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Raveesh M, Dominguez A, Linne M, Bood J, Hosseinnia A. Interferometric quantum control (IQC) by fs/ns rotational coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (RCARS). OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:38064-38076. [PMID: 38017923 DOI: 10.1364/oe.498169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
A new rotational coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (RCARS) concept based on interferometric quantum control (IQC) is demonstrated. Two wavepackets originating from pure rotational states are created by a femtosecond stimulated rotational Raman interaction. The two Raman responses are instantly probed by a single-mode ns pulse generating two interfering RCARS polarizations. The resulting signal is an IQC-RCARS spectrum detected by a streak camera. Here we demonstrate IQC-interferograms of N2 by varying the temporal separation between the two fs pulses within a full rotational revival period, as well as signal amplification and selective detection of nuclear-spin isomers at room conditions and inside a flame.
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2
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Reply to 'Comment on "Coherent control in the extreme ultraviolet and attosecond regime by synchrotron radiation"'. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3782. [PMID: 34145247 PMCID: PMC8213843 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24029-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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3
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Quantum state holography to reconstruct the molecular wave packet using an attosecond XUV-XUV pump-probe technique. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12981. [PMID: 32737413 PMCID: PMC7395139 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69733-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
An attosecond molecular interferometer is proposed by using a XUV-XUV pump-probe scheme. The interferograms resulting in the photoelectron distributions enable the full reconstruction of the molecular wave packet associated to excited states using a quantum state holographic approach that, to our knowledge, has only been proposed for simple atomic targets combining attosecond XUV pulses with IR light. In contrast with existing works, we investigate schemes where one- and two-photon absorption paths contribute to ionize the hydrogen molecule and show that it is possible to retrieve the excitation dynamics even when imprinted in a minority channel. Furthermore, we provide a systematic analysis of the time-frequency maps that reveal the distinct, but tightly coupled, motion of electrons and nuclei.
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4
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Sovkov VB, Xie F, Lyyra AM, Ahmed EH, Ma J, Jia S. Re-examination of the Cs 2 ground singlet X 1Σ g+ and triplet a 3Σ u+ states. J Chem Phys 2017; 147:104301. [PMID: 28915738 DOI: 10.1063/1.5001481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper clarifies the disagreement in the depth of the potential energy curve of the cesium dimer singlet ground state which has lasted for nearly a decade. We point out that the origin of this disagreement must be a technical misprint in the values of the three binding energies reported by Danzl et al. [Science 321, 1062 (2008)], while the X1Σg+ state potential reported by Coxon and Hajigeorgiou [J. Chem. Phys. 132, 094105 (2010)], based on experimental data by Amiot and Dulieu [J. Chem. Phys. 117, 5155 (2002)], is quite correct. We have recalculated the potential energy function of the triplet ground state a3Σu+ by using the available experimental data spanning both the attractive and the repulsive branches so that the potential energy function complies asymptotically with the singlet ground state X1Σg+ potential energy function by Coxon and Hajigeorgiou. This is important for the simulation of the near dissociation properties such as Feshbach resonances, which are typically observed in modern experiments with ultracold atoms and molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir B Sovkov
- St. Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Feng Xie
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Nuclear Energy Technology, Key Laboratory of Advanced Reactor Engineering and Safety of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - A Marjatta Lyyra
- Physics Department, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122-6082, USA
| | - Ergin H Ahmed
- Physics Department, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122-6082, USA
| | - Jie Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser spectroscopy, College of Physics and Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Suotang Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser spectroscopy, College of Physics and Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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Zhang Y, Deb S, Jónsson H, Weber PM. Observation of Structural Wavepacket Motion: The Umbrella Mode in Rydberg-Excited N-Methyl Morpholine. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:3740-3744. [PMID: 28742348 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b01274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We have observed time-resolved, structural dynamics of a coherent vibrational wavepacket in Rydberg-excited N-methyl morpholine, a molecule with 48 internal degrees of freedom. The molecular structure was established by associating the time-dependent Rydberg electron binding energy, obtained from time-resolved photoionization-photoelectron spectroscopy, to the molecular structure using self-interaction corrected density functional calculations. Optical excitation at 226 nm launches an oscillatory wavepacket in the amine umbrella coordinate with a 650 fs period. Even though the Franck-Condon excitation is at an angle of 17°, the wavepacket settles into an oscillation between 4° and -10° within a fraction of a vibrational period and then dephases with a time constant of 750 fs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Sanghamitra Deb
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Hannes Jónsson
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
- Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Iceland , 107 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Peter M Weber
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
