1
|
Kannan G, Chien JR, Benjamin AJ, Bhatia N, Saykally RJ. Rydberg States of H 3 and HeH as Potential Coolants for Primordial Star Formation. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:4267-4275. [PMID: 33792328 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c10983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Current theory and measurements establish the age of the universe as ca. 13.8 billion years. For the first several hundred million years of its existence, it was a dark, opaque void. After that, the hydrogen atoms comprising most of the "ordinary" matter began to condense and ionize, eventually forming the first stars that would illuminate the sky. Details of how these "primordial" stars formed have been widely debated, but remain elusive. A central issue in this process is the mechanism by which the primordial gas (mainly hydrogen and helium atoms) collected via the action of dark matter cooled and further accreted to fusion densities. Current models invoke collisional excitation of H2 molecular rotations and subsequent radiative rotational transitions allowed by the weak molecular quadrupole moment. In this work, we review the salient considerations and present some new ideas, based on recent spectroscopic observations of neutral H3 Rydberg electronic state emission in the mid-infrared region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gokul Kannan
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jeremy R Chien
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Anthony J Benjamin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Niranjan Bhatia
- Monta Vista High School, 21840 McClellan Road, Cupertino, California 95014, United States
| | - Richard J Saykally
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shapko D, Dohnal P, Kassayová M, Kálosi Á, Rednyk S, Roučka Š, Plašil R, Augustovičová LD, Johnsen R, Špirko V, Glosík J. Dissociative recombination of N 2H + ions with electrons in the temperature range of 80-350 K. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:024301. [PMID: 31941287 DOI: 10.1063/1.5128330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombination of N2H+ ions with electrons was studied using a stationary afterglow with a cavity ring-down spectrometer. We probed in situ the time evolutions of number densities of different rotational and vibrational states of recombining N2H+ ions and determined the thermal recombination rate coefficients for N2H+ in the temperature range of 80-350 K. The newly calculated vibrational transition moments of N2H+ are used to explain the different values of recombination rate coefficients obtained in some of the previous studies. No statistically significant dependence of the measured recombination rate coefficient on the buffer gas number density was observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dmytro Shapko
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Dohnal
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslava Kassayová
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ábel Kálosi
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Serhiy Rednyk
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Štěpán Roučka
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Plašil
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie D Augustovičová
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Chemical Physics and Optics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Rainer Johnsen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - Vladimír Špirko
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Chemical Physics and Optics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Juraj Glosík
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dohnal P, Shapko D, Kálosi Á, Kassayová M, Roučka Š, Rednyk S, Plašil R, Hejduk M, Glosík J. Towards state selective recombination of H 3+ under astrophysically relevant conditions. Faraday Discuss 2019; 217:220-234. [PMID: 31016318 DOI: 10.1039/c8fd00214b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We present studies on the thermalisation of H3+ ions in a cold He/Ar/H2 plasma at temperatures 30-70 K. We show that we are able to generate a rotationally thermalised H3+ ensemble with a population of rotational and nuclear spin states corresponding to a particular ion translational temperature. By varying the para-H2 fraction used in the experiment we are able to produce para-H3+ ions with fractional populations higher than those corresponding to thermodynamic values. At 35 K, only the lowest rotational states of para and ortho H3+ are populated. This is the first step towards experimental studies of electron-molecular ion recombination processes with precisely specified quantum states at astrophysically relevant temperatures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petr Dohnal
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Charles University, V Holešovičkách 2, 180 00 Praha 8-Libeň, Czech Republic.
| | - Dmytro Shapko
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Charles University, V Holešovičkách 2, 180 00 Praha 8-Libeň, Czech Republic.
| | - Ábel Kálosi
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Charles University, V Holešovičkách 2, 180 00 Praha 8-Libeň, Czech Republic.
| | - Miroslava Kassayová
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Charles University, V Holešovičkách 2, 180 00 Praha 8-Libeň, Czech Republic.
| | - Štěpán Roučka
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Charles University, V Holešovičkách 2, 180 00 Praha 8-Libeň, Czech Republic.
| | - Serhiy Rednyk
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Charles University, V Holešovičkách 2, 180 00 Praha 8-Libeň, Czech Republic.
| | - Radek Plašil
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Charles University, V Holešovičkách 2, 180 00 Praha 8-Libeň, Czech Republic.
