1
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Froitzheim T, Kunze L, Grimme S, Herbert JM, Mewes JM. Benchmarking Charge-Transfer Excited States in TADF Emitters: ΔDFT Outperforms TD-DFT for Emission Energies. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:6324-6335. [PMID: 39028862 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c03273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Charge-transfer (CT) excited states are crucial to organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), particularly to those based on thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF). However, accurately modeling CT states remains challenging, even with modern implementations of (time-dependent) density functional theory [(TD-)DFT], especially in a dielectric environment. To identify shortcomings and improve the methodology, we previously established the STGABS27 benchmark set with highly accurate experimental references for the adiabatic energy gap between the lowest singlet and triplet excited states (ΔEST). Here, we diversify this set to the STGABS27-EMS benchmark by including experimental emission energies (Eem) and use this new set to (re)-evaluate various DFT-based approaches. Surprisingly, these tests demonstrate that a state-specific (un)restricted open-shell Kohn-Sham (U/ROKS) DFT coupled with a polarizable continuum model for perturbative state-specific nonequilibrium solvation (ptSS-PCM) provides exceptional accuracy for predicting Eem over a wide range of density functionals. In contrast, the main workhorse of the field, Tamm-Dancoff-approximated TD-DFT (TDA-DFT) paired with the same ptSS-PCM, is distinctly less accurate and strongly functional-dependent. More importantly, while TDA-DFT requires the choice of two very different density functionals for good performance on either ΔEST or Eem, the time-independent U/ROKS/PCM approaches deliver excellent accuracy for both quantities with a wide variety of functionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Froitzheim
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Beringstr. 4, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Lukas Kunze
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Beringstr. 4, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Beringstr. 4, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - John M Herbert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Jan-Michael Mewes
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Beringstr. 4, 53115 Bonn, Germany
- beeOLED GmbH, Niedersedlitzer Str. 75 C, 01257 Dresden, Germany
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2
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Kunze L, Froitzheim T, Hansen A, Grimme S, Mewes JM. ΔDFT Predicts Inverted Singlet-Triplet Gaps with Chemical Accuracy at a Fraction of the Cost of Wave Function-Based Approaches. J Phys Chem Lett 2024:8065-8077. [PMID: 39083761 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c01649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Efficient OLEDs need to quickly convert singlet and triplet excitons into photons. Molecules with an inverted singlet-triplet energy gap (INVEST) are promising candidates for this task. However, typical INVEST molecules have drawbacks like too low oscillator strengths and excitation energies. High-throughput screening could identify suitable INVEST molecules, but existing methods are problematic: The workhorse method TD-DFT cannot reproduce gap inversion, while wave function-based methods are too slow. This study proposes a state-specific method based on unrestricted Kohn-Sham DFT with common hybrid functionals. Tuned on the new INVEST15 benchmark set, this method achieves an error of less than 1 kcal/mol, which is traced back to error cancellation between spin contamination and dynamic correlation. Applied to the larger and structurally diverse NAH159 set in a black-box fashion, the method maintains a small error (1.2 kcal/mol) and accurately predicts gap signs in 83% of cases, confirming its robustness and suitability for screening workflows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Kunze
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Clausius Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms Universität Bonn, Beringstraße 4, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas Froitzheim
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Clausius Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms Universität Bonn, Beringstraße 4, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Hansen
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Clausius Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms Universität Bonn, Beringstraße 4, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Clausius Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms Universität Bonn, Beringstraße 4, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jan-Michael Mewes
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Clausius Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms Universität Bonn, Beringstraße 4, 53115 Bonn, Germany
- beeOLED GmbH, Niedersedlitzer Str. 75c, 01257 Dresden, Germany
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3
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Antalík A, Levy A, Kvedaravičiūtė S, Johnson SK, Carrasco-Busturia D, Raghavan B, Mouvet F, Acocella A, Das S, Gavini V, Mandelli D, Ippoliti E, Meloni S, Carloni P, Rothlisberger U, Olsen JMH. MiMiC: A high-performance framework for multiscale molecular dynamics simulations. J Chem Phys 2024; 161:022501. [PMID: 38990116 DOI: 10.1063/5.0211053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
MiMiC is a framework for performing multiscale simulations in which loosely coupled external programs describe individual subsystems at different resolutions and levels of theory. To make it highly efficient and flexible, we adopt an interoperable approach based on a multiple-program multiple-data (MPMD) paradigm, serving as an intermediary responsible for fast data exchange and interactions between the subsystems. The main goal of MiMiC is to avoid interfering with the underlying parallelization of the external programs, including the operability on hybrid architectures (e.g., CPU/GPU), and keep their setup and execution as close as possible to the original. At the moment, MiMiC offers an efficient implementation of electrostatic embedding quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) that has demonstrated unprecedented parallel scaling in simulations of large biomolecules using CPMD and GROMACS as QM and MM engines, respectively. However, as it is designed for high flexibility with general multiscale models in mind, it can be straightforwardly extended beyond QM/MM. In this article, we illustrate the software design and the features of the framework, which make it a compelling choice for multiscale simulations in the upcoming era of exascale high-performance computing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrej Antalík
- Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Biochemistry, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Levy
- Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Biochemistry, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sonata Kvedaravičiūtė
- DTU Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sophia K Johnson
- Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Biochemistry, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Bharath Raghavan
- Computational Biomedicine, Institute of Advanced Simulations IAS-5/Institute for Neuroscience and Medicine INM-9, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich 52428, Germany
- Department of Physics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - François Mouvet
- Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Biochemistry, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Sambit Das
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Vikram Gavini
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Davide Mandelli
- Computational Biomedicine, Institute of Advanced Simulations IAS-5/Institute for Neuroscience and Medicine INM-9, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich 52428, Germany
| | - Emiliano Ippoliti
- Computational Biomedicine, Institute of Advanced Simulations IAS-5/Institute for Neuroscience and Medicine INM-9, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich 52428, Germany
| | - Simone Meloni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Farmaceutiche ed Agrarie (DOCPAS), Università degli Studi di Ferrara (Unife), I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paolo Carloni
- Computational Biomedicine, Institute of Advanced Simulations IAS-5/Institute for Neuroscience and Medicine INM-9, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich 52428, Germany
- Department of Physics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Ursula Rothlisberger
- Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Biochemistry, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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4
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Selenius E, Sigurdarson AE, Schmerwitz YLA, Levi G. Orbital-Optimized Versus Time-Dependent Density Functional Calculations of Intramolecular Charge Transfer Excited States. J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:3809-3822. [PMID: 38695313 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c01319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2024]
Abstract
The performance of time-independent, orbital-optimized calculations of excited states is assessed with respect to charge transfer excitations in organic molecules in comparison to the linear-response time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) approach. A direct optimization method to converge on saddle points of the electronic energy surface is used to carry out calculations with the local density approximation (LDA) and the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) functionals PBE and BLYP for a set of 27 excitations in 15 molecules. The time-independent approach is fully variational and provides a relaxed excited state electron density from which the extent of charge transfer is quantified. The TD-DFT calculations are generally found to provide larger charge transfer distances compared to the orbital-optimized calculations, even when including orbital relaxation effects with the Z-vector method. While the error on the excitation energy relative to theoretical best estimates is found to increase with the extent of charge transfer up to ca. -2 eV for TD-DFT, no correlation is observed for the orbital-optimized approach. The orbital-optimized calculations with the LDA and the GGA functionals provide a mean absolute error of ∼0.7 eV, outperforming TD-DFT with both local and global hybrid functionals for excitations with a long-range charge transfer character. Orbital-optimized calculations with the global hybrid functional B3LYP and the range-separated hybrid functional CAM-B3LYP on a selection of states with short- and long-range charge transfer indicate that inclusion of exact exchange has a small effect on the charge transfer distance, while it significantly improves the excitation energy, with the best-performing functional CAM-B3LYP providing an absolute error typically around 0.15 eV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elli Selenius
- Science Institute of the University of Iceland, Reykjavík 107, Iceland
| | | | | | - Gianluca Levi
- Science Institute of the University of Iceland, Reykjavík 107, Iceland
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5
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Scholz AS, Massoth JG, Stoess L, Bolte M, Braun M, Lerner HW, Mewes JM, Wagner M, Froitzheim T. NBN- and BNB-Phenalenyls: the Yin and Yang of Heteroatom-doped π Systems. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400320. [PMID: 38426580 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
NBN- and BNB-doped phenalenyls are isoelectronic to phenalenyl anions and cations, respectively. They represent a pair of complementary molecules that have essentially identical structures but opposite properties as electron donors and acceptors. The NBN-phenalenyls 1-4 considered here were prepared from N,N'-dimethyl-1,8-diaminonaphthalene and readily available boron-containing building blocks (i. e., BH3⋅SMe2 (1), p-CF3-C6H4B(OH)2 (2), C6H5B(OH)2 (3), or MesBCl2/iPr2NEt (4)). Treatment of 1 with 4-Me2N-2,6-Me2-C6H2Li gave the corresponding NBN derivative 5. The BNB-phenalenyl 6 was synthesized from 1,8-naphthalenediyl-bridged diborane(6), PhNH2, and MesMgBr. A computational study reveals that the photoemission of 1, 4, and 5 originates from locally excited (LE) states at the NBN-phenalenyl fragments, while that of 2 is dominated by charge transfer (CT) from the NBN-phenalenyl to the p-CF3-C6H4 fragment. Depending on the dihedral angle θ between its Ph and NBN planes, compound 3 emits mainly from a less polar LE (θ >55°) or more polar CT state (θ <55°). In turn, the energetic preference for either state is governed by the polarity of the solvent used. An equimolar aggregate of the NBN- and BNB-phenalenyls 3 and 6 (in THF/H2O) shows a distinct red-shifted emission compared to that of the individual components, which originates from an intermolecular CT state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S Scholz