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6
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Katsuki H, Ohmori K. Simultaneous manipulation and observation of multiple ro-vibrational eigenstates in solid para-hydrogen. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:124316. [PMID: 27782629 DOI: 10.1063/1.4963223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We have experimentally performed the coherent control of delocalized ro-vibrational wave packets (RVWs) of solid para-hydrogen (p-H2) by the wave packet interferometry (WPI) combined with coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS). RVWs of solid p-H2 are delocalized in the crystal, and the wave function with wave vector k ∼ 0 is selectively excited via the stimulated Raman process. We have excited the RVW twice by a pair of femtosecond laser pulses with delay controlled by a stabilized Michelson interferometer. Using a broad-band laser pulse, multiple ro-vibrational states can be excited simultaneously. We have observed the time-dependent Ramsey fringe spectra as a function of the inter-pulse delay by a spectrally resolved CARS technique using a narrow-band probe pulse, resolving the different intermediate states. Due to the different fringe oscillation periods among those intermediate states, we can manipulate their amplitude ratio by tuning the inter-pulse delay on the sub-femtosecond time scale. The state-selective manipulation and detection of the CARS signal combined with the WPI is a general and efficient protocol for the control of the interference of multiple quantum states in various quantum systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Katsuki
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Kenji Ohmori
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
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7
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Abstract
Understanding the coupled electronic and nuclear dynamics in molecules by using pump-probe schemes requires not only the use of short enough laser pulses but also wavelengths and intensities that do not modify the intrinsic behavior of the system. In this respect, extreme UV pulses of few-femtosecond and attosecond durations have been recognized as the ideal tool because their short wavelengths ensure a negligible distortion of the molecular potential. In this work, we propose the use of two twin extreme UV pulses to create a molecular interferometer from direct and sequential two-photon ionization processes that leave the molecule in the same final state. We theoretically demonstrate that such a scheme allows for a complete identification of both electronic and nuclear phases in the wave packet generated by the pump pulse. We also show that although total ionization yields reveal entangled electronic and nuclear dynamics in the bound states, doubly differential yields (differential in both electronic and nuclear energies) exhibit in addition the dynamics of autoionization, i.e., of electron correlation in the ionization continuum. Visualization of such dynamics is possible by varying the time delay between the pump and the probe pulses.
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8
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Gelin MF, Tanimura Y, Domcke W. Simulation of femtosecond “double-slit” experiments for a chromophore in a dissipative environment. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:214302. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4832876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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9
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Bredtmann T, Katsuki H, Manz J, Ohmori K, Stemmle C. Wavepacket interferometry for nuclear densities and flux densities. Mol Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2013.780103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timm Bredtmann
- a Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin , Berlin , Germany
| | - Hiroyuki Katsuki
- b Graduate School of Materials Science , Nara Institute of Science and Technology , Ikoma , Japan
| | - Jörn Manz
- a Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin , Berlin , Germany
- c Laser Spectroscopy Laboratory , Shanxi University , Taiyuan , People’s Republic of China
| | - Kenji Ohmori
- d Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences , Okazaki , Japan
- e CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Christian Stemmle
- a Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin , Berlin , Germany
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10
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Two-photon excitations of the Cs2 33Σg+ state: Assignment and analysis with the deformed ab initio potential. Chem Phys Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2012.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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11
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Bhattacharjee A, Dastidar KR. Electromagnetically induced transparency with quantum interferometry. J Chem Phys 2012; 136:084301. [PMID: 22380036 DOI: 10.1063/1.3685419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We have shown that electromagnetically induced transparency can be achieved by control-probe interferometry using two delayed phase-locked ultrashort pulses. Two vibrational wavepackets on the excited state, excited by two delayed phase-locked ultrashort pulses, interfere constructively or destructively leading to enhancement or suppression of absorption to a selective set of vibrational levels. Depending on the phase difference and the delay between the pulses with same carrier frequency, one can design different transparency windows between absorption peaks at consecutive even(odd) vibrational levels by eliminating absorption at odd(even) vibrational levels. We have shown that by switching the phase difference of two delayed femtosecond pulses, one can switch to complete elimination of absorption from enhanced absorption to a particular set of vibrational levels in the excited state. Thus, switching of transparency through window between odd vibrational levels to that between even vibrational levels is possible. By properly choosing the temporal width and the carrier frequency of the pulses, lossless transmission of complete or bands of frequencies of the pulses can be achieved through these transparency windows. Hence, designing of single- or multi-mode transparency windows in NaH molecule is feasible by control-probe quantum interferometry.
