1
|
Samad MIA, Ponnuthurai DR, Badrudin SI, Ali MAM, Razak MAA, Buyong MR, Latif R. Migration Study of Dielectrophoretically Manipulated Red Blood Cells in Tapered Aluminium Microelectrode Array: A Pilot Study. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1625. [PMID: 37630162 PMCID: PMC10457829 DOI: 10.3390/mi14081625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Dielectrophoresis (DEP) is one of the microfluid-based techniques that can manipulate the red blood cells (RBC) for blood plasma separation, which is used in many medical screening/diagnosis applications. The tapered aluminium microelectrode array (TAMA) is fabricated for potential sensitivity enhancement of RBC manipulation in lateral and vertical directions. In this paper, the migration properties of dielectrophoretically manipulated RBC in TAMA platform are studied at different peak-to-peak voltage (Vpp) and duration supplied onto the microelectrodes. Positive DEP manipulation is conducted at 440 kHz with the RBC of 4.00 ± 0.2 µm average radius attracted to the higher electric field intensity regions, which are the microelectrodes. High percentage of RBC migration occurred at longer manipulation time and high electrode voltage. During DEP manipulation, the RBC are postulated to levitate upwards, experience the electro-orientation mechanism and form the pearl chains before migrating to the electrodes. The presence of external forces other than the dielectrophoretic force may also affect the migration response of RBC. The safe operating limit of 10 Vpp and manipulation duration of ≤50 s prevent RBC rupture while providing high migration percentage. It is crucial to define the safe working region for TAMA devices that manipulate small RBC volume (~10 µL).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Izzuddin Abd Samad
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.I.A.S.); (D.R.P.); (S.I.B.); (M.R.B.)
| | - Darven Raj Ponnuthurai
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.I.A.S.); (D.R.P.); (S.I.B.); (M.R.B.)
| | - Syazwani Izrah Badrudin
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.I.A.S.); (D.R.P.); (S.I.B.); (M.R.B.)
| | - Mohd Anuar Mohd Ali
- School of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia; (M.A.M.A.); (M.A.A.R.)
| | - Mohd Azhar Abdul Razak
- School of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia; (M.A.M.A.); (M.A.A.R.)
| | - Muhamad Ramdzan Buyong
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.I.A.S.); (D.R.P.); (S.I.B.); (M.R.B.)
| | - Rhonira Latif
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.I.A.S.); (D.R.P.); (S.I.B.); (M.R.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bakhtiaridoost S, Habibiyan H, Ghafoorifard H. A microfluidic device to separate high-quality plasma from undiluted whole blood sample using an enhanced gravitational sedimentation mechanism. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1239:340641. [PMID: 36628743 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The growing interest in lab-on-a-chip systems for plasma separation has led to the presentation of various devices. Trench-based devices benefiting from gravitational sedimentation are efficient structures with air-locking and low speed-drawbacks. The present study introduces a fast, hemolysis-free, highly efficient blood plasma separation microfluidic device. The proposed device is based on gravitational sedimentation combined with dielectrophoresis force to promote the purity of the separated plasma, reduce the separation process time, and overcome the air-locking problem. The effect of geometrical parameters on the separation process is investigated using finite element analysis to attain optimal design specifications. A drop of whole blood (10 μl) is injected into the fabricated chip at four flow rates of 70 nl/s to 100 nl/s. It takes less than 4 min to obtain 2.2 μl plasma from undiluted blood without losing plasma proteins. Additionally, a porous Melt-Blown Polypropylene (MBPP) layer is used to eliminate the air-locking problem, which in previous trench-based microsystems led to time-consuming device preparation steps. Blood samples with various hematocrits (15%-65%) are tested with the applied voltages of 0-20 Vpp through the optimized structure. A purity of 99.98% ± 0.02% (evaluated by hemocytometry) is achieved using optimized dielectrophoresis force by the applied voltage of 20 Vpp, which is more than the previous studies. The UV-Visible spectroscopy results confirm obtaining a non-hemolyzed sample at a flow rate of 70 nl/s. The proposed device achieves a relative increase in the flow rate compared to similar previous studies while maintaining the high quality of the separated plasma. This achievement lies in using the MBPP layer and combining two separation methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hamidreza Habibiyan
- Department of Energy Engineering and Physics, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hassan Ghafoorifard
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bakhshi MS, Rizwan M, Khan GJ, Duan H, Zhai K. Design of a novel integrated microfluidic chip for continuous separation of circulating tumor cells from peripheral blood cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17016. [PMID: 36220844 PMCID: PMC9554048 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20886-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the foremost causes of death globally. Late-stage presentation, inaccessible diagnosis, and treatment are common challenges in developed countries. Detection, enumeration of Circulating Tumor Cells (CTC) as early as possible can reportedly lead to more effective treatment. The isolation of CTC at an early stage is challenging due to the low probability of its presence in peripheral blood. In this study, we propose a novel two-stage, label-free, rapid, and continuous CTC separation device based on hydrodynamic inertial focusing and dielectrophoretic separation. The dominance and differential of wall-induced inertial lift force and Dean drag force inside a curved microfluidic channel results in size-based separation of Red Blood Cells (RBC) and platelets (size between 2-4 µm) from CTC and leukocytes (9-12.2 µm). A numerical model was used to investigate the mechanism of hydrodynamic inertial focusing in a curvilinear microchannel. Simulations were done with the RBCs, platelets, CTCs, and leukocytes (four major subtypes) to select the optimized value of the parameters in the proposed design. In first stage, the focusing behavior of microscale cells was studied to sort leukocytes and CTCs from RBCs, and platelets while viable CTCs were separated from leukocytes based on their inherent electrical properties using dielectrophoresis in the second stage. The proposed design of the device was evaluated for CTC separation efficiency using numerical simulations. This study considered the influence of critical factors like aspect ratio, dielectrophoretic force, channel size, flow rate, separation efficiency, and shape on cell separation. Results show that the proposed device yields viable CTC with 99.5% isolation efficiency with a throughput of 12.2 ml/h.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maliha Saleem Bakhshi
- grid.444938.60000 0004 0609 0078Mechatronics and Control Engineering Department, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mohsin Rizwan
- grid.444938.60000 0004 0609 0078Mechatronics and Control Engineering Department, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Jilany Khan
- grid.444936.80000 0004 0608 9608Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hong Duan
- grid.263761.70000 0001 0198 0694School of Biological and Food Engineering, Engineering Research Center for Development and High Value Utilization of Genuine Medicinal Materials in North Anhui Province, Suzhou University, Suzhou, Anhui 234000 China
| | - Kefeng Zhai
- grid.263761.70000 0001 0198 0694School of Biological and Food Engineering, Engineering Research Center for Development and High Value Utilization of Genuine Medicinal Materials in North Anhui Province, Suzhou University, Suzhou, Anhui 234000 China ,grid.459584.10000 0001 2196 0260Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Guangxi Normal University), Guilin, 541004 People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chavez‐Pineda OG, Rodriguez‐Moncayo R, Cedillo‐Alcantar DF, Guevara‐Pantoja PE, Amador‐Hernandez JU, Garcia‐Cordero JL. Microfluidic systems for the analysis of blood‐derived molecular biomarkers. Electrophoresis 2022; 43:1667-1700. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.202200067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oriana G. Chavez‐Pineda
