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Polok K, Gadomski W, Ratajska-Gadomska B. Femtosecond optical Kerr effect setup with signal "live view" for measurements in the solid, liquid, and gas phases. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2015; 86:103109. [PMID: 26520942 DOI: 10.1063/1.4932531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We present the experimental setup constructed in our laboratory for measurement of the femtosecond optical Kerr effect. The setup allows measurements with high temporal resolution and acquisition speed. The high signal to noise ratio is obtained with use of a homemade balanced detector. Due to the high acquisition speed and good signal to noise ratio, it is possible to have a "live view" of the signal and to easily tune the sample position and orientation before the measurement. We show the example results obtained in the solid, liquid, and the gas phases and we use them in order to check on the precision of our setup. As the samples we have used a YAG crystal, liquid acetone, and atmospheric air. In the latter two cases, a good agreement with the literature data has been found. The measurements in the gas phase confirm that our setup, although utilizing low energy pulses from the sapphire oscillator, is able to acquire high quality rotational signal in a low density sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Polok
- Laboratory of Physicochemistry of Dielectrics and Magnetics, Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, ul. Żwirki i Wigury 101, 01-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - W Gadomski
- Laboratory of Physicochemistry of Dielectrics and Magnetics, Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, ul. Żwirki i Wigury 101, 01-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - B Ratajska-Gadomska
- Laboratory of Physicochemistry of Dielectrics and Magnetics, Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, ul. Żwirki i Wigury 101, 01-089 Warsaw, Poland
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Shirota H, Kakinuma S. Temperature Dependence of Low-Frequency Spectra in Molten Bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide Salts of Imidazolium Cations Studied by Femtosecond Raman-Induced Kerr Effect Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:9835-46. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b01776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Shirota
- Department of Nanomaterial Science & Department of Chemistry, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Shohei Kakinuma
- Department of Nanomaterial Science & Department of Chemistry, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
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Taschin A, Bartolini P, Marcelli A, Righini R, Torre R. Supercooling and freezing processes in nanoconfined water by time-resolved optical Kerr effect spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2015; 27:194107. [PMID: 25924077 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/27/19/194107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Using heterodyne-detected optical Kerr effect (HD-OKE) measurements, we investigate the vibrational dynamics and the structural relaxation of water nanoconfined in Vycor porous silica samples (pore size ≃ 4 nm) at different levels of hydration and temperatures. At low levels of hydration corresponding to two complete superficial water layers, no freezing occurs and the water remains mobile at all the investigated temperatures with dynamic features similar, but not equal to, the bulk water. The fully hydrated sample shows the formation of ice at about 248 K. This process does not involve all the contained water; a part of it remains in a supercooled phase. The structural relaxation times measured from the decay of the time-dependent HD-OKE signal shows the temperature dependence largely affected by the hydration level; the low frequency (ν < 500 cm(-1)) vibrational spectra obtained by the Fourier transforms of the HD-OKE signal appear less affected by confinement.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Taschin
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy (LENS), Università di Firenze, Via N. Carrara 1, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
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Taschin A, Bartolini P, Eramo R, Righini R, Torre R. Optical Kerr effect of liquid and supercooled water: the experimental and data analysis perspective. J Chem Phys 2015; 141:084507. [PMID: 25173021 DOI: 10.1063/1.4893557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The time-resolved optical Kerr effect spectroscopy (OKE) is a powerful experimental tool enabling accurate investigations of the dynamic phenomena in molecular liquids. We introduced innovative experimental and fitting procedures, that enable a safe deconvolution of sample response function from the instrumental function. This is a critical issue in order to measure the dynamics of liquid water. We report OKE data on water measuring intermolecular vibrations and the structural relaxation processes in an extended temperature range, inclusive of the supercooled states. The unpreceded data quality makes possible a solid comparison with few theoretical models: the multi-mode Brownian oscillator model, the Kubo's discrete random jump model, and the schematic mode-coupling model. All these models produce reasonable good fits of the OKE data of stable liquid water, i.e., over the freezing point. The features of water dynamics in the OKE data becomes unambiguous only at lower temperatures, i.e., for water in the metastable supercooled phase. We found that the schematic mode-coupling model provides the more rigorous and complete model for water dynamics, even if its intrinsic hydrodynamic approach does not give a direct access to the molecular information.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Taschin