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HAN YONGCHANG, YUAN KAIJUN, CONG SHULIN. CONTROLLING WAVE PACKET INTERFERENCE OF DISSOCIATING MOLECULES BY SHAPING LASER PULSES IN FREQUENCY DOMAIN. JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL & COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219633608004453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The interference of dissociating wave packets for the Br 2 molecule in femtosecond laser field is studied theoretically using time-dependent quantum wave packet method. The interference of dissociating wave packets can be determined by the spectrum of laser field. By shaping laser pulses in frequency domain, the corresponding R- and v-dependent density functions can be effectively controlled. Compared with the 2-pulse excitation scheme, the resolution of the interference patterns can be improved by using 3- and 4-pulse excitation schemes. The dissociating velocity can be steered by varying laser parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- YONG-CHANG HAN
- Department of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - KAI-JUN YUAN
- Department of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - SHU-LIN CONG
- Department of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People's Republic of China
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13
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Korolkov MV, Weitzel KM. Femtosecond interferometry of molecular dynamics – the role of relative and absolute phase of two individual laser pulses. Z PHYS CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1524/zpch.2011.0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Dynamical implications of the dissociation of a molecular ion under the influence of interferometrically generated light fields have been investigated by numerical solution of time dependent Schrödinger equations. As an example the dissociation of DCl+ ions by means of two interfering 7 fs laser pulses at 800 nm has been chosen. We demonstrate that product branching ratios D+:Cl+ can be manipulated from 10:1 to 1:10 not only by adjusting the appropriate delay time in the time-shifted two-pulse approach, but also by choosing the proper carrier envelope phase (CEP) of the two partial light fields. The effects of the phase shift related to the time shift and that of the CEP can be clearly distinguished.
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14
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Katsuki H, Chiba H, Meier C, Girard B, Ohmori K. Wave packet interferometry with attosecond precision and picometric structure. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:5189-98. [PMID: 20405071 DOI: 10.1039/b927518e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Wave packet (WP) interferometry is applied to the vibrational WPs of the iodine molecule. Interference fringes of quantum waves weave highly regular space-time images called "quantum carpets." The structure of the carpet has picometre and femtosecond resolutions, and changes drastically depending on the amplitudes and phases of the vibrational eigenstates composing the WP. In this review, we focus on the situation where quantum carpets are created by two counter-propagating nuclear vibrational WPs. Such WPs can be prepared with either a single or double femtosecond (fs) laser pulse. In the single pulse scheme, the relevant situation appears around the half revival time. Similar situations can be generated with a pair of fs laser pulses whose relative phase is stabilized on the attosecond time scale. In the latter case we can design the quantum carpet by controlling the timing between the phase-locked pulses. We demonstrate this carpet design and visualize the designed carpets by the fs pump-probe measurements, tuning the probe wavelength to resolve the WP density-distribution along the internuclear axis with ~3 pm spatial resolution and ~100 fs temporal resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Katsuki
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan.
