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Sander MY, Zhu X. Infrared neuromodulation-a review. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2024; 87:066701. [PMID: 38701769 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ad4729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Infrared (IR) neuromodulation (INM) is an emerging light-based neuromodulation approach that can reversibly control neuronal and muscular activities through the transient and localized deposition of pulsed IR light without requiring any chemical or genetic pre-treatment of the target cells. Though the efficacy and short-term safety of INM have been widely demonstrated in both peripheral and central nervous systems, the investigations of the detailed cellular and biological processes and the underlying biophysical mechanisms are still ongoing. In this review, we discuss the current research progress in the INM field with a focus on the more recently discovered IR nerve inhibition. Major biophysical mechanisms associated with IR nerve stimulation are summarized. As the INM effects are primarily attributed to the spatiotemporal thermal transients induced by water and tissue absorption of pulsed IR light, temperature monitoring techniques and simulation models adopted in INM studies are discussed. Potential translational applications, current limitations, and challenges of the field are elucidated to provide guidance for future INM research and advancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Y Sander
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, 8 Saint Mary's Street, Boston, MA 02215, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 44 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, United States of America
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Boston University, 15 Saint Mary's Street, Brookline, MA 02446, United States of America
- Photonics Center, Boston University, 8 Saint Mary's Street, Boston, MA 02215, United States of America
- Neurophotonics Center, Boston University, 24 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, United States of America
| | - Xuedong Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 44 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, United States of America
- Photonics Center, Boston University, 8 Saint Mary's Street, Boston, MA 02215, United States of America
- Neurophotonics Center, Boston University, 24 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, United States of America
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2
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Nanocomposite Hydrogels as Functional Extracellular Matrices. Gels 2023; 9:gels9020153. [PMID: 36826323 PMCID: PMC9957407 DOI: 10.3390/gels9020153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Over recent years, nano-engineered materials have become an important component of artificial extracellular matrices. On one hand, these materials enable static enhancement of the bulk properties of cell scaffolds, for instance, they can alter mechanical properties or electrical conductivity, in order to better mimic the in vivo cell environment. Yet, many nanomaterials also exhibit dynamic, remotely tunable optical, electrical, magnetic, or acoustic properties, and therefore, can be used to non-invasively deliver localized, dynamic stimuli to cells cultured in artificial ECMs in three dimensions. Vice versa, the same, functional nanomaterials, can also report changing environmental conditions-whether or not, as a result of a dynamically applied stimulus-and as such provide means for wireless, long-term monitoring of the cell status inside the culture. In this review article, we present an overview of the technological advances regarding the incorporation of functional nanomaterials in artificial extracellular matrices, highlighting both passive and dynamically tunable nano-engineered components.
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Light-to-Heat Converting ECM-Mimetic Nanofiber Scaffolds for Neuronal Differentiation and Neurite Outgrowth Guidance. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12132166. [PMID: 35808000 PMCID: PMC9268234 DOI: 10.3390/nano12132166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The topological cues of fibrous scaffolds (in particular extracellular matrix (ECM)-mimetic nanofibers) have already proven to be a powerful tool for influencing neuronal morphology and behavior. Remote photothermal optical treatment provides additional opportunities for neuronal activity regulation. A combination of these approaches can provide “smart” 3D scaffolds for efficient axon guidance and neurite growth. In this study we propose two alternative approaches for obtaining biocompatible photothermal scaffolds: surface coating of nylon nanofibers with light-to-heat converting nanoparticles and nanoparticle incorporation inside the fibers. We have determined photoconversion efficiency of fibrous nanomaterials under near infrared (NIR) irradiation, as well as biocompatible photothermal treatment parameters. We also measured photo-induced intracellular heating upon contact of cells with a plasmonic surface. In the absence of NIR stimulation, our fibrous scaffolds with a fiber diameter of 100 nm induced an increase in the proportion of β3-tubulin positive cells, while thermal stimulation of neuroblastoma cells on nanoparticles-decorated scaffolds enhanced neurite outgrowth and promoted neuronal maturation. We demonstrate that contact guidance decorated fibers can stimulate directional growth of processes of differentiated neural cells. We studied the impact of nanoparticles on the surface of ECM-mimetic scaffolds on neurite elongation and axonal branching of rat hippocampal neurons, both as topographic cues and as local heat sources. We show that decorating the surface of nanofibers with nanoparticles does not affect the orientation of neurites, but leads to strong branching, an increase in the number of neurites per cell, and neurite elongation, which is independent of NIR stimulation. The effect of photothermal stimulation is most pronounced when cultivating neurons on nanofibers with incorporated nanoparticles, as compared to nanoparticle-coated fibers. The resulting light-to-heat converting 3D materials can be used as tools for controlled photothermal neuromodulation and as “smart” materials for reconstructive neurosurgery.
