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Yang S, Hu S. Perspectives on endoscopic functional photoacoustic microscopy. APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS 2024; 125:030502. [PMID: 39022117 PMCID: PMC11251735 DOI: 10.1063/5.0201691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Endoscopy, enabling high-resolution imaging of deep tissues and internal organs, plays an important role in basic research and clinical practice. Recent advances in photoacoustic microscopy (PAM), demonstrating excellent capabilities in high-resolution functional imaging, have sparked significant interest in its integration into the field of endoscopy. However, there are challenges in achieving functional PAM in the endoscopic setting. This Perspective article discusses current progress in the development of endoscopic PAM and the challenges related to functional measurements. Then, it points out potential directions to advance endoscopic PAM for functional imaging by leveraging fiber optics, microfabrication, optical engineering, and computational approaches. Finally, it highlights emerging opportunities for functional endoscopic PAM in basic and translational biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - Song Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
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2
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Hammelef E, Rapuano CJ, Benedetto DA, Syed ZA, Myers JS, Razeghinejad MR, Silver FH, Pulido JS. New forays into measurement of ocular biomechanics. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2024; 35:225-231. [PMID: 38484223 DOI: 10.1097/icu.0000000000001032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The field of corneal biomechanics has rapidly progressed in recent years, reflecting technological advances and an increased understanding of the clinical significance of measuring these properties. This review will evaluate in-vivo biomechanical properties obtained by current technologies and compare them regarding their relevance to established biomechanical properties obtained by gold-standard ex-vivo techniques normally conducted on elastic materials. RECENT FINDINGS Several new technologies have appeared in recent years, including vibrational optical coherence tomography (VOCT) and the corneal indentation device (CID). These techniques provide promising new opportunities for minimally invasive and accurate measurements of corneal viscoelastic properties. SUMMARY Alterations in corneal biomechanics are known to occur in several corneal degenerative diseases and after refractive surgical procedures. The measurement of corneal biomechanical properties has the capability to diagnose early disease and monitor corneal disease progression. Several new technologies have emerged in recent years, allowing for more accurate and less invasive measurements of corneal biomechanical properties, most notably the elastic modulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Hammelef
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University at Thomas Jefferson University
| | - Christopher J Rapuano
- Wills Eye Hospital, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Dominick A Benedetto
- Center for Advanced Eye Care, Vero Beach, Florida
- OptoVibronex, LLC, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
| | - Zeba A Syed
- Wills Eye Hospital, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jonathan S Myers
- Wills Eye Hospital, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - M Reza Razeghinejad
- Wills Eye Hospital, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Fred H Silver
- OptoVibronex, LLC, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jose S Pulido
- Wills Eye Hospital, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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3
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Mekonnen T, Zevallos-Delgado C, Singh M, Aglyamov SR, Larin KV. Multifocal acoustic radiation force-based reverberant optical coherence elastography for evaluation of ocular globe biomechanical properties. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2023; 28:095001. [PMID: 37701876 PMCID: PMC10494982 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.28.9.095001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Significance Quantifying the biomechanical properties of the whole eye globe can provide a comprehensive understanding of the interactions among interconnected ocular components during dynamic physiological processes. By doing so, clinicians and researchers can gain valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying ocular diseases, such as glaucoma, and design interventions tailored to each patient's unique needs. Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of a multifocal acoustic radiation force (ARF) based reverberant optical coherence elastography (RevOCE) technique for quantifying shear wave speeds in different ocular components simultaneously. Approach We implemented a multifocal ARF technique to generate reverberant shear wave fields, which were then detected using phase-sensitive optical coherence tomography. A 3D-printed acoustic lens array was employed to manipulate a collimated ARF beam generated by an ultrasound transducer, producing multiple focused ARF beams on mouse eye globes ex vivo. RevOCE measurements were conducted using an excitation pulse train consisting of 10 cycles at 3 kHz, followed by data processing to produce a volumetric map of the shear wave speed. Results The results show that the system can successfully generate reverberant shear wave fields in the eye globe, allowing for simultaneous estimation of shear wave speeds in various ocular components, including cornea, iris, lens, sclera, and retina. A comparative analysis revealed notable differences in wave speeds between different parts of the eye, for example, between the apical region of the cornea and the pupillary zone of the iris (p = 0.003 ). Moreover, the study also revealed regional variations in the biomechanical properties of ocular components as evidenced by greater wave speeds near the apex of the cornea compared to its periphery. Conclusions The study demonstrated the effectiveness of RevOCE based on a non-invasive multifocal ARF for assessing the biomechanical properties of the whole eyeball. The findings indicate the potential to provide a comprehensive understanding of the mechanical behavior of the whole eye, which could lead to improved diagnosis and treatment of ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taye Mekonnen