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Julian G Massoth
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Lennart Stoess
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Michael Bolte
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Markus Braun
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Hans-Wolfram Lerner
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jan-M Mewes
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Beringstr. 4, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Matthias Wagner
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Thomas Froitzheim
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Beringstr. 4, 53115, Bonn, Germany
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6
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Hait D, Martínez TJ. Predicting the X-ray Absorption Spectrum of Ozone with Single Configuration State Functions. J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:873-881. [PMID: 38175153 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c01035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) of biradicaloid species are often thought to represent a challenge to theoretical methods. This has led to the testing of recently developed multireference techniques on the XAS of ozone, but reproduction of the experimental spectral profile has proven difficult. We utilize a minimal model consisting of a single configuration state function (CSF) per excited state to model core-level excitations of ozone, with the orbitals of each CSF optimized using the restricted open-shell Kohn-Sham (ROKS) method. This protocol leads to semiquantitative agreement with experimental XAS. In fact, we find that low-lying core-hole excited states in biradicaloids can be approximated with individual CSFs, despite the presence of multireference character in the ground state. We also report that the 1s → π* and 1s → σ* transitions have quite distinct widths for O3. This reveals the importance of sampling over a representative range of geometries from the vibrational ground state for properly assessing the accuracy of electronic structure methods against experiments instead of the popular procedure of uniformly broadening stick spectra at the equilibrium geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diptarka Hait
- Department of Chemistry and The PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Todd J Martínez
- Department of Chemistry and The PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
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7
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Bezabih MS, Kaliakin DS, Blanco-González A, Barneschi L, Tarnovsky AN, Olivucci M. Comparative Study of Uracil Excited-State Photophysics in Water and Acetonitrile via RMS-CASPT2-Driven Quantum-Classical Trajectories. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:10871-10879. [PMID: 38055701 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c06433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
We present a nonadiabatic molecular dynamics study of the ultrafast processes occurring in uracil upon UV light absorption, leading to electronic excitation and subsequent nonradiative decay. Previous studies have indicated that the mechanistic details of this process are drastically different depending on whether the process takes place in the gas phase, acetonitrile, or water. However, such results have been produced using quantum chemical methods that did not incorporate both static and dynamic electron correlation. In order to assess the previously proposed mechanisms, we simulate the photodynamics of uracil in the three environments mentioned above using quantum-classical trajectories and, for solvated uracil, hybrid quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) models driven by the rotated multistate complete active space second-order perturbation (RMS-CASPT2) method. To do so, we exploit the gradient recently made available in OpenMolcas and compare the results to those obtained using the complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF) method only accounting for static electron correlation. We show that RMS-CASPT2 produces, in general, a mechanistic picture different from the one obtained at the CASSCF level but confirms the hypothesis advanced on the basis of previous ROKS and TDDFT studies thus highlighting the importance of incorporating dynamic electron correlation in the investigation of ultrafast electronic deactivation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meseret Simachew Bezabih
- Department of Chemistry, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403, United States
| | - Danil S Kaliakin
- Department of Chemistry, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403, United States
| | | | - Leonardo Barneschi
- Dipartimento di Biotechnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Alexander N Tarnovsky
- Department of Chemistry, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403, United States
| | - Massimo Olivucci
- Department of Chemistry, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403, United States
- Dipartimento di Biotechnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy
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8
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Toulson BW, Hait D, Faccialà D, Neumark DM, Leone SR, Head-Gordon M, Gessner O. Probing C-I bond fission in the UV photochemistry of 2-iodothiophene with core-to-valence transient absorption spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:034304. [PMID: 37466229 DOI: 10.1063/5.0151629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The UV photochemistry of small heteroaromatic molecules serves as a testbed for understanding fundamental photo-induced chemical transformations in moderately complex compounds, including isomerization, ring-opening, and molecular dissociation. Here, a combined experimental-theoretical study of 268 nm UV light-induced dynamics in 2-iodothiophene (C4H3IS) is performed. The dynamics are experimentally monitored with a femtosecond extreme ultraviolet (XUV) probe that measures iodine N-edge 4d core-to-valence transitions. Experiments are complemented by density functional theory calculations of both the pump-pulse induced valence excitations and the XUV probe-induced core-to-valence transitions. Possible intramolecular relaxation dynamics are investigated by ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. Gradual absorption changes up to ∼0.5 to 1 ps after excitation are observed for both the parent molecular species and emerging iodine fragments, with the latter appearing with a characteristic rise time of 160 ± 30 fs. Comparison of spectral intensities and energies with the calculations identifies an iodine dissociation pathway initiated by a predominant π → π* excitation. In contrast, initial excitation to a nearby n⟂ → σ* state appears unlikely based on a significantly smaller oscillator strength and the absence of any corresponding XUV absorption signatures. Excitation to the π → π* state is followed by contraction of the C-I bond, enabling a nonadiabatic transition to a dissociative π→σC-I* state. For the subsequent fragmentation, a relatively narrow bond-length region along the C-I stretch coordinate between 230 and 280 pm is identified, where the transition between the parent molecule and the thienyl radical + iodine atom products becomes prominent in the XUV spectrum due to rapid localization of two singly occupied molecular orbitals on the two fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin W Toulson
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Diptarka Hait
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Davide Faccialà
- CNR-Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie (CNR-IFN), 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Daniel M Neumark
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Stephen R Leone
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Martin Head-Gordon
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Oliver Gessner
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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9
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Chen WK, Wang SR, Liu XY, Fang WH, Cui G. Nonadiabatic Derivative Couplings Calculated Using Information of Potential Energy Surfaces without Wavefunctions: Ab Initio and Machine Learning Implementations. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104222. [PMID: 37241962 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, we implemented an approximate algorithm for calculating nonadiabatic coupling matrix elements (NACMEs) of a polyatomic system with ab initio methods and machine learning (ML) models. Utilizing this algorithm, one can calculate NACMEs using only the information of potential energy surfaces (PESs), i.e., energies, and gradients as well as Hessian matrix elements. We used a realistic system, namely CH2NH, to compare NACMEs calculated by this approximate PES-based algorithm and the accurate wavefunction-based algorithm. Our results show that this approximate PES-based algorithm can give very accurate results comparable to the wavefunction-based algorithm except at energetically degenerate points, i.e., conical intersections. We also tested a machine learning (ML)-trained model with this approximate PES-based algorithm, which also supplied similarly accurate NACMEs but more efficiently. The advantage of this PES-based algorithm is its significant potential to combine with electronic structure methods that do not implement wavefunction-based algorithms, low-scaling energy-based fragment methods, etc., and in particular efficient ML models, to compute NACMEs. The present work could encourage further research on nonadiabatic processes of large systems simulated by ab initio nonadiabatic dynamics simulation methods in which NACMEs are always required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Kai Chen
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nano-Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Sheng-Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xiang-Yang Liu
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China
| | - Wei-Hai Fang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Ganglong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
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10
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Carter-Fenk K, Johnson BA, Herbert JM, Schenter GK, Mundy CJ. Correction to "Birth of the Hydrated Electron via Charge-Transfer-to-Solvent Excitation of Aqueous Iodide". J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:4150. [PMID: 37104060 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c01029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
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11
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Luo J, Ji Q, Wu Y, Gao X, Wang J, Ju MG. Eco-friendly inorganic molecular novel antiperovskites for light-emitting application. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:1678-1688. [PMID: 36809540 DOI: 10.1039/d2mh01216b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The development of perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) has progressed rapidly over the past several years, with high external quantum efficiencies exceeding 20%. However, the deployment of PeLEDs in commercial devices still faces severe challenges, such as environmental pollution, instability and low photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs). In this work, we perform high-throughput calculations to exhaustively search the unexplored and eco-friendly novel antiperovskite space (formula: X3B[MN4], with octahedron [BX6] and tetrahedron [MN4]). The novel antiperovskites have a unique structure whereby a tetrahedron can be embedded into an octahedral skeleton as a light-emitting center causing a space confinement effect, leading to the characteristics of a low-dimensional electronic structure, which then makes these materials potential light-emitting material candidates with a high PLQY and light-emitting stability. Under the guidance of newly derived tolerance, octahedral, and tetrahedral factors, 266 stable candidates are successfully screened out from 6320 compounds. Moreover, the antiperovskite materials Ba3I0.5F0.5(SbS4), Ca3O(SnO4), Ba3F0.5I0.5(InSe4), Ba3O0.5S0.5(ZrS4), Ca3O(TiO4), and Rb3Cl0.5I0.5(ZnI4) possess an appropriate bandgap, thermodynamic and kinetic stability, and excellent electronic and optical properties, making them promising light-emitting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Luo
- School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China.
