1
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Wu Y, Sun J, Li Z, Zhang Z, Luo Z, Chang Y, Wu G, Zhang W, Yu S, Yuan K, Yang X. Photodissociation dynamics of SO2 via the G̃1B1 state: The O(1D2) and O(1S0) product channels. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:164311. [PMID: 38661196 DOI: 10.1063/5.0208090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Produced by both nature and human activities, sulfur dioxide (SO2) is an important species in the earth's atmosphere. SO2 has also been found in the atmospheres of other planets and satellites in the solar system. The photoabsorption cross sections and photodissociation of SO2 have been studied for several decades. In this paper, we reported the experimental results for photodissociation dynamics of SO2 via the G̃1B1 state. By analyzing the images from the time-sliced velocity map ion imaging method, the vibrational state population distributions and anisotropy parameters were obtained for the O(1D2) + SO(X3Σ-, a1Δ, b1Σ+) and O(1S0) + SO(X3Σ-) channels, and the branching ratios for the channels O(1D2) + SO(X3Σ-), O(1D2) + SO(a1Δ), and O(1D2) + SO(b1Σ+) were determined to be ∼0.3, ∼0.6, and ∼0.1, respectively. The SO products were dominant in electronically and rovibrationally excited states, which may have yet unrecognized roles in the upper planetary atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dalian Coherent Light Source, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jitao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dalian Coherent Light Source, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhenxing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dalian Coherent Light Source, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zhaoxue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dalian Coherent Light Source, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zijie Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dalian Coherent Light Source, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yao Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dalian Coherent Light Source, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Guorong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dalian Coherent Light Source, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Weiqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dalian Coherent Light Source, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Shengrui Yu
- Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Studies, Zhejiang Normal University, 1108 Gengwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311231, China
| | - Kaijun Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dalian Coherent Light Source, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Xueming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dalian Coherent Light Source, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Advanced Light Source Research, College of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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2
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Isukapalli SVK, Pushparajan P, Vennapusa SR. Rationalizing the Fluorescence Behavior of Core-Substituted Naphthalene Diimides. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:1114-1122. [PMID: 35133819 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c09699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We study the internal conversion (IC) and intersystem crossing (ISC) pathways of low-lying excited electronic states of three core-substituted naphthalene diimides (bNDI, yNDI, and gNDI) using wavepacket simulations within the linear vibronic coupling method. Our wavepacket simulations reproduce the experimental electronic absorption spectra very well. All molecules decay rapidly to S2 upon populating a higher dipole-allowed singlet excited-state. The S2 → S1 IC dynamics and singlet-triplet energy gap, spin-orbit coupling strength trends suggest a favorable S2 → T4 ISC in gNDI. The efficient ultrafast T4 formation and its decay to lower triplet states make gNDI nonfluorescent. Such triplet formation pathways are not operative in both bNDI and yNDI; hence, these molecules emit fluorescence from S1 after a slower S2 → S1 IC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Vamsi Krishna Isukapalli
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala PO, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, 695551, India
| | - Priyanka Pushparajan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala PO, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, 695551, India
| | - Sivaranjana Reddy Vennapusa
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala PO, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, 695551, India
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3
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Mukherjee S, Varganov SA. Intersystem crossing and internal conversion dynamics with GAIMS-TeraChem: Excited state relaxation in 2-cyclopentenone. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:174107. [PMID: 34742200 DOI: 10.1063/5.0068040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Excited states relaxation in complex molecules often involves two types of nonradiative transitions, internal conversion (IC) and intersystem crossing (ISC). In the situations when the timescales of IC and ISC are comparable, an interplay between these two types of transitions can lead to complex nonadiabatic dynamics on multiple electronic states of different characters and spin multiplicities. We demonstrate that the generalized ab initio multiple spawning (GAIMS) method interfaced with the fast graphics processing unit-based TeraChem electronic structure code can be used to model such nonadiabatic dynamics involving both the IC and ISC transitions in molecules of moderate size. We carried out 1500 fs GAIMS simulations leading to the creation of up to 2500 trajectory basis functions to study the excited states relaxation in 2-cyclopentenone. After a vertical excitation from the ground state to the bright S2 state, the molecule quickly relaxes to the S1 state via conical intersection. The following relaxation proceeds along two competing pathways: one involves IC to the ground state, and the other is dominated by ISC to the low-lying triplet states. The time constants describing the population transfer between the six lowest singlet and triplet states predicted by the GAIMS dynamics are in good agreement with the characteristic times of IC and ISC obtained from the analysis of the time-resolved photoelectron spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N. Virginia Street, Reno, Nevada 89557-0216, USA
