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Stavrou M, Mühlbach AM, Arapakis V, Groß E, Kratky T, Günther S, Rieger B, Couris S. Exceptional ultrafast nonlinear optical response of functionalized silicon nanosheets. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:16636-16649. [PMID: 37823282 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr03497f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The present work reports on the ultrafast saturable absorption (SA), optical limiting (OL), and the nonlinear refractive response of hydride-terminated silicon nanosheets (SiNS-H) differently functionalized with styrene and tert-butyl methacrylate (tBuMA), namely, SiNS-styrene and SiNS-tBuMA, using 50 fs, 400 nm and 70 fs, 800 nm laser pulses. SiNS-styrene and SiNS-tBuMA exhibit dramatically enhanced nonlinear optical (NLO) responses compared to SiNS-H, with their absorptive nonlinearity strongly dependent on the laser excitation wavelength. More specifically, the studied functionalized SiNSs reveal strong SA behavior under 400 nm laser excitation, with NLO absorption coefficients, saturable intensities, and modulation depths comparable to various two-dimensional (2D) materials, known to exhibit strong SA, such as graphene, black phosphorous (BP), some transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), and some MXenes. On the other hand, under 800 nm laser excitation, SiNS-styrene and SiNS-tBuMA show highly efficient OL performance with OL onset values of about 0.0045 and 0.0065 J cm-2, respectively, which are significantly lower than those of other 2D nanostructures. In addition, it is shown that both SiNS samples have great potential in already existing Si-based optoelectronic devices for optical-switching applications since they exhibit very strong NLO refraction comparable to that of bulk Si. The results of the present work demonstrate that the chemical functionalization of SiNSs provides a highly efficient strategy for the preparation of 2D Si-based nanostructures with enhanced NLO response in view of several optoelectronic and photonic applications, such as OL, SA, and all-optical switching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michalis Stavrou
- Department of Physics, University of Patras, 265 04 Patras, Greece.
- Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas-Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (FORTH/ICE-HT), 26504 Rio-Patras, Greece.
| | - Amelie M Mühlbach
- Wacker-Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Vasilios Arapakis
- Department of Physics, University of Patras, 265 04 Patras, Greece.
- Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas-Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (FORTH/ICE-HT), 26504 Rio-Patras, Greece.
| | - Elisabeth Groß
- Wacker-Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Tim Kratky
- Physical Chemistry with Focus on Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Sebastian Günther
- Physical Chemistry with Focus on Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Bernhard Rieger
- Wacker-Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Stelios Couris
- Department of Physics, University of Patras, 265 04 Patras, Greece.
- Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas-Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (FORTH/ICE-HT), 26504 Rio-Patras, Greece.
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Shu C, Pink M, Junghoefer T, Nadler E, Rajca S, Casu MB, Rajca A. Synthesis and Thin Films of Thermally Robust Quartet ( S = 3/2) Ground State Triradical. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:5508-5518. [PMID: 33787241 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c01305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
High-spin (S = 3/2) organic triradicals may offer enhanced properties with respect to several emerging technologies, but those synthesized to date typically exhibit small doublet quartet energy gaps and/or possess limited thermal stability and processability. We report a quartet ground state triradical 3, synthesized by a Pd(0)-catalyzed radical-radical cross-coupling reaction, which possesses two doublet-quartet energy gaps, ΔEDQ ≈ 0.2-0.3 kcal mol-1 and ΔEDQ2 ≈ 1.2-1.8 kcal mol-1. The triradical has a 70+% population of the quartet ground state at room temperature and good thermal stability with onset of decomposition at >160 °C under an inert atmosphere. Magnetic properties of 3 are characterized by SQUID magnetometry in polystyrene glass and by quantitative EPR spectroscopy. Triradical 3 is evaporated under ultrahigh vacuum to form thin films of intact triradicals on silicon substrate, as confirmed by high-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. AFM and SEM images of the ∼1 nm thick films indicate that the triradical molecules form islands on the substrate. The films are stable under ultrahigh vacuum for at least 17 h but show onset of decomposition after 4 h at ambient conditions. The drop-cast films are less prone to degradation in air and have a longer lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Shu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0304, United States
| | - Maren Pink
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405-7102, United States
| | - Tobias Junghoefer
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Elke Nadler
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Suchada Rajca
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0304, United States
| | - Maria Benedetta Casu
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andrzej Rajca