- Laboratory of Microtechnologies Applied to Biomedicine (LMAB) Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav) Monterrey Nuevo León Mexico
| | - Roberto Rodriguez‐Moncayo
- Laboratory of Microtechnologies Applied to Biomedicine (LMAB) Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav) Monterrey Nuevo León Mexico
| | - Diana F. Cedillo‐Alcantar
- Laboratory of Microtechnologies Applied to Biomedicine (LMAB) Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav) Monterrey Nuevo León Mexico
| | - Pablo E. Guevara‐Pantoja
- Laboratory of Microtechnologies Applied to Biomedicine (LMAB) Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav) Monterrey Nuevo León Mexico
| | - Josue U. Amador‐Hernandez
- Laboratory of Microtechnologies Applied to Biomedicine (LMAB) Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav) Monterrey Nuevo León Mexico
| | - Jose L. Garcia‐Cordero
- Laboratory of Microtechnologies Applied to Biomedicine (LMAB) Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav) Monterrey Nuevo León Mexico
- Roche Institute for Translational Bioengineering (ITB) Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel Basel Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Emmerich MEP, Sinnigen AS, Neubauer P, Birkholz M. Dielectrophoretic separation of blood cells. Biomed Microdevices 2022; 24:30. [PMID: 36006519 PMCID: PMC9411249 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-022-00623-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidic dielectrophoretic (DEP) devices enable the label-free separation and isolation of cells based on differences in their electrophysiological properties. The technique can serve as a tool in clinical diagnostics and medical research as it facilitates the analysis of patient-specific blood composition and the detection and isolation of pathogenic cells like circulating tumor cells or malaria-infected erythrocytes. This review compares different microfluidic DEP devices to separate platelets, erythrocytes and leukocytes including their cellular subclasses. An overview and experimental setups of different microfluidic DEP devices for the separation, trapping and isolation or purification of blood cells are detailed with respect to their technical design, electrode configuration, sample preparation, applied voltage and frequency and created DEP field based and related to the separation efficiency. The technique holds the promise that results can quickly be attained in clinical and ambulant settings. In particular, point-of-care-testing scenarios are favored by the extensive miniaturization, which would be enabled by microelectronical integration of DEP devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria E. P. Emmerich
- Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, TU Berlin, Ackerstrasse 76, ACK24, D-13355 Berlin, Germany
- IHP – Leibniz-Institut für innovative Mikroelektronik, Im Technologiepark 25, 15236 Frankfurt (Oder), Germany
| | - Anne-Sophie Sinnigen
- Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, TU Berlin, Ackerstrasse 76, ACK24, D-13355 Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Neubauer
- Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, TU Berlin, Ackerstrasse 76, ACK24, D-13355 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mario Birkholz
- IHP – Leibniz-Institut für innovative Mikroelektronik, Im Technologiepark 25, 15236 Frankfurt (Oder), Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Shi Y, Ye P, Yang K, Qiaoge B, Xie J, Guo J, Wang C, Pan Z, Liu S, Guo J. A lab‐on‐disc centrifugal microfluidic system for ultraprecise plasma separation. Electrophoresis 2022; 43:2250-2259. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxing Shi
- School of Automation Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu P. R. China
| | - Peng Ye
- School of Automation Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu P. R. China
| | - Kuojun Yang
- School of Automation Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu P. R. China
| | - Bayin Qiaoge
- Department of Electronic, Electrical, and Systems Engineering University of Birmingham Birmingham UK
| | - Jiawen Xie
- School of Automation Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu P. R. China
| | - Jiuchuan Guo
- School of Automation Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu P. R. China
| | - Chuang Wang
- School of Information and Communication Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu P. R. China
| | - Zhixiang Pan
- School of Automation Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu P. R. China
| | - Shan Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital University of Electronic Science and Technology Chengdu P. R. China
| | - Jinhong Guo
- School of Information and Communication Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yang L, Zhang Z, Wang X. A Microfluidic PET-Based Electrochemical Glucose Sensor. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13040552. [PMID: 35457854 PMCID: PMC9031515 DOI: 10.3390/mi13040552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Paper-based microfluidic sensors have gained increased attention in the field of analytical assays in recent years due to their self-driven nature, ease of preparation, high integration, low reagent consumption, and low cost. However, paper-based microfluidic sensors still have many deficiencies when it comes to the detection of some specific detectors such as blood glucose. For example, the processing procedure for microfluidic channels is tedious, the sensor electrodes are easily damaged by bending, and they can only be used as disposable products. To solve the above problems, a PET-based microfluidic sensor was proposed in this paper, the performance of which was tested with glucose as the target detector. The experimental results showed that the analytical performance of this sensor is comparable to that of existing commercial glucose meters. This work provides implications for the substrate selection of microfluidic chips for some biochemical analyses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Yang
- College of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China; (L.Y.); (Z.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- College of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China; (L.Y.); (Z.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China; (L.Y.); (Z.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang Y, Nunna BB, Talukder N, Etienne EE, Lee ES. Blood Plasma Self-Separation Technologies during the Self-Driven Flow in Microfluidic Platforms. Bioengineering (Basel) 2021; 8:94. [PMID: 34356201 PMCID: PMC8301051 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering8070094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood plasma is the most commonly used biofluid in disease diagnostic and biomedical analysis due to it contains various biomarkers. The majority of the blood plasma separation is still handled with centrifugation, which is off-chip and time-consuming. Therefore, in the Lab-on-a-chip (LOC) field, an effective microfluidic blood plasma separation platform attracts researchers' attention globally. Blood plasma self-separation technologies are usually divided into two categories: active self-separation and passive self-separation. Passive self-separation technologies, in contrast with active self-separation, only rely on microchannel geometry, microfluidic phenomena and hydrodynamic forces. Passive self-separation devices are driven by the capillary flow, which is generated due to the characteristics of the surface of the channel and its interaction with the fluid. Comparing to the active plasma separation techniques, passive plasma separation methods are more considered in the microfluidic platform, owing to their ease of fabrication, portable, user-friendly features. We propose an extensive review of mechanisms of passive self-separation technologies and enumerate some experimental details and devices to exploit these effects. The performances, limitations and challenges of these technologies and devices are also compared and discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yudong Wang
- Advanced Energy Systems and Microdevices Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA; (Y.W.); (B.B.N.); (N.T.); (E.E.E.)