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15
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Ferraz J, Acioli LH, Vianna SS. One- and two-photon quantum interferences in parametric four-wave mixing. OPTICS LETTERS 2010; 35:375-377. [PMID: 20125726 DOI: 10.1364/ol.35.000375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We report the observation of the interferometric response in parametric four-wave mixing in rubidium atoms excited by a pair of ultrashort pulses. For pulses with orthogonal polarizations and in the presence of the two-photon transition 5S-5D reveals a one-photon quantum interference, in contrast to the optical interference observed when the pulses have parallel polarization. For opposite circular polarizations no interference is observed in the fluorescence of the two-photon transition, in contrast to the one- and two-photon interferences exhibited in the nonlinear process.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ferraz
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
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16
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Abstract
This review summarizes progress in coherent control as well as relevant recent achievements, highlighting, among several different schemes of coherent control, wave-packet interferometry (WPI). WPI is a fundamental and versatile scenario used to control a variety of quantum systems with a sequence of short laser pulses whose relative phase is finely adjusted to control the interference of electronic or nuclear wave packets (WPs). It is also useful in retrieving quantum information such as the amplitudes and phases of eigenfunctions superposed to generate a WP. Experimental and theoretical efforts to retrieve both the amplitude and phase information are recounted. This review also discusses information processing based on the eigenfunctions of atoms and molecules as one of the modern and future applications of coherent control. The ultrafast coherent control of ultracold atoms and molecules and the coherent control of complex systems are briefly discussed as future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Ohmori
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences; The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI); and CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
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17
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Katsuki H, Chiba H, Meier C, Girard B, Ohmori K. Actively tailored spatiotemporal images of quantum interference on the picometer and femtosecond scales. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 102:103602. [PMID: 19392112 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.102.103602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Interference fringes of quantum waves weave highly regular space-time images, which could be seen in various wave systems such as wave packets in atoms and molecules, Bose-Einstein condensates, and fermions in a box potential. We have experimentally designed and visualized spatiotemporal images of dynamical quantum interferences of two counterpropagating nuclear wave packets in the iodine molecule; the wave packets are generated with a pair of femtosecond laser pulses whose relative phase is locked within the attosecond time scale. The design of the image has picometer and femtosecond resolutions, and changes drastically as we change the relative phase of the laser pulses, providing a direct spatiotemporal control of quantum interferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Katsuki
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
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18
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Breunig HG, Urbasch G, Weitzel KM. Phase control of molecular fragmentation with a pair of femtosecond-laser pulses. J Chem Phys 2008; 128:121101. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2898092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Mudrich M, Stienkemeier F, Droppelmann G, Claas P, Schulz CP. Quantum interference spectroscopy of rubidium-helium exciplexes formed on helium nanodroplets. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 100:023401. [PMID: 18232865 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.023401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Femtosecond multiphoton pump-probe photoionization is applied to helium nanodroplets doped with rubidium (Rb). The yield of Rb+ ions features pronounced quantum interference (QI) fringes demonstrating the coherence of a superposition of electronic states on a time scale of tens of picoseconds. Furthermore, we observe QI in the yield of formed RbHe exciplex molecules. The quantum interferogram allows us to determine the vibrational structure of these unstable molecules. From a sliced Fourier analysis one cannot only extract the population dynamics of vibrational states but also follow their energetic evolution during the RbHe formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mudrich
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
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20
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Ohmori K. Development of ultrahigh-precision coherent control and its applications. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2008; 84:167-75. [PMID: 18941296 PMCID: PMC3665367 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.84.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2008] [Accepted: 03/31/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Coherent control is based on optical manipulation of the amplitudes and phases of wave functions. It is expected to be a key technique to develop novel quantum technologies such as bond-selective chemistry and quantum computing, and to better understand the quantum worldview founded on wave-particle duality. We have developed high-precision coherent control by imprinting optical amplitudes and phases of ultrashort laser pulses on the quantum amplitudes and phases of molecular wave functions. The history and perspective of coherent control and our recent achievements are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Ohmori
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Aichi, Japan.