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0304, United States
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Junghoefer T, Nowik-Boltyk EM, de Sousa JA, Giangrisostomi E, Ovsyannikov R, Chassé T, Veciana J, Mas-Torrent M, Rovira C, Crivillers N, Casu MB. Stability of radical-functionalized gold surfaces by self-assembly and on-surface chemistry. Chem Sci 2020; 11:9162-9172. [PMID: 34123165 PMCID: PMC8163401 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03399e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We have investigated the radical functionalization of gold surfaces with a derivative of the perchlorotriphenylmethyl (PTM) radical using two methods: by chemisorption from the radical solution and by on-surface chemical derivation from a precursor. We have investigated the obtained self-assembled monolayers by photon-energy dependent X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Our results show that the molecules were successfully anchored on the surfaces. We have used a robust method that can be applied to a variety of materials to assess the stability of the functionalized interface. The monolayers are characterized by air and X-ray beam stability unprecedented for films of organic radicals. Over very long X-ray beam exposure we observed a dynamic nature of the radical-Au complex. The results clearly indicate that (mono)layers of PTM radical derivatives have the necessary stability to withstand device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Junghoefer
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | | | - J Alejandro de Sousa
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Networking Research Center on Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN) Campus de la UAB 08193 Bellaterra Spain
- Laboratorio de Electroquímica, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de los Andes 5101 Mérida Venezuela
| | | | - Ruslan Ovsyannikov
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie (HZB) 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Thomas Chassé
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Jaume Veciana
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Networking Research Center on Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN) Campus de la UAB 08193 Bellaterra Spain
| | - Marta Mas-Torrent
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Networking Research Center on Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN) Campus de la UAB 08193 Bellaterra Spain
| | - Concepció Rovira
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Networking Research Center on Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN) Campus de la UAB 08193 Bellaterra Spain
| | - Núria Crivillers
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Networking Research Center on Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN) Campus de la UAB 08193 Bellaterra Spain
| | - Maria Benedetta Casu
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen 72076 Tübingen Germany
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Chalmpes N, Spyrou K, Vasilopoulos KC, Bourlinos AB, Moschovas D, Avgeropoulos A, Gioti C, Karakassides MA, Gournis D. Hypergolics in Carbon Nanomaterials Synthesis: New Paradigms and Perspectives. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25092207. [PMID: 32397274 PMCID: PMC7249011 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently we have highlighted the importance of hypergolic reactions in carbon materials synthesis. In an effort to expand this topic with additional new paradigms, herein we present novel preparations of carbon nanomaterials, such-like carbon nanosheets and fullerols (hydroxylated fullerenes), through spontaneous ignition of coffee-sodium peroxide (Na2O2) and C60-Na2O2 hypergolic mixtures, respectively. In these cases, coffee and fullerenes played the role of the combustible fuel, whereas sodium peroxide the role of the strong oxidizer (e.g., source of highly concentrated H2O2). The involved reactions are both thermodynamically and kinetically favoured, thus allowing rapid product formation at ambient conditions. In addition, we provide tips on how to exploit the released energy of such highly exothermic reactions in the generation of useful work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Chalmpes
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (N.C.); (K.S.); (K.C.V.); (D.M.); (A.A.); (C.G.); (M.A.K.)
| | - Konstantinos Spyrou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (N.C.); (K.S.); (K.C.V.); (D.M.); (A.A.); (C.G.); (M.A.K.)
| | - Konstantinos C. Vasilopoulos
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (N.C.); (K.S.); (K.C.V.); (D.M.); (A.A.); (C.G.); (M.A.K.)
| | - Athanasios B. Bourlinos
- Physics Department, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Correspondence: (A.B.B.); (D.G.); Tel.: +30-26510-07141 (D.G.)
| | - Dimitrios Moschovas
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (N.C.); (K.S.); (K.C.V.); (D.M.); (A.A.); (C.G.); (M.A.K.)
| | - Apostolos Avgeropoulos
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (N.C.); (K.S.); (K.C.V.); (D.M.); (A.A.); (C.G.); (M.A.K.)
| | - Christina Gioti
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (N.C.); (K.S.); (K.C.V.); (D.M.); (A.A.); (C.G.); (M.A.K.)
| | - Michael A. Karakassides
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (N.C.); (K.S.); (K.C.V.); (D.M.); (A.A.); (C.G.); (M.A.K.)
| | - Dimitrios Gournis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (N.C.); (K.S.); (K.C.V.); (D.M.); (A.A.); (C.G.); (M.A.K.)