| | - Bharath Babu Nunna
- Advanced Energy Systems and Microdevices Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA; (Y.W.); (B.B.N.); (N.T.); (E.E.E.)
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Niladri Talukder
- Advanced Energy Systems and Microdevices Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA; (Y.W.); (B.B.N.); (N.T.); (E.E.E.)
| | - Ernst Emmanuel Etienne
- Advanced Energy Systems and Microdevices Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA; (Y.W.); (B.B.N.); (N.T.); (E.E.E.)
| | - Eon Soo Lee
- Advanced Energy Systems and Microdevices Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA; (Y.W.); (B.B.N.); (N.T.); (E.E.E.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Turcan I, Olariu MA. Dielectrophoretic Manipulation of Cancer Cells and Their Electrical Characterization. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2020; 22:554-578. [PMID: 32786320 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.0c00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Electromanipulation and electrical characterization of cancerous cells is becoming a topic of high interest as the results reported to date demonstrate a good differentiation among various types of cells from an electrical viewpoint. Dielectrophoresis and broadband dielectric spectroscopy are complementary tools for sorting, identification, and characterization of malignant cells and were successfully used on both primary tumor cells and culture cells as well. However, the literature is presenting a plethora of studies with respect to electrical evaluation of these type of cells, and this review is reporting a collection of information regarding the functioning principles of different types of dielectrophoresis setups, theory of cancer cell polarization, and electrical investigation (including here the polarization mechanisms). The interpretation of electrical characteristics against frequency is discussed with respect to interfacial/Maxwell-Wagner polarization and the parasitic influence of electrode polarization. Moreover, the electrical equivalent circuits specific to biological cells polarizations are discussed for a good understanding of the cells' morphology influence. The review also focuses on advantages of specific low-conductivity buffers employed currently for improving the efficiency of dielectrophoresis and provides a set of synthesized data from the literature highlighting clear differentiation between the crossover frequencies of different cancerous cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ina Turcan
- Department of Electrical Measurements and Materials, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, Profesor Dimitrie Mangeron Boulevard, No. 21−23, Iasi 700050, Romania
| | - Marius Andrei Olariu
- Department of Electrical Measurements and Materials, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, Profesor Dimitrie Mangeron Boulevard, No. 21−23, Iasi 700050, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Guan Y, Liu Y, Lei H, Liu S, Xu F, Meng X, Bai M, Wang X, Yang G. Dielectrophoresis Separation of Platelets Using a Novel Zigzag Microchannel. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:E890. [PMID: 32992689 PMCID: PMC7599473 DOI: 10.3390/mi11100890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Platelet separation and purification are required in many applications including in the detection and treatment of hemorrhagic and thrombotic diseases, in addition to transfusions and in medical research. In this study, platelet separation was evaluated using a novel zigzag microchannel fluidic device while leveraging a dielectrophoresis (DEP) electric field using the COMSOL multiphysics software package and additional experimentation. The zigzag-shaped microchannel was superior to straight channel devices for cell separation because the sharp corners reduced the required horizontal distance needed for separation and also contributed to an asymmetric DEP electric field. A perfect linear relationship was observed between the separation distance and the corner angles. A quadratic relationship (R2 = 0.99) was observed between the driving voltage and the width and the lengths of the channel, allowing for optimization of these properties. In addition, the voltage was inversely proportional to the channel width and proportional to the channel length. An optimal velocity ratio of 1:4 was identified for the velocities of the two device inlets. The proposed device was fabricated using laser engraving and lithography with optimized structures including a 0.5 mm channel width, a 120° corner angle, a 0.3 mm channel depth, and a 17 mm channel length. A separation efficiency of 99.4% was achieved using a voltage of 20 V and a velocity ratio of 1:4. The easy fabrication, lower required voltage, label-free detection, high efficiency, and environmental friendliness of this device make it suitable for point-of-care medicine and biological applications. Moreover, it can be used for the separation of other types of compounds including lipids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Guan
- School of Electromechanical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Y.L.); (H.L.); (S.L.); (F.X.); (X.M.); (M.B.); (X.W.); (G.Y.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Guan Y, Zhang K, Xu F, Guo R, Fang A, Sun B, Meng X, Liu Y, Bai M. An integrated platform for fibrinogen quantification on a microfluidic paper-based analytical device. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:2724-2734. [PMID: 32588856 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00439a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fibrinogen (FIB) plays a key role in blood coagulation and thrombosis and its concentration in blood can directly reflect health conditions, thus efficient detection of FIB would benefit the treatments of certain diseases such as liver and heart diseases. However, there is a lack of sensitive, simple, rapid and cheap FIB detection device currently, in lieu of expensive and sophisticated approaches in laboratories. Here, we propose a novel plasma separation and FIB detection platform based on a microfluidic paper-based analytical device (μPAD). It is the first time that dielectrophoretic (DEP) force is combined with capillary force on paper for plasma separation, and the separation efficiency of plasma reaches about 95%, ensuring reliable downstream FIB detection, for which we also propose a new method called the resistance-fibrinogen detection (RFD) method. It not only avoids the use of large-scale instruments for detection, but also possesses high precision and simplicity. The method is found to be reliable in FIB detection for various concentrations ranging from 127.0 to 508.0 mg dL-1. Moreover, the results obtained from the proposed μPAD show an excellent agreement (R2 = 0.9985) with those obtained from an automatic coagulation analyzer with natural human blood samples. Overall, the proposed platform provides a low-cost and reliable approach for FIB detection, especially for clinical use in resource-limited areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Guan