| | - Sergey A Varganov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N. Virginia Street, Reno, Nevada 89557-0216, USA
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4
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Abstract
In this article, we review nonadiabatic molecular dynamics (NAMD) methods for modeling spin-crossover transitions. First, we discuss different representations of electronic states employed in the grid-based and direct NAMD simulations. The nature of interstate couplings in different representations is highlighted, with the main focus on nonadiabatic and spin-orbit couplings. Second, we describe three NAMD methods that have been used to simulate spin-crossover dynamics, including trajectory surface hopping, ab initio multiple spawning, and multiconfiguration time-dependent Hartree. Some aspects of employing different electronic structure methods to obtain information about potential energy surfaces and interstate couplings for NAMD simulations are also discussed. Third, representative applications of NAMD to spin crossovers in molecular systems of different sizes and complexities are highlighted. Finally, we pose several fundamental questions related to spin-dependent processes. These questions should be possible to address with future methodological developments in NAMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Mukherjee
- Institut de Chimie Radicalaire, CNRS 7273, Aix-Marseille University, 13013 Marseille, France;
| | - Dmitry A Fedorov
- Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA;
| | - Sergey A Varganov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557-0216, USA;
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5
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Heindl M, González L. Validating fewest-switches surface hopping in the presence of laser fields. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:144102. [PMID: 33858152 DOI: 10.1063/5.0044807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The capability of fewest-switches surface hopping (FSSH) to describe non-adiabatic dynamics under explicit excitation with external fields is evaluated. Different FSSH parameters are benchmarked against multi-configurational time dependent Hartree (MCTDH) reference calculations using SO2 and 2-thiocytosine as model, yet realistic, molecular systems. Qualitatively, FSSH is able to reproduce the trends in the MCTDH dynamics with (also without) an explicit external field; however, no set of FSSH parameters is ideal. The adequate treatment of the overcoherence in FSSH is revealed as the driving factor to improve the description of the excitation process with respect to the MCTDH reference. Here, two corrections were tested: the augmented-FSSH (AFSSH) correction and the energy-based decoherence correction. A dependence on the employed basis is detected in AFSSH, performing better when spin-orbit and external laser field couplings are treated as off-diagonal elements instead of projecting them onto the diagonal of the Hamilton operator. In the presence of an electric field, the excited state dynamics was found to depend strongly on the vector used to rescale the kinetic energy along after a transition between surfaces. For SO2, recurrence of the excited wave packet throughout the duration of the applied laser pulse is observed for laser pulses (>100 fs), resulting in additional interferences missed by FSSH and only visible in variational multi-configurational Gaussian when utilizing a large number of Gaussian basis functions. This feature vanishes when going toward larger molecules, such as 2-thiocytosine, where this effect is barely visible in a laser pulse 200 fs long.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Heindl
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstr. 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Leticia González
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstr. 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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6
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Menger MFS, Ehrmaier J, Faraji S. PySurf: A Framework for Database Accelerated Direct Dynamics. J Chem Theory Comput 2020; 16:7681-7689. [PMID: 33231447 PMCID: PMC7726901 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.0c00825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The greatest restriction to the theoretical study of the dynamics of photoinduced processes is computationally expensive electronic structure calculations. Machine learning algorithms have the potential to reduce the number of these computations significantly. Here, PySurf is introduced as an innovative code framework, which is specifically designed for rapid prototyping and development tasks for data science applications in computational chemistry. It comes with powerful Plugin and Workflow engines, which allows intuitive customization for individual tasks. Data is automatically stored through the database framework, which enables additional interpolation of properties in previously evaluated regions of the conformational space. To illustrate the potential of the framework, a code for nonadiabatic surface hopping simulations based on the Landau-Zener algorithm is presented here. Deriving gradients from the interpolated potential energy surfaces allows for full-dimensional nonadiabatic surface hopping simulations using only adiabatic energies (energy only). Simulations of a pyrazine model and ab initio-based calculations of the SO2 molecule show that energy-only calculations with PySurf are able to correctly predict the nonadiabatic dynamics of these prototype systems. The results reveal the degree of sophistication, which can be achieved by the database accelerated energy-only surface hopping simulations being competitive to commonly used semiclassical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian F. S.