- European Lab. for Non-Linear Spectroscopy (LENS), Univ. di Firenze, via N. Carrara 1, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - P Bartolini
- European Lab. for Non-Linear Spectroscopy (LENS), Univ. di Firenze, via N. Carrara 1, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - R Eramo
- European Lab. for Non-Linear Spectroscopy (LENS), Univ. di Firenze, via N. Carrara 1, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - R Righini
- European Lab. for Non-Linear Spectroscopy (LENS), Univ. di Firenze, via N. Carrara 1, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - R Torre
- European Lab. for Non-Linear Spectroscopy (LENS), Univ. di Firenze, via N. Carrara 1, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
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Taschin A, Bartolini P, Eramo R, Righini R, Torre R. Evidence of two distinct local structures of water from ambient to supercooled conditions. Nat Commun 2014; 4:2401. [PMID: 24029922 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The liquid and supercooled states of water show a series of anomalies whose nature is debated. A key role is attributed to the formation of structural aggregates induced by critical phenomena occurring deep in the supercooled region; the nature of the water anomalies and of the hidden critical processes remains elusive. Here we report a time-resolved optical Kerr effect investigation of the vibrational dynamics and relaxation processes in supercooled bulk water. The experiment measures the water intermolecular vibrations and the structural relaxation process in an extended temperature range, and with unprecedented data quality. A mode-coupling analysis of the experimental data enables to characterize the intermolecular vibrational modes and their interplay with the structural relaxation process. The results bring evidence of the coexistence of two local configurations, which are interpreted as high-density and low-density water forms, with an increasing weight of the latter at low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Taschin
- European Lab for Non-Linear Spectroscopy (LENS), Univ. di Firenze, via N. Carrara 1, Sesto Fiorentino, I-50019 Firenze, Italy
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Palombo F, Paolantoni M, Sassi P, Morresi A, Giorgini MG. Molecular dynamics of liquid acetone determined by depolarized Rayleigh and low-frequency Raman scattering spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:16197-207. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp21806a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Smith NA, Meech SR. Optically-heterodyne-detected optical Kerr effect (OHD-OKE): Applications in condensed phase dynamics. INT REV PHYS CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/01442350110092701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Shirota H, Fujisawa T, Fukazawa H, Nishikawa K. Ultrafast Dynamics in Aprotic Molecular Liquids: A Femtosecond Raman-Induced Kerr Effect Spectroscopic Study. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2009. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.82.1347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Torre R, Ricci M, Bartolini P, Dreyfus C, Pick RM. Time-resolved optical Kerr effect in m-toluidine: A test of mode-coupling theory predictions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/13642819908223075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Torre
- a European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy , Istituto Nazionale di Fisica delia Materia (Unità di Firenze), Università di Firenze , Largo E. Fermi 2, 50125 , Florence , Italy
| | - M. Ricci
- a European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy , Istituto Nazionale di Fisica delia Materia (Unità di Firenze), Università di Firenze , Largo E. Fermi 2, 50125 , Florence , Italy
- c Dipartimento di Chimica , Università delia Basilicata , 85100 , Potenza , Italy
| | - P. Bartolini
- a European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy , Istituto Nazionale di Fisica delia Materia (Unità di Firenze), Università di Firenze , Largo E. Fermi 2, 50125 , Florence , Italy
| | - C. Dreyfus
- b Laboratorie des Milieux Desordonnes et Heterogenes-UMR 7603, Case 86 , Universite Pierre et Marie Curie 4 , place Jussieu, 75252 , Paris , Cedex , 05 , France
| | - R. M. Pick
- b Laboratorie des Milieux Desordonnes et Heterogenes-UMR 7603, Case 86 , Universite Pierre et Marie Curie 4 , place Jussieu, 75252 , Paris , Cedex , 05 , France
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Ricci M, Bartolini P, Torre R. Fast dynamics of a fragile glass former by time-resolved spectroscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/13642810208223143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Ricci
- a Dipartimento di Chimica Fisica , Università della Basilicata, and Istituto per la Fisica della Materia , Unità di, Napoli , Italy
- b European Laboratory of Nonlinear Spectroscopy , Università di Firenze, Largo E.Fermi 2, I-50125 , Firenze , Italy
| | - P. Bartolini
- b European Laboratory of Nonlinear Spectroscopy , Università di Firenze, Largo E.Fermi 2, I-50125 , Firenze , Italy