| | - Michal Hejduk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK
| | - Juraj Glosík
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Charles University, V Holešovičkách 2, 180 00 Praha 8-Libeň, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Plašil R, Dohnal P, Kálosi Á, Roučka Š, Shapko D, Rednyk S, Johnsen R, Glosík J. Stationary afterglow apparatus with CRDS for study of processes in plasmas from 300 K down to 30 K. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2018; 89:063116. [PMID: 29960549 DOI: 10.1063/1.5036834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A cryogenic stationary afterglow apparatus equipped with a near-infrared cavity-ring-down-spectrometer (Cryo-SA-CRDS) for studies of electron-ion recombination processes in the plasma at temperatures 30-300 K has been designed, constructed, tested, and put into operation. The plasma is generated in a sapphire discharge tube that is contained in a microwave cavity. The cavity and the tube are attached to the second stage of the cold head of the cryocooler system, and they are inserted to an UHV chamber with mirrors for CRDS and vacuum windows on both ends of the tube. The temperature of the discharge tube can be made as low as 25 K. In initial test measurements, the discharge was ignited in He/Ar/H2 or He/H2 gas mixtures and the density of H3+ ions and their kinetic and rotational temperatures were measured during the discharge and afterglow. From the measured decrease in the ion density, during the afterglow, effective recombination rate coefficients were determined. Plasma relaxation was studied in He/Ar gas mixtures by monitoring the presence of highly excited argon atoms. The spectroscopic measurements demonstrated that the kinetic temperature of the ions is equal to the gas temperature and that it can be varied from 300 K down to 30 K.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Plašil
- Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - P Dohnal
- Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Á Kálosi
- Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Š Roučka
- Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - D Shapko
- Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - S Rednyk
- Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - R Johnsen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - J Glosík
- Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dohnal P, Kálosi Á, Plašil R, Roučka Š, Kovalenko A, Rednyk S, Johnsen R, Glosík J. Binary and ternary recombination of H2D+ and HD2+ ions with electrons at 80 K. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:23549-53. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp04152c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The recombination of deuterated trihydrogen cations with electrons was studied at 80 K using stationary afterglow with cavity ring-down spectroscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petr Dohnal
- Department of Surface and Plasma Science
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics
- Charles University in Prague
- Prague
- Czech Republic
| | - Ábel Kálosi
- Department of Surface and Plasma Science
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics
- Charles University in Prague
- Prague
- Czech Republic
| | - Radek Plašil
- Department of Surface and Plasma Science
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics
- Charles University in Prague
- Prague
- Czech Republic
| | - Štěpán Roučka
- Department of Surface and Plasma Science
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics
- Charles University in Prague
- Prague
- Czech Republic
| | - Artem Kovalenko
- Department of Surface and Plasma Science
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics
- Charles University in Prague
- Prague
- Czech Republic
| | - Serhiy Rednyk
- Department of Surface and Plasma Science
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics
- Charles University in Prague
- Prague
- Czech Republic
| | - Rainer Johnsen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
- University of Pittsburgh
- Pittsburgh
- USA
| | - Juraj Glosík
- Department of Surface and Plasma Science
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics
- Charles University in Prague
- Prague
- Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hejduk M, Dohnal P, Rubovič P, Kálosi Á, Plašil R, Johnsen R, Glosík J. Flowing-afterglow study of electron-ion recombination of para–H3+ and ortho–H3+ ions at temperatures from 60 K to 300 K. J Chem Phys 2015; 143:044303. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4927094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michal Hejduk
- Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague, Prague 18000, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Dohnal
- Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague, Prague 18000, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Rubovič
- Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague, Prague 18000, Czech Republic
| | - Ábel Kálosi
- Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague, Prague 18000, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Plašil
- Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague, Prague 18000, Czech Republic
| | - Rainer Johnsen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - Juraj Glosík
- Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague, Prague 18000, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Glosík J, Hejduk M, Dohnal P, Rubovič P, Kálosi Á, Plašil R. State selective study of H3+recombination in Cryo-FALP and SA-CRDS experiments at 77 K. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2015. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20158401002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
|
8
|
|
9
|
Roueff E, Lique F. Molecular Excitation in the Interstellar Medium: Recent Advances in Collisional, Radiative, and Chemical Processes. Chem Rev 2013; 113:8906-38. [DOI: 10.1021/cr400145a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Evelyne Roueff
- Laboratoire
Univers et Théories, Observatoire de Paris, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - François Lique
- LOMC - UMR 6294, CNRS-Université du Havre, 25 rue Philippe Lebon, BP 540, 76058 Le Havre, France
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Nakashima H, Nakatsuji H. Non-Born-Oppenheimer potential energy curve: Hydrogen molecular ion with highly accurate free complement method. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:074105. [PMID: 23968070 DOI: 10.1063/1.4818161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the concept of a potential energy curve (PEC) originates from the outgrowth of the Born-Oppenheimer (BO) approximation, we propose the application of analysis methods for the physical PEC with non-Born-Oppenheimer (non-BO) wave functions. A numerical examination was performed with the highly accurate non-BO vibronic wave functions of hydrogen molecular ion, which were obtained in our previous studies with the free complement method. The reduced density function integrated over the electron coordinates plays an important role in understanding nuclear motion dynamics, since it corresponds to the wave function density of the vibrational and rotational motions. The maximum positions of this density indicate the high existence probability of nuclei and can be considered as a discrete representation of the PEC. Whereas an ordinary PEC with the BO approximation is obtained as a numeric curve after multiple electronic state calculations at fixed nuclear coordinates, we propose a new analytical expression of the PEC from a non-BO wave function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Nakashima
- Quantum Chemistry Research Institute, JST, CREST, Kyodai Katsura Venture Plaza 107, Goryo Oohara 1-36, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8245, Japan.