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21
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Humble TS, Cina JA. Nonlinear wave-packet interferometry and molecular state reconstruction in a vibrating and rotating diatomic molecule. J Phys Chem B 2007; 110:18879-92. [PMID: 16986879 DOI: 10.1021/jp0567669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We formulate two-color nonlinear wave-packet interferometry (WPI) for application to a diatomic molecule in the gas phase and show that this form of heterodyne-detected multidimensional electronic spectroscopy will permit the reconstruction of photoinduced rovibrational wave packets from experimental data. Using two phase-locked pulse pairs, each resonant with a different electronic transition, nonlinear WPI detects the quadrilinear interference contributions to the population of an excited electronic state. Combining measurements taken with different phase-locking angles isolates various quadrilinear interference terms. One such term gives the complex overlap between a propagated one-pulse target wave packet and a variable three-pulse reference wave packet. The two-dimensional interferogram in the time domain specifies the complex-valued overlap of the given target state with a collection of variable reference states. An inversion procedure based on singular-value decomposition enables reconstruction of the target wave packet from the interferogram without prior detailed characterization of the nuclear Hamiltonian under which the target propagates. With numerically calculated nonlinear WPI signals subject to Gaussian noise, we demonstrate the reconstruction of a rovibrational wave packet launched from the A state and propagated in the E state of Li2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis S Humble
- Department of Chemistry and Oregon Center for Optics, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, USA
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Dai X, Leone SR. Control of wave packets in Li(2) by shaping the pump and probe pulses for a state-selected pump-probe analysis of the ionization continuum. J Chem Phys 2007; 127:014312. [PMID: 17627351 DOI: 10.1063/1.2745793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Wave packet signals in Li(2) prepared by shaped pump pulses are also detected with state-selected shaped probe pulses in the ionization continuum. The results show that the final states are discrete Rydberg states instead of continuum states. Final autoionizing states in the continuum are observed and characterized. By selecting specific resonant rovibrational electronic transitions from the superposition states prepared in the wave packets to the final autoionizing states with the pulse shaping system, the modulation depths of the wave packet signals are increased by as much as 5.20+/-0.03 times. Control of the wave packets is also realized by shaping the probe pulses to select specific resonant transitions between the states in the wave packets and the highly excited Rydberg states. The detected amplitude ratio of one specific vibrational quantum beat to one specific rotational quantum beat can be decreased by ten times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingcan Dai
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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23
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Cao Y, Zhang L, Yang Y, Sun Z, Wang Z. Molecular rovibrational dynamics investigated by two-photon wavepacket interferometry with phase-locked pulse pairs. Chem Phys Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2007.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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24
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Bhattacharjee† A, Dastidar KR. Control of de-excitation to selected vibrational levels in the ground state of NaH molecule using two broadband ultrashort pulses. Mol Phys 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00268970600795083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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25
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Ohmori K, Katsuki H, Chiba H, Honda M, Hagihara Y, Fujiwara K, Sato Y, Ueda K. Real-time observation of phase-controlled molecular wave-packet interference. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2006; 96:093002. [PMID: 16606260 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.96.093002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2005] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The quantum interference of two molecular wave packets has been precisely controlled in the B electronic state of the I2 molecule by using a pair of fs laser pulses whose relative phase is locked within the attosecond time scale and its real-time evolution has been observed by another fs laser pulse. It is clearly observed that the temporal evolution changes drastically as a function of the relative phase between the locked pulses, allowing us to read both amplitude and phase information stored in the wave functions of the molecular ensemble.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Ohmori
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan.
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26
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Wang SM, Cong SL, Yuan KJ, Niu YY. Photoionization of NO molecule in two-color femtosecond pulse laser fields. Chem Phys Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2005.09.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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27
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Barros HG, Lozano W, Vianna SS, Acioli LH. Influence of propagation and external phase in sequential two-photon absorption of femtosecond pulses. OPTICS LETTERS 2005; 30:3081-3. [PMID: 16315728 DOI: 10.1364/ol.30.003081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We study the influence of shaping the phase of the optical field when time-delayed femtosecond pulse pairs excite a sequential two-photon transition in rubidium atoms. Propagation through this optically dense medium modifies the pulse profile. When an external phase is introduced into one of the pulses, partial cancellation of the two-photon absorption signal is observed for temporal delays much greater than the pulse duration. This behavior is qualitatively explained in terms of a negative group delay.
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Affiliation(s)
- H G Barros
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Brazil
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28
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Ferraz J, Felinto D, Acioli LH, Vianna SS. Quantum interference in atomic vapor observed by four-wave mixing with incoherent light. OPTICS LETTERS 2005; 30:1876-8. [PMID: 16092375 DOI: 10.1364/ol.30.001876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Pairs of pulses from an incoherent source are used to investigate the time-resolved four-wave mixing response of atomic rubidium when a two-photon resonance is involved in the nonlinear process. By varying the relative polarization of the pulse pairs, we are able to select the quantum pathways and clearly distinguish optical and quantum interferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ferraz
- Departmento de Física, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE 5067-901, Brazil.
