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Amamizu N, Nishida M, Sasaki K, Kishi R, Kitagawa Y. Theoretical Study on the Open-Shell Electronic Structure and Electron Conductivity of [18]Annulene as a Molecular Parallel Circuit Model. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 14:98. [PMID: 38202553 PMCID: PMC10781064 DOI: 10.3390/nano14010098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Herein, the electron conductivities of [18]annulene and its derivatives are theoretically examined as a molecular parallel circuit model consisting of two linear polyenes. Their electron conductivities are estimated by elastic scattering Green's function (ESGF) theory and density functional theory (DFT) methods. The calculated conductivity of the [18]annulene does not follow the classical conductivity, i.e., Ohm's law, suggesting the importance of a quantum interference effect in single molecules. By introducing electron-withdrawing groups into the annulene framework, on the other hand, a spin-polarized electronic structure appears, and the quantum interference effect is significantly suppressed. In addition, the total current is affected by the spin polarization because of the asymmetry in the coupling constant between the molecule and electrodes. From these results, it is suggested that the electron conductivity as well as the quantum interference effect of π-conjugated molecular systems can be designed using their open-shell nature, which is chemically controlled by the substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoka Amamizu
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan; (M.N.); (K.S.); (R.K.)
| | - Mitsuhiro Nishida
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan; (M.N.); (K.S.); (R.K.)
| | - Keisuke Sasaki
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan; (M.N.); (K.S.); (R.K.)
| | - Ryohei Kishi
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan; (M.N.); (K.S.); (R.K.)
- Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Biology (QIQB), International Advanced Research Institute (IARI), Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
- Research Center for Solar Energy Chemistry (RCSEC), Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
- Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Kitagawa
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan; (M.N.); (K.S.); (R.K.)
- Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Biology (QIQB), International Advanced Research Institute (IARI), Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
- Research Center for Solar Energy Chemistry (RCSEC), Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
- Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Spintronics Research Network Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (SRN-OTRI), Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
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2
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Iyengar SS, Kumar A, Saha D, Sabry A. Synthesis of Hidden Subgroup Quantum Algorithms and Quantum Chemical Dynamics. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:6082-6092. [PMID: 37703187 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c00404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
We describe a general formalism for quantum dynamics and show how this formalism subsumes several quantum algorithms, including the Deutsch, Deutsch-Jozsa, Bernstein-Vazirani, Simon, and Shor algorithms as well as the conventional approach to quantum dynamics based on tensor networks. The common framework exposes similarities among quantum algorithms and natural quantum phenomena: we illustrate this connection by showing how the correlated behavior of protons in water wire systems that are common in many biological and materials systems parallels the structure of Shor's algorithm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasan S Iyengar
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405-7102, United States
- Quantum Science and Engineering Center (QSEc), Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405-7102, United States
| | - Anup Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405-7102, United States
| | - Debadrita Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405-7102, United States
| | - Amr Sabry
- Quantum Science and Engineering Center (QSEc), Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405-7102, United States
- Department of Computer Science, Luddy School of Informatics, Computing, and Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405-7102, United States
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3
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Li L, Prindle CR, Shi W, Nuckolls C, Venkataraman L. Radical Single-Molecule Junctions. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:18182-18204. [PMID: 37555594 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Radicals are unique molecular systems for applications in electronic devices due to their open-shell electronic structures. Radicals can function as good electrical conductors and switches in molecular circuits while also holding great promise in the field of molecular spintronics. However, it is both challenging to create stable, persistent radicals and to understand their properties in molecular junctions. The goal of this Perspective is to address this dual challenge by providing design principles for the synthesis of stable radicals relevant to molecular junctions, as well as offering current insight into the electronic properties of radicals in single-molecule devices. By exploring both the chemical and physical properties of established radical systems, we will facilitate increased exploration and development of radical-based molecular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Li
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Claudia R Prindle
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Wanzhuo Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Colin Nuckolls
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Latha Venkataraman
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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4
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Zimbovskaya NA, Nitzan A. Phonon transport along long polymer chains with varying configurations: Effects of phonon scattering. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:234903. [PMID: 37326160 DOI: 10.1063/5.0155486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Following recent molecular dynamic simulations [M. Dinpajooh and A. Nitzan, J. Chem. Phys. 153, 164903 (2020)], we theoretically analyze how the phonon heat transport along a single polymer chain may be affected by varying the chain configuration. We suggest that phonon scattering controls the phonon heat conduction in strongly compressed (and tangled) chain when multiple random bends act as scattering centers for vibrational phonon modes, which results in the diffusive character of heat transport. As the chain is straightening up, the number of scatterers decreases, and the heat transport acquires nearly ballistic character. To analyze these effects, we introduce a model of a long atomic chain made out of identical atoms where some atoms are put in contact with scatterers and treat the phonon heat transfer through such a system as a multichannel scattering problem. We simulate the changes in the chain configurations by varying the number of the scatterers and mimic a gradual straightening of the chain by a gradual reducing of the number of scatterers attached to the chain atoms. It is demonstrated, in agreement with recently published simulation results, that the phonon thermal conductance shows a threshold-like transition from the limit where nearly all atoms are attached to the scatterers to the opposite limit where the scatterers vanish, which corresponds to a transition from the diffusive to the ballistic phonon transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalya A Zimbovskaya
- Department of Physics and Electronics, University of Puerto Rico-Humacao, CUH Station, Humacao, Puerto Rico 00791, USA
| | - Abraham Nitzan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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5
