1
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De Nicola A, Touloupidis V, Kanellopoulos V, Albunia AR, Milano G. A combined experimental and molecular simulation study on stress generation phenomena during the Ziegler-Natta polyethylene catalyst fragmentation process. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:5178-5188. [PMID: 36504732 PMCID: PMC9680958 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00406b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The morphology of particles obtained under different pre-polymerization conditions has been connected to the stress generation mechanism at the polymer/catalyst interface. A combination of experimental characterization techniques and atomistic molecular dynamics simulations allowed a systematic investigation of experimental conditions leading to a certain particle morphology, and hence to a final polymer with specific features. Atomistic models of nascent polymer phases in contact with magnesium dichloride surfaces have been developed and validated. Using these detailed models, in the framework of McKenna's hypothesis, the pressure increase due to the polymerization reaction has been calculated under different conditions and is in good agreement with experimental scenarios. This molecular scale knowledge and the proposed investigation strategy would allow the pre-polymerization conditions to be better defined and the properties of the nascent polymer to be tuned, ensuring proper operability along the whole polymer production process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio De Nicola
- Scuola Superiore Meridionale Largo San Marcellino 10 80132 Napoli Italy
| | - Vasileios Touloupidis
- Innovation & Technology, Borealis Polyolefine GmbH St. Peter Strasse 25 4021 Linz Austria
| | | | - Alexandra R Albunia
- Innovation & Technology, Borealis Polyolefine GmbH St. Peter Strasse 25 4021 Linz Austria
| | - Giuseppe Milano
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II Piazzale V. Tecchio 80 80125 Napoli Italy
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2
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Sanviti M, Martínez-Tong DE, Rebollar E, Ezquerra TA, García-Gutiérrez MC. Crystallization and phase separation in PEDOT:PSS/PEO blend thin films: Influence on mechanical and electrical properties at the nanoscale. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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3
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Wang Q, Kang L, Xu X, Zhang M, Chao A, Chen J, Han Z, Yu H, Li R, Zhao Y, Zhang D, Jiang N. Multiscale Crystalline Structure of Confined Polypeptoid Films: The Effect of Alkyl Side Chain Branching. ACS Macro Lett 2022; 11:1060-1066. [PMID: 35976225 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.2c00271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report the effect of alkyl side chain branching on melt-recrystallization of nanoconfined polypeptoid films using poly(N-octyl glycine) (PNOG) and poly(N-2-ethyl-1-hexyl glycine) (PNEHG) as model systems. Upon cooling from the isotropic melt, confined PNOG molecules recrystallize into a near-perfect orthorhombic crystal structure with the board-like molecules stacked face-to-face in the substrate-parallel direction, resulting in long-range ordered wormlike lamellae that occupy the entire film. By contrast, rod-like PNEHG molecules bearing branched N-2-ethyl-1-hexyl side chains stack into a columnar hexagonal mesophase with their backbones oriented parallel to the substrates, forming micron-sized sheaf-like superstructures under confinement, exposing large areas of empty spaces in the film. These findings highlight the effect of alkyl side chain branching on the packing motif and multiscale crystalline structure of polypeptoids under a nanoconfined geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Liying Kang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiangyu Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Albert Chao
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Jianxia Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhijing Han
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Huihui Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ruipeng Li
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Yixin Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Precise Mining of Intergrown Energy and Resources, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Donghui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Naisheng Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
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4
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Di Sacco F, de Jong L, Pelras T, Portale G. Confined crystallization and polymorphism in iPP thin films. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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5
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Mamun A. Retardation of the growth rate of the basal and overgrown lamellar crystals of PCL/PVME miscible binary blends with thickness confinement. Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-021-00610-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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6
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Mamun A. Morphology of the basal lamellar crystal and overgrown lamellae of poly (ε-caprolactone) / poly (vinyl methyl ether) blends isothermally crystallized at high temperatures. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-02915-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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7
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Nagarajan S, Woo EM. Three-dimensional periodic architecture in Poly(ε-caprolactone) crystallized in bulk aggregates. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.123059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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8
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Napolitano S. Irreversible adsorption of polymer melts and nanoconfinement effects. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:5348-5365. [PMID: 32419002 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00361a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