J. Menger
- Zernike Institute
for Advanced
Materials, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes Ehrmaier
- Zernike Institute
for Advanced
Materials, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Shirin Faraji
- Zernike Institute
for Advanced
Materials, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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7
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Guan Y, Xie C, Guo H, Yarkony DR. Neural Network Based Quasi-diabatic Representation for S0 and S1 States of Formaldehyde. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:10132-10142. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c08948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yafu Guan
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Changjian Xie
- Institute of Modern Physics, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710069, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - David R. Yarkony
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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8
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Richings GW, Habershon S. Direct Grid-Based Nonadiabatic Dynamics on Machine-Learned Potential Energy Surfaces: Application to Spin-Forbidden Processes. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:9299-9313. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c06125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gareth W. Richings
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Scott Habershon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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9
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Saito K, Watabe Y, Miyazaki T, Takayanagi T, Hasegawa JY. Spin-inversion mechanisms in O 2 binding to a model heme compound: A perspective from nonadiabatic wave packet calculations. J Comput Chem 2020; 41:2527-2537. [PMID: 32841410 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Spin-inversion dynamics in O2 binding to a model heme complex, which consisted of Fe(II)-porphyrin and imidazole, were studied using nonadiabatic wave packet dynamics calculations. We considered three active nuclear degrees of freedom in the dynamics, including the motions along the Fe-O distance, Fe-O-O angle, and Fe out-of-plane distance. Spin-free potential energy surfaces for the singlet, triplet, quintet, and septet states were developed using density functional theory calculations, and spin-orbit coupling elements were obtained from CASSCF-level electronic structure calculations. The spin-inversion mainly occurred between the singlet state and one of the triplet states due to large spin-orbit couplings and the contributions of other states were extremely small. The present quantum dynamics calculations suggested that the narrow crossing region model plays a dominant role in the O2 binding dynamics. In addition, the one-dimensional Landau-Zener model underestimated the nonadiabatic transition probability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Saito
- Department of Chemistry, Saitama University, Saitama City, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yuya Watabe
- Department of Chemistry, Saitama University, Saitama City, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takaaki Miyazaki
- Department of Chemistry, Saitama University, Saitama City, Saitama, Japan
| | | | - Jun-Ya Hasegawa
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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10
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Guan Y, Yarkony DR. Accurate Neural Network Representation of the Ab Initio Determined Spin-Orbit Interaction in the Diabatic Representation Including the Effects of Conical Intersections. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:1848-1858. [PMID: 32062966 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A method for fitting ab initio determined spin-orbit coupling interactions, in the Breit-Pauli approximation, based on quasidiabatic representations using neural network fits is reported. The algorithm generalizes our recently reported neural network approach for representing the dipole interaction. The S0, S1, and T1 states of formaldehyde are used as an example. First, the two singlet states S0 and S1 are diabatized with a modified Boys Localization diabatization method. Second, the spin-orbit coupling between singlet and triplet states is transformed to the diabatic representation. This removes the discontinuities in the adiabatic representation. The diabatized spin-orbit couplings are then fit with smooth neural network functions. The analytic representation of spin-orbit coupling interactions in a diabatic basis by neural networks will make accurate full-dimensional quantum dynamical treatment of both internal conversion and intersystem crossing possible, which will help us to gain better understanding of both processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafu Guan
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - David R Yarkony
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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11
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van Veenendaal M. Dissipation and dynamics in ultrafast intersystem crossings. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:024104. [PMID: 31941326 DOI: 10.1063/1.5125005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of dynamics and dissipation on ultrafast intersystem crossings are studied for a dissipative two-level system coupled to a local vibronic mode. A method of amplitude damping of the wave packet is presented that accounts better for the position of the wave packet and avoids spurious transitions between potential wells. It is demonstrated that Fermi's golden rule, the typical semiquantitative approach to extract population transfer rates from potential landscapes, only holds under limited conditions. Generally, the effects of dynamics and dissipation lead to deviations from the expected exponential population transfer, strong changes in transfer times and total population transfer, and significant recurrence or "spill back" of the wave packet.