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Li L, Gunasekaran S, Wei Y, Nuckolls C, Venkataraman L. Reversed Conductance Decay of 1D Topological Insulators by Tight-Binding Analysis. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:9703-9710. [PMID: 36219846 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Reversed conductance decay describes increasing conductance of a molecular chain series with increasing chain length. Realizing reversed conductance decay is an important step toward making long and highly conducting molecular wires. Recent work has shown that one-dimensional topological insulators (1D TIs) can exhibit reversed conductance decay due to their nontrivial edge states. The Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) model for 1D TIs relates to the electronic structure of these isolated molecules but not their electron transport properties as single-molecule junctions. Herein, we use a tight-binding approach to demonstrate that polyacetylene and other diradicaloid 1D TIs show a reversed conductance decay at the short chain limit. We explain these conductance trends by analyzing the impact of the edge states in these 1D systems on the single-molecule junction transmission. Additionally, we discuss how the self-energy from the electrode-molecule coupling and the on-site energy of the edge sites can be tuned to create longer wires with reversed conductance decays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Li
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York10027, United States
| | - Suman Gunasekaran
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York14853, United States
| | - Yujing Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York10027, United States
| | - Colin Nuckolls
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York10027, United States
| | - Latha Venkataraman
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York10027, United States
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York10027, United States
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6
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Lu H, Guo Y, Robertson J. Ab Initio Study of Hexagonal Boron Nitride as the Tunnel Barrier in Magnetic Tunnel Junctions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:47226-47235. [PMID: 34559966 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c13583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) is studied as a tunnel barrier in magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) as a possible alternative to MgO. The tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) of such MTJs is calculated as a function of whether the interface involves the chemi- or physisorptive site of h-BN atoms on the metal electrodes, Fe, Co, or Ni. It is found that the physisorptive site on average produces higher TMR values, whereas the chemisorptive site has the greater binding energy but lower TMR. It is found that alloying the electrodes with an inert metal-like Pt can induce the preferred absorption site on Co to become a physisorptive site, enabling a higher TMR value. It is found that the choice of physisorptive sites of each element gives more Schottky-like dependence of their Schottky barrier heights on the metal work function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haichang Lu
- School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Engineering Department, Cambridge University, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, U.K
| | - Yuzheng Guo
- Engineering Department, Cambridge University, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, U.K
- School of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN, U.K
| | - John Robertson
- Engineering Department, Cambridge University, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, U.K
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7
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Banerjee A, Khan SUH, Broadbent S, Bulbul A, Kim KH, Noh S, Looper R, Mastrangelo CH, Kim H. Molecular bridge-mediated ultralow-power gas sensing. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2021; 7:27. [PMID: 34567741 PMCID: PMC8433217 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-021-00252-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We report the electrical detection of captured gases through measurement of the quantum tunneling characteristics of gas-mediated molecular junctions formed across nanogaps. The gas-sensing nanogap device consists of a pair of vertically stacked gold electrodes separated by an insulating 6 nm spacer (~1.5 nm of sputtered α-Si and ~4.5 nm ALD SiO2), which is notched ~10 nm into the stack between the gold electrodes. The exposed gold surface is functionalized with a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of conjugated thiol linker molecules. When the device is exposed to a target gas (1,5-diaminopentane), the SAM layer electrostatically captures the target gas molecules, forming a molecular bridge across the nanogap. The gas capture lowers the barrier potential for electron tunneling across the notched edge region, from ~5 eV to ~0.9 eV and establishes additional conducting paths for charge transport between the gold electrodes, leading to a substantial decrease in junction resistance. We demonstrated an output resistance change of >108 times upon exposure to 80 ppm diamine target gas as well as ultralow standby power consumption of <15 pW, confirming electron tunneling through molecular bridges for ultralow-power gas sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishwaryadev Banerjee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA
| | - Shakir-Ul Haque Khan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA
| | - Samuel Broadbent
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA
| | - Ashrafuzzaman Bulbul
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA
| | | | - Seungbeom Noh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA
| | - R. Looper
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA
| | - C. H. Mastrangelo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA
| | - H. Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA
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8
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Gandus G, Valli A, Passerone D, Stadler R. Smart local orbitals for efficient calculations within density functional theory and beyond. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:194103. [PMID: 33218230 DOI: 10.1063/5.0021821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Localized basis sets in the projector augmented wave formalism allow for computationally efficient calculations within density functional theory (DFT). However, achieving high numerical accuracy requires an extensive basis set, which also poses a fundamental problem for the interpretation of the results. We present a way to obtain a reduced basis set of atomic orbitals through the subdiagonalization of each atomic block of the Hamiltonian. The resulting local orbitals (LOs) inherit the information of the local crystal field. In the LO basis, it becomes apparent that the Hamiltonian is nearly block-diagonal, and we demonstrate that it is possible to keep only a subset of relevant LOs that provide an accurate description of the physics around the Fermi level. This reduces to some extent the redundancy of the original basis set, and at the same time, it allows one to perform post-processing of DFT calculations, ranging from the interpretation of electron transport to extracting effective tight-binding Hamiltonians, very efficiently and without sacrificing the accuracy of the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Gandus
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - A Valli
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, TU Wien, Wiedner Hauptstrasse 8-10, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - D Passerone
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - R Stadler
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, TU Wien, Wiedner Hauptstrasse 8-10, 1040 Vienna, Austria
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9