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An Y, Nam Y. Closed-loop control of neural spike rate of cultured neurons using a thermoplasmonics-based photothermal neural stimulation. J Neural Eng 2021; 18. [PMID: 34678786 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ac3265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective.Photothermal neural stimulation has been developed in a variety of interfaces as an alternative technology that can perturb neural activity. The demonstrations of these techniques have heavily relied on open-loop stimulation or complete suppression of neural activity. To extend the controllability of photothermal neural stimulation, combining it with a closed-loop system is required. In this work, we investigated whether photothermal suppression mechanism can be used in a closed-loop system to reliably modulate neural spike rate to non-zero setpoints.Approach. To incorporate the photothermal inhibition mechanism into the neural feedback system, we combined a thermoplasmonic stimulation platform based on gold nanorods (GNRs) and near-infrared illuminations (808 nm, spot size: 2 mm or 200μm in diameter) with a proportional-integral (PI) controller. The closed-loop feedback control system was implemented to track predetermined target spike rates of hippocampal neuronal networks cultured on GNR-coated microelectrode arrays.Main results. The closed-loop system for neural spike rate control was successfully implemented using a PI controller and the thermoplasmonic neural suppression platform. Compared to the open-loop control, the target-channel spike rates were precisely modulated to remain constant or change in a sinusoidal form in the range below baseline spike rates. The spike rate response behaviors were affected by the choice of the controller gain. We also demonstrated that the functional connectivity of a synchronized bursting network could be altered by controlling the spike rate of one of the participating channels.Significance.The thermoplasmonic feedback controller proved that it can precisely modulate neural spike rate of neural activityin vitro. This technology can be used for studying neuronal network dynamics and might provide insights in developing new neuromodulation techniques in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin An
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonkey Nam
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.,KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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5
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Damnjanovic R, Bazard P, Frisina RD, Bhethanabotla VR. Hybrid Electro-Plasmonic Neural Stimulation with Visible-Light-Sensitive Gold Nanoparticles. ACS NANO 2020; 14:10917-10928. [PMID: 32603090 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c00722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Biomedical prosthetics utilizing electrical stimulation have limited, effective spatial resolution due to spread of electrical currents to surrounding tissue, causing nonselective stimulation. So, precise spatial resolution is not possible for traditional neural prosthetic devices, such as cochlear implants. More recently, alternative methods utilize optical stimulation, mainly infrared, sometimes paired with nanotechnology for stimulating action potentials. Infrared stimulation has its own drawbacks, as it may cause collateral heating of surrounding tissue. In previous work, we employed a plasmonic method for stimulation of an electrically excitable neuroblastoma cell line, which had limited success. Here, we report the development of a hybrid electro-plasmonic stimulation platform for spatially and temporally precise neural excitation to address the above deficiencies. Primary trigeminal neurons were costimulated in vitro in a whole-cell patch-clamp configuration with subthreshold-level short-duration (1-5 ms) electrical and visible light pulses (1-5 ms). The visible light pulses were aimed at a gold-nanoparticle-coated nanoelectrode placed alongside the neuron, within 2 μm distance. Membrane action potentials were recorded with a 3-fold higher success rate and 5-fold better poststimulation cell recovery rate than with pure optical stimulation alone. Also, electrical stimulus current input was being reduced by up to 40%. The subthreshold levels of electrical stimuli in conjunction with visible light (532 nm) reliably triggered trains of action potentials. This single-cell hybrid activation was reliable and repeatable, without any damage as observed with pure optical stimulation. This work represents an empirical cellular study of the membrane action potential response produced by the cultured primary sensory trigeminal neurons when costimulated with plasmonic and electrical (hybrid) stimulation. Our hybrid neurostimulation method can be used toward development of high-acuity neural modulation prosthetic devices, tunable for individual needs, which would qualify as a preferred alternative over traditional electrical stimulation technologies.