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12
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Kumar P, Kłos J, Poirier B, Alexander MH, Guo H. Accurate characterization of the lowest triplet potential energy surface of SO 2 with a coupled cluster method. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:144303. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5088959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Kumar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA
| | - Jacek Kłos
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Bill Poirier
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA
| | - Millard H. Alexander
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
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13
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Anglada JM, Martins-Costa MTC, Francisco JS, Ruiz-López MF. Triplet state promoted reaction of SO2 with H2O by competition between proton coupled electron transfer (pcet) and hydrogen atom transfer (hat) processes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:9779-9784. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp01105f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The excited triplet electronic state of SO2 (a3B1) reacts with water through a proton coupled electron transfer (pcet) mechanism rather than via a conventional hydrogen atom transfer (hat) process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep M. Anglada
- Departament de Química Biològica (IQAC – CSIC)
- E-08034 Barcelona
- Spain
| | - Marilia T. C. Martins-Costa
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoriques
- UMR CNRS 7019
- University of Lorraine
- CNRS
- 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy
| | - Joseph S. Francisco
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science and Department of Chemistry
- University of Pennsylvania
- Philadelphia
- USA
| | - Manuel F. Ruiz-López
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoriques
- UMR CNRS 7019
- University of Lorraine
- CNRS
- 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy
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14
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Plasser F, Gómez S, Menger MFSJ, Mai S, González L. Highly efficient surface hopping dynamics using a linear vibronic coupling model. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 21:57-69. [PMID: 30306987 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp05662e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We report an implementation of the linear vibronic coupling (LVC) model within the surface hopping dynamics approach and present utilities for parameterizing this model in a blackbox fashion. This results in an extremely efficient method to obtain qualitative and even semi-quantitative information about the photodynamical behavior of a molecule, and provides a new route toward benchmarking the results of surface hopping computations. The merits and applicability of the method are demonstrated in a number of applications. First, the method is applied to the SO2 molecule showing that it is possible to compute its absorption spectrum beyond the Condon approximation, and that all the main features and timescales of previous on-the-fly dynamics simulations of intersystem crossing are reproduced while reducing the computational effort by three orders of magnitude. The dynamics results are benchmarked against exact wavepacket propagations on the same LVC potentials and against a variation of the electronic structure level. Four additional test cases are presented to exemplify the broader applicability of the model. The photodynamics of the isomeric adenine and 2-aminopurine molecules are studied and it is shown that the LVC model correctly predicts ultrafast decay in the former and an extended excited-state lifetime in the latter. Futhermore, the method correctly predicts ultrafast intersystem crossing in the modified nucleobase 2-thiocytosine and its absence in 5-azacytosine while it fails to describe the ultrafast internal conversion to the ground state in the latter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Plasser
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK.