- College of Electromechanical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Su X, Zhang J, Zhang D, Wang Y, Chen M, Weng Z, Wang J, Zeng J, Zhang Y, Zhang S, Ge S, Zhang J, Xia N. High-Efficiency Plasma Separator Based on Immunocapture and Filtration. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11040352. [PMID: 32231068 PMCID: PMC7231172 DOI: 10.3390/mi11040352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The shortcomings of standard plasma-separation methods limit the point-of-care application of microfluidics in clinical facilities and at the patient's bedside. To overcome the limitations of this inconvenient, laborious, and costly technique, a new plasma-separation technique and device were developed. This new separation method relies on immunological capture and filtration to exclude cells from plasma, and is convenient, easy to use, and cost-effective. Most of the RBCs can be captured and immobilized by antibody which coated in separation matrix, and residue cells can be totally removed from the sample by a commercially plasma purification membranes. A 400 µL anti-coagulated whole blood sample with 65% hematocrit (Hct) can be separated by the device in 5 min with only one pipette. Up to 97% of the plasma can be recovered from the raw blood sample with a separation efficiency at 100%. The recovery rate of small molecule compounds, proteins, and nucleic acid biomarkers is evaluated; there are no obvious differences from the centrifuge method. The results demonstrate that this method is an excellent replacement for traditional plasma preparation protocols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosong Su
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102,China; (X.S.); (J.Z.); (D.Z.); (Y.W.); (M.C.); (Z.W.); (J.W.); (J.Z.); (Y.Z.); (S.G.); (J.Z.); (N.X.)
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jianzhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102,China; (X.S.); (J.Z.); (D.Z.); (Y.W.); (M.C.); (Z.W.); (J.W.); (J.Z.); (Y.Z.); (S.G.); (J.Z.); (N.X.)
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Dongxu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102,China; (X.S.); (J.Z.); (D.Z.); (Y.W.); (M.C.); (Z.W.); (J.W.); (J.Z.); (Y.Z.); (S.G.); (J.Z.); (N.X.)
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yingbin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102,China; (X.S.); (J.Z.); (D.Z.); (Y.W.); (M.C.); (Z.W.); (J.W.); (J.Z.); (Y.Z.); (S.G.); (J.Z.); (N.X.)
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Mengyuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102,China; (X.S.); (J.Z.); (D.Z.); (Y.W.); (M.C.); (Z.W.); (J.W.); (J.Z.); (Y.Z.); (S.G.); (J.Z.); (N.X.)
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Zhenyu Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102,China; (X.S.); (J.Z.); (D.Z.); (Y.W.); (M.C.); (Z.W.); (J.W.); (J.Z.); (Y.Z.); (S.G.); (J.Z.); (N.X.)
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102,China; (X.S.); (J.Z.); (D.Z.); (Y.W.); (M.C.); (Z.W.); (J.W.); (J.Z.); (Y.Z.); (S.G.); (J.Z.); (N.X.)
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Juntian Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102,China; (X.S.); (J.Z.); (D.Z.); (Y.W.); (M.C.); (Z.W.); (J.W.); (J.Z.); (Y.Z.); (S.G.); (J.Z.); (N.X.)
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102,China; (X.S.); (J.Z.); (D.Z.); (Y.W.); (M.C.); (Z.W.); (J.W.); (J.Z.); (Y.Z.); (S.G.); (J.Z.); (N.X.)
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Shiyin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102,China; (X.S.); (J.Z.); (D.Z.); (Y.W.); (M.C.); (Z.W.); (J.W.); (J.Z.); (Y.Z.); (S.G.); (J.Z.); (N.X.)
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Shengxiang Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102,China; (X.S.); (J.Z.); (D.Z.); (Y.W.); (M.C.); (Z.W.); (J.W.); (J.Z.); (Y.Z.); (S.G.); (J.Z.); (N.X.)
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102,China; (X.S.); (J.Z.); (D.Z.); (Y.W.); (M.C.); (Z.W.); (J.W.); (J.Z.); (Y.Z.); (S.G.); (J.Z.); (N.X.)
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Ningshao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102,China; (X.S.); (J.Z.); (D.Z.); (Y.W.); (M.C.); (Z.W.); (J.W.); (J.Z.); (Y.Z.); (S.G.); (J.Z.); (N.X.)
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhang T, Hong ZY, Tang SY, Li W, Inglis DW, Hosokawa Y, Yalikun Y, Li M. Focusing of sub-micrometer particles in microfluidic devices. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:35-53. [PMID: 31720655 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00785g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sub-micrometer particles (0.10-1.0 μm) are of great significance to study, e.g., microvesicles and protein aggregates are targets for therapeutic intervention, and sub-micrometer fluorescent polystyrene (PS) particles are used as probes for diagnostic imaging. Focusing of sub-micrometer particles - precisely control over the position of sub-micrometer particles in a tightly focused stream - has a wide range of applications in the field of biology, chemistry and environment, by acting as a prerequisite step for downstream detection, manipulation and quantification. Microfluidic devices have been attracting great attention as desirable tools for sub-micrometer particle focusing, due to their small size, low reagent consumption, fast analysis and low cost. Recent advancements in fundamental knowledge and fabrication technologies have enabled microfluidic focusing of particles at sub-micrometer scale in a continuous, label-free and high-throughput manner. Microfluidic methods for the focusing of sub-micrometer particles can be classified into two main groups depending on whether an external field is applied: 1) passive methods, which utilize intrinsic fluidic properties without the need of external actuation, such as inertial, deterministic lateral displacement (DLD), viscoelastic and hydrophoretic focusing; and 2) active methods, where external fields are used, such as dielectrophoretic, thermophoretic, acoustophoretic and optical focusing. This article mainly reviews the studies on the focusing of sub-micrometer particles in microfluidic devices over the past 10 years. It aims to bridge the gap between the focusing of micrometer and nanometer scale (1.0-100 nm) particles and to improve the understanding of development progress, current advances and future prospects in microfluidic focusing techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianlong Zhang
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara 630-0192, Japan. and School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney 2122, Australia.