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Pisano F, Pisanello M, De Vittorio M, Pisanello F. Single-cell micro- and nano-photonic technologies. J Neurosci Methods 2019; 325:108355. [PMID: 31319100 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2019.108355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Since the advent of optogenetics, the technology development has focused on new methods to optically interact with single nerve cells. This gave rise to the field of photonic neural interfaces, intended as the set of technologies that can modify light radiation in either a linear or non-linear fashion to control and/or monitor cellular functions. This set includes the use of plasmonic effects, up-conversion, electron transfer and integrated light steering, with some of them already implemented in vivo. This article will review available approaches in this framework, with a particular emphasis on methods operating at the single-unit level or having the potential to reach single-cell resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Pisano
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, Via Barsanti, 73010 Arnesano (Lecce), Italy
| | - Marco Pisanello
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, Via Barsanti, 73010 Arnesano (Lecce), Italy
| | - Massimo De Vittorio
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, Via Barsanti, 73010 Arnesano (Lecce), Italy; Dipartimento di Ingeneria dell'Innovazione, Università del Salento, via per Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Ferruccio Pisanello
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, Via Barsanti, 73010 Arnesano (Lecce), Italy.
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Sytnyk M, Jakešová M, Litviňuková M, Mashkov O, Kriegner D, Stangl J, Nebesářová J, Fecher FW, Schöfberger W, Sariciftci NS, Schindl R, Heiss W, Głowacki ED. Cellular interfaces with hydrogen-bonded organic semiconductor hierarchical nanocrystals. Nat Commun 2017; 8:91. [PMID: 28733618 PMCID: PMC5522432 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00135-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful formation of electronic interfaces between living cells and semiconductors hinges on being able to obtain an extremely close and high surface-area contact, which preserves both cell viability and semiconductor performance. To accomplish this, we introduce organic semiconductor assemblies consisting of a hierarchical arrangement of nanocrystals. These are synthesised via a colloidal chemical route that transforms the nontoxic commercial pigment quinacridone into various biomimetic three-dimensional arrangements of nanocrystals. Through a tuning of parameters such as precursor concentration, ligands and additives, we obtain complex size and shape control at room temperature. We elaborate hedgehog-shaped crystals comprising nanoscale needles or daggers that form intimate interfaces with the cell membrane, minimising the cleft with single cells without apparent detriment to viability. Excitation of such interfaces with light leads to effective cellular photostimulation. We find reversible light-induced conductance changes in ion-selective or temperature-gated channels.Nanomaterials that form a bioelectronic interface with cells are fascinating tools for controlling cellular behavior. Here, the authors photostimulate single cells with spiky assemblies of semiconducting quinacridone nanocrystals, whose nanoscale needles maximize electronic contact with the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mykhailo Sytnyk
- Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstraße 7, 91058, Erlangen,, Germany
- Energie Campus Nürnberg (EnCN), Fürtherstraße 250, 90429, Nürnberg,, Germany
| | - Marie Jakešová
- Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS), Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University, Altenbergerstraße 69, 4040, Linz,, Austria
- Institute for Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University, Gruberstraße 40, 4020, Linz,, Austria
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, ITN Campus Norrköping, Linköpings Universitet, Bredgatan 33, 60221, Norrköping,, Sweden
| | - Monika Litviňuková
- Institute for Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University, Gruberstraße 40, 4020, Linz,, Austria
| | - Oleksandr Mashkov
- Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstraße 7, 91058, Erlangen,, Germany
- Energie Campus Nürnberg (EnCN), Fürtherstraße 250, 90429, Nürnberg,, Germany
| | - Dominik Kriegner
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 5, Prague, 121162, Czech Republic
| | - Julian Stangl
- Institute of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, University Linz, Altenbergerstraße 69, Linz, 4040, Austria
| | - Jana Nebesářová
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences-Institute of Parasitology, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice, 37005, Czech Republic
| | - Frank W Fecher
- Bayerisches Zentrum für Angewandte Energieforschung (ZAE Bayern), Immerwahrstr. 2, 91058, Erlangen,, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schöfberger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University, Altenbergerstraße 69, 4040, Linz,, Austria
| | - Niyazi Serdar Sariciftci
- Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS), Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University, Altenbergerstraße 69, 4040, Linz,, Austria
| | - Rainer Schindl
- Institute for Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University, Gruberstraße 40, 4020, Linz,, Austria.
- Institute for Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, Harrachgasse 21/IV, 8010, Graz, Austria.
| | - Wolfgang Heiss
- Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstraße 7, 91058, Erlangen,, Germany.