| | - Qun Ji
- School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China.
| | - Yilei Wu
- School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China.
| | - Xinying Gao
- School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China.
| | - Jinlan Wang
- School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China.
| | - Ming-Gang Ju
- School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China.
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12
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Fedorov ID, Stegailov VV. Exciton Nature of Plasma Phase Transition in Warm Dense Fluid Hydrogen: ROKS Simulation. Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202200730. [PMID: 36399362 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The transition of warm dense fluid hydrogen from an insulator to a conducting state at pressures of about 20-400 GPa and temperatures of 500-5000 K has been the subject of active scientific research over the past few decades. However, various experimental and theoretical methods do not provide consistent results. In this work, we have applied the restricted open-shell Kohn-Sham (ROKS) method for first principles molecular dynamics of dense hydrogen after thermal excitation to the first singlet excited state. The Wannier localization method has allowed us to analyze the exciton dynamics in this system. The model shows that a key mechanism of the transition is associated with the dissociation of electron-hole pairs, which allows explaining several stages of the transition of fluid H2 from molecular state to plasma. This mechanism is able to give a quantitative description of several experimental results as well as to resolve the discrepancies between experimental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya D Fedorov
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures of Russian Academy of Sciences, Izhorskaya st. 13-2, Moscow, 125412, Russia.,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technologies, National Research University), Institutskij per. 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow, 141700, Russia.,National Research University Higher School of Economics, Myasnitskaya Ulitsa 20, Moscow, 101000, Russia
| | - Vladimir V Stegailov
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures of Russian Academy of Sciences, Izhorskaya st. 13-2, Moscow, 125412, Russia.,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technologies, National Research University), Institutskij per. 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow, 141700, Russia.,National Research University Higher School of Economics, Myasnitskaya Ulitsa 20, Moscow, 101000, Russia
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13
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Symmetry of Identical Particles, Modern Achievements in the Pauli Exclusion Principle, in Superconductivity and in Some Other Phenomena. Symmetry (Basel) 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/sym15030701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, the modern achievements in studies of the Pauli exclusion principle (PEP) and the properties of the identical particle systems when PEP is not fulfilled are discussed. The validity of conception of the spin in the framework of density functional theory (DFT) approaches is analyzed. The modern state of the recently discovered Fe-based superconductors is discussed in detail. These materials belong to the paramagnetic semimetal family and become superconductors upon doping. Recently, in 2020, room-temperature superconductivity was realized. However, from the following discussion in the SC community, it was not evident that the results of room-temperature superconductivity have been repeated by other laboratories. Thus, the question “is room temperature really achieved?” is still open. In the concluding remarks, we present the explanation of why the PEP limitations on the symmetry of identical particles system exist in nature, and following from it, some important consequences.
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14
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Carter-Fenk K, Johnson BA, Herbert JM, Schenter GK, Mundy CJ. Birth of the Hydrated Electron via Charge-Transfer-to-Solvent Excitation of Aqueous Iodide. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:870-878. [PMID: 36657160 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A primary means to generate hydrated electrons in laboratory experiments is excitation to the charge-transfer-to-solvent (CTTS) state of a solute such as I-(aq), but this initial step in the genesis of e-(aq) has never been simulated directly using ab initio molecular dynamics. We report the first such simulations, combining ground- and excited-state simulations of I-(aq) with a detailed analysis of fluctuations in the Coulomb potential experienced by the nascent solvated electron. What emerges is a two-step picture of the evolution of e-(aq) starting from the CTTS state: I-(aq) + hν → I-*(aq) → I•(aq) + e-(aq). Notably, the equilibrated ground state of e-(aq) evolves from I-*(aq) without any nonadiabatic transitions, simply as a result of solvent reorganization. The methodology used here should be applicable to other photochemical electron transfer processes in solution, an important class of problems directly relevant to photocatalysis and energy transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Carter-Fenk
- Physical Science Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington99352, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California94720, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio43210, United States
| | - Britta A Johnson
- Physical Science Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington99352, United States
| | - John M Herbert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio43210, United States
| | - Gregory K Schenter
- Physical Science Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington99352, United States
| | - Christopher J Mundy
- Physical Science Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington99352, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington98195, United States
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15
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Haugen EA, Hait D, Scutelnic V, Xue T, Head-Gordon M, Leone SR. Ultrafast X-ray Spectroscopy of Intersystem Crossing in Hexafluoroacetylacetone: Chromophore Photophysics and Spectral Changes in the Face of Electron-Withdrawing Groups. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:634-644. [PMID: 36638240 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c06044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Intersystem crossings between singlet and triplet states represent a crucial relaxation pathway in photochemical processes. Herein, we probe the intersystem crossing in hexafluoro-acetylacetone with ultrafast X-ray transient absorption spectroscopy at the carbon K-edge. We observe the excited state dynamics following excitation with 266 nm UV light to the 1ππ* (S2) state with element and site-specificity using a broadband soft X-ray pulse produced by high harmonic generation. These results are compared to X-ray spectra computed from orbital optimized density functional theory methods. It is found that the electron-withdrawing fluorine atoms decongest the X-ray absorption spectrum by enhancing separation between features originating from different carbon atoms. This facilitates the elucidation of structural and electronic dynamics at the chromophore. The evolution of the core-to-valence resonances at the carbon K-edge reveals an ultrafast population transfer between the 1nπ* (S1) and 3ππ* (T1) states on a 1.6 ± 0.4 ps time scale, which is similar to the 1.5 ps time scale earlier observed for acetylacetone [ J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2017, 139, 16576-16583, DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b07532]. It therefore appears that terminal fluorination has little influence on the intersystem crossing rate of the acetylacetone chromophore. In addition, the significant role of hydrogen-bond opened and twisted rotational isomers is elucidated in the excited state dynamics by comparison of the experimental transient X-ray spectra with theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A Haugen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Diptarka Hait
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Valeriu Scutelnic
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Tian Xue
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Martin Head-Gordon
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Stephen R Leone
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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16
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Unraveling the Nature of Hydrogen Bonds of "Proton Sponges" Based on Car-Parrinello and Metadynamics Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021542. [PMID: 36675059 PMCID: PMC9860969 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The nature of intra- and intermolecular non-covalent interactions was studied in four naphthalene derivatives commonly referred to as "proton sponges". Special attention was paid to an intramolecular hydrogen bond present in the protonated form of the compounds. The unsubstituted "proton sponge" served as a reference structure to study the substituent influence on the hydrogen bond (HB) properties. We selected three compounds substituted by methoxy, amino, and nitro groups. The presence of the substituents either retained the parent symmetry or rendered the compounds asymmetric. In order to reveal the non-covalent interaction properties, the Hirshfeld surface (HS) was computed for the crystal structures of the studied compounds. Next, quantum-chemical simulations were performed in vacuo and in the crystalline phase. Car-Parrinello molecular dynamics (CPMD), Path Integral Molecular Dynamics (PIMD), and metadynamics were employed to investigate the time-evolution changes of metric parameters and free energy profile in both phases. Additionally, for selected snapshots obtained from the CPMD trajectories, non-covalent interactions and electronic structure were studied. Quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) and the Density Overlap Regions Indicator (DORI) were applied for this purpose. It was found based on Hirshfeld surfaces that, besides intramolecular hydrogen bonds, other non-covalent interactions are present and have a strong impact on the crystal structure organization. The CPMD results obtained in both phases showed frequent proton transfer phenomena. The proton was strongly delocalized in the applied time-scale and temperature, especially in the PIMD framework. The use of metadynamics allowed for tracing the free energy profiles and confirming that the hydrogen bonds present in "proton sponges" are Low-Barrier Hydrogen Bonds (LBHBs). The electronic and topological analysis quantitatively described the temperature dependence and time-evolution changes of the electronic structure. The covalency of the hydrogen bonds was estimated based on QTAIM analysis. It was found that strong hydrogen bonds show greater covalency, which is additionally determined by the proton position in the hydrogen bridge.