For almost a decade, growing experimental evidence has revealed a strong correlation between the properties of nanoconfined polymers and the number of chains irreversibly adsorbed onto nonrepulsive interfaces, e.g. the supporting substrate of thin polymer coatings, or nanofillers dispersed in polymer melts. Based on such a correlation, it has already been possible to tailor structural and dynamics properties - such as the glass transition temperature, the crystallization rate, the thermal expansion coefficients, the viscosity and the wettability - of nanomaterials by controlling the adsorption kinetics. This evidence indicates that irreversible adsorption affects nanoconfinement effects. More recently, also the opposite phenomenon was experimentally observed: nanoconfinement alters interfacial interactions and, consequently, also the number of chains adsorbed in equilibrium conditions. In this review we discuss this intriguing interplay between irreversible adsorption and nanoconfinement effects in ultrathin polymer films. After introducing the methods currently used to prepare adsorbed layers and to measure the number of irreversibly adsorbed chains, we analyze the models employed to describe the kinetics of adsorption in polymer melts. We then discuss the structure of adsorbed polymer layers, focusing on the complex macromolecular architecture of interfacial chains and on their thermal expansion; we examine the way in which the structure of the adsorbed layer affects the thermal glass transition temperature, vitrification, and crystallization. By analyzing segmental dynamics of 1D confined systems, we describe experiments to track the changes in density during adsorption. We conclude this review with an analysis of the impact of nanoconfinement on adsorption, and a perspective on future work where we also address the key ideas of irreversibility, equilibration and long-range interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Napolitano
- Laboratory of Polymer and Soft Matter Dynamics, Experimental Soft Matter and Thermal Physics (EST), Faculté des Sciences, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe, Bruxelles 1050, Belgium.
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9
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de Los Santos Pereira A, Cernescu A, Svoboda J, Sivkova R, Romanenko I, Bashta B, Keilmann F, Pop-Georgievski O. Conformation in Ultrathin Polymer Brush Coatings Resolved by Infrared Nanoscopy. Anal Chem 2020; 92:4716-4720. [PMID: 32129604 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Polymer brush coatings are effective in preventing blood coagulation or bacterial attachment, but their chain conformation, while vital for this effect, was never characterized in high spatial resolution. Here, we report mid-infrared spectroscopic nanoscopy studies of few-nanometer-thin poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) films which reveal marked spectral variations along the surface at a length scale smaller than 100 nm and originating only from the physical conformation of the chains. The conformation and average orientation of the polymer chains in the layer is extracted from the spectra with the aid of theoretic modeling, confirming the spontaneous formation of a crystalline phase. This result suggests spectroscopic nanoscopy as a powerful new tool to characterize polymer brush coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres de Los Santos Pereira
- Department of Chemistry and Physics of Surfaces and Biointerfaces, Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovsky sq. 2, 162 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Jan Svoboda
- Department of Chemistry and Physics of Surfaces and Biointerfaces, Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovsky sq. 2, 162 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radoslava Sivkova
- Department of Chemistry and Physics of Surfaces and Biointerfaces, Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovsky sq. 2, 162 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Iryna Romanenko
- Department of Chemistry and Physics of Surfaces and Biointerfaces, Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovsky sq. 2, 162 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Bogdana Bashta
- Department of Chemistry and Physics of Surfaces and Biointerfaces, Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovsky sq. 2, 162 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Fritz Keilmann
- Fakultät für Physik & Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 80539 München, Germany
| | - Ognen Pop-Georgievski
- Department of Chemistry and Physics of Surfaces and Biointerfaces, Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovsky sq. 2, 162 06 Prague, Czech Republic
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10
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Cao Y, Zhu P, Zhou Y, Wang D, Dong X. Influence of soft block and film thickness on confined morphology of poly(ether‐
mb
‐amide) multiblock copolymers. POLYMER CRYSTALLIZATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pcr2.10100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yiyu Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular SciencesInstitute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Polymers and Composites DivisionNingbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo China
| | - Ping Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular SciencesInstitute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Yong Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular SciencesInstitute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Dujin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular SciencesInstitute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Xia Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular SciencesInstitute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
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11