- Energie Campus Nürnberg (EnCN), Fürtherstraße 250, 90429, Nürnberg,, Germany.
| | - Eric Daniel Głowacki
- Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS), Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University, Altenbergerstraße 69, 4040, Linz,, Austria.
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, ITN Campus Norrköping, Linköpings Universitet, Bredgatan 33, 60221, Norrköping,, Sweden.
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Yoo S, Kim R, Park JH, Nam Y. Electro-optical Neural Platform Integrated with Nanoplasmonic Inhibition Interface. ACS NANO 2016; 10:4274-4281. [PMID: 26960013 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b07747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Engineering of neural interfaces with nanomaterials for remote manipulation facilitates the development of platforms for the study and treatment of brain disorders, yet extending their capability to inhibiting the electrical activities of unmodified neurons has been difficult. Here we report the development of an electro-optical neural platform integrated with gold nanorods for simultaneous electrical excitation and readout, and photothermal inhibition of neural activities. A monolayer of gold nanorods was placed at the electrode-neuron interfaces of a microelectrode array for photothermal stimulation of neural activities. This nanoplasmonic interface interacted well with neurons and metal electrodes without affecting the biological and electrical properties. We demonstrated that spontaneous firing of neurons and their signal propagation along the neurites evoked by electrical stimulation were optically inhibited on this neural platform. We believe that our platform could be an alternative to the optogenetic approach and may ultimately be applied to prosthetic devices based on optical neuromodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangjin Yoo
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Institute for the NanoCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Raeyoung Kim
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Institute for the NanoCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Ho Park
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Institute for the NanoCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonkey Nam
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Institute for the NanoCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
Neural stimulation is a critical technique in treating neurological diseases and investigating brain functions. Traditional electrical stimulation uses electrodes to directly create intervening electric fields in the immediate vicinity of neural tissues. Second-generation stimulation techniques directly use light, magnetic fields or ultrasound in a non-contact manner. An emerging generation of non- or minimally invasive neural stimulation techniques is enabled by nanotechnology to achieve a high spatial resolution and cell-type specificity. In these techniques, a nanomaterial converts a remotely transmitted primary stimulus such as a light, magnetic or ultrasonic signal to a localized secondary stimulus such as an electric field or heat to stimulate neurons. The ease of surface modification and bio-conjugation of nanomaterials facilitates cell-type-specific targeting, designated placement and highly localized membrane activation. This review focuses on nanomaterial-enabled neural stimulation techniques primarily involving opto-electric, opto-thermal, magneto-electric, magneto-thermal and acousto-electric transduction mechanisms. Stimulation techniques based on other possible transduction schemes and general consideration for these emerging neurotechnologies are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchen Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Liang Guo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Ohio State UniversityColumbus, OH, USA; Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State UniversityColumbus, OH, USA
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10
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Vaquero S, Bossio C, Bellani S, Martino N, Zucchetti E, Lanzani G, Antognazza MR. Conjugated polymers for the optical control of the electrical activity of living cells. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:5272-5283. [DOI: 10.1039/c6tb01129b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Different conjugated polymers are proposed as bio-optical interfaces. Selected polymers are capable to sustain thermal sterilization but provide different optical coupling with living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Vaquero
- Center for Nano Science and Technology
- IIT@PoliMi
- 20133 Milano
- Italy
| | - Caterina Bossio
- Center for Nano Science and Technology
- IIT@PoliMi
- 20133 Milano
- Italy
| | - Sebastiano Bellani
- Center for Nano Science and Technology
- IIT@PoliMi
- 20133 Milano
- Italy
- Politecnico di Milano
| | - Nicola Martino
- Center for Nano Science and Technology
- IIT@PoliMi
- 20133 Milano
- Italy
- Politecnico di Milano
| | - Elena Zucchetti
- Center for Nano Science and Technology
- IIT@PoliMi
- 20133 Milano
- Italy
- Politecnico di Milano
| | - Guglielmo Lanzani
- Center for Nano Science and Technology
- IIT@PoliMi
- 20133 Milano
- Italy
- Politecnico di Milano
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Antognazza MR, Martino N, Ghezzi D, Feyen P, Colombo E, Endeman D, Benfenati F, Lanzani G. Shedding Light on Living Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:7662-7669. [PMID: 25469452 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201403513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
An overview of the optical methods available to modulate the cellular activity in cell cultures and biological tissues is presented, with a focus on the use of exogenous functional materials that absorb electromagnetic radiation and transduce it into a secondary stimulus for cell excitation, with high temporal and spatial resolution. Both organic and inorganic materials are critically evaluated, for in vitro and in vivo applications. Finally, as a direct practical application of optical-stimulation techniques, the most recent results in the realization of artificial visual implants are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rosa Antognazza