- c Istituto Nazionale per la Fisica della Materia (Firenze) , Largo E.Fermi 2, I-50125 , Firenze , Italy
| | - R. Torre
- b European Laboratory of Nonlinear Spectroscopy , Università di Firenze, Largo E.Fermi 2, I-50125 , Firenze , Italy
- c Istituto Nazionale per la Fisica della Materia (Firenze) , Largo E.Fermi 2, I-50125 , Firenze , Italy
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Prevosto D, Bartolini P, Torre R, Capaccioli S, Ricci M, Taschin A, Pisignano D, Lucchesi M. Structural relaxation process in glass-forming liquids: A comparison between the optical Kerr effect and dielectric spectroscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/13642810208223144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Prevosto
- a Dipartimento di Fisica and Istituto Nazionale per la Fisica della Materia (Unità di Pisa) , Università di Pisa , Via F. Buonarroti, 56127 , Pisa , Italy
| | - P. Bartolini
- b European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy , Università di Firenze, Largo E. Fermi 2 , 1-50125 , Firenze , Italy
- c Istituto Nazionale per la Fisica della Materia (Unità di Firenze), Largo E. Fermi 2 , 1-50125 , Firenze , Italy
| | - R. Torre
- b European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy , Università di Firenze, Largo E. Fermi 2 , 1-50125 , Firenze , Italy
- c Istituto Nazionale per la Fisica della Materia (Unità di Firenze), Largo E. Fermi 2 , 1-50125 , Firenze , Italy
| | - S. Capaccioli
- a Dipartimento di Fisica and Istituto Nazionale per la Fisica della Materia (Unità di Pisa) , Università di Pisa , Via F. Buonarroti, 56127 , Pisa , Italy
| | - M. Ricci
- a Dipartimento di Fisica and Istituto Nazionale per la Fisica della Materia (Unità di Pisa) , Università di Pisa , Via F. Buonarroti, 56127 , Pisa , Italy
- d Dipartimento di Chimica Fisica , Università della Basilicata and Istituto Nazionale per la Fisica della Materia (Unità di Napoli) , Italy
| | - A. Taschin
- b European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy , Università di Firenze, Largo E. Fermi 2 , 1-50125 , Firenze , Italy
- c Istituto Nazionale per la Fisica della Materia (Unità di Firenze), Largo E. Fermi 2 , 1-50125 , Firenze , Italy
- e Dipartimento di Fisica , Università di Firenze , Largo E. Fermi 2, 1-50125 , Firenze , Italy
| | - D. Pisignano
- a Dipartimento di Fisica and Istituto Nazionale per la Fisica della Materia (Unità di Pisa) , Università di Pisa , Via F. Buonarroti, 56127 , Pisa , Italy
| | - M. Lucchesi
- a Dipartimento di Fisica and Istituto Nazionale per la Fisica della Materia (Unità di Pisa) , Università di Pisa , Via F. Buonarroti, 56127 , Pisa , Italy
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Ehlers F, Lenzer T, Oum K. Excited-State Dynamics of 12′-Apo-β-caroten-12′-al and 8′-Apo-β-caroten-8′-al in Supercritical CO2, N2O, and CF3H. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:16690-700. [DOI: 10.1021/jp807086n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Ehlers
- Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, Abt. Spektroskopie und Photochemische Kinetik (10100), Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany, and Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Tammannstrasse 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Lenzer
- Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, Abt. Spektroskopie und Photochemische Kinetik (10100), Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany, and Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Tammannstrasse 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kawon Oum
- Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, Abt. Spektroskopie und Photochemische Kinetik (10100), Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany, and Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Tammannstrasse 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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Heisler IA, Meech SR. Polarization-Resolved Ultrafast Polarizability Relaxation in Polar Aromatic Liquids. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:12976-84. [DOI: 10.1021/jp805862z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ismael A. Heisler
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen R. Meech
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
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Azzimani A, Dreyfus C, Pick RM, Bartolini P, Taschin A, Torre R. Analysis of a heterodyne-detected transient-grating experiment on a molecular supercooled liquid. II. Application to m-toluidine. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2007; 76:011510. [PMID: 17677453 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.76.011510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports the first detailed analysis of a transient grating (TG) experiment on a supercooled molecular liquid, m-toluidine, from 330K (1.75Tg) to 190K (1.01Tg) based on the theoretical model presented in Paper I of this series. This method allows one to give a precise description, over a wide dynamical range, of the different physical phenomena giving rise to the signals. Disentangling the isotropic and the anisotropic parts of the TG response, a careful fitting analysis yields detailed information on the rotation-translation coupling function. We also extract the structural relaxation times related to the "longitudinal" viscosity over almost 10 decades in time and the corresponding stretching coefficient. The value of some other parameters and information on their thermal behavior is also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Azzimani