| | - Zhen-Yi Hong
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara 630-0192, Japan.
| | - Shi-Yang Tang
- School of Mechanical, Materials, Mechatronic and Biomedical Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2522, Australia
| | - Weihua Li
- School of Mechanical, Materials, Mechatronic and Biomedical Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2522, Australia
| | - David W Inglis
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney 2122, Australia.
| | - Yoichiroh Hosokawa
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara 630-0192, Japan.
| | - Yaxiaer Yalikun
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara 630-0192, Japan.
| | - Ming Li
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney 2122, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zahedi Siani O, Sojoodi M, Zabetian Targhi M, Movahedin M. Blood Particle Separation Using Dielectrophoresis in A Novel Microchannel: A Numerical Study. CELL JOURNAL 2019; 22:218-226. [PMID: 31721537 PMCID: PMC6874797 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2020.6386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Objective We present a four-branch model of the dielectrophoresis (DEP) method that takes into consideration the
inherent properties of particles, including size, electrical conductivity, and permittivity coefficient. By using this model,
bioparticles can be continuously separated by the application of only a one-stage separation process.
Materials and Methods In this numerical study, we based the separation process on the differences in the particle
sizes. We used the various negative DEP forces on the particles caused by the electrodes to separate them with a high
efficiency. The particle separator could separate blood cells because of their different sizes.
Results Blood cells greater than 12 μm were guided to a special branch, which improved separation efficiency because
it prevented the deposition of particles in other branches. The designed device had the capability to separate blood cells
with diameters of 2.0 μm, 6.2 μm, 10.0 μm, and greater than 12.0 μm. The applied voltage to the electrodes was 50 V
with a frequency of 100 kHz.
Conclusion The proposed device is a simple, efficient DEP-based continuous cell separator. This capability makes it
ideal for use in various biomedical applications, including cell therapy and cell separation, and results in a throughput
increment of microfluidics devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omid Zahedi Siani
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Sojoodi
- Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. Electronic Address:
| | - Mohammad Zabetian Targhi
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. Electronic Address:
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lee J, Mena SE, Burns MA. Micro-Particle Operations Using Asymmetric Traps. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1278. [PMID: 30718531 PMCID: PMC6362267 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37454-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Micro-particle operations in many lab-on-a-chip devices require active-type techniques that are accompanied by complex fabrication and operation. The present study describes an alternative method using a passive microfluidic scheme that allows for simpler operation and, therefore, potentially less expensive devices. We present three practical micro-particle operations using our previously developed passive mechanical trap, the asymmetric trap, in a non-acoustic oscillatory flow field. First, we demonstrate size-based segregation of both binary and ternary micro-particle mixtures using size-dependent trap-particle interactions to induce different transport speeds for each particle type. The degree of segregation, yield, and purity of the binary segregations are 0.97 ± 0.02, 0.96 ± 0.06, and 0.95 ± 0.05, respectively. Next, we perform a solution exchange by displacing particles from one solution into another in a trap array. Lastly, we focus and split groups of micro-particles by exploiting the transport polarity of asymmetric traps. These operations can be implemented in any closed fluidic circuit containing asymmetric traps using non-acoustic oscillatory flow, and they open new opportunities to flexibly control micro-particles in integrated lab-on-a-chip platforms with minimal external equipment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaesung Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48109, USA
| | - Sarah E Mena
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48109, USA
| | - Mark A Burns
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48109, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48109, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yang F, Zhang Y, Cui X, Fan Y, Xue Y, Miao H, Li G. Extraction of Cell-Free Whole Blood Plasma Using a Dielectrophoresis-Based Microfluidic Device. Biotechnol J 2018; 14:e1800181. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201800181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education; School of Life Sciences; Jilin University; 2699 Qianjin Street Changchun 130012 China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education; School of Life Sciences; Jilin University; 2699 Qianjin Street Changchun 130012 China
- Department of Pediatrics; The First Hospital of Jilin University; Jilin University; Changchun 130021 China
| | - Xi Cui
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education; School of Life Sciences; Jilin University; 2699 Qianjin Street Changchun 130012 China
| | - Yutong Fan
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education; School of Life Sciences; Jilin University; 2699 Qianjin Street Changchun 130012 China
| | - Ying Xue
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education; School of Life Sciences; Jilin University; 2699 Qianjin Street Changchun 130012 China
| | - Haipeng Miao
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education; School of Life Sciences; Jilin University; 2699 Qianjin Street Changchun 130012 China
| | - Guiying Li
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education; School of Life Sciences; Jilin University; 2699 Qianjin Street Changchun 130012 China
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine; School of Life Sciences; Jilin University; Changchun 130012 China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Purnell MC, Butawan MB, Ramsey RD. Bio-field array: a dielectrophoretic electromagnetic toroidal excitation to restore and maintain the golden ratio in human erythrocytes. Physiol Rep 2018; 6:e13722. [PMID: 29890049 PMCID: PMC5995311 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythrocytes must maintain a biconcave discoid shape in order to efficiently deliver oxygen (O2 ) molecules and to recycle carbon dioxide (CO2 ) molecules. The erythrocyte is a small toroidal dielectrophoretic (DEP) electromagnetic field (EMF) driven cell that maintains its zeta potential (ζ) with a dielectric constant (ԑ) between a negatively charged plasma membrane surface and the positively charged adjacent Stern layer. Here, we propose that zeta potential is also driven by both ferroelectric influences (chloride ion) and ferromagnetic influences (serum iron driven). The Golden Ratio, a function of Phi φ, offers a geometrical mathematical measure within the distinct and desired curvature of the red blood cell that is governed by this zeta potential and is required for the efficient recycling of CO2 in our bodies. The Bio-Field Array (BFA) shows potential to both drive/fuel the zeta potential and restore the Golden Ratio in human erythrocytes thereby leading to more efficient recycling of CO2 . Live Blood Analyses and serum CO2 levels from twenty human subjects that participated in immersion therapy sessions with the BFA for 2 weeks (six sessions) were analyzed. Live Blood Analyses (LBA) and serum blood analyses performed before and after the BFA immersion therapy sessions in the BFA pilot study participants showed reversal of erythrocyte rheological alterations (per RBC metric; P = 0.00000075), a morphological return to the Golden Ratio and a significant decrease in serum CO2 (P = 0.017) in these participants. Immersion therapy sessions with the BFA show potential to modulate zeta potential, restore this newly defined Golden Ratio and reduce rheological alterations in human erythrocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcy C. Purnell