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17
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Classical Nuclear Motion: Comparison to Approaches with Quantum Mechanical Nuclear Motion. HYDROGEN 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/hydrogen4010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ab initio molecular dynamics combines a classical description of nuclear motion with a density-functional description of the electronic cloud. This approach nicely describes chemical reactions. A possible conclusion is that a quantum mechanical description of nuclear motion is not needed. Using Occam’s razor, this means that, being the simpler approach, classical nuclear motion is preferable. In this paper, it is claimed that nuclear motion is classical, and this hypothesis will be tested in comparison to methods with quantum mechanical nuclear motion. In particular, we apply ab initio molecular dynamics to two photoreactions involving hydrogen. Hydrogen, as the lightest element, is often assumed to show quantum mechanical tunneling. We will see that the classical picture is fully sufficient. The quantum mechanical view leads to phenomena that are difficult to understand, such as the entanglement of nuclear motion. In contrast, it is easy to understand the simple classical picture which assumes that nuclear motion is steady and uniform unless a force is acting. Of course, such a hypothesis must be verified for many systems and phenomena, and this paper is one more step in this direction.
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18
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Osthues H, Doltsinis NL. ReaxFF-based nonadiabatic dynamics method for azobenzene derivatives. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:244101. [PMID: 36586973 DOI: 10.1063/5.0129699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
ReaxFF reactive force fields have been parameterized for the ground and first excited states of azobenzene and its derivatives. In addition, an extended set of ab initio reference data ensures wide applicability, including to azosystems in complex environments. Based on the optimized force fields, nonadiabatic surface hopping simulations produce photoisomerization quantum yields and decay times of azobenzene, both in the gas phase and in n-hexane solution, in reasonable agreement with higher level theory and experiment. The transferability to other azo-compounds is illustrated for different arylazopyrazoles as well as ethylene-bridged azobenzene. Moreover, it has been shown that the model can be easily extended to adsorbates on metal surfaces. The simulation of the ring-opening of cyclobutene triggered by the photoisomerization of azobenzene in a macrocycle highlights the advantages of a reactive force field model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Osthues
- Institute for Solid State Theory and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Nikos L Doltsinis
- Institute for Solid State Theory and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
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19
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Froitzheim T, Grimme S, Mewes JM. Either Accurate Singlet-Triplet Gaps or Excited-State Structures: Testing and Understanding the Performance of TD-DFT for TADF Emitters. J Chem Theory Comput 2022; 18:7702-7713. [PMID: 36409831 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c00905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The energy gap between the lowest singlet and triplet excited states (ΔEST) is a key property of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters, where these states are dominated by charge-transfer (CT) character. Despite its well-known shortcomings concerning CT states, time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) is widely used to predict this gap and study TADF. Moreover, polar CT states exhibit a strong interaction with their molecular environment, which further complicates their computational description. Addressing these two major challenges, this work studies the performance of Tamm-Dancoff-approximated TD-DFT (TDA-DFT) on the recent STGABS27 benchmark set,1 exploring different strategies to include orbital and structural relaxation, as well as dielectric embedding. The results show that the best-performing strategy is to calculate ΔEST at the ground-state structure using functionals with a surprisingly small amount of Fock exchange of ≈10% and without a (complete) solvent model. However, as this approach heavily relies on error cancellation to mimic dielectric relaxation, it is not robust and exhibits large systematic deviations in excited state energies, state characters, and structures. More rigorous approaches, including state-specific solvation, do not share these systematic deviations, but their predicted ΔEST values exhibit larger statistical errors. We thus conclude that for the description of CT states in dielectric environments, none of the tested TDA-DFT methods is competitive with the recently presented ROKS/PCM approach regarding robustness, accuracy, and computational efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Froitzheim
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Beringstr. 4, 53115Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Beringstr. 4, 53115Bonn, Germany
| | - Jan-Michael Mewes
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Beringstr. 4, 53115Bonn, Germany
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20
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Arias-Martinez JE, Cunha LA, Oosterbaan KJ, Lee J, Head-Gordon M. Accurate core excitation and ionization energies from a state-specific coupled-cluster singles and doubles approach. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:20728-20741. [PMID: 36004629 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01998a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We investigate the use of orbital-optimized references in conjunction with single-reference coupled-cluster theory with single and double substitutions (CCSD) for the study of core excitations and ionizations of 18 small organic molecules, without the use of response theory or equation-of-motion (EOM) formalisms. Three schemes are employed to successfully address the convergence difficulties associated with the coupled-cluster equations, and the spin contamination resulting from the use of a spin symmetry-broken reference, in the case of excitations. In order to gauge the inherent potential of the methods studied, an effort is made to provide reasonable basis set limit estimates for the transition energies. Overall, we find that the two best-performing schemes studied here for ΔCCSD are capable of predicting excitation and ionization energies with errors comparable to experimental accuracies. The proposed ΔCCSD schemes reduces statistical errors against experimental excitation energies by more than a factor of two when compared to the frozen-core core-valence separated (FC-CVS) EOM-CCSD approach - a successful variant of EOM-CCSD tailored towards core excitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan E Arias-Martinez
- Kenneth S. Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA. .,Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Leonardo A Cunha
- Kenneth S. Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA. .,Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Katherine J Oosterbaan
- Kenneth S. Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
| | - Joonho Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York 10027, USA
| | - Martin Head-Gordon
- Kenneth S. Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA. .,Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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21
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Aldossary A, Head-Gordon M. Non-iterative Method for Constructing Valence Antibonding Molecular Orbitals and a Molecule-adapted Minimum Basis. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:094102. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0095443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
While bonding molecular orbitals exhibit constructive interference relative to atomic orbitals, antibonding orbitals show destructive interference. When full localization of occupied orbitals into bonds is possible, bonding and antibonding orbitals exist in 1:1 correspondence with each other. Antibonding orbitals play an important role in chemistry because they are frontier orbitals that determine orbital interactions, as well as much of the response of the bonding orbital to perturbations. In this work, we present an efficient method to construct antibonding orbitals by finding the orbital that yields the maximum opposite spin pair correlation amplitude in second order perturbation theory (AB2) and compare it with other techniques with increasing the size of the basis set. We conclude the AB2 antibonding orbitals are a more robust alternative to the Sano orbitals as initial guesses for valence bond calculations, due to having a useful basis set limit. The AB2 orbitals are also useful for efficiently constructing an active space, and work as good initial guesses for valence excited states. In addition, when combined with the localized occupied orbitals, and relocalized, the result is a set of molecule-adapted minimal basis functions that is built without any reference to atomic orbitals of the free atom. As examples, they are applied to population analysis of halogenated methane derivatives, H-Be-Cl, and \ce{SF6} where they show some advantages relative to good alternative methods.
