1
|
Haupa KA, Joshi PR, Lee Y. Hydrogen‐atom tunneling reactions in solid
para
‐hydrogen and their applications to astrochemistry. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.202200210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Anna Haupa
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan
- Institute of Physical Chemistry Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Prasad Ramesh Joshi
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan
| | - Yuan‐Pern Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan
- Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tseng CY, Wu YJ, Lee YP. Infrared Spectra of 1-Quinolinium (C 9H 7NH +) Cation and Quinolinyl Radicals (C 9H 7NH and 3-, 4-, 7-, and 8-HC 9H 7N) Isolated in Solid para-Hydrogen. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:2361-2372. [PMID: 35414179 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c01330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Large protonated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (H+PAH) and the corresponding nitrogen heterocycles (H+PANH) have been proposed as possible carriers of unidentified infrared (UIR) emission bands from galactic objects. The nitrogen atom in H+PANH is expected to induce a blue shift of the band associated with the CC-stretching mode of H+PAH near 6.3 μm so that their emission bands might agree better with the UIR band near 6.2 μm. We report the IR spectrum of protonated quinoline (1-quinolinium cation, C9H7NH+) and its neutral species (1-quinolinyl radical, C9H7NH) measured upon electron bombardment during the deposition of a mixture of quinoline (C9H7N) and para-hydrogen (p-H2) at 3.2 K, indicating that the protonation and hydrogenation occur mainly at the N atom site. Additional experiments on the irradiation of C9H7N/Cl2/p-H2 matrices at 365 nm to generate Cl atoms, followed by irradiation with IR light to generate H atoms via Cl + H2 (v = 1), were performed to induce the reaction H + C9H7N. This method proved to be efficient for hydrogenation reactions in solid p-H2; we identified, in addition to C9H7NH observed in electron-bombardment experiments, four radicals with hydrogenation at the C-atom site─3-, 4-, 7-, and 8-HC9H7N. Spectral assignments were achieved according to the behavior upon secondary photolysis and a comparison of experimental results with vibrational wavenumbers and IR intensities predicted with the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) method. The observed lines at 1641.4, 1598.4, and 1562.0 cm-1 associated with the CC-stretching mode of C9H7NH+ are blue-shifted from those at 1618.7, 1580.8, 1556.7, and 1510.0 cm-1 of the corresponding protonated naphthalene (C10H9+).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yu-Jong Wu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
McCarver GA, Hinde RJ. High accuracy ab initio potential energy surface for the H 2O-H van der Waals dimer. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:114302. [PMID: 34551529 DOI: 10.1063/5.0060822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A representation of the three-dimensional potential energy surface (PES) of the H2O-H van der Waals dimer is presented. The H2O molecule is treated as a rigid body held at its experimentally determined equilibrium geometry, with the OH bond length set to 1.809 650 34 a0 and the HOH bond angle set to 1.824 044 93 radians. Ab initio calculations are carried out at the coupled-cluster single, double, and perturbative triple level, with scalar relativistic effects included using the second-order Douglas-Kroll-Hess approximation. The ab initio calculations employ the aug-cc-pVnZ-DK series of basis sets (n = D, T, Q), which are recontracted versions of the aug-cc-pVnZ basis sets that are appropriate for relativistic calculations. The counterpoise method is used to reduce the basis set superposition error; in addition, results obtained using the aug-cc-pVTZ-DK and aug-cc-pVQZ-DK basis sets were extrapolated to the complete basis set (CBS) limit. The PES is based on calculations carried out at 1054 symmetry-unique H2O-H geometries for which the distance R between the H-atom and the H2O center of mass ranges from R = 2.5-9.0 Å. The reproduction of the PES along the orientational degrees of freedom was performed using Lebedev quadrature and an expansion in spherical harmonics. The mean absolute error of the reproduced PES is <0.02 cm-1 for R ≥ 3.0 Å and <0.21 cm-1 for R between 2.5 and 3.0 Å. The global minimum for the CBS PES is a coplanar H2O-H geometry, with R = 3.41 Å, in which the angle formed between the H2O C2 symmetry axis and the H-atom is 122.25°; the CBS binding energy for this geometry is 61.297 cm-1. In addition, by utilizing the symmetry of the H2O molecule, the spherical harmonic expansion was simplified with no loss in accuracy and a speedup of ∼1.8 was achieved. The reproduced PES can be used in future molecular dynamics simulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gavin A McCarver
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1600, USA
| | - Robert J Hinde
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1600, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Qian W, Lu B, Tan G, Rauhut G, Grützmacher H, Zeng X. Vibrational spectrum and photochemistry of phosphaketene HPCO. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:19237-19243. [PMID: 34524290 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02860j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The vibrational spectra of the simplest phosphaketene HPCO and its isotopologue DPCO in solid Ar-matrices at 12.0 K have been analyzed with the aid of the computations at the CCSD(T)-F12a/cc-pVTZ-F12 level using configuration-selective vibrational configuration interaction (VCI). In addition to the four IR fundamentals, four overtone and ten combination bands have been unambiguously identified. Furthermore, the photochemistry of HPCO in the matrix has been investigated for the first time. Upon UV-light irradiation (365 or 266 nm), CO-elimination occurs by forming the parent phosphinidene HP that can be trapped by ˙NO to yield the elusive phosphinimine-N-oxyl radical HPNO˙. In contrast, an excimer laser (193 nm) irradiation of HPCO causes additional decomposition to H˙ and ˙PCO with concomitant formation of the long-sought phosphaethyne HOCP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiyu Qian
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, China.