- Correspondence: (A.B.B.); (D.G.); Tel.: +30-26510-07141 (D.G.)
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Ciccullo F, Calzolari A, Bader K, Neugebauer P, Gallagher NM, Rajca A, van Slageren J, Casu MB. Interfacing a Potential Purely Organic Molecular Quantum Bit with a Real-Life Surface. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:1571-1578. [PMID: 30520295 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b16061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
By using a multidisciplinary and multitechnique approach, we have addressed the issue of attaching a molecular quantum bit to a real surface. First, we demonstrate that an organic derivative of the pyrene-Blatter radical is a potential molecular quantum bit. Our study of the interface of the pyrene-Blatter radical with a copper-based surface reveals that the spin of the interface layer is not canceled by the interaction with the surface and that the Blatter radical is resistant in presence of molecular water. Although the measured pyrene-Blatter derivative quantum coherence time is not the highest value known, this molecule is known as a "super stable" radical. Conversely, other potential qubits show poor thin film stability upon air exposure. Therefore, we discuss strategies to make molecular systems candidates as qubits competitive, bridging the gap between potential and real applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Ciccullo
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry , University of Tübingen , 72076 Tübingen , Germany
| | - Arrigo Calzolari
- CNR-NANO Istituto Nanoscienze , Centro S3 , 41125 Modena , Italy
| | - Katharina Bader
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , University of Stuttgart , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Petr Neugebauer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , University of Stuttgart , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
- Central European Institute of Technology, CEITEC BUT , Purkyňova 656/123 , 61600 Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Nolan M Gallagher
- Department of Chemistry , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588-0304 , United States
| | - Andrzej Rajca
- Department of Chemistry , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588-0304 , United States
| | - Joris van Slageren
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , University of Stuttgart , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Maria Benedetta Casu
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry , University of Tübingen , 72076 Tübingen , Germany
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Gao F, Teplyakov AV. Monolayer of Hydrazine Facilitates the Direct Covalent Attachment of C 60 Fullerene to a Silicon Surface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:8632-8639. [PMID: 28157324 PMCID: PMC5554729 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b03975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The development of oxygen-free organic-inorganic interfaces has led to new schemes for the functionalization of silicon surfaces with nitrogen-based chemical groups. However, building layers of large structures directly on this functionalized surface has remained elusive. This work confirms the path to form a stable interface between silicon and buckminsterfullerene C60 based on covalent chemical bonds. The starting point for this modification is the hydrazine-reacted Si(111) surface with the diamine functionality, which is further reacted directly with the C60 molecules. The chemistry of this process is confirmed spectroscopically and microscopically and can be used to form organic-inorganic interfaces separated by a single layer of nitrogen.
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7
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Totani R, Grazioli C, Zhang T, Bidermane I, Lüder J, de Simone M, Coreno M, Brena B, Lozzi L, Puglia C. Electronic structure investigation of biphenylene films. J Chem Phys 2017; 146:054705. [PMID: 28178795 DOI: 10.1063/1.4975104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Photoelectron Spectroscopy (PS) and Near-Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy have been used to investigate the occupied and empty density of states of biphenylene films of different thicknesses, deposited onto a Cu(111) crystal. The obtained results have been compared to previous gas phase spectra and single molecule Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations to get insights into the possible modification of the molecular electronic structure in the film induced by the adsorption on a surface. Furthermore, NEXAFS measurements allowed characterizing the variation of the molecular arrangement with the film thickness and helped to clarify the substrate-molecule interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Totani
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, via Vetoio, 67100 Coppito L'Aquila, Italy
| | - C Grazioli
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - T Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - I Bidermane
- Institute Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin, Albert-Einstein St. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - J Lüder
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M de Simone
- CNR-IOM,S.S. 14 km 163.5, I-34149 Trieste, Basovizza, Italy
| | - M Coreno
- CNR-ISM, S.S. 14 km 163.5, I-34149 Trieste, Basovizza, Italy
| | - B Brena
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - L Lozzi
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, via Vetoio, 67100 Coppito L'Aquila, Italy
| | - C Puglia
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
