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Heimler K, Gottschalk C, Vogt C. Confocal micro X-ray fluorescence analysis for the non-destructive investigation of structured and inhomogeneous samples. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023:10.1007/s00216-023-04829-x. [PMID: 37482571 PMCID: PMC10404190 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04829-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Confocal micro X-ray fluorescence (CMXRF) spectroscopy is a non-destructive, depth-resolved, and element-specific technique that is used to analyze the elemental composition of a sample. For this, a focused beam of mono- or polychromatic X-rays is applied to excite the atoms in the sample, causing them to emit fluorescence radiation which is detected with focusing capillary optics. The confocal design of the instrument allows for depth-resolved analysis, in most cases with a resolution in the lower micrometer dimension after collecting X-rays from a predefined volume within the sample. The element-specific nature of the technique allows information to be obtained about the presence and concentration of specific elements in this volume. This makes CMXRF spectroscopy a valuable tool for a wide range of applications, especially when samples with an inhomogeneous distribution of elements and a relatively light matrix have to be analyzed, which are typical examples in materials science, geology, and biology. The technique is also commonly used in the art and archaeology fields to analyze the elemental composition of historical artifacts and works of art, helping to provide valuable insights into their provenance, composition, and making. Recent technical developments to increase sensitivity and efforts to improve quantification in three-dimensional samples will encourage wider use of this method across a multitude of fields of application in the near future. Confocal micro X-ray fluorescence (CMXRF) is based on the confocal overlap of two polycapillary lens foci, creating a depth-sensitive and non-destructive probing volume. Three-dimensional resolved element distribution images can be obtained by measuring the fluorescence intensity as function of the three-dimensional position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Korbinian Heimler
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Str. 29, 09599, Freiberg, Germany
| | - Christine Gottschalk
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Str. 29, 09599, Freiberg, Germany
- AMINO GmbH, An der Zucker-Raffinerie 9, 38373, Frellstedt, Germany
| | - Carla Vogt
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Str. 29, 09599, Freiberg, Germany.
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2
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Cappuccio G, Dabagov S, Guglielmotti V, Hampai D, Martini M, Mazzuca C, Micheli L, Redi M. PolyCO in XRF analysis: Fundamental Parameter Method applied for Japanese Buddhist scroll studies. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2021.109660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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3
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Ingerle D, Swies J, Iro M, Wobrauschek P, Streli C, Hradil K. A monochromatic confocal micro-x-ray fluorescence (μXRF) spectrometer for the lab. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2020; 91:123107. [PMID: 33379984 DOI: 10.1063/5.0028830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Confocal micro-x-ray fluorescence (μXRF) is a powerful tool to analyze the spatial distribution of major, minor, and trace elements in three dimensions. Typical (confocal) μXRF measurements in the lab use polychromatic excitation, complicating quantification and fundamental parameter-based corrections and furthermore deteriorating peak-to-background ratios due to scattered bremsstrahlung. The goal for the new setup was to remedy these problems, without sacrificing spatial resolution, and keep it flexible for different excitation energies and transportation to other sources. The source assembly consists of a water-cooled fine-focus x-ray diffraction tube and a parallel beam-mirror, which produces a quasi-parallel, monochromatic beam. The presented results were obtained using a 2 kW molybdenum tube and a mirror for Mo-Kα. The confocal setup itself consists of two polycapillary half-lenses, one for the source side and the other for the detector side, where a 50 mm2 silicon drift detector is mounted. Both polycapillaries have a focus size of ∼15 μm for Mo-Kα. The second polycapillary can also be exchanged for a custom-designed collimator in order to perform non-confocal μXRF. Details of the technical setup and results from technical and biological samples are presented. Detection limits for selected elements from Ca to Pb in the confocal and non-confocal mode were established (e.g., 1 μg/g non-confocal and 20 μg/g confocal for As) using the NIST standard reference materials (SRMs) 621 and 1412. Furthermore, the results of the measurements of SRM 621 were evaluated using the fundamental parameter based quantification software ATI-QUANT. The results are compared with the certified values and generally are in good agreement.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ingerle
- Atominstitut, TU Wien, Stadionallee 2, 1020 Vienna, Austria
| | - J Swies
- Atominstitut, TU Wien, Stadionallee 2, 1020 Vienna, Austria
| | - M Iro
- Atominstitut, TU Wien, Stadionallee 2, 1020 Vienna, Austria
| | - P Wobrauschek
- Atominstitut, TU Wien, Stadionallee 2, 1020 Vienna, Austria
| | - C Streli
- Atominstitut, TU Wien, Stadionallee 2, 1020 Vienna, Austria
| | - K Hradil
- X-Ray Center, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
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4