- The Loewenberg College of NursingUniversity of MemphisMemphisTennessee
| | | | - Risa D. Ramsey
- The Loewenberg College of NursingUniversity of MemphisMemphisTennessee
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Cai D, Yi Q, Shen C, Lan Y, Urban G, Du W. Direct enrichment of pathogens from physiological samples of high conductivity and viscosity using H-filter and positive dielectrophoresis. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2018; 12:014109. [PMID: 29430274 PMCID: PMC5780277 DOI: 10.1063/1.5016413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The full potential of microfluidic techniques as rapid and accurate methods for the detection of disease-causing agents and foodborne pathogens is critically limited by the complex sample preparation process, which commonly comprises the enrichment of bacterial cells to detectable levels. In this manuscript, we describe a microfluidic device which integrates H-filter desalination with positive dielectrophoresis (pDEP) for direct enrichment of bacterial cells from physiological samples of high conductivity and viscosity, such as cow's milk and whole human blood. The device contained a winding channel in which electrolytes in the samples continuously diffused into deionized (DI) water (desalination), while the bacterial cells remained in the samples. The length of the main channel was optimized by numerical simulation and experimentally evaluated by the diffusion of fluorescein into DI water. The effects of another three factors on H-filter desalination were also investigated, including (a) the flow rate ratio between the sample and DI water, (b) sample viscosity, and (c) non-Newtonian fluids. After H-filter desalination, the samples were withdrawn into the dielectrophoresis chamber in which the bacterial cells were captured by pDEP. The feasibility of the device was demonstrated by the direct capture of the bacterial cells in 1× PBS buffer, cow's milk, and whole human blood after H-filter desalination, with the capture efficiencies of 70.7%, 90.0%, and 80.2%, respectively. We believe that this simple method can be easily integrated into portable microfluidic diagnosis devices for rapid and accurate detection of disease-causing agents and foodborne pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chaohua Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ying Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Gerald Urban
- Laboratory for Sensors, Department of Microsystems Engineering - IMTEK, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79110, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
A bead-based immunofluorescence-assay on a microfluidic dielectrophoresis platform for rapid dengue virus detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 95:174-180. [PMID: 28453962 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The proof of concept of utilizing a microfluidic dielectrophoresis (DEP) chip was conducted to rapidly detect a dengue virus (DENV) in vitro based on the fluorescence immunosensing. The mechanism of detection was that the DEP force was employed to capture the modified beads (mouse anti-flavivirus monoclonal antibody-coated beads) in the microfluidic chip and the DENV modified with fluorescence label, as the detection target, can be then captured on the modified beads by immunoreaction. The fluorescent signal was then obtained through fluorescence microscopy, and then quantified by ImageJ freeware. The platform can accelerate an immuno-reaction time, in which the on-chip detection time was 5min, and demonstrating an ability for DENV detection as low as 104 PFU/mL. Furthermore, the required volume of DENV samples dramatically reduced, from the commonly used ~50µL to ~15µL, and the chip was reusable (>50x). Overall, this platform provides a rapid detection (5min) of the DENV with a low sample volume, compared to conventional methods. This proof of concept with regard to a microfluidic dielectrophoresis chip thus shows the potential of immunofluorescence based-assay applications to meet diagnostic needs.
Collapse
|
20
|
Maria MS, Rakesh PE, Chandra TS, Sen AK. Capillary flow-driven microfluidic device with wettability gradient and sedimentation effects for blood plasma separation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43457. [PMID: 28256564 PMCID: PMC5335260 DOI: 10.1038/srep43457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a capillary flow-driven microfluidic device for blood-plasma separation that comprises a cylindrical well between a pair of bottom and top channels. Exposure of the well to oxygen-plasma creates wettability gradient on its inner surface with its ends hydrophilic and middle portion hydrophobic. Due to capillary action, sample blood self-infuses into bottom channel and rises up the well. Separation of plasma occurs at the hydrophobic patch due to formation of a ‘self-built-in filter’ and sedimentation. Capillary velocity is predicted using a model and validated using experimental data. Sedimentation of RBCs is explained using modified Steinour’s model and correlation between settling velocity and liquid concentration is found. Variation of contact angle on inner surface of the well is characterized and effects of well diameter and height and dilution ratio on plasma separation rate are investigated. With a well of 1.0 mm diameter and 4.0 mm height, 2.0 μl of plasma was obtained (from <10 μl whole blood) in 15 min with a purification efficiency of 99.9%. Detection of glucose was demonstrated with the plasma obtained. Wetting property of channels was maintained by storing in DI water under vacuum and performance of the device was found to be unaffected over three weeks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Sneha Maria
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600036, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600036, India
| | - P E Rakesh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600036, India
| | - T S Chandra
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600036, India
| | - A K Sen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600036, India
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abd Rahman N, Ibrahim F, Yafouz B. Dielectrophoresis for Biomedical Sciences Applications: A Review. SENSORS 2017; 17:s17030449. [PMID: 28245552 PMCID: PMC5375735 DOI: 10.3390/s17030449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Dielectrophoresis (DEP) is a label-free, accurate, fast, low-cost diagnostic technique that uses the principles of polarization and the motion of bioparticles in applied electric fields. This technique has been proven to be beneficial in various fields, including environmental research, polymer research, biosensors, microfluidics, medicine and diagnostics. Biomedical science research is one of the major research areas that could potentially benefit from DEP technology for diverse applications. Nevertheless, many medical science research investigations have yet to benefit from the possibilities offered by DEP. This paper critically reviews the fundamentals, recent progress, current challenges, future directions and potential applications of research investigations in the medical sciences utilizing DEP technique. This review will also act as a guide and reference for medical researchers and scientists to explore and utilize the DEP technique in their research fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nurhaslina Abd Rahman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
- Centre for Innovation in Medical Engineering (CIME), Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Fatimah Ibrahim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