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22
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Mališ M, Vandaele E, Luber S. Spin-Orbit Couplings for Nonadiabatic Molecular Dynamics at the ΔSCF Level. J Chem Theory Comput 2022; 18:4082-4094. [PMID: 35666703 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c01046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A procedure for the calculation of spin-orbit coupling (SOC) at the delta self-consistent field (ΔSCF) level of theory is presented. Singlet and triplet excited electronic states obtained with the ΔSCF method are expanded into a linear combination of singly excited Slater determinants composed of ground electronic state Kohn-Sham orbitals. This alleviates the nonorthogonality between excited and ground electronic states and introduces a framework, similar to the auxiliary wave function at the time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) level, for the calculation of observables. The ΔSCF observables of the formaldehyde system were compared to reference TD-DFT values. Our procedure gives all components (energies, gradients, nonadiabatic couplings, and SOC terms) at the ΔSCF level of theory for conducting efficient, full-atomistic nonadiabatic molecular dynamics with intersystem crossing, particularly in condensed phase systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momir Mališ
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Eva Vandaele
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Luber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
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23
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Hait D, Oosterbaan KJ, Carter-Fenk K, Head-Gordon M. Computing x-ray absorption spectra from linear-response particles atop optimized holes. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:201104. [PMID: 35649868 DOI: 10.1063/5.0092987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
State specific orbital optimized density functional theory (OO-DFT) methods, such as restricted open-shell Kohn-Sham (ROKS), can attain semiquantitative accuracy for predicting x-ray absorption spectra of closed-shell molecules. OO-DFT methods, however, require that each state be individually optimized. In this Communication, we present an approach to generate an approximate core-excited state density for use with the ROKS energy ansatz, which is capable of giving reasonable accuracy without requiring state-specific optimization. This is achieved by fully optimizing the core-hole through the core-ionized state, followed by the use of electron-addition configuration interaction singles to obtain the particle level. This hybrid approach can be viewed as a DFT generalization of the static-exchange (STEX) method and can attain ∼0.6 eV rms error for the K-edges of C-F through the use of local functionals, such as PBE and OLYP. This ROKS(STEX) approach can also be used to identify important transitions for full OO ROKS treatment and can thus help reduce the computational cost of obtaining OO-DFT quality spectra. ROKS(STEX), therefore, appears to be a useful technique for the efficient prediction of x-ray absorption spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diptarka Hait
- Kenneth S. Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Katherine J Oosterbaan
- Kenneth S. Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Kevin Carter-Fenk
- Kenneth S. Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Martin Head-Gordon
- Kenneth S. Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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24
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Liang J, Feng X, Hait D, Head-Gordon M. Revisiting the Performance of Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory for Electronic Excitations: Assessment of 43 Popular and Recently Developed Functionals from Rungs One to Four. J Chem Theory Comput 2022; 18:3460-3473. [PMID: 35533317 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the performance of more than 40 popular or recently developed density functionals is assessed for the calculation of 463 vertical excitation energies against the large and accurate QuestDB benchmark set. For this purpose, the Tamm-Dancoff approximation offers a good balance between computational efficiency and accuracy. The functionals ωB97X-D and BMK are found to offer the best performance overall with a root-mean square error (RMSE) of around 0.27 eV, better than the computationally more demanding CIS(D) wave function method with a RMSE of 0.36 eV. The results also suggest that Jacob's ladder still holds for time-dependent density functional theory excitation energies, though hybrid meta generalized-gradient approximations (meta-GGAs) are not generally better than hybrid GGAs. Effects of basis set convergence, gauge invariance correction to meta-GGAs, and nonlocal correlation (VV10) are also studied, and practical basis set recommendations are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiashu Liang
- Kenneth S. Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Xintian Feng
- Q-Chem Inc., Pleasanton, California 94588, United States
| | - Diptarka Hait
- Kenneth S. Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Martin Head-Gordon
- Kenneth S. Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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25
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Cunha LA, Hait D, Kang R, Mao Y, Head-Gordon M. Relativistic Orbital-Optimized Density Functional Theory for Accurate Core-Level Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:3438-3449. [PMID: 35412838 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Core-level spectra of 1s electrons of elements heavier than Ne show significant relativistic effects. We combine advances in orbital-optimized density functional theory (OO-DFT) with the spin-free exact two-component (X2C) model for scalar relativistic effects to study K-edge spectra of third period elements. OO-DFT/X2C is found to be quite accurate at predicting energies, yielding a ∼0.5 eV root-mean-square error versus experiment with the modern SCAN (and related) functionals. This marks a significant improvement over the >50 eV deviations that are typical for the popular time-dependent DFT (TDDFT) approach. Consequently, experimental spectra are quite well reproduced by OO-DFT/X2C, sans empirical shifts for alignment. OO-DFT/X2C combines high accuracy with ground state DFT cost and is thus a promising route for computing core-level spectra of third period elements. We also explored K and L edges of 3d transition metals to identify limitations of the OO-DFT/X2C approach in modeling the spectra of heavier atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo A Cunha
- Kenneth S. Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Diptarka Hait
- Kenneth S. Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Richard Kang
- Kenneth S. Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Yuezhi Mao
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Martin Head-Gordon
- Kenneth S. Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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26
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Electric Field Effects on Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting: Perspectives and Outlook. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15041553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The grand challenges in renewable energy lie in our ability to comprehend efficient energy conversion systems, together with dealing with the problem of intermittency via scalable energy storage systems. Relatively little progress has been made on this at grid scale and two overriding challenges still need to be addressed: (i) limiting damage to the environment and (ii) the question of environmentally friendly energy conversion. The present review focuses on a novel route for producing hydrogen, the ultimate clean fuel, from the Sun, and renewable energy source. Hydrogen can be produced by light-driven photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting, but it is very inefficient; rather, we focus here on how electric fields can be applied to metal oxide/water systems in tailoring the interplay with their intrinsic electric fields, and in how this can alter and boost PEC activity, drawing both on experiment and non-equilibrium molecular simulation.
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27
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Boziki A, Baudin P, Liberatore E, Ashari Astani N, Rothlisberger U. A theoretical perspective of the ultrafast transient absorption dynamics of CsPbBr 3. J Comput Chem 2022; 43:577-582. [PMID: 35146764 PMCID: PMC9305422 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Transient absorption spectra (TAS) of lead halide perovskites can provide important insights into the nature of the photoexcited state dynamics of this prototypical class of materials. Here, we perform ground and excited state molecular dynamics (MD) simulations within a restricted open shell Kohn-Sham (ROKS) approach in order to interpret the characteristic features of the TAS of CsPbBr3 . Our results reveal that properties such as the finite temperature band gap, the Stokes shift, and therefore, also the TAS are strongly size-dependent. Our TAS simulations show an early positive red-shifted feature on the fs scale that can be explained by geometric relaxation in the excited state. As excited-state processes can crucially affect the electronic properties of this class of photoactive materials, our observations are an important ingredient for further optimization of lead halide based optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariadni Boziki
- Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pablo Baudin
- Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Elisa Liberatore
- Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Negar Ashari Astani
- Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ursula Rothlisberger
- Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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28