| | - Bo Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, China.
| | - Gengwen Tan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 215123 Suzhou, China.
| | - Guntram Rauhut
- Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | | | - Xiaoqing Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mutunga FM, Olenyik KM, Strom AI, Anderson DT. Hydrogen atom quantum diffusion in solid parahydrogen: The H + N 2O → cis-HNNO → trans-HNNO reaction. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:014302. [PMID: 33412886 DOI: 10.1063/5.0028853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The diffusion and reactivity of hydrogen atoms in solid parahydrogen at temperatures between 1.5 K and 4.3 K are investigated by high-resolution infrared spectroscopy. Hydrogen atoms are produced within solid parahydrogen as the by-products of the 193 nm in situ photolysis of N2O, which induces a two-step tunneling reaction, H + N2O → cis-HNNO → trans-HNNO. The second-order rate constant for the first step to form cis-HNNO is found to be inversely proportional to the N2O concentration after photolysis, indicating that the hydrogen atoms move through solid parahydrogen via quantum diffusion. This reaction only readily occurs at temperatures below 2.8 K, not due to an increased rate constant for the first reaction step at low temperatures but rather due to an increased selectivity to the reaction. The rate constant for the second step of the reaction mechanism involving unimolecular isomerization is shown to be independent of the N2O concentration as expected. The inverse concentration dependence of the rate constant for the reaction step that involves the hydrogen atom demonstrates clearly that quantum diffusion influences the reactivity of the hydrogen atoms in solid parahydrogen, which does not have an analogy in classical reaction kinetics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kelly M Olenyik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, USA
| | - Aaron I Strom
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, USA
| | - David T Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Haupa KA, Strom AI, Anderson DT, Lee YP. Hydrogen-atom tunneling reactions with methyl formate in solid para-hydrogen: Infrared spectra of the methoxy carbonyl [•C(O)OCH3] and formyloxy methyl [HC(O)OCH2•] radicals. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:234302. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5133089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Karolina A. Haupa
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Aaron I. Strom
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071-3838, USA
| | - David T. Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071-3838, USA
| | - Yuan-Pern Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Heard DE. Rapid Acceleration of Hydrogen Atom Abstraction Reactions of OH at Very Low Temperatures through Weakly Bound Complexes and Tunneling. Acc Chem Res 2018; 51:2620-2627. [PMID: 30358991 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A generally accepted principle of chemical kinetics is that a reaction will be very slow at low temperatures if there is an activation barrier on the potential energy surface to form products. However, this Account shows that the reverse is true for gas-phase hydrogen abstraction reactions of the hydroxyl radical, OH, with organic molecules with which it can form a weakly bound (5-30 kJ mol-1) hydrogen-bonded complex. For hydrogen atom abstraction reactions of OH with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) containing alcohol, ether, carbonyl, and ester functional groups, the reaction accelerates rapidly at very low temperatures, with rate coefficients, k, that can be up to a 1000 times faster than those at room temperature, despite the barrier to products. The OH radical is a crucial intermediate in Earth's atmosphere, combustion processes, and the chemistry of the interstellar medium, where temperatures can reach as low as 10 K, so this behavior has very important implications for gas-phase chemistry in space. The key point is that at low temperatures the lifetime of the OH-VOC complex against re-dissociation back to reactants becomes much longer, and hence the probability of quantum mechanical tunneling under the reaction barrier to form products becomes much higher. These observations were made possible by using Laval nozzles to generate uniform supersonic flows at extremely low temperatures so that condensation of the reagents at reactor walls is avoided. In this Account, the use of laser flash-photolysis combined with laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy within Laval flows is described to study the unusual kinetics of this type of reaction at temperatures down to 21 K and demonstrate the rapid upturn in the rate coefficient. For the reaction of OH with CH3OH, further evidence for the precomplex and tunneling mechanism comes from observation of the CH3O reaction product at very low temperatures, despite it being formed over the higher barrier to reaction. The experimental observations are supported by theoretical calculations using the MESMER master equation package to calculate k( T) and product yields as a function of temperature and which make use of potential energy surfaces determined using ab initio methods. The CH3O product is formed over a narrower barrier with a larger imaginary frequency and is calculated to be the sole product at very low temperatures. The kinetics of the OH reaction with CH3OH were measured to be independent of pressure, consistent with a tunneling mechanism rather than any collisional stabilization of the prereactive complex. In this Account, we collate available kinetic data and show that this newly discovered mechanism for H atom transfer reactions appears to be generally applicable for reactions of OH with organic molecules containing oxygenated functional groups, which have been observed in space by radio-astronomy. Rather than being ignored for a range of interstellar environments, these OH reactions are now being included in chemical networks in space and have been shown to significantly influence the abundance of OH, the organic molecules themselves, and reaction products and provide novel routes to forming even more complex functional groups, for example, precursors to prebiotic molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dwayne E. Heard
- School of Chemistry and National Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Balabanoff ME, Ruzi M, Anderson DT. Signatures of a quantum diffusion limited hydrogen atom tunneling reaction. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:422-434. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp05064j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We are studying the details of hydrogen atom (H atom) quantum diffusion in parahydrogen quantum solids in an effort to better understand H atom transport and reactivity under these conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahmut Ruzi