- Center for Nano Science and Technology, @PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Pascoli 70/3, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Nicola Martino
- Center for Nano Science and Technology, @PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Pascoli 70/3, Milano, 20133, Italy
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Diego Ghezzi
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Neuroscience and Brain Technologies Department, Via Morego 30, Genova, 16163, Italy
| | - Paul Feyen
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Neuroscience and Brain Technologies Department, Via Morego 30, Genova, 16163, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Colombo
- Center for Nano Science and Technology, @PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Pascoli 70/3, Milano, 20133, Italy
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Neuroscience and Brain Technologies Department, Via Morego 30, Genova, 16163, Italy
| | - Duco Endeman
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Neuroscience and Brain Technologies Department, Via Morego 30, Genova, 16163, Italy
| | - Fabio Benfenati
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Neuroscience and Brain Technologies Department, Via Morego 30, Genova, 16163, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Lanzani
- Center for Nano Science and Technology, @PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Pascoli 70/3, Milano, 20133, Italy
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, Milano, 20133, Italy
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Martino N, Feyen P, Porro M, Bossio C, Zucchetti E, Ghezzi D, Benfenati F, Lanzani G, Antognazza MR. Photothermal cellular stimulation in functional bio-polymer interfaces. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8911. [PMID: 25753132 PMCID: PMC4354102 DOI: 10.1038/srep08911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybrid interfaces between organic semiconductors and living tissues represent a new tool for in-vitro and in-vivo applications, bearing a huge potential, from basic researches to clinical applications. In particular, light sensitive conjugated polymers can be exploited as a new approach for optical modulation of cellular activity. In this work we focus on light-induced changes in the membrane potential of Human Embryonic Kidney (HEK-293) cells grown on top of a poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) thin film. On top of a capacitive charging of the polymer interface, we identify and fully characterize two concomitant mechanisms, leading to membrane depolarization and hyperpolarisation, both mediated by a thermal effect. Our results can be usefully exploited in the creation of a new platform for light-controlled cell manipulation, with possible applications in neuroscience and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Martino
- Center for Nano Science and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Pascoli 70/3, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Politecnico di Milano, Dip.to di Fisica, P.zza L. Da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Paul Feyen
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Matteo Porro
- Center for Nano Science and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Pascoli 70/3, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Politecnico di Milano, Dip.to di Matematica, P.zza L. Da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Caterina Bossio
- Center for Nano Science and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Pascoli 70/3, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Politecnico di Milano, Dip.to di Fisica, P.zza L. Da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Elena Zucchetti
- Center for Nano Science and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Pascoli 70/3, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Politecnico di Milano, Dip.to di Fisica, P.zza L. Da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Diego Ghezzi
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Fabio Benfenati
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Lanzani
- Center for Nano Science and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Pascoli 70/3, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Politecnico di Milano, Dip.to di Fisica, P.zza L. Da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Maria Rosa Antognazza
- Center for Nano Science and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Pascoli 70/3, 20133 Milano, Italy
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Paviolo C, Thompson AC, Yong J, Brown WGA, Stoddart PR. Nanoparticle-enhanced infrared neural stimulation. J Neural Eng 2014; 11:065002. [DOI: 10.1088/1741-2560/11/6/065002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Yong J, Needham K, Brown WGA, Nayagam BA, McArthur SL, Yu A, Stoddart PR. Gold-nanorod-assisted near-infrared stimulation of primary auditory neurons. Adv Healthc Mater 2014; 3:1862-8. [PMID: 24799427 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201400027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Revised: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Infrared stimulation offers an alternative to electrical stimulation of neuronal tissue, with potential for direct, non-contact activation at high spatial resolution. Conventional methods of infrared neural stimulation (INS) rely on transient heating due to the absorption of relatively intense laser beams by water in the tissue. However, the water absorption also limits the depth of penetration of light in tissue. Therefore, the use of a near-infrared laser at 780 nm to stimulate cultured rat primary auditory neurons that are incubated with silica-coated gold nanorods (Au NRs) as an extrinsic absorber is investigated. The laser-induced electrical behavior of the neurons is observed using whole-cell patch clamp electrophysiology. The nanorod-treated auditory neurons (NR-ANs) show a significant increase in electrical activity compared with neurons that are incubated with non-absorbing silica-coated gold nanospheres and control neurons with no gold nanoparticles. The laser-induced heating by the nanorods is confirmed by measuring the transient temperature increase near the surface of the NR-ANs with an open pipette electrode. These findings demonstrate the potential to improve the efficiency and increase the penetration depth of INS by labeling nerves with Au NRs and then exposing them to infrared wavelengths in the water window of tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawey Yong