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Zöllner MS, Saghatchi A, Mujica V, Herrmann C. Influence of Electronic Structure Modeling and Junction Structure on First-Principles Chiral Induced Spin Selectivity. J Chem Theory Comput 2020; 16:7357-7371. [PMID: 33167619 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.0c00621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We have carried out a comprehensive study of the influence of electronic structure modeling and junction structure description on the first-principles calculation of the spin polarization in molecular junctions caused by the chiral induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect. We explore the limits and the sensitivity to modeling decisions of a Landauer/Green's function/two-component density functional theory approach to CISS. We find that although the CISS effect is entirely attributed in the literature to molecular spin filtering, spin-orbit coupling being partially inherited from the metal electrodes plays an important role in our calculations on ideal carbon helices, even though this effect cannot explain the experimental conductance results. Its magnitude depends considerably on the shape, size, and material of the metal clusters modeling the electrodes. Also, a pronounced dependence on the specific description of exchange interaction and spin-orbit coupling is manifest in our approach. This is important because the interplay between exchange effects and spin-orbit coupling may play an important role in the description of the junction magnetic response. Our calculations are relevant for the whole field of spin-polarized electron transport and electron transfer, because there is still an open discussion in the literature about the detailed underlying mechanism and the magnitude of physical parameters that need to be included to achieve a consistent description of the CISS effect: seemingly good quantitative agreement between simulation and the experiment can be caused by error compensation, because spin polarization as contained in a Landauer/Green's function/two-component density functional theory approach depends strongly on computational and structural parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aida Saghatchi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Vladimiro Mujica
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States.,Kimika Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea and Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Donostia, Euskadi P.K. 1072, 20080, Spain
| | - Carmen Herrmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
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10
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Gunasekaran S, Reed DA, Paley DW, Bartholomew AK, Venkataraman L, Steigerwald ML, Roy X, Nuckolls C. Single-Electron Currents in Designer Single-Cluster Devices. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:14924-14932. [PMID: 32809814 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c04970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Atomically precise clusters can be used to create single-electron devices wherein a single redox-active cluster is connected to two macroscopic electrodes via anchoring ligands. Unlike single-electron devices comprising nanocrystals, these cluster-based devices can be fabricated with atomic precision. This affords an unprecedented level of control over the device properties. Herein, we design a series of cobalt chalcogenide clusters with varying ligand geometries and core nuclearities to control their current-voltage (I-V) characteristics in a scanning tunneling microscope-based break junction (STM-BJ) device. First, the device geometry is modified by precisely positioning junction-anchoring ligands on the surface of the cluster. We show that the I-V characteristics are independent of ligand placement, confirming a sequential, single-electron tunneling mechanism. Next, we chemically fuse two clusters to realize a larger cluster dimer that behaves as a single electronic unit, possessing a smaller reorganization energy and more accessible redox states than the monomeric analogues. As a result, dimer-based devices exhibit significantly higher currents and can even be pushed to current saturation at high bias. Owing to these controllable properties, single-cluster junctions serve as an excellent platform for exploring incoherent charge transport processes at the nanoscale. With this understanding, as well as properties such as nonlinear I-V characteristics and rectification, these molecular clusters may function as conductive inorganic nodes in new devices and materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Gunasekaran
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Douglas A Reed
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Daniel W Paley
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | | | - Latha Venkataraman
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States.,Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Michael L Steigerwald
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Xavier Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Colin Nuckolls
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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11
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Petrov EG, Gorbach VV, Ragulya AV, Lyubchik A, Lyubchik S. Gate-tunable electroluminescence in Aviram-Ratner-type molecules: Kinetic description. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:084105. [PMID: 32872853 DOI: 10.1063/5.0018574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A theoretical study of the mechanisms of electroluminescence (EL) generation in photoactive molecules with donor and acceptor centers linked by saturated σ-bonds (molecules of the Aviram-Ratner-type) is presented. The approach is based on the kinetics of single-electron transitions between many-body molecular states. This study shows that the EL polarity arises due to asymmetric coupling of molecular orbitals of the photochromic part of the molecule to the electrodes. The gate voltage controls the power of the EL through the occupancy of the excited singlet state. The shifting of the orbital energies forms a resonant or a non-resonant path for the transmission of electrons through the molecule. The action of the gate voltage is reflected in specific critical voltages. An analytical dependence of the critical voltages on the energies of molecular states involved in the formation of EL, as well as on the gate voltage, was derived for both positive and negative polarities. Conditions under which the gate voltage lowers the absolute value of the bias voltage that is responsible for the activation of the resonance mechanism of EL formation were also established. This is an important factor in control of EL in molecular junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmar G Petrov
- Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Metrologichna Street 14-B, UA-03680 Kiev, Ukraine
| | | | | | | | - Svetlana Lyubchik
- REQUIMTE, Departomento Quimica, FCT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica 2829-516, Portugal
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12
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Pickup BT, Fowler PW. A Correlated Source-Sink-Potential Model Consistent with the Meir–Wingreen Formula. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:6928-6944. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c01711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Barry T. Pickup
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK
| | - Patrick W. Fowler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK
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13
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Ernzerhof M, Giguère A, Mayou D. Non-Hermitian quantum mechanics and exceptional points in molecular electronics. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:244119. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0006365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Ernzerhof
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succursale A, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Alexandre Giguère