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Taguchi K, Miyamoto Y, Toda A. Molecular Weight Dependence of Crystal Growth in Isotactic Polystyrene Ultrathin Films. ACS Macro Lett 2019; 8:1227-1232. [PMID: 35651162 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we report the molecular weight dependence of the crystal growth of isotactic polystyrene from 10 nm ultrathin films. The growth rate and characteristic length of the branching morphology of a crystal grown in 10 nm ultrathin films change depending on the molecular weight of the sample. Analysis of the molecular weight dependence according to the theory of growth front instability reveals that the diffusion coefficient of molecular chains in ultrathin films around branching crystals scales with the molecular weight as Mw-1.4 for samples with weights higher than the critical molecular weight for the entanglement of polystyrene. This result indicates that the polymer chains in the depletion zone around the crystals diffuse in quasi-two dimensions through the reptational motion modified on an attractive substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Taguchi
- Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Miyamoto
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Yoshida-nihonmatsu-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Akihiko Toda
- Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan
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12
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Wang Y, Gu K, Monnier X, Jeong H, Chowdhury M, Cangialosi D, Loo YL, Priestley RD. Tunable Properties of MAPLE-Deposited Thin Films in the Presence of Suppressed Segmental Dynamics. ACS Macro Lett 2019; 8:1115-1121. [PMID: 35619457 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Processing polymer thin films by physical vapor deposition has been a major challenge due to material degradation. This challenge has limited our understanding of morphological control by top-down approaches that can be crucial for many applications. Recently, matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation (MAPLE) has emerged as an alternative route to fabricate polymer thin films from near-gas phase growth conditions. In this Letter, we investigate how this approach can result in a stable two-phase film structure of semicrystalline polymers via a unique combination of MAPLE and flash calorimetry. In the case of MAPLE-deposited poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) thin films, we find a 35 °C enhancement in the glass transition temperature relative to melt-crystallized films, which is associated with irreversible chain adsorption in the amorphous region of the film. Remarkably, by varying substrate temperature during deposition, we reveal the ability to significantly tune the crystal orientation, extent of crystallinity, and lamellar thickness of MAPLE-deposited PEO thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucheng Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Kaichen Gu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Xavier Monnier
- Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Hyuncheol Jeong
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Mithun Chowdhury
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
- Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Daniele Cangialosi
- Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Yueh-Lin Loo
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
- Andlinger Center for Energy and the Environment, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Rodney D. Priestley
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
- Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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13
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Majumder S, Poudel P, Zhang H, Xu J, Reiter G. A nucleation mechanism leading to stacking of lamellar crystals in polymer thin films. POLYM INT 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Majumder
- Experimental Polymer Physics University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany
| | | | - Hui Zhang
- Experimental Polymer Physics University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing China
| | - Günter Reiter
- Experimental Polymer Physics University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany
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14
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Zhang L, Zhao G, Wang G. Investigation of the influence of pressurized CO 2 on the crystal growth of poly(l-lactic acid) by using an in situ high-pressure optical system. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:5714-5727. [PMID: 31265051 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm00737g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Since CO2 is a kind of nontoxic, non-flammable and biocompatible fluid, introducing CO2 in the PLLA formation process has been regarded as a green way to the manufacture of biological products or medical supplies. However, it is still a challenge to understand the influence of CO2 on the crystal growth behavior of PLLA. Here, we developed an in situ high-pressure observation system, composed of optics, polarization optics and a small angle laser scattering system, to record the growth process of PLLA crystals in a pressurized CO2 environment. It is found that, at a low temperature (near Tg), low pressure CO2 (0.5 MPa in this work) can still induce the formation of numerous micron-sized spherulites of PLLA. Therefore, the introduction of CO2 can significantly enhance the crystallization ability of PLLA and decrease the crystallization temperature, which is helpful in improving the mechanical properties of PLLA products. We also found that a snowflake-shaped crystal was assembled by rhombic lamellae under pressurized CO2. There is a melt accumulation zone surrounding the growth front of the snowflake-shaped crystal, indicating that the growth front nucleation is limited by the pressurized CO2. This melt accumulation zone is quite different from the melt depletion zone existing ahead of the reported dendritic crystal front. Interestingly, in a high-pressure CO2 environment, a kind of bamboo-like branch is formed in a rhythmic growth mode. The repeating unit of the bamboo-like branch is constructed by an asymmetric terrace crystal originated from screw dislocation in the melt accumulation zone. These results demonstrated that CO2 has a remarkable tunability on the polymer crystal morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250061, P. R. China.
| | - Guoqun Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250061, P. R. China.
| | - Guilong Wang
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250061, P. R. China.