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Bao D, Gao P, Shen X, Chang C, Wang L, Wang Y, Chen Y, Zhou X, Sun S, Li G, Yang P. Mechanical ball-milling preparation of fullerene/cobalt core/shell nanocomposites with high electrochemical hydrogen storage ability. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:2902-2909. [PMID: 24498904 DOI: 10.1021/am405458u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The design and synthesis of new hydrogen storage nanomaterials with high capacity at low cost is extremely desirable but remains challenging for today's development of hydrogen economy. Because of the special honeycomb structures and excellent physical and chemical characters, fullerenes have been extensively considered as ideal materials for hydrogen storage materials. To take the most advantage of its distinctive symmetrical carbon cage structure, we have uniformly coated C60's surface with metal cobalt in nanoscale to form a core/shell structure through a simple ball-milling process in this work. The X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Raman spectra, high-solution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX) elemental mappings, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements have been conducted to evaluate the size and the composition of the composites. In addition, the blue shift of C60 pentagonal pinch mode demonstrates the formation of Co-C chemical bond, and which enhances the stability of the as-obtained nanocomposites. And their electrochemical experimental results demonstrate that the as-obtained C60/Co composites have excellent electrochemical hydrogen storage cycle reversibility and considerably high hydrogen storage capacities of 907 mAh/g (3.32 wt % hydrogen) under room temperature and ambient pressure, which is very close to the theoretical hydrogen storage capacities of individual metal Co (3.33 wt % hydrogen). Furthermore, their hydrogen storage processes and the mechanism have also been investigated, in which the quasi-reversible C60/Co↔C60/Co-Hx reaction is the dominant cycle process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Bao
- Micro & Nano Material Research Institute, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, and ‡College of Science Harbin Engineering University , Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P. R. China
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9
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Rocco MLM, Haeming M, Batchelor DR, Fink R, Schöll A, Umbach E. Electronic relaxation effects in condensed polyacenes: A high-resolution photoemission study. J Chem Phys 2009; 129:074702. [PMID: 19044787 DOI: 10.1063/1.2966356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a high-resolution photoelectron spectroscopy investigation of condensed films of benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, tetracene, and pentacene. High spectroscopic resolution and a systematic variation of the molecular size allow a detailed analysis of the fine structures. The line shapes of the C 1s main lines are analyzed with respect to the different contributions of inhomogeneous broadening, vibronic coupling, and chemical shifts. The shake-up satellite spectra reveal trends, which give insight into the charge redistribution within the molecule upon photoexcitation. In particular, the shake-up between the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) increases in intensity and moves closer toward the C 1s main line if the size of the aromatic system is increased. An explanation is given on the basis of the delocalization of the aromatic system and its capability in screening the photogenerated core hole. A comparison of the HOMO-LUMO shake-up position to the optical band gap gives additional insight into the reorganization of the electronic system upon photoexcitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L M Rocco
- Instituto de Quimica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Ilha do Fundao, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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10
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Felicissimo MP, Jarzab D, Gorgoi M, Forster M, Scherf U, Scharber MC, Svensson S, Rudolf P, Loi MA. Determination of vertical phase separation in a polyfluorene copolymer: fullerene derivative solar cell blend by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/b906297a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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11
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Gao B, Wu Z, Luo Y. A density functional theory study of shake-up satellites in photoemission of carbon fullerenes and nanotubes. J Chem Phys 2008; 128:234704. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2943676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Zahn DRT, Gavrila GN, Salvan G. Electronic and Vibrational Spectroscopies Applied to Organic/Inorganic Interfaces. Chem Rev 2007; 107:1161-232. [PMID: 17428025 DOI: 10.1021/cr050141p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dietrich R T Zahn
- Institut für Physik, Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany
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13
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Reinke P, Feldermann H, Oelhafen P. C60 bonding to graphite and boron nitride surfaces. J Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1625914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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14
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Persson P, Lunell S, Szöke A, Ziaja B, Hajdu J. Shake-up and shake-off excitations with associated electron losses in X-ray studies of proteins. Protein Sci 2001; 10:2480-4. [PMID: 11714915 PMCID: PMC2374029 DOI: 10.1110/ps.ps.26201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Photoionization of an atom by X-rays usually removes an inner shell electron from the atom, leaving behind a perturbed "hollow ion" whose relaxation may take different routes. In light elements, emission of an Auger electron is common. However, the energy and the total number of electrons released from the atom may be modulated by shake-up and shake-off effects. When the inner shell electron leaves, the outer shell electrons may find themselves in a state that is not an eigen-state of the atom in its surroundings. The resulting collective excitation is called shake-up. If this process also involves the release of low energy electrons from the outer shell, then the process is called shake-off. It is not clear how significant shake-up and shake-off contributions are to the overall ionization of biological materials like proteins. In particular, the interaction between the outgoing electron and the remaining system depends on the chemical environment of the atom, which can be studied by quantum chemical methods. Here we present calculations on model compounds to represent the most common chemical environments in proteins. The results show that the shake-up and shake-off processes affect approximately 20% of all emissions from nitrogen, 30% from carbon, 40% from oxygen, and 23% from sulfur. Triple and higher ionizations are rare for carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen, but are frequent for sulfur. The findings are relevant to the design of biological experiments at emerging X-ray free-electron lasers.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Persson