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Kunze L, Hansen A, Grimme S, Mewes JM. PCM-ROKS for the Description of Charge-Transfer States in Solution: Singlet-Triplet Gaps with Chemical Accuracy from Open-Shell Kohn-Sham Reaction-Field Calculations. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:8470-8480. [PMID: 34449230 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The adiabatic energy gap between the lowest singlet and triplet excited states ΔEST is a central property of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters. Since these states are dominated by a charge-transfer character, causing strong orbital-relaxation and environmental effects, an accurate prediction of ΔEST is very challenging, even with modern quantum-chemical excited-state methods. Addressing this major challenge, we present an approach that combines spin-unrestricted (UKS) and restricted open-shell Kohn-Sham (ROKS) self-consistent field calculations with a polarizable-continuum model and range-separated hybrid functionals. Tests on a new representative benchmark set of 27 TADF emitters with accurately known ΔEST values termed STGABS27 reveal a robust and unprecedented performance with a mean absolute deviation of only 0.025 eV (∼0.5 kcal/mol) and few deviations greater than 0.05 eV (∼1 kcal/mol), even in electronically challenging cases. Requiring only two geometry optimizations per molecule at the ROKS/UKS level in a compact double-ζ basis, the approach is computationally efficient and can routinely be applied to molecules with more than 100 atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Kunze
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms Universität Bonn, Beringstraßze 4, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Hansen
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms Universität Bonn, Beringstraßze 4, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms Universität Bonn, Beringstraßze 4, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jan-Michael Mewes
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms Universität Bonn, Beringstraßze 4, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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29
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Zhao R, Grofe A, Wang Z, Bao P, Chen X, Liu W, Gao J. Dynamic-then-Static Approach for Core Excitations of Open-Shell Molecules. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:7409-7417. [PMID: 34328742 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Delta self-consistent-field methods are widely used in studies of electronically excited states. However, the nonaufbau determinants are generally spin-contaminated. Here, we describe a general approach for spin-coupling interactions of open-shell molecules, making use of multistate density functional theory (MSDFT). In particular, the effective exchange integrals that determine spin coupling are obtained by enforcing the multiplet degeneracy of the S+1 state in the MS = S manifold. Consequently, they are consistent with the energy of the high-spin state that is adequately treated by Kohn-Sham density functional theory (DFT) and, thereby, free of double counting of correlation. The method was applied to core excitations of open-shell molecules and compared with those by spin-adapted time-dependent DFT. An excellent agreement with experiment was found employing the BLYP functional and aug-cc-pCVQZ basis set. Overall, MSDFT provides an effective combination of the strengths of DFT and wave function theory to achieve efficiency and accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoqi Zhao
- Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University Changchun 130023, Jilin, China
| | - Adam Grofe
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University Changchun 130023, Jilin, China
| | - Zikuan Wang
- Qingdao Institute for Theoretical and Computational Sciences, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Peng Bao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenjian Liu
- Qingdao Institute for Theoretical and Computational Sciences, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Jiali Gao
- Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
- Department of Chemistry and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455, Minnesota, United States
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30
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Matsika S. Electronic Structure Methods for the Description of Nonadiabatic Effects and Conical Intersections. Chem Rev 2021; 121:9407-9449. [PMID: 34156838 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nonadiabatic effects are ubiquitous in photophysics and photochemistry, and therefore, many theoretical developments have been made to properly describe them. Conical intersections are central in nonadiabatic processes, as they promote efficient and ultrafast nonadiabatic transitions between electronic states. A proper theoretical description requires developments in electronic structure and specifically in methods that describe conical intersections between states and nonadiabatic coupling terms. This review focuses on the electronic structure aspects of nonadiabatic processes. We discuss the requirements of electronic structure methods to describe conical intersections and nonadiabatic couplings, how the most common excited state methods perform in describing these effects, and what the recent developments are in expanding the methodology and implementing nonadiabatic couplings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spiridoula Matsika
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
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31
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Macetti G, Genoni A. Initial Maximum Overlap Method for Large Systems by the Quantum Mechanics/Extremely Localized Molecular Orbital Embedding Technique. J Chem Theory Comput 2021; 17:4169-4182. [PMID: 34196174 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c00388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Quantum chemistry offers a large variety of methods to treat excited states. Many of them are based on a multireference wave function ansatz and are therefore characterized by an intrinsic complexity and high computational costs. To overcome these drawbacks and also some limitations of simpler single-reference approaches (e.g., configuration interaction singles and time-dependent density functional theory), the single-determinant Δself-consistent field-initial maximum overlap method (ΔSCF-IMOM) has been proposed. This strategy substitutes the aufbau principle with a criterion that occupies molecular orbitals at successive SCF iterations on the basis of their maximum overlap with a proper set of guess orbitals for the target excited state. In this way, it prevents the SCF process to collapse to the ground state wave function and provides excited state single Slater determinant solutions to the SCF equations. Here, we propose to extend the applicability of the IMOM to the treatment of localized excited states of large systems. To accomplish this task, we coupled it with the QM/ELMO (quantum mechanics/extremely localized molecular orbitals) strategy, a quantum mechanical embedding method in which the most chemically relevant part of the system is treated with traditional quantum chemical approaches, while the rest is described by extremely localized molecular orbitals transferred from recently constructed libraries or proper model molecules. After presenting the theoretical foundations of the new IMOM/ELMO technique, in this paper, we will show and discuss the results of preliminary test calculations carried out on both model systems (i.e., decanoic acid, decene, decapentaene, and solvated acrolein) and a system of biological interest (flavin mononucleotide in the flavodoxin protein). We observed that, for localized excited states, the new IMOM/ELMO method provides reliable results, and it reproduces the outcomes of fully IMOM calculations within the chemical accuracy threshold (i.e., 0.043 eV) by including only a limited number of atoms in the QM region. Furthermore, the first application of our embedding technique to a larger biological system gave completely plausible results in line with those obtained through more traditional quantum mechanical methods, thus opening the possibility of using the new approach in future investigations of photobiology problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Macetti
- Université de Lorraine & CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoriques (LPCT), UMR CNRS 7019, 1 Boulevard Arago, F-57078 Metz, France
| | - Alessandro Genoni
- Université de Lorraine & CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoriques (LPCT), UMR CNRS 7019, 1 Boulevard Arago, F-57078 Metz, France
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32
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Dobrowolski JC, Dudek WM, Karpińska G, Baraniak A. Substituent Effect in the Cation Radicals of Monosubstituted Benzenes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6936. [PMID: 34203254 PMCID: PMC8269098 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In 30 monosubstituted benzene cation radicals, studied at the ωB97XD/aug-cc-pVTZ level, the phenyl rings usually adopt a compressed form, but a differently compressed form-equivalent to an elongated one-may coexist. The computational and literature ionization potentials are well correlated. The geometrical and magnetic aromaticity, estimated using HOMA and NICS indices, show the systems to be structurally aromatic but magnetically antiaromatic or only weakly aromatic. The partial charge is split between the substituent and ring and varies the most at C(ipso). In the ring, the spin is 70%, concentrated equally at the C(ipso) and C(p) atoms. The sEDA(D) and pEDA(D) descriptors of the substituent effect in cation radicals, respectively, were determined. In cation radicals, the substituent effect on the σ-electron system is like that in the ground state. The effect on the π-electron systems is long-range, and its propagation in the radical quinone-like ring is unlike that in the neutral molecules. The pEDA(D) descriptor correlates well with the partial spin at C(ipso) and C(p) and weakly with the HOMA(D) index. The correlation of the spin at the ring π-electron system and the pEDA(D) descriptor shows that the electron charge supplied to the ring π-electron system and the spin flow oppositely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Cz. Dobrowolski
- National Medicines Institute, 00-725 Warsaw, Poland; (G.K.); (A.B.)
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Wojciech M. Dudek
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland;
| | | | - Anna Baraniak
- National Medicines Institute, 00-725 Warsaw, Poland; (G.K.); (A.B.)