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29
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Ohtsuki Y. Simulating the Deutsch–Jozsa algorithm using vibrational states of I2 excited by optimally designed gate pulses. Chem Phys Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2005.01.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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30
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Martínez-Galicia R, Romero-Rochín V. Molecular wave packet interferometry and quantum entanglement. J Chem Phys 2005; 122:094101. [PMID: 15836106 DOI: 10.1063/1.1852456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We study wave packet interferometry (WPI) considering the laser pulse fields both classical and quantum mechanically. WPI occurs in a molecule after subjecting it to the interaction with a sequence of phase-locked ultrashort laser pulses. Typically, the measured quantity is the fluorescence of the molecule from an excited electronic state. This signal has imprinted the interference of the vibrational wave packets prepared by the different laser pulses of the sequence. The consideration of the pulses as quantum entities in the analysis allows us to study the entanglement of the laser pulse states with the molecular states. With a simple model for the molecular system, plus several justified approximations, we solve for the fully quantum mechanical molecule-electromagnetic field state. We then study the reduced density matrices of the molecule and the laser pulses separately. We calculate measurable corrections to the case where the fields are treated classically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Martínez-Galicia
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de México, Apartado Postal 20-364, 01000 México, Distrito Federal, Mexico
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31
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Fushitani M, Bargheer M, Gühr M, Schwentner N. Pump–probe spectroscopy with phase-locked pulses in the condensed phase: decoherence and control of vibrational wavepackets. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2005; 7:3143-9. [PMID: 16240025 DOI: 10.1039/b509153e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Electronic and vibrational coherences of Cl2 embedded in solid Ar are investigated by exciting to the B state with a phase-locked pulse pair from an unbalanced Michelson interferometer, where the chirp difference matches the B state anharmonicity. Recording the A' --> X fluorescence after relaxation is compared to probing to charge transfer states by a third pulse. The three-pulse experiment delivers more details on the decoherence processes. The signal modulation due to phase tuning up to the third vibrational round-trip time indicates that the electronic coherence in the B <-- X transition is preserved for more than 660 fs in the solid Ar environment where many body electronic interactions take place. Vibrational coherence lasts longer than 3 ps according to the observed half revival of the wavepacket. Control of the coupling between wavepacket motion and lattice oscillation is demonstrated by tuning the relative phase between the phase-locked pulses, preparing wavepackets predominantly composed of either zero-phonon lines or phonon side bands.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fushitani
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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32
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Dantus M, Lozovoy VV. Experimental Coherent Laser Control of Physicochemical Processes. Chem Rev 2004; 104:1813-59. [PMID: 15080713 DOI: 10.1021/cr020668r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Dantus
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.
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33
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Ohmori K, Sato Y, Nikitin EE, Rice SA. High-precision molecular wave-packet interferometry with HgAr dimers. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2003; 91:243003. [PMID: 14683114 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.91.243003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Molecular wave-packet (WP) interferometry has been demonstrated in the A electronic state of the HgAr van der Waals complex with two time-delayed UV fs pulses at 254 nm. The interferograms of three vibrational levels in the WP's display almost 100% fringe contrast as a function of the interpulse delay tau, which is tuned with sub-10 as stability and resolution. It is clearly observed that the three interferograms show their dephasing and rephasing within a single vibrational period, allowing us to prepare arbitrary relative populations of the three levels by adjusting a single parameter tau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Ohmori
- Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan.