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15
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Mai S, Marquetand P, González L. Nonadiabatic dynamics: The SHARC approach. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2018; 8:e1370. [PMID: 30450129 PMCID: PMC6220962 DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We review the Surface Hopping including ARbitrary Couplings (SHARC) approach for excited-state nonadiabatic dynamics simulations. As a generalization of the popular surface hopping method, SHARC allows simulating the full-dimensional dynamics of molecules including any type of coupling terms beyond nonadiabatic couplings. Examples of these arbitrary couplings include spin-orbit couplings or dipole moment-laser field couplings, such that SHARC can describe ultrafast internal conversion, intersystem crossing, and radiative processes. The key step of the SHARC approach consists of a diagonalization of the Hamiltonian including these couplings, such that the nuclear dynamics is carried out on potential energy surfaces including the effects of the couplings-this is critical in any applications considering, for example, transition metal complexes or strong laser fields. We also give an overview over the new SHARC2.0 dynamics software package, released under the GNU General Public License, which implements the SHARC approach and several analysis tools. The review closes with a brief survey of applications where SHARC was employed to study the nonadiabatic dynamics of a wide range of molecular systems. This article is categorized under: Theoretical and Physical Chemistry > Reaction Dynamics and KineticsSoftware > Simulation MethodsSoftware > Quantum Chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Mai
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Philipp Marquetand
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Leticia González
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry University of Vienna Vienna Austria
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16
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Penfold TJ, Gindensperger E, Daniel C, Marian CM. Spin-Vibronic Mechanism for Intersystem Crossing. Chem Rev 2018; 118:6975-7025. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 401] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. Penfold
- Chemistry - School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon-Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Etienne Gindensperger
- Laboratoire de Chimie Quantique, Institut de Chimie UMR-7177, CNRS - Université de Strasbourg, 1 Rue Blaise Pascal 67008 Strasbourg, France
| | - Chantal Daniel
- Laboratoire de Chimie Quantique, Institut de Chimie UMR-7177, CNRS - Université de Strasbourg, 1 Rue Blaise Pascal 67008 Strasbourg, France
| | - Christel M. Marian
- Institut für Theoretische Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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17
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Svoboda V, Ram NB, Rajeev R, Wörner HJ. Time-resolved photoelectron imaging with a femtosecond vacuum-ultraviolet light source: Dynamics in the A∼/B∼- and F∼-bands of SO 2. J Chem Phys 2017; 146:084301. [PMID: 28249458 DOI: 10.1063/1.4976552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Time-resolved photoelectron imaging is demonstrated using the third harmonic of a 400-nm femtosecond laser pulse as the ionization source. The resulting 133-nm pulses are combined with 266-nm pulses to study the excited-state dynamics in the A∼/B∼- and F∼-band regions of SO2. The photoelectron signal from the molecules excited to the A∼/B∼-band does not decay for at least several picoseconds, reflecting the population of bound states. The temporal variation of the photoelectron angular distribution (PAD) reflects the creation of a rotational wave packet in the excited state. In contrast, the photoelectron signal from molecules excited to the F∼-band decays with a time constant of 80 fs. This time constant is attributed to the motion of the excited-state wave packet out of the ionization window. The observed time-dependent PADs are consistent with the F∼ band corresponding to a Rydberg state of dominant s character. These results establish low-order harmonic generation as a promising tool for time-resolved photoelectron imaging of the excited-state dynamics of molecules, simultaneously giving access to low-lying electronic states, as well as Rydberg states, and avoiding the ionization of unexcited molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vít Svoboda
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Niraghatam Bhargava Ram
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rajendran Rajeev
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hans Jakob Wörner
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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Zeidabadinejad L, Dehestani M. Effects of Displacement–Distortion of Potential Energy Surfaces on Nonadiabatic Electron Transfers via Conical Intersections: Application to SO 2 and trans-1,3,5-Hexatriene. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:4431-46. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b01849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leila Zeidabadinejad
- Department of Chemistry, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Pajoohesh Sq., Kerman, 76169-14111 Iran,
P.O. Box: 76169-133
| | - Maryam Dehestani
- Department of Chemistry, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Pajoohesh Sq., Kerman, 76169-14111 Iran,
P.O. Box: 76169-133
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19
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Nikoobakht B, Köppel H. Quantum dynamics study of singlet–triplet transitions in s-trans-1,3-butadiene. Chem Phys Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2016.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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20
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Fedorov DA, Pruitt SR, Keipert K, Gordon MS, Varganov SA. Ab Initio Multiple Spawning Method for Intersystem Crossing Dynamics: Spin-Forbidden Transitions between 3B1 and 1A1 States of GeH2. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:2911-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b01406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry A. Fedorov
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 North Virginia Street, Reno, Nevada 89557-0216, United States
| | - Spencer R. Pruitt
- Argonne