- IMPMC, Université P. et M. Curie et CNRS-UMR 7590, F-75015 Paris, France
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Hunt NT, Jaye AA, Meech SR. Ultrafast dynamics in complex fluids observed through the ultrafast optically-heterodyne-detected optical-Kerr-effect (OHD-OKE). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2007; 9:2167-80. [PMID: 17487314 DOI: 10.1039/b616078f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The ultrafast molecular dynamics of complex fluids have been recorded using the optically-heterodyne-detected optical-Kerr-effect (OHD-OKE). The OHD-OKE method is reviewed and some recent refinements to the method are described. Applications to a range of complex fluids, including microemulsions, polymer melts and solutions, liquid crystal and ionic liquids are surveyed. The level of detail attainable with the OHD-OKE method in these complex fluids is discussed. The prospects for future experiments are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil T Hunt
- School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK NR4 7TJ
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Loughnane BJ, Scodinu A, Fourkas JT. Temperature-Dependent Optical Kerr Effect Spectroscopy of Aromatic Liquids. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:5708-20. [PMID: 16539516 DOI: 10.1021/jp055627o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ultrafast optical Kerr effect (OKE) spectroscopy has been used to study the temperature-dependent dynamics of five aromatic liquids: benzene, benzene-d(6), hexafluorobenzene, mesitylene, and 1,3,5-trifluorobenzene. The intermediate response time of all of the liquids was found to scale with the collective orientational correlation time, as has been observed for other simple liquids. The spectra of hexafluorobenzene, 1,3,5-trifluorobenzene, and mesitylene are qualitatively different from those of the other liquids and exhibit different behavior with temperature. These spectra allow us to assess the influence of different molecular parameters on the shape of the OKE spectrum. On the basis of these data, we propose a model that links the differences in the OKE spectra to corresponding differences in the local ordering of the liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Loughnane
- Eugene F. Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA
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Jaye AA, Hunt NT, Meech SR. Temperature- and solvation-dependent dynamics of liquid sulfur dioxide studied through the ultrafast optical Kerr effect. J Chem Phys 2006; 124:024506. [PMID: 16422610 DOI: 10.1063/1.2145760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The ultrafast dynamics of liquid sulphur dioxide have been studied over a wide temperature range and in solution. The optically heterodyne-detected and spatially masked optical Kerr effect (OKE) has been used to record the anisotropic and isotropic third-order responses, respectively. Analysis of the anisotropic response reveals two components, an ultrafast nonexponential relaxation and a slower exponential relaxation. The slower component is well described by the Stokes-Einstein-Debye equation for diffusive orientational relaxation. The simple form of the temperature dependence and the agreement between collective (OKE) and single molecule (e.g., NMR) measurements of the orientational relaxation time suggests that orientational pair correlation is not significant in this liquid. The relative contributions of intermolecular interaction-induced and single-molecule orientational dynamics to the ultrafast part of the spectral density are discussed. Single-molecule librational-orientational dynamics appear to dominate the ultrafast OKE response of liquid SO2. The temperature-dependent OKE data are transformed to the frequency domain to yield the Raman spectral density for the low-frequency intermolecular modes. These are bimodal with the lowest-frequency component arising from diffusive orientational relaxation and a higher-frequency component connected with the ultrafast time-domain response. This component is characterized by a shift to higher frequency at lower temperature. This result is analyzed in terms of a harmonic librational oscillator model, which describes the data accurately. The observed spectral shifts with temperature are ascribed to increasing intermolecular interactions with increasing liquid density. Overall, the dynamics of liquid SO2 are found to be well described in terms of molecular orientational relaxation which is controlled over every relevant time range by intermolecular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew A Jaye
- School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