- University of Houston, Department of Biomedical Engineering Houston, Texas, United States
| | | | - Manmohan Singh
- University of Houston, Department of Biomedical Engineering Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Salavat R. Aglyamov
- University of Houston, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Kirill V. Larin
- University of Houston, Department of Biomedical Engineering Houston, Texas, United States
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4
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Zhu Y, Zhao Y, Shi J, Gomez Alvarez-Arenas TE, Yang H, Cai H, Zhang D, He X, Wu X. Novel acoustic radiation force optical coherence elastography based on ultrasmall ultrasound transducer for biomechanics evaluation of in vivo cornea. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2023:e202300074. [PMID: 37101410 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We developed a novel acoustic radiation force optical coherence elastography (ARF-OCE) based on an ultrasmall ultrasound transducer for quantitative biomechanics evaluations of in vivo cornea. A custom single-sided meta-ultrasonic transducer with an outer diameter of 1.8 mm, focal spot diameter of 1.6 mm, central frequency of 930 kHz, and focal length of 0.8 mm was applied to excite the sample. The sample arm of the ARF-OCE system employed a three-dimensional printed holder that allowed for ultrasound excitation and ARF-OCE detection. The phase-resolved algorithm was combined with a Lamb wave model to depth-resolved evaluate corneal biomechanics after keratoconus and cross-linking treatments (CXL). The results showed that, compare to the healthy cornea, the Lamb wave velocity was significantly reduced in the keratoconus, increased in the cornea after CXL, and increased with cross-linked irradiation energy in the cornea. These results indicated the good clinical translation potential of the proposed novel ARF-OCE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yirui Zhu
- School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- School of Testing and Opto-Electric Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yanzhi Zhao
- School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jiulin Shi
- School of Testing and Opto-Electric Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, China
| | - Tomas E Gomez Alvarez-Arenas
- Ultrasonic and Sensors Technologies Department, Information and Physical Technologies Institute, Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hongwei Yang
- School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hongling Cai
- School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xingdao He
- School of Testing and Opto-Electric Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaoshan Wu
- School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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5
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Leartprapun N, Adie SG. Recent advances in optical elastography and emerging opportunities in the basic sciences and translational medicine [Invited]. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:208-248. [PMID: 36698669 PMCID: PMC9842001 DOI: 10.1364/boe.468932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Optical elastography offers a rich body of imaging capabilities that can serve as a bridge between organ-level medical elastography and single-molecule biophysics. We review the methodologies and recent developments in optical coherence elastography, Brillouin microscopy, optical microrheology, and photoacoustic elastography. With an outlook toward maximizing the basic science and translational clinical impact of optical elastography technologies, we discuss potential ways that these techniques can integrate not only with each other, but also with supporting technologies and capabilities in other biomedical fields. By embracing cross-modality and cross-disciplinary interactions with these parallel fields, optical elastography can greatly increase its potential to drive new discoveries in the biomedical sciences as well as the development of novel biomechanics-based clinical diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichaluk Leartprapun
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
- Present affiliation: Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Steven G. Adie
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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Ren D, Li C, Shi J, Chen R. A Review of High-Frequency Ultrasonic Transducers for Photoacoustic Imaging Applications. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2022; 69:1848-1858. [PMID: 34941509 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2021.3138158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is a new and rapidly growing hybrid biomedical imaging modality that combines the virtues of both optical and ultrasonic (US) imaging. The nature of the interaction between light and ultrasound waves allows PAI to make good use of the rich contrast produced by optics while retaining the imaging depths in US imaging. High-frequency US transducers are an important part of the PAI systems, used to detect the high-frequency and broad-bandwidth photoacoustic signals excited by the target tissues irradiated by short laser pulses. Advancement in high-frequency US transducer technology has influenced the boost of PAI to broad applications. Here, we present a review on high-frequency US transducer technologies for PAI applications, including advanced piezoelectric materials and representative transducers. In addition, we discuss the new challenges and directions facing the development of high-frequency US transducers for PAI applications.