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gerin M, de Luca M, Lis DC, Kramer C, Navarro S, Neufeld D, Indriolo N, Godard B, Le Petit F, Peng R, Phillips TG, Roueff E. Determination of the Ortho to Para Ratio of H2Cl+ and H2O+ from Submillimeter Observations. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:10018-26. [DOI: 10.1021/jp4004533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maryvonne Gerin
- LERMA, Observatoire de Paris, ENS, and UMR8112 du CNRS, 24 rue Lhomond,
Paris 75231 cedex 05, France
| | - Massimo de Luca
- LERMA, Observatoire de Paris, ENS, and UMR8112 du CNRS, 24 rue Lhomond,
Paris 75231 cedex 05, France
| | - Dariusz C. Lis
- MC301-17, Cahill Center for
Astronomy and Astrophysics, CalTech, Pasadena,
California 91125, United States
| | - Carsten Kramer
- IRAM, Instituto de RadioAstronomìa Milimétrica, Avenida Divina
Pastora, 7, Núcleo CentralE 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Santiago Navarro
- IRAM, Instituto de RadioAstronomìa Milimétrica, Avenida Divina
Pastora, 7, Núcleo CentralE 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - David Neufeld
- Department of Physics
and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Nick Indriolo
- Department of Physics
and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Benjamin Godard
- LUTH, Observatoire de Paris and UMR8102 du CNRS, Place J. Janssen, 92190
Meudon, France
| | - Franck Le Petit
- LUTH, Observatoire de Paris and UMR8102 du CNRS, Place J. Janssen, 92190
Meudon, France
| | - Ruisheng Peng
- MC301-17, Cahill Center for
Astronomy and Astrophysics, CalTech, Pasadena,
California 91125, United States
| | - Thomas G. Phillips
- MC301-17, Cahill Center for
Astronomy and Astrophysics, CalTech, Pasadena,
California 91125, United States
| | - Evelyne Roueff
- LUTH, Observatoire de Paris and UMR8102 du CNRS, Place J. Janssen, 92190
Meudon, France
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle N. Crabtree
- Harvard−Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts
02138, United States
| | - Benjamin J. McCall
- Departments
of Chemistry, Astronomy, and Physics, University of Illinois, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Rubovič P, Dohnal P, Hejduk M, Plašil R, Glosík J. Binary Recombination of H3+ and D3+ Ions with Electrons in Plasma at 50–230 K. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:9626-32. [DOI: 10.1021/jp3123192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Rubovič
- Department of Surface
and Plasma Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague 18000, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Dohnal
- Department of Surface
and Plasma Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague 18000, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Hejduk
- Department of Surface
and Plasma Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague 18000, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Plašil
- Department of Surface
and Plasma Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague 18000, Czech Republic
| | - Juraj Glosík
- Department of Surface
and Plasma Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague 18000, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Johnsen R, Rubovič P, Dohnal P, Hejduk M, Plašil R, Glosík J. Ternary Recombination of H3+ and D3+ with Electrons in He–H2 (D2) Plasmas at Temperatures from 50 to 300 K. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:9477-85. [DOI: 10.1021/jp311978n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Johnsen
- Department of Physics
and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - P. Rubovič
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - P. Dohnal
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M. Hejduk
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - R. Plašil
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J. Glosík
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Dohnal P, Hejduk M, Rubovič P, Varju J, Roučka Š, Plašil R, Glosík J. Binary and ternary recombination of D3+ ions at 80–130 K: Application of laser absorption spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2012. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4767396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
16
|
Dohnal P, Hejduk M, Varju J, Rubovic P, Roucka S, Kotrík T, Plasil R, Johnsen R, Glosík J. Binary recombination of para- and ortho-H3+ with electrons at low temperatures. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2012; 370:5101-5108. [PMID: 23028157 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2012.0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Results of an experimental study of binary recombination of para- and ortho-H(3)(+) ions with electrons are presented. Near-infrared cavity-ring-down absorption spectroscopy was used to probe the lowest rotational states of H(3)(+) ions in the temperature range of 77-200 K in an H(3)(+)-dominated afterglow plasma. By changing the para/ortho abundance ratio, we were able to obtain the binary recombination rate coefficients for pure and para-H(3)(+) and ortho-H(3)(+). The results are in good agreement with previous theoretical predictions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Dohnal
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|