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Elola MD, Ladanyi BM, Scodinu A, Loughnane BJ, Fourkas JT. Effects of Molecular Association on Polarizability Relaxation in Liquid Mixtures of Benzene and Hexafluorobenzene. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:24085-99. [PMID: 16375401 DOI: 10.1021/jp054733n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this work we have studied the relaxation dynamics of the many-body polarizability anisotropy in liquid mixtures of benzene (Bz) and hexafluorobenzene (Hf) at room temperature by femtosecond optical heterodyne-detected Raman-induced Kerr effect spectroscopy (OHD-RIKES) experiments and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The computed polarizability response arising from intermolecular interactions was included using the first-order dipole-induced-dipole model with the molecular polarizability distributed over the carbon sites of each molecule. We found good qualitative agreement between experiments and simulations in the features exhibited by the nuclear response function R(t) for pure liquids and mixtures. The long-time diffusive decay of R(t) was observed to vary substantially with composition, slowing down noticeably with dilution of each of the species as compared with that in the corresponding pure liquids. MD simulation shows that the effect on R(t) is due to the formation of strong and localized intermolecular association between Bz and Hf species that hinder the rotational diffusive dynamics. The formation of these Bz-Hf complexes in the liquid mixtures also modifies the rotational diffusive dynamics of the component species in such a way that cannot be explained solely in terms of a viscosity effect. Even though the computed orientational diffusive relaxation times associated with Bz and Hf are larger by a factor of approximately 2 than those from experiments, we found similar trends in experiments and simulations for these characteristic times as a function of composition. Namely, the collective and single-molecule orientational correlation times associated with Bz are observed to grow monotonically with the dilution of Bz, while those corresponding to Hf species exhibit a maximum at the equimolar composition. We attribute the quantitative discrepancy between experiments and simulations to the use of the Williams potential, which seems to overestimate the intermolecular interactions and thus predicts not only a slower translational dynamics but also a slower rotational diffusion dynamics than in real fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dolores Elola
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA.
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Rouzée A, Boudon V, Lavorel B, Faucher O, Raballand W. Rotational Raman spectroscopy of ethylene using a femtosecond time-resolved pump-probe technique. J Chem Phys 2005; 123:154309. [PMID: 16252950 DOI: 10.1063/1.2069866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Femtosecond Raman-induced polarization spectroscopy (RIPS) was conducted at low pressure (250 mb at 295 K and 400 mb at 373 K) in ethylene. The temporal signal, resulting from the beating between pure rotational coherences, was measured with a heterodyne detection. The temporal traces were converted to the frequency domain using a Fourier transformation and then analyzed thanks to the D2hTDS software (http://www.u-bourgogne.fr/LPUB/shTDS.html) dedicated to X2Y4 molecules with D2h symmetry. The effective Hamiltonian was expanded up to order 2, allowing the determination of five parameters with an rms of 0.017 cm(-1). Special care was taken in the precise modeling of intensities, taking into account all instrumental effects. Relative intensities were fitted (with an rms of 7.2%) and two polarizability operators were determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rouzée
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'Université de Bourgogne, CNRS UMR 5027, 9 Avenue A. Savary, BP 47870, F-21078 Dijon Cedex, France
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Shirota H, Funston AM, Wishart JF, Castner EW. Ultrafast dynamics of pyrrolidinium cation ionic liquids. J Chem Phys 2005; 122:184512. [PMID: 15918734 DOI: 10.1063/1.1893797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
We have investigated the ultrafast molecular dynamics of five pyrrolidinium cation room temperature ionic liquids using femtosecond optical heterodyne-detected Raman-induced Kerr effect spectroscopy. The ionic liquids studied are N-butyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide P14+/NTf2-), N-methoxyethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide P1EOE+/NTf2-), N-ethoxyethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide P1EOE+/NTf2-), N-ethoxyethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium bromide P1EOE+, and N-ethoxyethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium dicyanoamide P1EOE+/DCA-). For comparing dynamics among the five ionic liquids, we categorize the ionic liquids into two groups. One group of liquids comprises the three pyrrolidinium cations P14+, P1EOM+, and P1EOE+ paired with the NTf2- anion. The other group of liquids consists of the P1EOE+ cation paired with each of the three anions NTf2-, Br-, and DCA-. The overdamped relaxation for time scales longer than 2 ps has been fit by a triexponential function for each of the five pyrrolidinium ionic liquids. The fast ( approximately 2 ps) and intermediate (approximately 20 ps) relaxation time constants vary little among these five ionic liquids. However, the slow relaxation time constant correlates with the viscosity. Thus, the Kerr spectra in the range from 0 to 750 cm(-1) are quite similar for the group of three pyrrolidinium ionic liquids paired with the NTf2- anion. The intermolecular vibrational line shapes between 0 and 150 cm(-1) are fit to a multimode Brownian oscillator model; adequate fits required at least three modes to be included in the line shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Shirota
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854-8087, USA