Leadership Computing Facility, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South
Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Kristopher Keipert
- Ames
Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50010, United States
| | - Mark S. Gordon
- Ames
Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50010, United States
| | - Sergey A. Varganov
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 North Virginia Street, Reno, Nevada 89557-0216, United States
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21
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22
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Wilkinson I, Boguslavskiy AE, Mikosch J, Bertrand JB, Wörner HJ, Villeneuve DM, Spanner M, Patchkovskii S, Stolow A. Excited state dynamics in SO2. I. Bound state relaxation studied by time-resolved photoelectron-photoion coincidence spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2015; 140:204301. [PMID: 24880274 DOI: 10.1063/1.4875035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The excited state dynamics of isolated sulfur dioxide molecules have been investigated using the time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy and time-resolved photoelectron-photoion coincidence techniques. Excited state wavepackets were prepared in the spectroscopically complex, electronically mixed (B̃)(1)B1/(Ã)(1)A2, Clements manifold following broadband excitation at a range of photon energies between 4.03 eV and 4.28 eV (308 nm and 290 nm, respectively). The resulting wavepacket dynamics were monitored using a multiphoton ionisation probe. The extensive literature associated with the Clements bands has been summarised and a detailed time domain description of the ultrafast relaxation pathways occurring from the optically bright (B̃)(1)B1 diabatic state is presented. Signatures of the oscillatory motion on the (B̃)(1)B1/(Ã)(1)A2 lower adiabatic surface responsible for the Clements band structure were observed. The recorded spectra also indicate that a component of the excited state wavepacket undergoes intersystem crossing from the Clements manifold to the underlying triplet states on a sub-picosecond time scale. Photoelectron signal growth time constants have been predominantly associated with intersystem crossing to the (c̃)(3)B2 state and were measured to vary between 750 and 150 fs over the implemented pump photon energy range. Additionally, pump beam intensity studies were performed. These experiments highlighted parallel relaxation processes that occurred at the one- and two-pump-photon levels of excitation on similar time scales, obscuring the Clements band dynamics when high pump beam intensities were implemented. Hence, the Clements band dynamics may be difficult to disentangle from higher order processes when ultrashort laser pulses and less-differential probe techniques are implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain Wilkinson
- National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A OR6, Canada
| | - Andrey E Boguslavskiy
- National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A OR6, Canada
| | - Jochen Mikosch
- National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A OR6, Canada
| | - Julien B Bertrand
- National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A OR6, Canada
| | - Hans Jakob Wörner
- National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A OR6, Canada
| | - David M Villeneuve
- National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A OR6, Canada
| | - Michael Spanner
- National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A OR6, Canada
| | - Serguei Patchkovskii
- National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A OR6, Canada
| | - Albert Stolow
- National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A OR6, Canada
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23
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Richter M, Mai S, Marquetand P, González L. Ultrafast intersystem crossing dynamics in uracil unravelled by ab initio molecular dynamics. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:24423-36. [PMID: 25301389 PMCID: PMC4391640 DOI: 10.1039/c4cp04158e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations have been performed in order to investigate the relaxation dynamics of uracil after UV excitation in gas phase. Intersystem crossing (ISC) has been included for the first time into time-dependent simulations of uracil, allowing the system to relax in the singlet as well as in the triplet states. The results show a qualitatively different picture than similar simulations that include singlet states only. The inclusion of ISC effectively quenches the relaxation to the singlet ground state and instead privileges transitions from the low-lying nπ* state (S1) to a ππ* triplet state (T2) followed by rapid internal conversion to the lowest triplet state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Richter
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry , Währinger Str. 17 , 1090 Vienna , Austria .
| | - Sebastian Mai
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry , Währinger Str. 17 , 1090 Vienna , Austria .
| | - Philipp Marquetand
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry , Währinger Str. 17 , 1090 Vienna , Austria .
| | - Leticia González
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry , Währinger Str. 17 , 1090 Vienna , Austria .
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24
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Direct observation of spin-forbidden transitions through the use of suitably polarized light. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4126. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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25
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Mai S, Marquetand P, González L. Non-adiabatic and intersystem crossing dynamics in SO2. II. The role of triplet states in the bound state dynamics studied by surface-hopping simulations. J Chem Phys 2014; 140:204302. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4875036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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26
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Lévêque C, Köppel H, Taïeb R. Excited state dynamics in SO2. III. An ab initio quantum study of single- and multi-photon ionization. J Chem Phys 2014; 140:204303. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4875037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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