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Wyoming
- Laramie
- USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tsuge M, Tseng CY, Lee YP. Spectroscopy of prospective interstellar ions and radicals isolated in para-hydrogen matrices. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:5344-5358. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp05680j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The p-H2 matrix-isolation technique coupled with photolysis in situ or electron bombardment produces protonated or hydrogenated species important in astrochemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Tsuge
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science
- National Chiao Tung University
- Hsinchu 30010
- Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yu Tseng
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science
- National Chiao Tung University
- Hsinchu 30010
- Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Pern Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science
- National Chiao Tung University
- Hsinchu 30010
- Taiwan
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Oba Y, Watanabe N, Kouchi A. Negative catalytic effect of water on the reactivity of hydrogen abstraction from the C–H bond of dimethyl ether by deuterium atoms through tunneling at low temperatures. Chem Phys Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2016.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
11
|
Kawasaki H, Mizoguchi A, Kanamori H. Alignment of CH3F in para-H2 crystal studied by IR quantum cascade laser polarization spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:184306. [PMID: 27179483 DOI: 10.1063/1.4948633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to investigate the alignment of CH3F in para-H2 crystals, high resolution polarization spectroscopy of the ν3 vibrational band is studied using a quantum cascade laser at 1040 cm(-1). It is found that the main and satellite series of peaks in the ν3 vibrational band of CH3F have the same polarization dependence. This result supports the previously proposed cluster model with ortho-H2 in first and second nearest neighbor sites. The observed polarization dependence function is well described by a simple six-axis void model in which CH3F is not aligned along the c-axis of the crystal but tilted to 64.9(3)° from it.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Kawasaki
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ohokayama 2-12-1, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Asao Mizoguchi
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ohokayama 2-12-1, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Hideto Kanamori
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ohokayama 2-12-1, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ruzi M, Anderson DT. Quantum Diffusion-Controlled Chemistry: Reactions of Atomic Hydrogen with Nitric Oxide in Solid Parahydrogen. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:12270-83. [PMID: 26317154 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b06356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Our group has been working to develop parahydrogen (pH2) matrix isolation spectroscopy as a method to study low-temperature condensed-phase reactions of atomic hydrogen with various reaction partners. Guided by the well-defined studies of cold atom chemistry in rare-gas solids, the special properties of quantum hosts such as solid pH2 afford new opportunities to study the analogous chemical reactions under quantum diffusion conditions in hopes of discovering new types of chemical reaction mechanisms. In this study, we present Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic studies of the 193 nm photoinduced chemistry of nitric oxide (NO) isolated in solid pH2 over the 1.8 to 4.3 K temperature range. Upon short-term in situ irradiation the NO readily undergoes photolysis to yield HNO, NOH, NH, NH3, H2O, and H atoms. We map the postphotolysis reactions of mobile H atoms with NO and document first-order growth in HNO and NOH reaction products for up to 5 h after photolysis. We perform three experiments at 4.3 K and one at 1.8 K to permit the temperature dependence of the reaction kinetics to be quantified. We observe Arrhenius-type behavior with a pre-exponential factor of A = 0.036(2) min(-1) and Ea = 2.39(1) cm(-1). This is in sharp contrast to previous H atom reactions we have studied in solid pH2 that display definitively non-Arrhenius behavior. The contrasting temperature dependence measured for the H + NO reaction is likely related to the details of H atom quantum diffusion in solid pH2 and deserves further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmut Ruzi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wyoming , Laramie, Wyoming 82071, United States
| | - David T Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wyoming , Laramie, Wyoming 82071, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mutunga FM, Anderson DT. Infrared Spectroscopy and 193 nm Photochemistry of Methylamine Isolated in Solid Parahydrogen. J Phys Chem A 2014; 119:2420-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp508476j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fredrick M. Mutunga
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, United States
| | - David T. Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Paulson LO, Mutunga FM, Follett SE, Anderson DT. Reactions of Atomic Hydrogen with Formic Acid and Carbon Monoxide in Solid Parahydrogen I: Anomalous Effect of Temperature. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:7640-52. [DOI: 10.1021/jp502470j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leif O. Paulson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, United States
| | - Fredrick M. Mutunga
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, United States
| | - Shelby E. Follett
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, United States
| | - David T. Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bahou M, Das P, Lee YF, Wu YJ, Lee YP. Infrared spectra of free radicals and protonated species produced in para-hydrogen matrices. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:2200-10. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp54184c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
16
|
Bahou M, Das P, Lee YF, Wu YJ, Lee YP. Infrared spectra of free radicals and protonated species produced in para-hydrogen matrices. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.10.1039/c3cp54184c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|