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33
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Hait D, Head-Gordon M. Orbital Optimized Density Functional Theory for Electronic Excited States. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:4517-4529. [PMID: 33961437 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) based modeling of electronic excited states is of importance for investigation of the photophysical/photochemical properties and spectroscopic characterization of large systems. The widely used linear response time-dependent DFT (TDDFT) approach is, however, not effective at modeling many types of excited states, including (but not limited to) charge-transfer states, doubly excited states, and core-level excitations. In this perspective, we discuss state-specific orbital optimized (OO) DFT approaches as an alterative to TDDFT for electronic excited states. We motivate the use of OO-DFT methods and discuss reasons behind their relatively restricted historical usage (vs TDDFT). We subsequently highlight modern developments that address these factors and allow efficient and reliable OO-DFT computations. Several successful applications of OO-DFT for challenging electronic excitations are also presented, indicating their practical efficacy. OO-DFT approaches are thus increasingly becoming a useful route for computing excited states of large chemical systems. We conclude by discussing the limitations and challenges still facing OO-DFT methods, as well as some potential avenues for addressing them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diptarka Hait
- Kenneth S. Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Martin Head-Gordon
- Kenneth S. Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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34
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Noguchi Y, Hiyama M, Shiga M, Akiyama H, Sugino O. Quantum-mechanical hydration plays critical role in the stability of firefly oxyluciferin isomers: State-of-the-art calculations of the excited states. J Chem Phys 2021; 153:201103. [PMID: 33261487 DOI: 10.1063/5.0031356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Stabilizing mechanisms of three possible isomers (phenolate-keto, phenolate-enol, and phenol-enolate) of the oxyluciferin anion hydrated with quantum explicit water molecules in the first singlet excited state were investigated using first-principles Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics simulations for up to 1.8 ns (or 3.7 × 106 MD steps), revealing that the surrounding water molecules were distributed to form clear single-layered structures for phenolate-keto and multi-layered structures for phenolate-enol and phenol-enolate isomers. The isomers employed different stabilizing mechanisms compared to the ground state. Only the phenolate-keto isomer became attracted to the water molecules in its excited state and was stabilized by increasing the number of hydrogen bonds with nearby water molecules. The most stable isomer in the excited state was the phenolate-keto, and the phenolate-enol and phenol-enolate isomers were higher in energy by ∼0.38 eV and 0.57 eV, respectively, than the phenolate-keto. This was in contrast to the case of ground state in which the phenolate-enol was the most stable isomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Noguchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Shizuoka University, Johoku 3-5-1, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 432-8561, Japan
| | - Miyabi Hiyama
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Shiga
- Center for Computational Science and E-Systems, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 148-4 Kashiwanoha Campus, 178-4 Wakashiba, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-0871, Japan
| | - Hidefumi Akiyama
- Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Osamu Sugino
- Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
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35
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Ghosal A, Gupta T, Mahato K, Roy AK. Excitation energies through Becke’s exciton model within a Cartesian-grid KS DFT. Theor Chem Acc 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-020-02699-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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36
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Rettig A, Hait D, Bertels LW, Head-Gordon M. Third-Order Møller-Plesset Theory Made More Useful? The Role of Density Functional Theory Orbitals. J Chem Theory Comput 2020; 16:7473-7489. [PMID: 33161713 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.0c00986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The practical utility of Møller-Plesset (MP) perturbation theory is severely constrained by the use of Hartree-Fock (HF) orbitals. It has recently been shown that the use of regularized orbital-optimized MP2 orbitals and scaling of MP3 energy could lead to a significant reduction in MP3 error [Bertels, L. W.; J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2019, 10, 4170 4176]. In this work, we examine whether density functional theory (DFT)-optimized orbitals can be similarly employed to improve the performance of MP theory at both the MP2 and MP3 levels. We find that the use of DFT orbitals leads to significantly improved performance for prediction of thermochemistry, barrier heights, noncovalent interactions, and dipole moments relative to the standard HF-based MP theory. Indeed, MP3 (with or without scaling) with DFT orbitals is found to surpass the accuracy of coupled-cluster singles and doubles (CCSD) for several data sets. We also found that the results are not particularly functional sensitive in most cases (although range-separated hybrid functionals with low delocalization error perform the best). MP3 based on DFT orbitals thus appears to be an efficient, noniterative O(N6) scaling wave-function approach for single-reference electronic structure computations. Scaled MP2 with DFT orbitals is also found to be quite accurate in many cases, although modern double hybrid functionals are likely to be considerably more accurate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Rettig
- Kenneth S. Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Diptarka Hait
- Kenneth S. Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Luke W Bertels
- Kenneth S. Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Martin Head-Gordon
- Kenneth S. Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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37
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Carter-Fenk K, Herbert JM. State-Targeted Energy Projection: A Simple and Robust Approach to Orbital Relaxation of Non-Aufbau Self-Consistent Field Solutions. J Chem Theory Comput 2020; 16:5067-5082. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.0c00502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Carter-Fenk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - John M. Herbert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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38
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Mališ M, Luber S. Trajectory Surface Hopping Nonadiabatic Molecular Dynamics with Kohn–Sham ΔSCF for Condensed-Phase Systems. J Chem Theory Comput 2020; 16:4071-4086. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.0c00372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Momir Mališ
- University of Zurich, Department of Chemistry, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Luber
- University of Zurich, Department of Chemistry, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
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39
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Neutral excitation density-functional theory: an efficient and variational first-principles method for simulating neutral excitations in molecules. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8947. [PMID: 32488196 PMCID: PMC7265560 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65209-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We introduce neutral excitation density-functional theory (XDFT), a computationally light, generally applicable, first-principles technique for calculating neutral electronic excitations. The concept is to generalise constrained density functional theory to free it from any assumptions about the spatial confinement of electrons and holes, but to maintain all the advantages of a variational method. The task of calculating the lowest excited state of a given symmetry is thereby simplified to one of performing a simple, low-cost sequence of coupled DFT calculations. We demonstrate the efficacy of the method by calculating the lowest single-particle singlet and triplet excitation energies in the well-known Thiel molecular test set, with results which are in good agreement with linear-response time-dependent density functional theory (LR-TDDFT). Furthermore, we show that XDFT can successfully capture two-electron excitations, in principle, offering a flexible approach to target specific effects beyond state-of-the-art adiabatic-kernel LR-TDDFT. Overall the method makes optical gaps and electron-hole binding energies readily accessible at a computational cost and scaling comparable to that of standard density functional theory. Owing to its multiple qualities beneficial to high-throughput studies where the optical gap is of particular interest; namely broad applicability, low computational demand, and ease of implementation and automation, XDFT presents as a viable candidate for research within materials discovery and informatics frameworks.
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40
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Schwermann C, Doltsinis NL. Exciton transfer free energy from Car-Parrinello molecular dynamics. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:10526-10535. [PMID: 31974540 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp06419b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A computational approach is presented which allows the calculation of free energies profiles for exciton transfer processes within the framework of ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations, sampling both the electronic and the nuclear degrees of freedom. To achieve this, restraining potentials are imposed on the centres of maximally localized Wannier orbitals. The resulting quantum-mechanical orbital forces are derived analytically and implemented in an AIMD program. In analogy to classical umbrella sampling techniques, these restraints are used to control an exciton transfer by incrementally moving the Wannier centres corresponding to the electron-hole pair along a suitable reaction coordinate. The new method is applied to study exciton transfer between two stacked penta(3-methylthiophene) molecules as a function of intermolecular distance. From the resulting free energy profiles, exciton transfer rates and diffusion constants are estimated, which prove to be in line with experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schwermann
- Institute of Solid State Theory and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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41
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Dobrowolski JC, Karpińska G. Substituent Effect in the First Excited Triplet State of Monosubstituted Benzenes. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:9477-9490. [PMID: 32363300 PMCID: PMC7191863 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The structure of 30 monosubstituted benzenes in the first excited triplet T1 state was optimized with both unrestricted (U) and restricted open shell (RO) approximations combined with the ωB97XD/aug-cc-pVTZ basis method. The substituents exhibited diverse σ- and π-electron-donating and/or -withdrawing groups. Two different positions of the substituents are observed in the studied compounds in the T1 state: one distorted from the plane and the other coplanar with a quinoidal ring. The majority of the substituents are π-electron donating in the first group while π-electron withdrawing in the second one. Basically, U- and RO-ωB97XD approximations yield concordant results except for the B-substituents and a few of the planar groups. In the T1 state, the studied molecules are not aromatic, yet aromaticity estimated using the HOMA (harmonic oscillator model of aromaticity) index increases from ca. -0.2 to ca. 0.4 with substituent distortion, while in the S1 state, they are only slightly less aromatic than in the ground state (HOMA ≈0.8 vs ≈1.0, respectively). Unexpectedly, the sEDA(T1) and pEDA(T1) substituent effect descriptors do not correlate with analogous parameters for the ground and first excited singlet states. This is because in the T1 state, the geometry of the ring changes dramatically and the sEDA(T1) and pEDA(T1) descriptors do not characterize only the functional group but the entire molecule. Thus, they cannot provide useful scales for the substituents in the T1 states. We found that the spin density in the T1 states is accumulated at the Cipso and Cp atoms, and with the substituent deformation angle, it nonlinearly increases at the former while decreases at the latter. It appeared that the gap between singly unoccupied molecular orbital and singly occupied molecular orbital (SUMO-SOMO) is determined by the change of the SOMO energy because the former is essentially constant. For the nonplanar structures, SOMO correlates with the torsion angle of the substituent and the ground-state pEDA(S0) descriptor of the π-electron-donating substituents ranging from 0.02 to 0.2 e. Finally, shapes of the SOMO-1 instead of SOMO frontier orbitals in the T1 state somehow resemble the highest occupied molecular orbital ones of the S0 and S1 states. For several planar systems, the shape of the U- and RO-density functional theory-calculated SOMO-1 orbitals differs substantially.