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succursale A, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
- Département des Sciences de la Nature, Collège Militaire Royal de Saint-Jean, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Québec J3B 8R8, Canada
| | - Didier Mayou
- Institut Néel, 25 Avenue des Martyrs, BP 166, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
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14
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Zöllner MS, Varela S, Medina E, Mujica V, Herrmann C. Insight into the Origin of Chiral-Induced Spin Selectivity from a Symmetry Analysis of Electronic Transmission. J Chem Theory Comput 2020; 16:2914-2929. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.9b01078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Solmar Varela
- School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, 100119 Urcuquı́, Ecuador
| | - Ernesto Medina
- Yachay Tech University, School of Physical Sciences and Nanotechnology, 100119 Urcuquı́, Ecuador
| | - Vladimiro Mujica
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, USA
| | - Carmen Herrmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
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15
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Moorsom T, Rogers M, Scivetti I, Bandaru S, Teobaldi G, Valvidares M, Flokstra M, Lee S, Stewart R, Prokscha T, Gargiani P, Alosaimi N, Stefanou G, Ali M, Al Ma’Mari F, Burnell G, Hickey BJ, Cespedes O. Reversible spin storage in metal oxide-fullerene heterojunctions. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaax1085. [PMID: 32219155 PMCID: PMC7083605 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax1085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We show that hybrid MnOx/C60 heterojunctions can be used to design a storage device for spin-polarized charge: a spin capacitor. Hybridization at the carbon-metal oxide interface leads to spin-polarized charge trapping after an applied voltage or photocurrent. Strong electronic structure changes, including a 1-eV energy shift and spin polarization in the C60 lowest unoccupied molecular orbital, are then revealed by x-ray absorption spectroscopy, in agreement with density functional theory simulations. Muon spin spectroscopy measurements give further independent evidence of local spin ordering and magnetic moments optically/electronically stored at the heterojunctions. These spin-polarized states dissipate when shorting the electrodes. The spin storage decay time is controlled by magnetic ordering at the interface, leading to coherence times of seconds to hours even at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Moorsom
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - M. Rogers
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - I. Scivetti
- Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy, Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, England
| | - S. Bandaru
- Beijing Computational Science Research Centre, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - G. Teobaldi
- Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy, Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, England
- Beijing Computational Science Research Centre, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - M. Valvidares
- ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, E-08290 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M. Flokstra
- School of Physics and Astronomy, SUPA, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9SS, UK
| | - S. Lee
- School of Physics and Astronomy, SUPA, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9SS, UK
| | - R. Stewart
- School of Physics and Astronomy, SUPA, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9SS, UK
| | - T. Prokscha
- Laboratory for Muon Spin Spectroscopy, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - P. Gargiani
- ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, E-08290 Barcelona, Spain
| | - N. Alosaimi
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - G. Stefanou
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - M. Ali
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - F. Al Ma’Mari
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
- Department of Physics, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 36, 123 Muscat, Oman
| | - G. Burnell
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - B. J. Hickey
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - O. Cespedes
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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16
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Yonehara T, Nakajima T. Electron dynamics method using a locally projected group diabatic Fock matrix for molecules and aggregates. Chem Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2019.110508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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17
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Hong J. Analyzing scanning tunneling spectroscopy for Fe-based superconductors and extracting sample density of states. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2019; 31:375602. [PMID: 31163407 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab26fb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We extract the density of states (DOS) from the scanning tunneling spectroscopy data for Ba1-x K x Fe2As2 superconductor. The obtained sample DOS is composed of two ordinary s-wave types from the band at [Formula: see text] point and a linear-like DOS within the s-wave gap from the band at M point in the Brillouin zone, and is consistent with the corresponding data from angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. We clarify that the major peak of the tunneling conductance is not related to the DOS but is rather the effect of nonequilibrium coherent tunneling including all coherent spins in the tip and sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongbae Hong
- Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Incheon National University, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
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18
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Kitagawa Y, Tada H, Era I, Fujii T, Ikenaga K, Nakano M. Theoretical Study on the Difference in Electron Conductivity of a One-Dimensional Penta-Nickel(II) Complex between Anti-Ferromagnetic and Ferromagnetic States-Possibility of Molecular Switch with Open-Shell Molecules. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24101956. [PMID: 31117287 PMCID: PMC6571866 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24101956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The electron conductivity of an extended metal atom chain (EMAC) that consisted of penta-nickel(II) ions bridged by oligo-α-pyridylamino ligands was examined by density functional theory (DFT) and elastic scattering Green’s functions (ESGF) calculations. The calculated results revealed that an intramolecular ferromagnetic (FM) coupling state showed a higher conductivity in comparison with an anti-ferromagnetic (AFM) coupling state. The present results suggest the potential of the complex as a molecular switch as well as a molecular wire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasutaka Kitagawa
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan.
- Center for Spintronics Research Network (CSRN), Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan.
| | - Hayato Tada
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan.
| | - Iori Era
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan.
| | - Takuya Fujii
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan.
| | - Kazuki Ikenaga
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan.
| | - Masayoshi Nakano
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan.
- Center for Spintronics Research Network (CSRN), Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan.
- Quantum Information and Quantum Biology Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan.
- Institute for Molecular Science, 38 Nishigo-Naka, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan.