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Baveye PC, Otten W, Kravchenko A, Balseiro-Romero M, Beckers É, Chalhoub M, Darnault C, Eickhorst T, Garnier P, Hapca S, Kiranyaz S, Monga O, Mueller CW, Nunan N, Pot V, Schlüter S, Schmidt H, Vogel HJ. Emergent Properties of Microbial Activity in Heterogeneous Soil Microenvironments: Different Research Approaches Are Slowly Converging, Yet Major Challenges Remain. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1929. [PMID: 30210462 PMCID: PMC6119716 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last 60 years, soil microbiologists have accumulated a wealth of experimental data showing that the bulk, macroscopic parameters (e.g., granulometry, pH, soil organic matter, and biomass contents) commonly used to characterize soils provide insufficient information to describe quantitatively the activity of soil microorganisms and some of its outcomes, like the emission of greenhouse gasses. Clearly, new, more appropriate macroscopic parameters are needed, which reflect better the spatial heterogeneity of soils at the microscale (i.e., the pore scale) that is commensurate with the habitat of many microorganisms. For a long time, spectroscopic and microscopic tools were lacking to quantify processes at that scale, but major technological advances over the last 15 years have made suitable equipment available to researchers. In this context, the objective of the present article is to review progress achieved to date in the significant research program that has ensued. This program can be rationalized as a sequence of steps, namely the quantification and modeling of the physical-, (bio)chemical-, and microbiological properties of soils, the integration of these different perspectives into a unified theory, its upscaling to the macroscopic scale, and, eventually, the development of new approaches to measure macroscopic soil characteristics. At this stage, significant progress has been achieved on the physical front, and to a lesser extent on the (bio)chemical one as well, both in terms of experiments and modeling. With regard to the microbial aspects, although a lot of work has been devoted to the modeling of bacterial and fungal activity in soils at the pore scale, the appropriateness of model assumptions cannot be readily assessed because of the scarcity of relevant experimental data. For significant progress to be made, it is crucial to make sure that research on the microbial components of soil systems does not keep lagging behind the work on the physical and (bio)chemical characteristics. Concerning the subsequent steps in the program, very little integration of the various disciplinary perspectives has occurred so far, and, as a result, researchers have not yet been able to tackle the scaling up to the macroscopic level. Many challenges, some of them daunting, remain on the path ahead. Fortunately, a number of these challenges may be resolved by brand new measuring equipment that will become commercially available in the very near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe C. Baveye
- UMR ECOSYS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Thiverval-Grignon, rance
| | - Wilfred Otten
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra Kravchenko
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - María Balseiro-Romero
- UMR ECOSYS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Thiverval-Grignon, rance
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Centre for Research in Environmental Technologies, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Éléonore Beckers
- Soil–Water–Plant Exchanges, Terra Research Centre, BIOSE, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Maha Chalhoub
- UMR ECOSYS, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Christophe Darnault
- Laboratory of Hydrogeoscience and Biological Engineering, L.G. Rich Environmental Laboratory, Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
| | - Thilo Eickhorst
- Faculty 2 Biology/Chemistry, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Patricia Garnier
- UMR ECOSYS, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Simona Hapca
- Dundee Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Serkan Kiranyaz
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Olivier Monga
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Bondy, France
| | - Carsten W. Mueller
- Lehrstuhl für Bodenkunde, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Naoise Nunan
- Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences – Paris, Sorbonne Universités, CNRS, IRD, INRA, P7, UPEC, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Pot
- UMR ECOSYS, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Steffen Schlüter
- Soil System Science, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Umweltforschung GmbH – UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hannes Schmidt
- Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Research Network ‘Chemistry meets Microbiology’, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hans-Jörg Vogel
- Soil System Science, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Umweltforschung GmbH – UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
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5
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Imaging of alumina supports by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy: A new tool to understand the diffusion of trace metal impurities. J Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2018.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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6
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Mantouvalou I, Lachmann T, Singh SP, Vogel-Mikuš K, Kanngießer B. Advanced Absorption Correction for 3D Elemental Images Applied to the Analysis of Pearl Millet Seeds Obtained with a Laboratory Confocal Micro X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometer. Anal Chem 2017; 89:5453-5460. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b00373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Mantouvalou
- Institute
for Optics and Atomic Physics, Technical University of Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tim Lachmann
- Institute
for Optics and Atomic Physics, Technical University of Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sudhir P. Singh
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing India, Mohali, Punjab India - 160071
| | - Katarina Vogel-Mikuš
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Jozef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Birgit Kanngießer
- Institute
for Optics and Atomic Physics, Technical University of Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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7