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15
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Busse K, Fuchs C, Hasan N, Pulst M, Kressler J. Crystallization of Poly(ethylene oxide) on the Surface of Aqueous Salt Solutions Studied by Grazing Incidence Wide-Angle X-ray Scattering. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:12759-12763. [PMID: 30285451 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b02451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We report the thin layer crystallization of high-molar mass poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) on a liquid support using a 4 M K2CO3 aqueous solution as a subphase. Because of the Hofmeister effect, PEO does not dissolve and remains at the surface during compression on a Langmuir trough. The transition from the flat pancake conformation upon compression of the spread polymer film to an entangled monolayer results in a plateau region of the Langmuir isotherm. Using grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering, the final crystallization of PEO was observed, and the crystal orientation was determined. The fold surface was (209̅), that is, the helix axis has a tilt angle of 2.9° to the normal vector of the water surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Busse
- Department of Chemistry , Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg , D-06099 Halle (Saale) , Germany
| | - Christian Fuchs
- Department of Chemistry , Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg , D-06099 Halle (Saale) , Germany
| | - Nazmul Hasan
- Department of Chemistry , Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg , D-06099 Halle (Saale) , Germany
| | - Martin Pulst
- Department of Chemistry , Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg , D-06099 Halle (Saale) , Germany
| | - Jörg Kressler
- Department of Chemistry , Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg , D-06099 Halle (Saale) , Germany
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16
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Majumder S, Busch H, Poudel P, Mecking S, Reiter G. Growth Kinetics of Stacks of Lamellar Polymer Crystals. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hanna Busch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Mecking
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
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17
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Poudel P, Majumder S, Chandran S, Zhang H, Reiter G. Formation of Periodically Modulated Polymer Crystals. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hui Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 201620 Shanghai, China
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18
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Agbolaghi S, Abbaspoor S, Abbasi F. A comprehensive review on polymer single crystals—From fundamental concepts to applications. Prog Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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19
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Hall AR, Geoghegan M. Polymers and biopolymers at interfaces. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2018; 81:036601. [PMID: 29368695 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/aa9e9c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
This review updates recent progress in the understanding of the behaviour of polymers at surfaces and interfaces, highlighting examples in the areas of wetting, dewetting, crystallization, and 'smart' materials. Recent developments in analysis tools have yielded a large increase in the study of biological systems, and some of these will also be discussed, focussing on areas where surfaces are important. These areas include molecular binding events and protein adsorption as well as the mapping of the surfaces of cells. Important techniques commonly used for the analysis of surfaces and interfaces are discussed separately to aid the understanding of their application.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Hall
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Hounsfield Road, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom. Fraunhofer Project Centre for Embedded Bioanalytical Systems, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
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20
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Wang B, Tang S, Wang Y, Shen C, Reiter R, Reiter G, Chen J, Zhang B. Systematic Control of Self-Seeding Crystallization Patterns of Poly(ethylene oxide) in Thin Films. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b02445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Binghua Wang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaohua Tang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Changyu Shen
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Renate Reiter
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Günter Reiter
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jingbo Chen
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Zhang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, People’s Republic of China
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21
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Chai Y, Forrest JA. Using Atomic Force Microscopy to Probe Crystallization in Atactic Polystyrenes. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201700466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chai
- Department of Physics and Astronomy; University of Waterloo; Waterloo ON N2L 3G1 Canada
| | - James A. Forrest
- Department of Physics and Astronomy; University of Waterloo; Waterloo ON N2L 3G1 Canada
- Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics; 31 Caroline St. Waterloo ON N2L 2Y5 Canada
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22
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Shinotsuka K, Assender H. In situAFM study of near-surface crystallization in PET and PEN. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.44269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kei Shinotsuka
- Department of Materials; University of Oxford; Parks Road Oxford OX1 3PH United Kingdom
| | - Hazel Assender
- Department of Materials; University of Oxford; Parks Road Oxford OX1 3PH United Kingdom
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23
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Sun X, Gao N, Li Q, Zhang J, Yang X, Ren Z, Yan S. Crystal Morphology of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) on Amorphous Poly(vinylphenol) Substrate. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:3983-3994. [PMID: 27068580 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The crystalline morphology and orientation of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) thin film on the poly(vinylphenol) (PVPh) sublayer with different thickness was studied by atomic force microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and infrared spectroscopy. PVPh sublayer influences the morphology of PHB greatly. Although edge-on lamellae form on both Si and PVPh surfaces at relatively lower crystallization temperature, the morphology of them is quite different. It appears as sheaflike edge-on lamellar morphology on PVPh sublayer. In addition, the edge-on lamellae prefer to form on the PVPh sublayers at much higher crystallization temperature compared with that on Si wafer. The PVPh layer thickness also influences the crystalline morphology of PHB. On a 30 nm thick PVPh layer, sheaflike edge-on lamellae form in a wide range of crystallization temperatures. When the PVPh thickness increases to 65 nm, fingerlike morphology is observed when the crystallization temperature is lower than 95 °C. The fingerlike morphology is caused by a diffusion-limited aggregation process, and it requires an optimum condition. Thickness ratio between PHB and PVPh sublayer and temperature are two key factors for the formation of fingerlike morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029, China