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19
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Zimbovskaya NA, Nitzan A. Thermally induced charge current through long molecules. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:024303. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5005057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Natalya A. Zimbovskaya
- Department of Physics and Electronics, University of Puerto Rico, Humacao, Puerto Rico 00791, USA
| | - Abraham Nitzan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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20
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Jiang Y. Quantum interference in multi-branched molecules: The exact transfer matrix solutions. J Chem Phys 2017; 147:214115. [PMID: 29221391 DOI: 10.1063/1.4989872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a transfer matrix formalism for studying quantum interference in a single molecule electronic system with internal branched structures. Based on the Schrödinger equation with the Bethe ansatz and employing Kirchhoff's rule for quantum wires, we derive a general closed-form expression for the transmission and reflection amplitudes of a two-port quantum network. We show that the transport through a molecule with complex internal structures can be reduced to that of a single two-port scattering unit, which contains all the information of the original composite molecule. Our method allows for the calculation of the transmission coefficient for various types of individual molecular modules giving rise to different resonant transport behaviors such as the Breit-Wigner, Fano, and Mach-Zehnder resonances. As an illustration, we first re-derive the transmittance of the Aharonov-Bohm ring, and then we apply our formulation to N identical parity-time (PT)-symmetric potentials, connected in series as well as in parallel. It is shown that the spectral singularities and PT-symmetric transitions of single scattering cells may be observed in coupled systems. Such transitions may occur at the same or distinct values of the critical parameters, depending on the connection modes under which the scattering objects are coupled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jiang
- Departamento de Física, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, A. P. 55-534, 09340 México D.F., Mexico
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21
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Fowler PW, Sciriha I, Borg M, Seville VE, Pickup BT. Near omni-conductors and insulators: Alternant hydrocarbons in the SSP model of ballistic conduction. J Chem Phys 2017; 147:164115. [PMID: 29096467 DOI: 10.1063/1.4995544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Within the source-and-sink-potential model, a complete characterisation is obtained for the conduction behaviour of alternant π-conjugated hydrocarbons (conjugated hydrocarbons without odd cycles). In this model, an omni-conductor has a molecular graph that conducts at the Fermi level irrespective of the choice of connection vertices. Likewise, an omni-insulator is a molecular graph that fails to conduct for any choice of connections. We give a comprehensive classification of possible combinations of omni-conducting and omni-insulating behaviour for molecular graphs, ranked by nullity (number of non-bonding orbitals). Alternant hydrocarbons are those that have bipartite molecular graphs; they cannot be full omni-conductors or full omni-insulators but may conduct or insulate within well-defined subsets of vertices (unsaturated carbon centres). This leads to the definition of "near omni-conductors" and "near omni-insulators." Of 81 conceivable classes of conduction behaviour for alternants, only 14 are realisable. Of these, nine are realised by more than one chemical graph. For example, conduction of all Kekulean benzenoids (nanographenes) is described by just two classes. In particular, the catafused benzenoids (benzenoids in which no carbon atom belongs to three hexagons) conduct when connected to leads via one starred and one unstarred atom, and otherwise insulate, corresponding to conduction type CII in the near-omni classification scheme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick W Fowler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | - Irene Sciriha
- Department of Mathematics, University of Malta, Msida MSD 2080, Malta
| | - Martha Borg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria E Seville
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | - Barry T Pickup
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, United Kingdom
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22
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Zimbovskaya NA. Length-dependent Seebeck effect in single-molecule junctions beyond linear response regime. J Chem Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4983130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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23
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Bueno PR, Miranda DA. Conceptual density functional theory for electron transfer and transport in mesoscopic systems. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:6184-6195. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp02504h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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24
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Hsu LY, Rabitz H. Theory of molecular conductance using a modular approach. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:234702. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4972131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Yan Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Herschel Rabitz
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
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25
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Zimbovskaya NA. Communication: Length-dependent thermopower of single-molecule junctions. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:221101. [PMID: 27984881 DOI: 10.1063/1.4972002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present work, we theoretically study the length dependence of thermopower of a single-molecule junction with a chain-like molecular bridge of an arbitrary length using a tight-binding model. We analyze conditions bringing a nonlinear growth of the thermopower accompanying the extension of the bridge length. Also, we show that the thermopower may decrease with increasing molecular length provided that the molecular bridge is sufficiently long.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalya A Zimbovskaya
- Department of Physics and Electronics, University of Puerto Rico, Humacao, Puerto Rico 00791, USA
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26
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Xiang D, Wang X, Jia C, Lee T, Guo X. Molecular-Scale Electronics: From Concept to Function. Chem Rev 2016; 116:4318-440. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 816] [Impact Index Per Article: 102.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Xiang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for
Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Key
Laboratory of Optical Information Science and Technology, Institute
of Modern Optics, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for
Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chuancheng Jia
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for
Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Takhee Lee
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, and Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Xuefeng Guo
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for
Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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27
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Close relation between quantum interference in molecular conductance and diradical existence. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E413-9. [PMID: 26755578 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1518206113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
An empirical observation of a relationship between a striking feature of electronic transmission through a π-system, destructive quantum interference (QI), on one hand, and the stability of diradicals on the other, leads to the proof of a general theorem that relates the two. Subject to a number of simplifying assumptions, in a π-electron system, QI occurs when electrodes are attached to those positions of an N-carbon atom N-electron closed-shell hydrocarbon where the matrix elements of the Green's function vanish. These zeros come in two types, which are called easy and hard. Suppose an N+2 atom, N+2 electron hydrocarbon is formed by substituting 2 CH2 groups at two atoms, where the electrodes were. Then, if a QI feature is associated with electrode attachment to the two atoms of the original N atom system, the resulting augmented N+2 molecule will be a diradical. If there is no QI feature, i.e., transmission of current is normal if electrodes are attached to the two atoms, the resulting hydrocarbon will not be a diradical but will have a classical closed-shell electronic structure. Moreover, where a diradical exists, the easy zero is associated with a nondisjoint diradical, and the hard zero is associated with a disjoint one. A related theorem is proven for deletion of two sites from a hydrocarbon.
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28
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Lakhno VD, Sultanov VB. On the Possibility of Electronic DNA Nanobiochips. J Chem Theory Comput 2015; 3:703-5. [PMID: 26627387 DOI: 10.1021/ct6003438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We have considered as a theoretical possibility for the development of a nanobiochip the operation principle of which is based on measuring conductance in single-stranded and double-stranded DNA. Calculations have demonstrated that in the majority of cases the conductance of double-stranded nucleotides considerably exceeds that of single-stranded ones. The results obtained are in agreement with recent experiments on measuring the oligonucleotide conductance. It has been shown that an electronic biochip containing 11 nucleotide pairs will recognize ≈97% sequences. It has also been demonstrated that the percentage of identifiable sequences will grow with the sequence length.