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Sowa KM, Last A, Korecki P. Grid-enhanced X-ray coded aperture microscopy with polycapillary optics. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44944. [PMID: 28322316 PMCID: PMC5359553 DOI: 10.1038/srep44944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycapillary devices focus X-rays by means of multiple reflections of X-rays in arrays of bent glass capillaries. The size of the focal spot (typically 10-100 μm) limits the resolution of scanning, absorption and phase-contrast X-ray imaging using these devices. At the expense of a moderate resolution, polycapillary elements provide high intensity and are frequently used for X-ray micro-imaging with both synchrotrons and X-ray tubes. Recent studies have shown that the internal microstructure of such an optics can be used as a coded aperture that encodes high-resolution information about objects located inside the focal spot. However, further improvements to this variant of X-ray microscopy will require the challenging fabrication of tailored devices with a well-defined capillary microstructure. Here, we show that submicron coded aperture microscopy can be realized using a periodic grid that is placed at the output surface of a polycapillary optics. Grid-enhanced X-ray coded aperture microscopy with polycapillary optics does not rely on the specific microstructure of the optics but rather takes advantage only of its focusing properties. Hence, submicron X-ray imaging can be realized with standard polycapillary devices and existing set-ups for micro X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna M. Sowa
- Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
| | - Arndt Last
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Paweł Korecki
- Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
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8
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Rauwolf M, Turyanskaya A, Roschger A, Prost J, Simon R, Scharf O, Radtke M, Schoonjans T, Guilherme Buzanich A, Klaushofer K, Wobrauschek P, Hofstaetter JG, Roschger P, Streli C. Synchrotron radiation micro X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy of thin structures in bone samples: comparison of confocal and color X-ray camera setups. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2017; 24:307-311. [PMID: 28009572 PMCID: PMC5182026 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577516017057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In the quest for finding the ideal synchrotron-radiation-induced imaging method for the investigation of trace element distributions in human bone samples, experiments were performed using both a scanning confocal synchrotron radiation micro X-ray fluorescence (SR-µXRF) (FLUO beamline at ANKA) setup and a full-field color X-ray camera (BAMline at BESSY-II) setup. As zinc is a trace element of special interest in bone, the setups were optimized for its detection. The setups were compared with respect to count rate, required measurement time and spatial resolution. It was demonstrated that the ideal method depends on the element of interest. Although for Ca (a major constituent of the bone with a low energy of 3.69 keV for its Kα XRF line) the color X-ray camera provided a higher resolution in the plane, for Zn (a trace element in bone) only the confocal SR-µXRF setup was able to sufficiently image the distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - A. Roschger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of WGKK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, Vienna, Austria
| | - J. Prost
- Atominstitut, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - R. Simon
- Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe/KIT, Institute for Synchrotron Radiation, ANKA, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - O. Scharf
- IFG Institute of Scientific Instruments GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - M. Radtke
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung, Berlin, Germany
| | - T. Schoonjans
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung, Berlin, Germany
| | - A. Guilherme Buzanich
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung, Berlin, Germany
| | - K. Klaushofer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of WGKK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - J. G. Hofstaetter
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of WGKK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, Vienna, Austria
- Orthopaedic Hospital Vienna-Speising, Vienna, Austria
| | - P. Roschger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of WGKK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, Vienna, Austria
| | - C. Streli
- Atominstitut, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
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9
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Lu H, He X, Meng J, Guo N, Rong C, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Gao D, Ma X, Shen H. Reconstruction of Ge spatial distribution in ICF target using PIXE-T. FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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10
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µXRF Elemental Mapping of Bioresorbable Magnesium-Based Implants in Bone. MATERIALS 2016; 9:ma9100811. [PMID: 28773933 PMCID: PMC5456597 DOI: 10.3390/ma9100811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Revised: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the distribution of the elemental constituents of Mg-based implants at various stages of the degradation process in surrounding bone tissue, with a focus on magnesium (Mg), as the main component of the alloy, and yttrium (Y), due to its potential adverse health effects. The measurements were performed on the implant-bearing thin sections of rat bone in a time series of implant degradation between one and 18 months. Micro X-ray fluorescence analysis (μXRF) with a special spectrometer meeting the requirements for the measurements of low-Z elements was used. It was found that the migration and accumulation behaviour of implant degradation products is element-specific. A sharp decrease in Mg was observed in the immediate vicinity of the interface and no specific accumulation or aggregation of Mg in the adjacent bone tissue was detected. By contrast, Y was found to migrate further into the bone over time and to remain in the tissue even after the complete degradation of the implant. Although the nature of Y accumulations must still be clarified, its potential health impact should be considered.