| | - Nan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029, China
| | - Quan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jidong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Xiaoqiu Yang
- Basic Research Service, MOST, Beijing 100862, China
| | - Zhongjie Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shouke Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029, China
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24
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Xu J, Heck B, Ye HM, Jiang J, Tang YR, Liu J, Guo BH, Reiter R, Zhou DS, Reiter G. Stabilization of Nuclei of Lamellar Polymer Crystals: Insights from a Comparison of the Hoffman–Weeks Line with the Crystallization Line. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xu
- Advanced
Materials Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical
Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Barbara Heck
- Institute
of Physics and Freiburg Materials Research Center, Albert-Ludwig-University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hai-Mu Ye
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials
and Technology, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Coordination
Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yi-Ren Tang
- Advanced
Materials Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical
Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Advanced
Materials Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical
Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bao-Hua Guo
- Advanced
Materials Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical
Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Renate Reiter
- Institute
of Physics and Freiburg Materials Research Center, Albert-Ludwig-University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dong-Shan Zhou
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials
and Technology, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Coordination
Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Günter Reiter
- Institute
of Physics and Freiburg Materials Research Center, Albert-Ludwig-University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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25
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26
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Habibi M, Rahimzadeh A, Eslamian M. On dewetting of thin films due to crystallization (crystallization dewetting). THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2016; 39:30. [PMID: 26993991 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2016-16030-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 01/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Drying and crystallization of a thin liquid film of an ionic or a similar solution can cause dewetting in the resulting thin solid film. This paper aims at investigating this type of dewetting, herein termed "crystallization dewetting", using PbI2 dissolved in organic solvents as the model solution. PbI2 solid films are usually used in X-ray detection and lead halide perovskite solar cells. In this work, PbI2 films are fabricated using spin coating and the effect of major parameters influencing the crystallization dewetting, including the type of the solvent, solution concentration, drying temperature, spin speed, as well as imposed vibration on the substrate are studied on dewetting, surface profile and coverage, using confocal scanning laser microscopy. Simplified hydrodynamic governing equations of crystallization in thin films are presented and using a mathematical representation of the process, it is phenomenologically demonstrated that crystallization dewetting occurs due to the absorption and consumption of the solution surrounding a growing crystal. Among the results, it is found that a low spin speed (high thickness), a high solution concentration and a low drying temperature promote crystal growth, and therefore crystallization dewetting. It is also shown that imposed vibration on the substrate can affect the crystal size and crystallization dewetting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Habibi
- University of Michigan - Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Amin Rahimzadeh
- University of Michigan - Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Morteza Eslamian
- University of Michigan - Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, 200240, Shanghai, China.
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27
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Arnal ML, Boissé S, Müller AJ, Meyer F, Raquez JM, Dubois P, Prud`homme RE. Interplay between poly(ethylene oxide) and poly(l-lactide) blocks during diblock copolymer crystallization. CrystEngComm 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ce00330c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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28
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Hou C, Yang T, Sun X, Ren Z, Li H, Yan S. Branched Crystalline Patterns of Poly(ε-caprolactone) and Poly(4-hydroxystyrene) Blends Thin Films. J Phys Chem B 2015; 120:222-30. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b09960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunyue Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical
Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Tianbo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical
Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaoli Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical
Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhongjie Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical
Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Huihui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical
Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shouke Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical
Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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29
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Stroganov V, Al-Hussein M, Sommer JU, Janke A, Zakharchenko S, Ionov L. Reversible thermosensitive biodegradable polymeric actuators based on confined crystallization. NANO LETTERS 2015; 15:1786-90. [PMID: 25650779 DOI: 10.1021/nl5045023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We discovered a new and unexpected effect of reversible actuation of ultrathin semicrystalline polymer films. The principle was demonstrated on the example of thin polycaprolactone-gelatin bilayer films. These films are unfolded at room temperature, fold at temperature above polycaprolactone melting point, and unfold again at room temperature. The actuation is based on reversible switching of the structure of the hydrophobic polymer (polycaprolactone) upon melting and crystallization. We hypothesize that the origin of this unexpected behavior is the orientation of polycaprolactone chains parallel to the surface of the film, which is retained even after melting and crystallization of the polymer or the "crystallization memory effect". In this way, the crystallization generates a directed force, which causes bending of the film. We used this effect for the design of new generation of fully biodegradable thermoresponsive polymeric actuators, which are highly desirable for bionano-technological applications such as reversible encapsulation of cells and design of swimmers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladislav Stroganov
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. , Hohe Strasse 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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30