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Affiliation(s)
- V D Lakhno
- Institute of Mathematical Problems of Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - V B Sultanov
- Institute of Mathematical Problems of Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
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29
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Pickup BT, Fowler PW, Borg M, Sciriha I. A new approach to the method of source-sink potentials for molecular conduction. J Chem Phys 2015; 143:194105. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4935716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
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30
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Teichen PE, Eaves JD. Collective aspects of singlet fission in molecular crystals. J Chem Phys 2015; 143:044118. [PMID: 26233118 DOI: 10.1063/1.4922644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a model to describe collective features of singlet fission in molecular crystals and analyze it using many-body theory. The model we develop allows excitonic states to delocalize over several chromophores which is consistent with the character of the excited states in many molecular crystals, such as the acenes, where singlet fission occurs. As singlet states become more delocalized and triplet states more localized, the rate of singlet fission increases. We also determine the conditions under which the two triplets resulting from fission are correlated. Using the Bethe Ansatz and an entanglement measure for indistinguishable bipartite systems, we calculate the triplet-triplet entanglement as a function of the biexciton interaction strength. The biexciton interaction can produce bound biexciton states and provides a source of entanglement between the two triplets even when the triplets are spatially well separated. Significant entanglement between the triplet pair occurs well below the threshold for bound pair formation. Our results paint a dynamical picture that helps to explain why fission has been observed to be more efficient in molecular crystals than in their covalent dimer analogues and have consequences for photovoltaic efficiency models that assume that the two triplets can be extracted independently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul E Teichen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Joel D Eaves
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
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31
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Dou W, Nitzan A, Subotnik JE. Surface hopping with a manifold of electronic states. III. Transients, broadening, and the Marcus picture. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:234106. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4922513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Dou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Abraham Nitzan
- School of Chemistry, The Sackler Faculty of Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Joseph E. Subotnik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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32
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Liao KC, Hsu LY, Bowers CM, Rabitz H, Whitesides GM. Molecular series-tunneling junctions. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:5948-54. [PMID: 25871745 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b00448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Charge transport through junctions consisting of insulating molecular units is a quantum phenomenon that cannot be described adequately by classical circuit laws. This paper explores tunneling current densities in self-assembled monolayer (SAM)-based junctions with the structure Ag(TS)/O2C-R1-R2-H//Ga2O3/EGaIn, where Ag(TS) is template-stripped silver and EGaIn is the eutectic alloy of gallium and indium; R1 and R2 refer to two classes of insulating molecular units-(CH2)n and (C6H4)m-that are connected in series and have different tunneling decay constants in the Simmons equation. These junctions can be analyzed as a form of series-tunneling junctions based on the observation that permuting the order of R1 and R2 in the junction does not alter the overall rate of charge transport. By using the Ag/O2C interface, this system decouples the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO, which is localized on the carboxylate group) from strong interactions with the R1 and R2 units. The differences in rates of tunneling are thus determined by the electronic structure of the groups R1 and R2; these differences are not influenced by the order of R1 and R2 in the SAM. In an electrical potential model that rationalizes this observation, R1 and R2 contribute independently to the height of the barrier. This model explicitly assumes that contributions to rates of tunneling from the Ag(TS)/O2C and H//Ga2O3 interfaces are constant across the series examined. The current density of these series-tunneling junctions can be described by J(V) = J0(V) exp(-β1d1 - β2d2), where J(V) is the current density (A/cm(2)) at applied voltage V and βi and di are the parameters describing the attenuation of the tunneling current through a rectangular tunneling barrier, with width d and a height related to the attenuation factor β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kung-Ching Liao
- †Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Liang-Yan Hsu
- ‡Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Carleen M Bowers
- †Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Herschel Rabitz
- ‡Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - George M Whitesides
- †Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States.,§Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, 60 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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33
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Hu Z, Ratner MA, Seideman T. Modeling light-induced charge transfer dynamics across a metal-molecule-metal junction: Bridging classical electrodynamics and quantum dynamics. J Chem Phys 2014; 141:224104. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4903046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA
| | - Mark A. Ratner
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA
| | - Tamar Seideman
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA
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34
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Reuter MG, Harrison RJ. Rethinking first-principles electron transport theories with projection operators: the problems caused by partitioning the basis set. J Chem Phys 2014; 139:114104. [PMID: 24070276 DOI: 10.1063/1.4821176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We revisit the derivation of electron transport theories with a focus on the projection operators chosen to partition the system. The prevailing choice of assigning each computational basis function to a region causes two problems. First, this choice generally results in oblique projection operators, which are non-Hermitian and violate implicit assumptions in the derivation. Second, these operators are defined with the physically insignificant basis set and, as such, preclude a well-defined basis set limit. We thus advocate for the selection of physically motivated, orthogonal projection operators (which are Hermitian) and present an operator-based derivation of electron transport theories. Unlike the conventional, matrix-based approaches, this derivation requires no knowledge of the computational basis set. In this process, we also find that common transport formalisms for nonorthogonal basis sets improperly decouple the exterior regions, leading to a short circuit through the system. We finally discuss the implications of these results for first-principles calculations of electron transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G Reuter
- Computer Science and Mathematics Division and Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
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35