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42
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Frank I. Classical Motion of the Nuclei in a Molecule: A Concept Without Alternatives. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202000066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Irmgard Frank
- Universität Hannover, Theoretische Chemie Callinstr. 3 A 30167 Hannover
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43
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Leveillee J, Katan C, Even J, Ghosh D, Nie W, Mohite AD, Tretiak S, Schleife A, Neukirch AJ. Tuning Electronic Structure in Layered Hybrid Perovskites with Organic Spacer Substitution. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:8732-8740. [PMID: 31675242 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b03427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional layered halide organic perovskites (LHOPs) are promising candidates for many optoelectronic applications due to their interesting tunable properties. They provide a unique opportunity to control energy and charge dynamics via the independent tunability of the energy levels within the perovskite and the organic spacer for various optoelectronic applications. In the perovskite layer alone, one can replace the Pb (Sn), the halide (X = I, Br, Cl), the organic component, and the number of layers between the organic spacer layers. In addition, there are many possibilities for organic spacer layers between the perovskite layers, making it difficult for experimental methods to comprehensively explore such an extensive combinatorial space. Of particular technological interest is alignment of electronic levels between the perovskite layer and the organic spacer layer, leading to desired transfer of energy or charge carriers between perovskite and organic components. For example, as band edge absorption is almost entirely attributed to the perovskite layer, one way to demonstrate energy transfer is to observe triplet emission from organic spacers. State-of-the-art computational chemistry tools can be used to predict the properties of many stoichiometries in search for LHOPs that have the most promising electronic-structure features. In this first-principles study, we survey a group of π-conjugated organic spacer candidates for use in triplet light-emitting LHOPs. Utilizing density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT, we calculate the first singlet (S1) and triplet (T1) excitation energy in the ground-state geometry and the first triplet excitation energy in the excited-triplet-state relaxed geometry (T1*). By comparing these energies to the known lowest exciton energy level of PbnX3n+1 perovskite layers (X = I, Br, Cl), we can identify organic spacer and perovskite layer pairings for possible transfer of Wannier excitons from the inorganic perovskite lattice to spin-triplet Frenkel excitons located on the organic cation. We successfully identify ten organic spacer candidates for possible pairing with perovskite layers of specific halide composition to achieve triplet light emission across the visible energy range. Molecular dynamics simulations predict that finite temperatures and perovskite environment have little influence on the average excitation energies of the two common organic spacers naphthylethylammonium (NEA) and phenelethylammonium (PEA). We find significant thermal broadening up to 0.5 eV of the optical excitation energies appearing due to finite temperature effects. The findings herein provide insights into alignment of electronic levels of the conjugated organic spacer with the layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Leveillee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
- Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , United States
| | - Claudine Katan
- Univ Rennes, ENSCR, INSA Rennes, CNRS , ISCR - UMR 6226 , F-35000 Rennes , France
| | - Jacky Even
- Univ Rennes, INSA Rennes, CNRS , Institut FOTON - UMR 6082, F-35000 Rennes , France
| | - Dibyajyoti Ghosh
- Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , United States
| | - Wanyi Nie
- Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , United States
| | - Aditya D Mohite
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Sergei Tretiak
- Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , United States
| | - André Schleife
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
- Materials Research Laboratory , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
- National Center for Supercomputing Applications , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Amanda J Neukirch
- Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , United States
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Tan Z, Hu M, Niu G, Hu Q, Li J, Leng M, Gao L, Tang J. Inorganic antimony halide hybrids with broad yellow emissions. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2019; 64:904-909. [PMID: 36659754 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2019.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Lead halide perovskites exhibit unexceptionable photoelectric properties. However, these materials are unsatisfactory in terms of stability and toxicity. Herein, we report Rb7Sb3Cl16 as a new kind of lead free perovskite variants. This material can be easily obtained through hydrothermal reactions. The composition is determined through structure refinement, elemental analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectra. Rb7Sb3Cl16 exhibits a broad yellow emission at 560 nm, with a Stokes shift of 175 nm and a photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) around 26%. Rb7Sb3Cl16 also shows good thermal and water stability due to its inorganic composition. White light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are constructed by combining Rb7Sb3Cl16 as yellow phosphors, our previously reported Cs2SnCl6:2.75%Bi as blue phosphors, and commercial UV LED chips as the excitation source, producing a white light with the Commission Internationale de'Eclairage (CIE) color coordinates at (0.39, 0.38).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifang Tan
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO) and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Manchen Hu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO) and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Guangda Niu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO) and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Qingsong Hu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO) and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jinghui Li
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO) and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Meiying Leng
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO) and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Liang Gao
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO) and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jiang Tang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO) and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
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Olsen JMH, Bolnykh V, Meloni S, Ippoliti E, Bircher MP, Carloni P, Rothlisberger U. MiMiC: A Novel Framework for Multiscale Modeling in Computational Chemistry. J Chem Theory Comput 2019; 15:3810-3823. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.9b00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jógvan Magnus Haugaard Olsen
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Viacheslav Bolnykh
- Department of Physics, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
- CaSToRC, The Cyprus
Institute, 2121 Aglantzia, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Institute for Advanced Simulation (IAS-5) and Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-9), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Simone Meloni
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Emiliano Ippoliti
- Institute for Advanced Simulation (IAS-5) and Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-9), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Martin P. Bircher
- Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Carloni
- Department of Physics, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
- Institute for Advanced Simulation (IAS-5) and Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-9), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Institute for Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-11), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Ursula Rothlisberger
- Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Pineda Flores SD, Neuscamman E. Excited State Specific Multi-Slater Jastrow Wave Functions. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:1487-1497. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b10671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio D. Pineda Flores
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Eric Neuscamman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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Chen WK, Liu XY, Fang WH, Dral PO, Cui G. Deep Learning for Nonadiabatic Excited-State Dynamics. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:6702-6708. [PMID: 30403870 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b03026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In this work we show that deep learning (DL) can be used for exploring complex and highly nonlinear multistate potential energy surfaces of polyatomic molecules and related nonadiabatic dynamics. Our DL is based on deep neural networks (DNNs), which are used as accurate representations of the CASSCF ground- and excited-state potential energy surfaces (PESs) of CH2NH. After geometries near conical intersection are included in the training set, the DNN models accurately reproduce excited-state topological structures; photoisomerization paths; and, importantly, conical intersections. We have also demonstrated that the results from nonadiabatic dynamics run with the DNN models are very close to those from the dynamics run with the pure ab initio method. The present work should encourage further studies of using machine learning methods to explore excited-state potential energy surfaces and nonadiabatic dynamics of polyatomic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Kai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , China
| | - Xiang-Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , China
| | - Wei-Hai Fang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , China
| | - Pavlo O Dral
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung , Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 , 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr , Germany
| | - Ganglong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , China
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Luo J, Wang X, Li S, Liu J, Guo Y, Niu G, Yao L, Fu Y, Gao L, Dong Q, Zhao C, Leng M, Ma F, Liang W, Wang L, Jin S, Han J, Zhang L, Etheridge J, Wang J, Yan Y, Sargent EH, Tang J. Efficient and stable emission of warm-white light from lead-free halide double perovskites. Nature 2018; 563:541-545. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0691-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 930] [Impact Index Per Article: 155.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Cozza C, Bonomi M, Pietropaolo A. A Versatile Computational Strategy To Characterize the Free-Energy Landscape of Excited States in Oligofluorenes. J Chem Theory Comput 2018; 14:5441-5445. [PMID: 30365313 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.8b00949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The π-rich rings of conjugated polymers and molecular rotors shape their typical properties, allowing a variety of chemical and photoresponsive phenomena. Herein, we present a computational method in the framework of classical simulations to estimate the free-energy gap between ground and excited states of oligofluorenes, which is a class of molecular rotors widely used in optoelectronic devices, because of the inner torsional rotation triggered by light irradiation. We devised multiple sets of free-energy simulations in combination with free-energy perturbation theory to predict the free-energy gap between the ground state and the first excited state. The computed excitation energies show good agreement with experiments. The approach presented herein allows one to achieve comprehensive sampling of the conformational landscape and accurate estimates of the excited state free-energy landscapes at the same time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concetta Cozza
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute , Università di Catanzaro , Viale Europa , 88100 Catanzaro , Italy
| | - Massimiliano Bonomi
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , United Kingdom
| | - Adriana Pietropaolo
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute , Università di Catanzaro , Viale Europa , 88100 Catanzaro , Italy
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