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Xin R, Zhang J, Sun X, Li H, Qiu Z, Yan S. Epitaxial Effects on Polymer Crystallization. POLYMER CRYSTALLIZATION II 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2015_329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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31
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Asada M, Jiang N, Sendogdular L, Sokolov J, Endoh MK, Koga T, Fukuto M, Yang L, Akgun B, Dimitriou M, Satija S. Melt crystallization/dewetting of ultrathin PEO films via carbon dioxide annealing: the effects of polymer adsorbed layers. SOFT MATTER 2014; 10:6392-6403. [PMID: 24930998 DOI: 10.1039/c4sm00683f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The effects of CO2 annealing on the melting and subsequent melt crystallization processes of spin-cast poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) ultrathin films (20-100 nm in thickness) prepared on Si substrates were investigated. By using in situ neutron reflectivity, we found that all the PEO thin films show melting at a pressure as low as P = 2.9 MPa and at T = 48 °C which is below the bulk melting temperature (Tm). The films were then subjected to quick depressurization to atmospheric pressure, resulting in the non-equilibrium swollen state, and the melt crystallization (and/or dewetting) process was carried out in air via subsequent annealing at given temperatures below Tm. Detailed structural characterization using grazing incidence X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, and polarized optical microscopy revealed two unique aspects of the CO2-treated PEO films: (i) a flat-on lamellar orientation, where the molecular chains stand normal to the film surface, is formed within the entire film regardless of the original film thickness and the annealing temperature; and (ii) the dewetting kinetics for the 20 nm thick film is much slower than that for the thicker films. The key to these phenomena is the formation of irreversibly adsorbed layers on the substrates during the CO2 annealing: the limited plasticization effect of CO2 at the polymer-substrate interface promotes polymer adsorption rather than melting. Here we explain the mechanisms of the melt crystallization and dewetting processes where the adsorbed layers play vital roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsunori Asada
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-2275, USA.
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32
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Zhang H, Yu M, Zhang B, Reiter R, Vielhauer M, Mülhaupt R, Xu J, Reiter G. Correlating polymer crystals via self-induced nucleation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 112:237801. [PMID: 24972225 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.237801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Crystallizable polymers often form multiple stacks of uniquely oriented lamellae, which have good registry despite being separated by amorphous fold surfaces. These correlations require multiple synchronized, yet unidentified, nucleation events. Here, we demonstrate that in thin films of isotactic polystyrene, the probability of generating correlated lamellae is controlled by the branched morphology of a single primary lamella. The nucleation density n(s) of secondary lamellae is found to be dependent on the width w of the branches of the primary lamella such that n(s) ∼ w(-2). This relation is independent of molecular weight, crystallization temperature, and film thickness. We propose a nucleation mechanism based on the insertion of polymers into a branched primary lamellar crystal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Muhuo Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 201620 Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Renate Reiter
- Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, 79104 Freiburg, Germany and Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Vielhauer
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, 79104 Freiburg, Germany and Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rolf Mülhaupt
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, 79104 Freiburg, Germany and Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jun Xu
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Günter Reiter
- Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, 79104 Freiburg, Germany and Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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33
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In-situ Observation of the Growth of Fibrous and Dendritic Crystals in Quasi-2-dimensional Poly(ethylene oxide) Ultrathin Films. Chin J Chem Eng 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s1004-9541(14)60046-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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34
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Naolou T, Busse K, Lechner BD, Kressler J. The behavior of poly( ε $$ \boldsymbol{\upvarepsilon} $$ -caprolactone) and poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly( ε $$ \boldsymbol{\upvarepsilon} $$ -caprolactone) grafted to a poly(glycerol adipate) backbone at the air/water interface. Colloid Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-014-3168-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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35
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Wang X, Prud’homme RE. Dendritic Crystallization of Poly(l-lactide)/poly(d-lactide) Stereocomplexes in Ultrathin Films. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma4012208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Wang
- Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7 Canada
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36
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Huang S, Li H, Wen H, Yu D, Jiang S, Li G, Chen X, An L. Solvent micro-evaporation and concentration gradient synergistically induced crystallization of poly(l-lactide) and ring banded supra-structures with radial periodic variation of thickness. CrystEngComm 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ce41664j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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37
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Martín-Fabiani I, Siegel J, Riedel S, Boneberg J, Ezquerra TA, Nogales A. Nanostructuring thin polymer films with optical near fields. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:11402-11408. [PMID: 24127989 DOI: 10.1021/am4036543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, we report on the application of optical near fields to nanostructuring of poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT) thin films. By exposure to a single ultraviolet nanosecond laser pulse, the spatial intensity modulation of the near-field distribution created by a silica microsphere is imprinted into the films. Setting different angles of incidence of the laser, elliptical or circular periodic ring patterns can be produced with periods as small as half the laser wavelength used. These highly complex patterns show optical and topographical contrast and can be characterized by optical microscopy (OM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). We demonstrate the key role of the laser wavelength and coherence length in achieving smooth, extended patterns in PTT by using excimer laser (193 nm) and Nd:YAG laser (266 nm) pulses. Reference experiments performed in Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) demonstrate that nanopatterning in PTT is triggered by ablation as opposed to GST, in which nanopatterning originates from laser-induced phase change, accompanied by a small topographical contrast. The experiments presented in this work demonstrate the suitability of optical near fields for structuring polymer films, opening up new possibilities for nanopatterning and paving the way for potential applications where optical near fields and polymer nanostructures are involved.