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11
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Kayser Y, Błachucki W, Dousse JC, Hoszowska J, Neff M, Romano V. Laboratory-based micro-X-ray fluorescence setup using a von Hamos crystal spectrometer and a focused beam X-ray tube. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2014; 85:043101. [PMID: 24784587 DOI: 10.1063/1.4869340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The high-resolution von Hamos bent crystal spectrometer of the University of Fribourg was upgraded with a focused X-ray beam source with the aim of performing micro-sized X-ray fluorescence (XRF) measurements in the laboratory. The focused X-ray beam source integrates a collimating optics mounted on a low-power micro-spot X-ray tube and a focusing polycapillary half-lens placed in front of the sample. The performances of the setup were probed in terms of spatial and energy resolution. In particular, the fluorescence intensity and energy resolution of the von Hamos spectrometer equipped with the novel micro-focused X-ray source and a standard high-power water-cooled X-ray tube were compared. The XRF analysis capability of the new setup was assessed by measuring the dopant distribution within the core of Er-doped SiO2 optical fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kayser
- Department of Physics, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - W Błachucki
- Department of Physics, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - J-Cl Dousse
- Department of Physics, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - J Hoszowska
- Department of Physics, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - M Neff
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - V Romano
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
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12
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Smolek S, Nakazawa T, Tabe A, Nakano K, Tsuji K, Streli C, Wobrauschek P. Comparison of two confocal micro-XRF spectrometers with different design aspects. X-RAY SPECTROMETRY : XRS 2014; 43:93-101. [PMID: 26430286 PMCID: PMC4579790 DOI: 10.1002/xrs.2521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Two different confocal micro X-ray fluorescence spectrometers have been developed and installed at Osaka City University and the Vienna University of Technology Atominstitut. The Osaka City University system is a high resolution spectrometer operating in air. The Vienna University of Technology Atominstitut spectrometer has a lower spatial resolution but is optimized for light element detection and operates under vacuum condition. The performance of both spectrometers was compared. In order to characterize the spatial resolution, a set of nine specially prepared single element thin film reference samples (500 nm in thickness, Al, Ti, Cr, Fe Ni, Cu, Zr, Mo, and Au) was used. Lower limits of detection were determined using the National Institute of Standards and Technology standard reference material glass standard 1412. A paint layer sample (cultural heritage application) and paint on automotive steel samples were analyzed with both instruments. The depth profile information was acquired by scanning the sample perpendicular to the surface. © 2013 The Authors. X-Ray Spectrometry published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Smolek
- Atominstitut, Vienna University of Technology1020, Wien, Austria
| | - T Nakazawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry & Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka City University3-3-138, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-85851, Japan
| | - A Tabe
- Department of Applied Chemistry & Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka City University3-3-138, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - K Nakano
- Department of Applied Chemistry & Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka City University3-3-138, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - K Tsuji
- Department of Applied Chemistry & Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka City University3-3-138, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - C Streli
- Atominstitut, Vienna University of Technology1020, Wien, Austria
| | - P Wobrauschek
- Atominstitut, Vienna University of Technology1020, Wien, Austria
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13
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Sun T, Macdonald CA. Full-field transmission x-ray imaging with confocal polycapillary x-ray optics. JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS 2013; 113:53104. [PMID: 23460760 PMCID: PMC3579863 DOI: 10.1063/1.4789799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A transmission x-ray imaging setup based on a confocal combination of a polycapillary focusing x-ray optic followed by a polycapillary collimating x-ray optic was designed and demonstrated to have good resolution, better than the unmagnified pixel size and unlimited by the x-ray tube spot size. This imaging setup has potential application in x-ray imaging for small samples, for example, for histology specimens.
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