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Maggio E, Troisi A. An expression for the bridge-mediated electron transfer rate in dye-sensitized solar cells. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2014; 372:20130011. [PMID: 24615149 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2013.0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We have derived an expression for the rate of electron transfer between a semiconductor and a redox centre connected to the semiconductor via a molecular bridge. This model is particularly useful to study the charge recombination (CR) process in dye-sensitized solar cells, where the dye is often connected to the semiconductor by a conjugated bridge. This formalism, designed to be coupled with density functional theory electronic structure calculations, can be used to explore the effect of changing the bridge on the rate of interfacial electron transfer. As an example, we have evaluated the CR rate for a series of systems that differ in the bridge length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Maggio
- Department of Chemistry, and Centre for Scientific Computing, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
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36
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Jackson NE, Heitzer HM, Savoie BM, Reuter MG, Marks TJ, Ratner MA. Emergent Properties in Locally Ordered Molecular Materials. Isr J Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201400021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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37
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Fowler PW, Pickup BT, Todorova TZ, Borg M, Sciriha I. Omni-conducting and omni-insulating molecules. J Chem Phys 2014; 140:054115. [PMID: 24511930 DOI: 10.1063/1.4863559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The source and sink potential model is used to predict the existence of omni-conductors (and omni-insulators): molecular conjugated π systems that respectively support ballistic conduction or show insulation at the Fermi level, irrespective of the centres chosen as connections. Distinct, ipso, and strong omni-conductors/omni-insulators show Fermi-level conduction/insulation for all distinct pairs of connections, for all connections via a single centre, and for both, respectively. The class of conduction behaviour depends critically on the number of non-bonding orbitals (NBO) of the molecular system (corresponding to the nullity of the graph). Distinct omni-conductors have at most one NBO; distinct omni-insulators have at least two NBO; strong omni-insulators do not exist for any number of NBO. Distinct omni-conductors with a single NBO are all also strong and correspond exactly to the class of graphs known as nut graphs. Families of conjugated hydrocarbons corresponding to chemical graphs with predicted omni-conducting/insulating behaviour are identified. For example, most fullerenes are predicted to be strong omni-conductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- P W Fowler
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | - B T Pickup
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | - T Z Todorova
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | - Martha Borg
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | - Irene Sciriha
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, University of Malta, Msida MSD 2080, Malta
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38
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Ségerie A, Lin LL, Liégeois V, Luo Y, Champagne B. Effects of the basis set and of the exchange-correlation functional on the Inelastic Electron Tunneling signatures of 1,4-benzenedithiol. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2014; 119:34-41. [PMID: 23831045 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The effects of the atomic basis set and of the exchange-correlation (XC) functional on the Inelastic Electron Tunneling (IET) spectra have been investigated by considering the prototypical 1,4-benzenedithiol molecule. These studies have been completed by tackling the reliability of the same methods for predicting the IR absorption spectrum of the same molecule. The main conclusions are (i) the B3LYP XC functional is suitable to predict the relative vibrational frequencies, (ii) provided a scaling factor is used, the root mean square error on the vibrational frequencies goes down to 18 cm(-1), (iii) triple-ζ basis sets and in particular the cc-pVTZ basis set is a good compromise between accuracy and computational needs, (iv) basis set effects on the IET intensities are larger than those of the XC functional, and (v) the cc-pVTZ, cc-pVQZ, and aug-cc-pVDZ basis sets provide consistent IET intensities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Ségerie
- Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique, Unité de Chimie Physique Théorique et Structurale, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
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Maggio E, Solomon GC, Troisi A. Exploiting quantum interference in dye sensitized solar cells. ACS NANO 2014; 8:409-418. [PMID: 24283471 DOI: 10.1021/nn4045886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A strategy to hinder the charge recombination process in dye sensitized solar cells is developed in analogy with similar approaches to modulate charge transport across nanostructures. The system studied is a TiO2 (anatase)-chromophore interface, with an unsaturated carbon bridge connecting the two subunits. A theory for nonadiabatic electron transfer is employed in order to take explicitly into account the contribution from the bridge states mediating the process. If a cross-conjugated fragment is present in the bridge, it is possible to suppress the charge recombination by negative interference of the possible tunnelling path. Calculations carried out on realistic molecules at the DFT level of theory show how the recombination lifetime can be modulated by changes in the electron-withdrawing (donating) character of the groups connected to the cross-conjugated bridge. Tight binding calculations are employed to support the interpretation of the atomistic simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Maggio
- Chemistry Department & Centre of Scientific Computing, University of Warwick , Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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Mineo H, Lin SH, Fujimura Y, Xu J, Xu RX, Yan YJ. Non-Markovian response of ultrafast coherent electronic ring currents in chiral aromatic molecules in a condensed phase. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:214306. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4834035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Kitagawa Y, Matsui T, Nakanishi Y, Shigeta Y, Kawakami T, Okumura M, Yamaguchi K. Theoretical studies of electronic structures, magnetic properties and electron conductivities of one-dimensional Ni(n) (n = 3, 5, 7) complexes. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:16200-8. [PMID: 24091592 DOI: 10.1039/c3dt51466h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Electronic structures, magnetic properties and electron conductivities of linearly aligned one-dimensional (1-D) Ni(II)3, Ni(II)5 and Ni(II)7 complexes, i.e. [Ni3(dpa)4NCS2], [Ni5(tpda)4X2] (X = Cl, CN, N3, NCS) and [Ni7(teptra)4Cl2], are systematically investigated by the broken-symmetry B3LYP calculations and simulations based on an elastic scattering Green's function theory. Calculated spin densities appear only at terminal Ni ions, while inner Ni ions are the closed-shell. The calculated effective exchange integrals (J(ab)) values reproduce well the experimental results that indicate anti-ferromagnetic (AF) interactions between two terminal Ni ions. Natural orbitals and their occupation numbers show that a change in the weak AF couplings by axial ligands in penta-nickel complexes originates in σ-type orbitals. Simulated electron conductivities of [Ni3(dpa)4NCS2] and [Ni5(tpda)4NCS2] semi-quantitatively correspond to the experimental results. By the analyses, it is elucidated that electrons are mainly transmitted by σ-type orbitals, but the bonds between Au and axial ligands are also dominant factors for conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasutaka Kitagawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.