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology; Swinburne University of Technology; P. O. Box 218 Hawthorn Victoria 3122 Australia
| | - Karina Needham
- Department of Otolaryngology; University of Melbourne; East Melbourne Victoria 3002 Australia
| | - William G. A. Brown
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology; Swinburne University of Technology; P. O. Box 218 Hawthorn Victoria 3122 Australia
| | - Bryony A. Nayagam
- Department of Audiology and Speech Pathology; University of Melbourne; Carlton Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Sally L. McArthur
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology; Swinburne University of Technology; P. O. Box 218 Hawthorn Victoria 3122 Australia
| | - Aimin Yu
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology; Swinburne University of Technology; P. O. Box 218 Hawthorn Victoria 3122 Australia
| | - Paul R. Stoddart
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology; Swinburne University of Technology; P. O. Box 218 Hawthorn Victoria 3122 Australia
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15
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Li X, Liu J, Liang S, Guan K, An L, Wu X, Li S, Sun C. Temporal modulation of sodium current kinetics in neuron cells by near-infrared laser. Cell Biochem Biophys 2014; 67:1409-19. [PMID: 23723007 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-013-9674-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Near-infrared laser provides a novel nerve stimulation modality to regulate the cell functions. Understanding its physiological effect is a prerequisite for clinic laser therapy applications. Here, the whole-cell sodium (Na) channel kinetics of neuron cell was employed to determine the temporal roles of infrared laser. The Na currents were elicited by electrical pulses that were synchronized at the rising and falling edges of the 980 nm laser pulses, respectively, to investigate the different infrared effect on cell functions. The time constants of activation (τ(m)) and inactivation (τ(h)) kinetics were extracted from fitting of the Na current (m(3)h) according to the Hodgkin-Huxley (HH) model. By comparing the time constants without and with the laser irradiation, we obtained that laser pulses changed the Na current kinetics by accelerating τ(h)-phase and slowing down τ m-phase at the beginning of the laser pulse, whereas both phases were accelerated at the end of the pulse. After relating the ratios of the time constants to the temperature characteristics of Na channel by Q10, we found that the accelerating in Na current kinetics could be related to the average temperature of extracellular solution in the corresponding time span by choosing Q10 = 2.6. The results of this study demonstrated that there was a positive correlation between the acceleration of the Na current kinetics and increases in temperature of the extracellular solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Li
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116023, China
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16
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Farah N, Zoubi A, Matar S, Golan L, Marom A, Butson CR, Brosh I, Shoham S. Holographically patterned activation using photo-absorber induced neural-thermal stimulation. J Neural Eng 2013; 10:056004. [PMID: 23902876 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2560/10/5/056004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patterned photo-stimulation offers a promising path towards the effective control of distributed neuronal circuits. Here, we demonstrate the feasibility and governing principles of spatiotemporally patterned microscopic photo-absorber induced neural-thermal stimulation (PAINTS) based on light absorption by exogenous extracellular photo-absorbers. APPROACH We projected holographic light patterns from a green continuous-wave (CW) or an IR femtosecond laser onto exogenous photo-absorbing particles dispersed in the vicinity of cultured rat cortical cells. Experimental results are compared to predictions of a temperature-rate model (where membrane currents follow I ∝ dT/dt). MAIN RESULTS The induced microscopic photo-thermal transients have sub-millisecond thermal relaxation times and stimulate adjacent cells. PAINTS activation thresholds for different laser pulse durations (0.02 to 1 ms) follow the Lapicque strength-duration formula, but with different chronaxies and minimal threshold energy levels for the two excitation lasers (an order of magnitude lower for the IR system <50 nJ). Moreover, the empirical thresholds for the CW system are found to be in good agreement with detailed simulations of the temperature-rate model, but are generally lower for the IR system, suggesting an auxiliary excitation mechanism. SIGNIFICANCE Holographically patterned PAINTS could potentially provide a means for minimally intrusive control over neuronal dynamics with a high level of spatial and temporal selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nairouz Farah
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
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