- Department of Quantum Chemistry, Uppsala University, S-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
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16
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Ishida T, Mizutani W, Choi N, Akiba U, Fujihira M, Tokumoto H. Structural Effects on Electrical Conduction of Conjugated Molecules Studied by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy. J Phys Chem B 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0018450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takao Ishida
- Joint Research Center for Atom Technology (JRCAT), National Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (NAIR), 1-1-4 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8562, Japan, PRESTO-Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan, JRCAT-Angstrom Technology Partnership (ATP), 1-1-4 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0046, Japan, and Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Faculty of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta,
| | - Wataru Mizutani
- Joint Research Center for Atom Technology (JRCAT), National Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (NAIR), 1-1-4 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8562, Japan, PRESTO-Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan, JRCAT-Angstrom Technology Partnership (ATP), 1-1-4 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0046, Japan, and Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Faculty of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta,
| | - Nami Choi
- Joint Research Center for Atom Technology (JRCAT), National Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (NAIR), 1-1-4 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8562, Japan, PRESTO-Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan, JRCAT-Angstrom Technology Partnership (ATP), 1-1-4 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0046, Japan, and Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Faculty of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta,
| | - Uichi Akiba
- Joint Research Center for Atom Technology (JRCAT), National Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (NAIR), 1-1-4 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8562, Japan, PRESTO-Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan, JRCAT-Angstrom Technology Partnership (ATP), 1-1-4 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0046, Japan, and Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Faculty of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta,
| | - Masamichi Fujihira
- Joint Research Center for Atom Technology (JRCAT), National Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (NAIR), 1-1-4 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8562, Japan, PRESTO-Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan, JRCAT-Angstrom Technology Partnership (ATP), 1-1-4 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0046, Japan, and Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Faculty of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta,
| | - Hiroshi Tokumoto
- Joint Research Center for Atom Technology (JRCAT), National Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (NAIR), 1-1-4 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8562, Japan, PRESTO-Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan, JRCAT-Angstrom Technology Partnership (ATP), 1-1-4 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0046, Japan, and Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Faculty of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta,
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Affiliation(s)
- Petter Persson
- Department of Quantum Chemistry, Uppsala University, Box 518, S‐751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
- University College of Gävle, Gävle, Sweden
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Persson P, Lunell S, Brühwiler PA, Schnadt J, Södergren S, O’Shea JN, Karis O, Siegbahn H, Mårtensson N, Bässler M, Patthey L. N 1s x-ray absorption study of the bonding interaction of bi-isonicotinic acid adsorbed on rutile TiO2(110). J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.480945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Luzanov AV, Ivanov VV. C1s core shake up photoelectron spectra of fullerenes C60, C70, and C80 in the tamm-dancoff π-electron model. J STRUCT CHEM+ 1999. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02700706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Turner NH, Schreifels JA. Surface Analysis: X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Auger Electron Spectroscopy. Anal Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/a19800139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noel H. Turner
- Chemistry Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375-5342
| | - John A. Schreifels
- Department of Chemistry, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22030
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Enkvist C, Lunell S, Svensson S. Experimental and theoretical study of the Cls shakeup spectra from biphenyl and p-terphenyl. Chem Phys 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-0104(96)00295-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Ahuja R, Brühwiler PA, Wills JM, Johansson B, Mårtensson N, Eriksson O. Theoretical and experimental study of the graphite 1s x-ray absorption edges. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 54:14396-14404. [PMID: 9985445 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.54.14396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Rotenberg E, Enkvist C, Brühwiler PA, Maxwell AJ, Mårtensson N. Local-field effects on photoemission of C60. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 54:R5279-R5282. [PMID: 9986588 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.54.r5279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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