- Centre for Innovation in Medical Engineering (CIME), Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Bashar Yafouz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
- Centre for Innovation in Medical Engineering (CIME), Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
- Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, Taiz University, 6803 Taiz, Yemen.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Mielczarek WS, Obaje EA, Bachmann TT, Kersaudy-Kerhoas M. Microfluidic blood plasma separation for medical diagnostics: is it worth it? LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:3441-8. [PMID: 27502438 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc00833j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Circulating biomarkers are on the verge of becoming powerful diagnostic tools for various human diseases. However, the complex sample composition makes it difficult to detect biomarkers directly from blood at the bench or at the point-of-care. Blood cells are often a source of variability of the biomarker signal. While the interference of hemoglobin is a long known source of variability, the release of nucleic acids and other cellular components from hemocytes is a new concern for measurement and detection of circulating extracellular markers. Research into miniaturised blood plasma separation has been thriving in the last 10 years (2006-2016). Most point-of-care systems need microscale blood plasma separation, but developed solutions differ in complexity and sample volume range. But could blood plasma separation be avoided completely? This focused review weights the advantages and limits of miniaturised blood plasma separation and highlights the most interesting advances in direct capture as well as smart blood plasma separation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W S Mielczarek
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Computational Analysis of Enhanced Circulating Tumour Cell (CTC) Separation in a Microfluidic System with an Integrated Dielectrophoretic-Magnetophorectic (DEP-MAP) Technique. CHEMOSENSORS 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors4030014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
24
|
Development of a microfluidic device for cell concentration and blood cell-plasma separation. Biomed Microdevices 2015; 17:115. [DOI: 10.1007/s10544-015-0017-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
25
|
Mohammadi M, Madadi H, Casals-Terré J. Microfluidic point-of-care blood panel based on a novel technique: Reversible electroosmotic flow. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2015; 9:054106. [PMID: 26396660 PMCID: PMC4567574 DOI: 10.1063/1.4930865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
A wide range of diseases and conditions are monitored or diagnosed from blood plasma, but the ability to analyze a whole blood sample with the requirements for a point-of-care device, such as robustness, user-friendliness, and simple handling, remains unmet. Microfluidics technology offers the possibility not only to work fresh thumb-pricked whole blood but also to maximize the amount of the obtained plasma from the initial sample and therefore the possibility to implement multiple tests in a single cartridge. The microfluidic design presented in this paper is a combination of cross-flow filtration with a reversible electroosmotic flow that prevents clogging at the filter entrance and maximizes the amount of separated plasma. The main advantage of this design is its efficiency, since from a small amount of sample (a single droplet [Formula: see text]10 μl) almost 10% of this (approx 1 μl) is extracted and collected with high purity (more than 99%) in a reasonable time (5-8 min). To validate the quality and quantity of the separated plasma and to show its potential as a clinical tool, the microfluidic chip has been combined with lateral flow immunochromatography technology to perform a qualitative detection of the thyroid-stimulating hormone and a blood panel for measuring cardiac Troponin and Creatine Kinase MB. The results from the microfluidic system are comparable to previous commercial lateral flow assays that required more sample for implementing fewer tests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jasmina Casals-Terré
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Technical University of Catalonia , Terrassa 0822, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Madadi H, Casals-Terré J, Mohammadi M. Self-driven filter-based blood plasma separator microfluidic chip for point-of-care testing. Biofabrication 2015; 7:025007. [PMID: 26000798 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/7/2/025007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
There is currently a growing need for lab-on-a-chip devices for use in clinical analysis and diagnostics, especially in the area of patient care. The first step in most blood assays is plasma extraction from whole blood. This paper presents a novel, self-driven blood plasma separation microfluidic chip, which can extract more than 0.1 μl plasma from a single droplet of undiluted fresh human blood (~5 μl). This volume of blood plasma is extracted from whole blood with high purity (more than 98%) in a reasonable time frame (3 to 5 min), and without the need for any external force. This would be the first step towards the realization of a single-use, self-blood test that does not require any external force or power source to deliver and analyze a fresh whole-blood sample, in contrast to the existing time-consuming conventional blood analysis. The prototypes are manufactured in polydimethylsiloxane that has been modified with a strong nonionic surfactant (Silwet L-77) to achieve hydrophilic behavior. The main advantage of this microfluidic chip design is the clogging delay in the filtration area, which results in an increased amount of extracted plasma (0.1 μl). Moreover, the plasma can be collected in one or more 10 μm-deep channels to facilitate the detection and readout of multiple blood assays. This high volume of extracted plasma is achieved thanks to a novel design that combines maximum pumping efficiency without disturbing the red blood cells' trajectory through the use of different hydrodynamic principles, such as a constriction effect and a symmetrical filtration mode. To demonstrate the microfluidic chip's functionality, we designed and fabricated a novel hybrid microdevice that exhibits the benefits of both microfluidics and lateral flow immunochromatographic tests. The performance of the presented hybrid microdevice is validated using rapid detection of thyroid stimulating hormone within a single droplet of whole blood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hojjat Madadi
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Health Care, Italian Institute of Technology, Naples, Italy. Technical University of Catalonia, Mechanical Engineering Department, Terrassa, Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kim D, Shim J, Chuang HS, Kim KC. Numerical simulation on the opto-electro-kinetic patterning for rapid concentration of particles in a microchannel. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2015; 9:034102. [PMID: 26015839 PMCID: PMC4433480 DOI: 10.1063/1.4921232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a mathematical model for laser-induced rapid electro-kinetic patterning (REP) to elucidate the mechanism for concentrating particles in a microchannel non-destructively and non-invasively. COMSOL(®)(v4.2a) multiphysics software was used to examine the effect of a variety of parameters on the focusing performance of the REP. A mathematical model of the REP was developed based on the AC electrothermal flow (ACET) equations, the dielectrophoresis (DEP) equation, the energy balance equation, the Navier-Stokes equation, and the concentration-distribution equation. The medium was assumed to be a diluted solute, and different electric potentials and laser illumination were applied to the desired place. Gold (Au) electrodes were used at the top and bottom of a microchannel. For model validation, the simulation results were compared with the experimental data. The results revealed the formation of a toroidal microvortex via the ACET effect, which was generated due to laser illumination and joule-heating in the area of interest. In addition, under some conditions, such as the frequency of AC, the DEP velocity, and the particle size, the ACET force enhances and compresses resulting in the concentration of particles. The conditions of the DEP velocity and the ACET velocity are presented in detail with a comparison of the experimental results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Pusan National University , Busan 609-735, South Korea