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Ségerie A, Liégeois V, Champagne B, Lin LL, Luo Y. Theoretical Insight into the Inelastic Electron Tunneling Spectra of an Anil Derivative. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:12783-95. [DOI: 10.1021/jp408068d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Ségerie
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Théorique, University of Namur, rue de Bruxelles,
61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Vincent Liégeois
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Théorique, University of Namur, rue de Bruxelles,
61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Benoît Champagne
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Théorique, University of Namur, rue de Bruxelles,
61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Li-Li Lin
- Department
of Theoretical Chemistry, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yi Luo
- Department
of Theoretical Chemistry, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
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Ganji MD, Sohbatzadeh Z, Khosravi A. Spin-dependent transport characteristics of Fe met-cars. Struct Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-013-0328-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Li Z, Fu X, Zhang G, Wang C. Effect of Gate Electric Field on Single Organic Molecular Devices. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2013. [DOI: 10.1063/1674-0068/26/02/185-190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Activationless charge transport across 4.5 to 22 nm in molecular electronic junctions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:5326-30. [PMID: 23509271 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1221643110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we bridge the gap between short-range tunneling in molecular junctions and activated hopping in bulk organic films, and greatly extend the distance range of charge transport in molecular electronic devices. Three distinct transport mechanisms were observed for 4.5-22-nm-thick oligo(thiophene) layers between carbon contacts, with tunneling operative when d < 8 nm, activated hopping when d > 16 nm for high temperatures and low bias, and a third mechanism consistent with field-induced ionization of highest occupied molecular orbitals or interface states to generate charge carriers when d = 8-22 nm. Transport in the 8-22-nm range is weakly temperature dependent, with a field-dependent activation barrier that becomes negligible at moderate bias. We thus report here a unique, activationless transport mechanism, operative over 8-22-nm distances without involving hopping, which severely limits carrier mobility and device lifetime in organic semiconductors. Charge transport in molecular electronic junctions can thus be effective for transport distances significantly greater than the 1-5 nm associated with quantum-mechanical tunneling.
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Zeng X, Hu X, Yang W. Fragment-based Quantum Mechanical/Molecular Mechanical Simulations of Thermodynamic and Kinetic Process of the Ru 2+-Ru 3+ Self-Exchange Electron Transfer. J Chem Theory Comput 2012; 8:4960-4967. [PMID: 23682243 PMCID: PMC3652472 DOI: 10.1021/ct300758v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A fragment-based fractional number of electron (FNE) approach, is developed to study entire electron transfer (ET) processes from the electron donor region to the acceptor region in condensed phase. Both regions are described by the density-fragment interaction (DFI) method while FNE as an efficient ET order parameter is applied to simulate the electron transfer process. In association with the QM/MM energy expression, the DFI-FNE method is demonstrated to describe ET processes robustly with the Ru2+-Ru3+ self-exchange ET as a proof-of-concept example. This method allows for systematic calculations of redox free energies, reorganization energies, and electronic couplings, and the absolute ET rate constants within the Marcus regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiancheng Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Xiangqian Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Weitao Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Rocheleau P, Ernzerhof M. Extension of the source-sink potential (SSP) approach to multichannel quantum transport. J Chem Phys 2012; 137:174112. [PMID: 23145722 DOI: 10.1063/1.4764291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We present an extension of the single channel source-sink potential approach [F. Goyer, M. Ernzerhof, and M. Zhuang, J. Chem. Phys. 126, 144104 (2007)] for molecular electronic devices (MEDs) to multiple channels. The proposed multichannel source-sink potential method relies on an eigenchannel description of conducting states of the MED which are obtained by a self-consistent algorithm. We use the newly developed model to examine the transport of the 1-phenyl-1,3-butadiene molecule connected to two coupled rows of atoms that act as contacts on the left and right sides. With an eigenchannel description of the wave function in the contacts, we determined that one of the eigenchannels is effectively closed by the interference effects of the side chain. Furthermore, we provide an example where we observe a complete inversion (from bonding to antibonding and vice versa) of the transverse character of the wave function upon passage through the molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Rocheleau
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succursale A, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
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Hsu LY, Rabitz H. Single-molecule phenyl-acetylene-macrocycle-based optoelectronic switch functioning as a quantum-interference-effect transistor. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 109:186801. [PMID: 23215309 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.186801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Revised: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This work proposes a new type of optoelectronic switch, the phenyl-acetylene-macrocycle-based single-molecule transistor, which utilizes photon-assisted tunneling and destructive quantum interference. The analysis uses single-particle Green's functions along with Floquet theory. Without the optical field, phenyl-acetylene-macrocycle exhibits a wide range of strong antiresonance between its frontier orbitals. The simulations show large on-off ratios (over 10(4)) and measurable currents (~10(-11) A) enabled by photon-assisted tunneling in a weak optical field (~2 × 10(5) V/cm) and at a small source-drain voltage (~0.05 V). Field amplitude power scaling laws and a range of field intensities are given for operating one- and two-photon assisted tunneling in phenyl-acetylene-macrocycle-based single-molecule transistors. This development opens up a new direction for creating molecular switches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Yan Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
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