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Shirota H. Ultrafast Dynamics of Liquid Poly(ethylene glycol)s and Crown Ethers Studied by Femtosecond Raman-Induced Kerr Effect Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:7053-62. [PMID: 16851802 DOI: 10.1021/jp044125s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Ultrafast molecular dynamics of liquid poly(ethylene glycol)s, tetra(ethylene glycol), penta(ethylene glycol), and poly(ethylene glycol) with the molecular weight of 600, and crown ethers, 12-crown-4 and 15-crown-5, have been investigated by means of femtosecond optical heterodyne-detected Raman-induced Kerr effect spectroscopy. Picosecond Kerr transients of poly(ethylene glycol)s and crown ethers are characterized by a biexponential function with the time constants of about 2 and 20 ps. Both the faster and slower time constants do not vary much among the five oligo(ethylene oxide)s. Femtosecond dynamics is discussed based on the Kerr (depolarized Raman) spectra obtained by Fourier transform deconvolution analysis of the high time resolution Kerr transients. The broad low-frequency band (0-200 cm(-1)) in the Kerr spectrum is analyzed by two Brownian oscillators. The spectral shapes of linear poly(ethylene glycol) and cyclic crown ether are very different. Both the low- and high-frequency Brownian oscillators for crown ethers show lower frequency and broader spectral features than those for poly(ethylene glycol)s. The comparison of the low-frequency spectra of poly(ethylene glycol)s and crown ethers shows that the low-frequency spectrum of 15-crown-5 is closer to that of poly(ethylene glycol)s than that of 12-crown-4 is. The difference of the low-frequency spectra between poly(ethylene glycol) and crown ether is discussed with the concepts of molecular conformation and liquid density. The features of the observed intramolecular vibrational bands are also correlated with the molecular conformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Shirota
- Department of General Systems Sciences, Graduate School of Arts & Sciences, University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan.
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Zhu X, Farrer RA, Fourkas JT. Optical Kerr Effect Spectroscopy Using Time-Delayed Pairs of Pump Pulses with Orthogonal Polarizations. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:8481-8. [PMID: 16851996 DOI: 10.1021/jp046761w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We characterize in detail a recently introduced technique in which perpendicularly polarized pulses with controllable intensities and timing are used for the excitation step in optical Kerr effect spectroscopy. We examine the ratio of pump pulse intensities required to cancel the contribution of reorientational diffusion or of a Raman-active intramolecular vibration to the signal as a function of the delay time between excitation pulses. These results indicate that the signal can be described well as arising from the sum of independent third-order responses initiated by each pump pulse. This conclusion is further supported by using data obtained with a single pump pulse to model decays obtained with two pump pulses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhu
- Eugene F. Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA
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Shirota H. Ultrafast molecular dynamics of liquid aromatic molecules and the mixtures with CCl4. J Chem Phys 2005; 122:44514. [PMID: 15740274 DOI: 10.1063/1.1840420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The ultrafast molecular dynamics of liquid aromatic molecules, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, cumene, and 1,3-diphenylpropane, and the mixtures with CCl(4) have been investigated by means of femtosecond optical heterodyne-detected Raman-induced Kerr effect spectroscopy. The picosecond Kerr transients of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and cumene and the mixtures with CCl(4) show a biexponential feature. 1,3-Diphenylpropane and the mixtures with CCl(4) show triexponential picosecond Kerr transients. The slow relaxation time constants of the aromatic molecules and the mixtures with CCl(4) are qualitatively described by the Stoke-Einstein-Debye hydrodynamic model. The ultrafast dynamics have been discussed based on the Kerr spectra in the frequency range of 0-800 cm(-1) obtained by the Fourier transform analysis of the Kerr transients. The line shapes of the low-frequency intermolecular spectra located at 0-180 cm(-1) frequency range have been analyzed by two Brownian oscillators ( approximately 11 cm(-1) and approximately 45 cm(-1) peaks) and an antisymmetric Gaussian function ( approximately 65 cm(-1) peak). The spectrum shape of 1,3-diphenylpropane is quite different from the spectrum shapes of the other aromatic molecules for the low magnitude of the low-frequency mode of 1,3-diphenylpropane and/or an intramolecular vibration. Although the concentration dependences of the low- and intermediate-frequency intermolecular modes (Brownian oscillators) do not show a significant trend, the width of high-frequency intermolecular mode (antisymmetric Gaussian) becomes narrower with the higher CCl(4) concentration for all the aromatics mixtures with CCl(4). The result indicates that the inhomogeneity of the intermolecular vibrational mode in aromatics/CCl(4) mixtures is decreasing with the lower concentration of aromatics. The intramolecular vibrational modes of the aromatic molecules observed in the Kerr spectra are also shown with the calculation results based on the density functional theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Shirota
- Department of General Systems Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan.