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38
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Pavan MJ, Shenhar R. Effect of Channel Confinement on the Coarsening Kinetics of Nanoparticles Deposited on Semicrystalline Polymer Templates. Chempluschem 2013; 78:1015-1023. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201300144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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39
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Qiao CD, Jiang SC, Ji XL, An LJ. In situ observation of melting and crystallization behaviors of poly(ɛ-caprolactone) ultra-thin films by AFM technique. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-013-1333-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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40
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Kalloudis M, Glynos E, Pispas S, Walker J, Koutsos V. thin films of poly(isoprene-b-ethylene oxide) diblock copolymers on mica: an atomic force microscopy study. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:2339-2349. [PMID: 23356669 DOI: 10.1021/la400041x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The structural behavior of three amphiphilic semicrystalline poly(isoprene-b-ethylene oxide) block copolymers (PI-b-PEO) with different PEO volume fraction (f(PEO) = 0.32, 0.49, and 0.66), spin-coated on freshly cleaved mica surfaces from aqueous solutions, was investigated by atomic force microscopy. We focus on the dependence of the resulting thin film nanostructures on the molecular characteristics (f(PEO) and molecular weight) and the adsorbed amount. The nanostructures obtained immediately after spin-coating were robust and remained unchanged after annealing and/or aging. The PEO affinity for the highly hydrophilic mica and the tendency of the hydrophobic and low surface energy PI to dewet and be at the free interface caused the soft PI-b-PEO micelles to collapse leading to the formation of 2D dendritic networks over mica. We show that, for all three polymers, the dendritic monolayer thickness can be predicted by a model consisting of a PEO crystallized layer (directly on top of mica) of the same thickness in all cases and a PI brush layer on top. In thicker areas, polymer material self-assembled into conelike multilamellar bilayers on top of the monolayer and oriented parallel to the substrate for both symmetric and asymmetric diblock copolymers with the lowest f(PEO). We compare the lateral morphology of the films and discuss the thickness heterogeneity, which results from the coupling and competition of crystallization kinetics, phase separation, and wetting/dewetting phenomena highlighting the role of the two blocks to inhibit or enhance certain morphologies. We show that the deviation of the f(PEO) = 0.32 thin film from its bulk phase structure (cylinders in hexagonal lattice) continues for several lamellar bilayers away from the substrate. For the asymmetric PI-b-PEO polymer with the higher PEO volume fraction (f(PEO) = 0.66) and higher APT, laterally extensive stacks of flat-on lamellar crystallites formed on the surface demonstrating the crucial role of the PEO crystallization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michail Kalloudis
- Institute for Materials and Processes, School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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41
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Braun HG, Meyer E. Structure Formation of Ultrathin PEO Films at Solid Interfaces—Complex Pattern Formation by Dewetting and Crystallization. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:3254-64. [PMID: 23385233 PMCID: PMC3588042 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14023254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Revised: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The direct contact of ultrathin polymer films with a solid substrate may result in thin film rupture caused by dewetting. With crystallisable polymers such as polyethyleneoxide (PEO), molecular self-assembly into partial ordered lamella structures is studied as an additional source of pattern formation. Morphological features in ultrathin PEO films (thickness < 10 nm) result from an interplay between dewetting patterns and diffusion limited growth pattern of ordered lamella growing within the dewetting areas. Besides structure formation of hydrophilic PEO molecules, n-alkylterminated (hydrophobic) PEO oligomers are investigated with respect to self-organization in ultrathin films. Morphological features characteristic for pure PEO are not changed by the presence of the n-alkylgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Georg Braun
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Strasse 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany.