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34
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Wollenhaupt M, Assion A, Liese D, Sarpe-Tudoran C, Baumert T, Zamith S, Bouchene MA, Girard B, Flettner A, Weichmann U, Gerber G. Interferences of ultrashort free electron wave packets. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2002; 89:173001. [PMID: 12398664 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.89.173001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Interferences of free electron wave packets generated by a pair of identical, time-delayed, femtosecond laser pulses which ionize excited atomic potassium have been observed. Two different schemes are investigated: threshold electrons produced by one-photon ionization with parallel laser polarization and above threshold ionization electrons produced by a two-photon transition with crossed laser polarization. Our results show that the temporal coherence of light pulses is transferred to free electron wave packets, thus opening the door to a whole variety of exciting experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Wollenhaupt
- Universität Kassel, Fachbereich Physik, Heinrich-Plett-Strasse 40, D-34132 Kassel, Germany
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35
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Skovsen E, Machholm M, Ejdrup T, Thøgersen J, Stapelfeldt H. Imaging and control of interfering wave packets in a dissociating molecule. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2002; 89:133004. [PMID: 12225023 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.89.133004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2002] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Using two identical 110 femtosecond (fs) optical pulses separated by 310 fs, we launch two dissociative wave packets in I2. We measure the square of the wave function as a function of both the internuclear separation, /Psi(R)/(2), and of the internuclear velocity, /Psi(v(R))/(2), by ionizing the dissociating molecule with an intense 20 fs probe pulse. Strong interference is observed in both /Psi(R)/(2) and in /Psi(v(R))/(2). The interference, and therefore the shape of the wave function, is controlled through the phase difference between the two dissociation pulses in good agreement with calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esben Skovsen
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Arhus, DK-8000 Arhus C, Denmark
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36
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37
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Ohmori K, Nakamura M, Chiba H, Amano K, Okunishi M, Sato Y. Development of attosecond optical-phase manipulation for the wave-packet engineering. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s1010-6030(01)00560-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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38
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Warmuth C, Tortschanoff A, Milota F, Leibscher M, Shapiro M, Prior Y, Averbukh IS, Schleich W, Jakubetz W, Kauffmann HF. Molecular quantum dynamics in a thermal system: Fractional wave packet revivals probed by random-phase fluorescence interferometry. J Chem Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1369661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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39
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Oldenburg AL, John PC, Eden JG. Vibrational wave packets in the B 1Πu and D 1Σu+ states of Cs2: Determination of improved Cs2+(X) and Cs2(B) spectroscopic constants. J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1326065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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40
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41
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Hertz E, Faucher O, Lavorel B, Chaux R. Controlling molecular alignment rephasing through interference of Raman-induced rotational coherence. J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1309526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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42
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Optimal control of molecular states in a learning loop with a parameterization in frequency and time domain. Chem Phys Lett 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(00)00810-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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43
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Felinto D, Acioli LH, Vianna SS. Temporal coherent control of a sequential transition in rubidium atoms. OPTICS LETTERS 2000; 25:917-919. [PMID: 18064226 DOI: 10.1364/ol.25.000917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
An experimental investigation of the coherent interaction of femtosecond pulses with two resonant sequential transitions of Rb atoms is presented. Fluorescence from the atomic system exhibits beating at a frequency given by difference in the sequential atomic transitions. The results are interpreted in terms of quantum interference in the induced coherence and its interaction with the field that results from a cooperative emission process.
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44
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Weida MJ, Ogawa S, Petek H. Comment on "Coherence and relaxation in potassium-doped helium droplets studied by femtosecond pump-probe Spectroscopy". PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2000; 84:4509. [PMID: 10990723 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.84.4509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/1999] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- MJ Weida
- Advanced Research Laboratory, Hitachi, Ltd. Hatoyama, Saitama 350-0395, Japan
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45
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Warmuth C, Tortschanoff A, Milota F, Shapiro M, Prior Y, Averbukh IS, Schleich W, Jakubetz W, Kauffmann HF. Studying vibrational wavepacket dynamics by measuring fluorescence interference fluctuations. J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.481060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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46
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Albrecht AW, Hybl JD, Gallagher Faeder SM, Jonas DM. Experimental distinction between phase shifts and time delays: Implications for femtosecond spectroscopy and coherent control of chemical reactions. J Chem Phys 1999. [DOI: 10.1063/1.480457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
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47
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Nicole C, Bouchène MA, Meier C, Magnier S, Schreiber E, Girard B. Competition of different ionization pathways in K2 studied by ultrafast pump–probe spectroscopy: A comparison between theory and experiment. J Chem Phys 1999. [DOI: 10.1063/1.480121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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