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Rajian JR, Hyun BR, Quitevis EL. Intermolecular Spectrum of Liquid Biphenyl Studied by Optical Kerr Effect Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp047415h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Justin Rajesh Rajian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Department of Physics, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409
| | - Byung-Ryool Hyun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Department of Physics, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409
| | - Edward L. Quitevis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Department of Physics, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409
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Watanabe J, Tohji M, Ohtsuka E, Miyake Y, Kinoshita S. Direct comparison of the temperature dependence of the response functions measured by light scattering and optical Kerr effect spectroscopy. Chem Phys Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2004.07.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Torre R, Bartolini P, Righini R. Structural relaxation in supercooled water by time-resolved spectroscopy. Nature 2004; 428:296-9. [PMID: 15029190 DOI: 10.1038/nature02409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2003] [Accepted: 02/04/2004] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Water has many kinetic and thermodynamic properties that exhibit an anomalous dependence on temperature, in particular in the supercooled phase. These anomalies have long been interpreted in terms of underlying structural causes, and their experimental characterization points to the existence of a singularity at a temperature of about 225 K. Further insights into the nature and origin of this singularity might be gained by completely characterizing the structural relaxation in supercooled water. But until now, such a characterization has only been realized in simulations that agree with the predictions of simple mode-coupling theory; unambiguous experimental support for this surprising conclusion is, however, not yet available. Here we report time-resolved optical Kerr effect measurements that unambiguously demonstrate that the structural relaxation of liquid and weakly supercooled water follows the behaviour predicted by simple mode-coupling theory. Our findings thus support the interpretation of the singularity as a purely dynamical transition. That is, the anomalous behaviour of weakly supercooled water can be explained using a fully dynamic model and without needing to invoke a thermodynamic origin. In this regard, water behaves like many other, normal molecular liquids that are fragile glass-formers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Torre
- European Laboratory for Non-linear Spectroscopy, Università di Firenze, Polo Scientifico, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, 50019 Italia.
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Ryu S, Stratt RM. A Case Study in the Molecular Interpretation of Optical Kerr Effect Spectra: Instantaneous-Normal-Mode Analysis of the OKE Spectrum of Liquid Benzene. J Phys Chem B 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0375665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seol Ryu
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
| | - Richard M. Stratt
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
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Hunt NT, Jaye AA, Meech SR. Ultrafast Dynamics in Microemulsions: Optical Kerr Effect Study of the Dispersed Oil Phase in a Carbon Disulfide−Dodecyltrimethylammonium Bromide−Water Microemulsion. J Phys Chem B 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp022301w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Neil T. Hunt
- School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K
| | - Andrew A. Jaye
- School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K
| | - Stephen R. Meech
- School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K
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Scodinu A, Fourkas JT. Intermolecular Dynamics and Structure of Carbon Disulfide in Isoviscous Alkane Solutions: An Optical Kerr Effect Study. J Phys Chem B 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp026359m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Scodinu
- Eugene F. Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467
| | - John T. Fourkas
- Eugene F. Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467
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Hyun BR, Dzyuba SV, Bartsch RA, Quitevis EL. Intermolecular Dynamics of Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids: Femtosecond Optical Kerr Effect Measurements on 1-Alkyl-3-methylimidazolium Bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)imides. J Phys Chem A 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0141575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Ryool Hyun
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry and of Physics, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409
| | - Sergei V. Dzyuba
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry and of Physics, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409
| | - Richard A. Bartsch