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42
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Huang S, Li H, Shang Y, Yu D, Li G, Jiang S, Chen X, An L. Chloroform micro-evaporation induced ordered structures of poly(l-lactide) thin films. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra41266k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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43
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Wang M, Gao H, Zha L, Chen EQ, Hu W. Systematic Kinetic Analysis on Monolayer Lamellar Crystal Thickening via Chain-Sliding Diffusion of Polymers. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma301926p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingqiu Wang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Lab of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210093 Nanjing, China
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Chengxian College, Southeast University, 210088 Nanjing, China
| | - Huanhuan Gao
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Lab of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210093 Nanjing, China
| | - Liyun Zha
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Chengxian College, Southeast University, 210088 Nanjing, China
| | - Er-Qiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wenbing Hu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Lab of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210093 Nanjing, China
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44
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Zhou H, Yan S. Can the Structures of Semicrystalline Polymers be Controlled Using Interfacial Crystallographic Interactions? MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201200530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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45
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46
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Asada M, Jiang N, Sendogdular L, Gin P, Wang Y, Endoh MK, Koga T, Fukuto M, Schultz D, Lee M, Li X, Wang J, Kikuchi M, Takahara A. Heterogeneous Lamellar Structures Near the Polymer/Substrate Interface. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma301000z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Asada
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-2275, United States
- Kurashiki Research Center, Kuraray Co., Ltd., 2045-1 Sakazu, Kurashiki, Okayama
710-0801, Japan
| | - N. Jiang
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-2275, United States
| | - L. Sendogdular
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-2275, United States
| | - P. Gin
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-2275, United States
| | - Y. Wang
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-2275, United States
| | - M. K. Endoh
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-2275, United States
| | - T. Koga
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-2275, United States
| | - M. Fukuto
- Condensed
Matter Physics and Materials
Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - D. Schultz
- CARS, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - M. Lee
- CARS, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - X. Li
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439,
United States
| | - J. Wang
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439,
United States
| | - M. Kikuchi
- Japan Science
Technology Agency,
ERATO, Takahara Soft Interfaces, CE80, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - A. Takahara
- Japan Science
Technology Agency,
ERATO, Takahara Soft Interfaces, CE80, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395,
Japan
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47
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Yan D, Huang H, He T. Crystallization and Morphology of Autophobic Dewetted Poly(ε-caprolactone)-b-poly(L-lactide) Diblock Copolymer Ultrathin Films. CHINESE J CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201200501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Kajioka H, Taguchi K, Toda A. Cellular Crystallization in Thin Melt Film of it-Poly(butene-1): An Implication to Spherulitic Growth from Bulk Melt. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma201985h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kajioka
- Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan
| | - Ken Taguchi
- Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan
| | - Akihiko Toda
- Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan
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Guo D, Stolichnov I, Setter N. Thermally Induced Cooperative Molecular Reorientation and Nanoscale Polarization Switching Behaviors of Ultrathin Poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) Films. J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:13455-66. [DOI: 10.1021/jp2061442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Guo
- Ceramics Laboratory, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Igor Stolichnov
- Ceramics Laboratory, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nava Setter
- Ceramics Laboratory, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Yan D, Huang H, He T, Zhang F. Coupling of microphase separation and dewetting in weakly segregated diblock co-polymer ultrathin films. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:11973-11980. [PMID: 21870883 DOI: 10.1021/la202379b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We have studied the coupling behavior of microphase separation and autophobic dewetting in weakly segregated poly(ε-caprolactone)-block-poly(L-lactide) (PCL-b-PLLA) diblock co-polymer ultrathin films on carbon-coated mica substrates. At temperatures higher than the melting point of the PLLA block, the co-polymer forms a lamellar structure in bulk with a long period of L ∼ 20 nm, as determined using small-angle X-ray scattering. The relaxation procedure of ultrathin films with an initial film thickness of h = 10 nm during annealing has been followed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). In the experimental temperature range (100-140 °C), the co-polymer dewets to an ultrathin film of itself at about 5 nm because of the strong attraction of both blocks with the substrate. Moreover, the dewetting velocity increases with decreasing annealing temperatures. This novel dewetting kinetics can be explained by a competition effect of the composition fluctuation driven by the microphase separation with the dominated dewetting process during the early stage of the annealing process. While dewetting dominates the relaxation procedure and leads to the rupture of the ultrathin films, the composition fluctuation induced by the microphase separation attempts to stabilize them because of the matching of h to the long period (h ∼ 1/2L). The temperature dependence of these two processes leads to this novel relaxation kinetics of co-polymer thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
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