| | - Jaesool Shim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University , Gyeongsan 712-749, South Korea
| | - Han-Sheng Chuang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University , Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kyung Chun Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Pusan National University , Busan 609-735, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Tomaiuolo G. Biomechanical properties of red blood cells in health and disease towards microfluidics. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2014; 8:051501. [PMID: 25332724 PMCID: PMC4189537 DOI: 10.1063/1.4895755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Red blood cells (RBCs) possess a unique capacity for undergoing cellular deformation to navigate across various human microcirculation vessels, enabling them to pass through capillaries that are smaller than their diameter and to carry out their role as gas carriers between blood and tissues. Since there is growing evidence that red blood cell deformability is impaired in some pathological conditions, measurement of RBC deformability has been the focus of numerous studies over the past decades. Nevertheless, reports on healthy and pathological RBCs are currently limited and, in many cases, are not expressed in terms of well-defined cell membrane parameters such as elasticity and viscosity. Hence, it is often difficult to integrate these results into the basic understanding of RBC behaviour, as well as into clinical applications. The aim of this review is to summarize currently available reports on RBC deformability and to highlight its association with various human diseases such as hereditary disorders (e.g., spherocytosis, elliptocytosis, ovalocytosis, and stomatocytosis), metabolic disorders (e.g., diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, obesity), adenosine triphosphate-induced membrane changes, oxidative stress, and paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. Microfluidic techniques have been identified as the key to develop state-of-the-art dynamic experimental models for elucidating the significance of RBC membrane alterations in pathological conditions and the role that such alterations play in the microvasculature flow dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Tomaiuolo
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, Università di Napoli Federico II , Piazzale Tecchio 80, Napoli 80125, Italy and CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate , Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, Napoli 80145, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Gong MM, Macdonald BD, Vu Nguyen T, Van Nguyen K, Sinton D. Field tested milliliter-scale blood filtration device for point-of-care applications. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2013; 7:44111. [PMID: 24404044 PMCID: PMC3752026 DOI: 10.1063/1.4817792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we present a low cost and equipment-free blood filtration device capable of producing plasma from blood samples with mL-scale capacity and demonstrate its clinical application for hepatitis B diagnosis. We report the results of in-field testing of the device with 0.8-1 ml of undiluted, anticoagulated human whole blood samples from patients at the National Hospital for Tropical Diseases in Hanoi, Vietnam. Blood cell counts demonstrate that the device is capable of filtering out 99.9% of red and 96.9% of white blood cells, and the plasma collected from the device contains lower red blood cell counts than plasma obtained from a centrifuge. Biochemistry and immunology testing establish the suitability of the device as a sample preparation unit for testing alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), urea, hepatitis B "e" antigen (HBeAg), hepatitis B "e" antibody (HBe Ab), and hepatitis B surface antibody (HBs Ab). The device provides a simple and practical front-end sample processing method for point-of-care microfluidic diagnostics, enabling sufficient volumes for multiplexed downstream tests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Max M Gong
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Brendan D Macdonald
- Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, 2000 Simcoe Street North, Oshawa, Ontario L1H 7K4, Canada
| | - Trung Vu Nguyen
- National Hospital for Tropical Diseases, 78 Giai Phong Street, Hanoi, Vietnam ; Department of Microbiology, Hanoi Medical University, 1 Ton That Tung Street, Hanoi, Vietnam ; Department of Clinical Microbiology and Parasitology, Hanoi Medical University, 1 Ton That Tung Street, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Kinh Van Nguyen
- National Hospital for Tropical Diseases, 78 Giai Phong Street, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - David Sinton
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Hamdi FS, Français O, Subra F, Dufour-Gergam E, Le Pioufle B. Microarray of non-connected gold pads used as high density electric traps for parallelized pairing and fusion of cells. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2013; 7:44101. [PMID: 24404035 PMCID: PMC3716780 DOI: 10.1063/1.4813062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Cell fusion consists of inducing the formation of a hybridoma cell containing the genetic properties of the progenitor cells. Such an operation is usually performed chemically or electrically. The latter method, named electrofusion, is considered as having a strong potential, due to its efficiency and non-toxicity, but deserves further investigations prior to being applicable for key applications like antibody production and cancer immunotherapy. Indeed, to envision such applications, a high amount of hybrid cells is needed. In this context, we present in this paper a device for massive cell pairing and electrofusion, using a microarray of non-connected conductive pads. The electrofusion chamber--or channel--exposes cells to an inhomogeneous electric field, caused by the pads array, enabling the trapping and pairing of cells with dielectrophoresis (DEP) forces prior to electrofusion. Compared to a mechanical trapping, such electric trapping is fully reversible (on/off handling). The DEP force is contactless and thus eases the release of the produced hybridoma. Moreover, the absence of wire connections on the pads permits the high density trapping and electrofusion of cells. In this paper, the electric field mapping, the effect of metallic pads thickness, and the transmembrane potential of cells are studied based on a numerical model to optimize the device. Electric calculations and experiments were conducted to evaluate the trapping force. The structure was finally validated for cell pairing and electrofusion of arrays of cells. We believe that our approach of fully electric trapping with a simple structure is a promising method for massive production of electrofused hybridoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feriel S Hamdi
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Cachan, CNRS, SATIE, UMR 8029, Cachan, France ; Univ Paris-Sud, CNRS, Institut d'Electronique Fondamentale, UMR 8622, Orsay, France
| | - Olivier Français
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Cachan, CNRS, SATIE, UMR 8029, Cachan, France
| | - Frederic Subra
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Cachan, CNRS, LBPA, UMR 8113, Cachan, France
| | | | - Bruno Le Pioufle
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Cachan, CNRS, SATIE, UMR 8029, Cachan, France
| |
Collapse
|