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry and of Physics, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409
| | - Edward L. Quitevis
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry and of Physics, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409
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Prevosto D, Bartolini P, Torre R, Ricci M, Taschin A, Capaccioli S, Lucchesi M, Rolla P. Relaxation processes in an epoxy resin studied by time-resolved optical Kerr effect. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2002; 66:011502. [PMID: 12241365 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.66.011502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2002] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The dynamics of the epoxy resin phenyl glycidyl ether, a fragile glass-forming liquid, is investigated in the liquid and supercooled phases by time-resolved optical Kerr effect experiment with an heterodyne detection technique. We tested the mode-coupling theory and found that the predicted dynamic scenario allows to reproduce properly the measured signal, for t>1 ps, in the whole temperature interval investigated. Furthermore, the values of T(c) and lambda, obtained from the analysis of three different and independent dynamic regimes (alpha regime, von Schweidler, beta regime), are in remarkable agreement. Moreover, relaxation times obtained from optical Kerr effect and dielectric spectroscopy measurements are compared. The two time scales differ only for a constant factor in the whole temperature interval investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Prevosto
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, and INFM, via F. Buonarroti 2, I-56127, Pisa, Italy
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Ratajska-Gadomska B. Temperature evolution of the low-frequency optical Kerr effect spectra of liquid benzene in quasicrystalline approach. J Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1449867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Shirota H, Castner EW. Ultrafast dynamics in aqueous polyacrylamide solutions. J Am Chem Soc 2001; 123:12877-85. [PMID: 11749546 DOI: 10.1021/ja010290z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the ultrafast dynamics of aqueous polyacrylamide ([-CH(2)CH(CONH(2))-](n), or PAAm) solutions using femtosecond optical heterodyne-detected Raman-induced Kerr effect spectroscopy (OHD-RIKES). The observed aqueous PAAm dynamics are nearly identical for both M(w) = 1500 and 10 000. Aqueous propionamide (CH(3)CH(2)CONH(2), or PrAm) solutions were also studied, because PrAm is an exact model for the PAAm constitutional repeat unit (CRU). The longest time scale dynamics observed for both aqueous PAAm and PrAm solutions occur in the 4-10 ps range. Over the range of concentrations from 0 to 40 wt %, the picosecond reorientation time constants for the aqueous PAAm and PrAm solutions scale linearly with the solution concentration, despite the fact that the solution shear viscosities vary exponentially from 1 to 264 cP. For a given value of solution concentration in weight percent, constant ratios of measured reorientation time constants for PAAm to PrAm are obtained. This ratio of PAAm to PrAm reorientation time constants is equal to the ratio of the volume for the PAAm constitutional repeat unit (-CH(2)CHCONH(2)-) to the molecular volume of PrAm. For these reasons, we assign the polymer reorientation dynamics to motions of the entire constitutional repeat unit, not only side group motions. Simple molecular dynamics simulations of H[-CH(2)CH(CONH(2))-](7)H in a periodic box with 180 water molecules support this assignment. Amide-amide and amide-water hydrogen-bonding interactions lead to strongly oscillatory femtosecond dynamics in the Kerr transients, peaking at 80, 410, and 750 fs.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Shirota
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8087, USA.
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Constantine S, Gardecki JA, Zhou Y, Ziegler LD, Ji X, Space B. A Novel Technique for the Measurement of Polarization-Specific Ultrafast Raman Responses. J Phys Chem A 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp004277x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Gardecki JA, Yu G, Constantine S, Peng J, Zhou Y, Ziegler LD. A unified treatment of ultrafast optical heterodyne detected and Z-scan spectroscopies. J Chem Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1342015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Ji X, Ahlborn H, Space B, Moore PB, Zhou Y, Constantine S, Ziegler LD. A combined instantaneous normal mode and time correlation function description of the optical Kerr effect and Raman spectroscopy of liquid CS2. J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.481539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Smith NA, Meech SR. Ultrafast Dynamics of Polar Monosubstituted Benzene Liquids Studied by the Femtosecond Optical Kerr Effect. J Phys Chem A 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp993170a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neil A. Smith
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K
| | - Stephen R. Meech
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K
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