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7
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Ferrara M, Lugano G, Sandinha MT, Kearns VR, Geraghty B, Steel DHW. Biomechanical properties of retina and choroid: a comprehensive review of techniques and translational relevance. Eye (Lond) 2021; 35:1818-1832. [PMID: 33649576 PMCID: PMC8225810 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-021-01437-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Studying the biomechanical properties of biological tissue is crucial to improve our understanding of disease pathogenesis. The biomechanical characteristics of the cornea, sclera and the optic nerve head have been well addressed with an extensive literature and an in-depth understanding of their significance whilst, in comparison, knowledge of the retina and choroid is relatively limited. Knowledge of these tissues is important not only to clarify the underlying pathogenesis of a wide variety of retinal and vitreoretinal diseases, including age-related macular degeneration, hereditary retinal dystrophies and vitreoretinal interface diseases but also to optimise the surgical handling of retinal tissues and, potentially, the design and properties of implantable retinal prostheses and subretinal therapies. Our aim with this article is to comprehensively review existing knowledge of the biomechanical properties of retina, internal limiting membrane (ILM) and the Bruch’s membrane–choroidal complex (BMCC), highlighting the potential implications for clinical and surgical practice. Prior to this we review the testing methodologies that have been used both in vitro, and those starting to be used in vivo to aid understanding of their results and significance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gaia Lugano
- Department of Eye and Vision Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Victoria R Kearns
- Department of Eye and Vision Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Brendan Geraghty
- Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
| | - David H W Steel
- Sunderland Eye Infirmary, Sunderland, UK. .,Bioscience Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.
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8
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Lim HG, Kim H, Kim K, Park J, Kim Y, Yoo J, Heo D, Baik J, Park SM, Kim HH. Thermal Ablation and High-Resolution Imaging Using a Back-to-Back (BTB) Dual-Mode Ultrasonic Transducer: In Vivo Results. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:1580. [PMID: 33668260 PMCID: PMC7956793 DOI: 10.3390/s21051580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We present a back-to-back (BTB) structured, dual-mode ultrasonic device that incorporates a single-element 5.3 MHz transducer for high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) treatment and a single-element 20.0 MHz transducer for high-resolution ultrasound imaging. Ultrasound image-guided surgical systems have been developed for lesion monitoring to ensure that ultrasonic treatment is correctly administered at the right locations. In this study, we developed a dual-element transducer composed of two elements that share the same housing but work independently with a BTB structure, enabling a mode change between therapy and imaging via 180-degree mechanical rotation. The optic fibers were embedded in the HIFU focal region of ex vivo chicken breasts and the temperature change was measured. Images were obtained in vivo mice before and after treatment and compared to identify the treated region. We successfully acquired B-mode and C-scan images that display the hyperechoic region indicating coagulation necrosis in the HIFU-treated volume up to a depth of 10 mm. The compact BTB dual-mode ultrasonic transducer may be used for subcutaneous thermal ablation and monitoring, minimally invasive surgery, and other clinical applications, all with ultrasound only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Gyun Lim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea;
| | - Hyunhee Kim
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea; (H.K.); (J.P.); (J.Y.)
| | - Kyungmin Kim
- Department of Convergence IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea; (K.K.); (Y.K.); (J.B.); (S.-M.P.)
| | - Jeongwoo Park
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea; (H.K.); (J.P.); (J.Y.)
| | - Yeonggeun Kim
- Department of Convergence IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea; (K.K.); (Y.K.); (J.B.); (S.-M.P.)
| | - Jinhee Yoo
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea; (H.K.); (J.P.); (J.Y.)
| | - Dasom Heo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea;
| | - Jinhwan Baik
- Department of Convergence IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea; (K.K.); (Y.K.); (J.B.); (S.-M.P.)
| | - Sung-Min Park
- Department of Convergence IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea; (K.K.); (Y.K.); (J.B.); (S.-M.P.)
| | - Hyung Ham Kim
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea; (H.K.); (J.P.); (J.Y.)
- Department of Convergence IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea; (K.K.); (Y.K.); (J.B.); (S.-M.P.)
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
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9
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Zhu Y, Zhang Y, Shi G, Xue Q, Han X, Ai S, Shi J, Xie C, He X. Quantification of iris elasticity using acoustic radiation force optical coherence elastography. APPLIED OPTICS 2020; 59:10739-10745. [PMID: 33361893 DOI: 10.1364/ao.406190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Careful quantification of the changes in biomechanical properties of the iris can offer insight into the pathophysiology of some ocular diseases. However, to date there has not been much information available regarding this subject because clinical detection for iris elasticity remains challenging. To overcome this limitation, we explore, for the first time to our knowledge, the potential of measuring iris elasticity using acoustic radiation force optical coherence elastography (ARF-OCE). The resulting images and shear wave propagation, as well as the corresponding shear modulus and Young's modulus from ex vivo and in vivo rabbit models confirmed the feasibility of this method. With features of noninvasive imaging, micrometer-scale resolution, high acquisition speed and real-time processing, ARF-OCE is a promising method for reconstruction of iris elasticity and may have great potential to be applied in clinical ophthalmology with further refinement.
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10
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Jiao S. Biomedical optical imaging technology and applications: From basic research toward clinical diagnosis. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2020; 245:269-272. [PMID: 32141780 DOI: 10.1177/1535370220909543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shuliang Jiao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33174, USA
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11
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Li Y, Chen J, Chen Z. Multimodal intravascular imaging technology for characterization of atherosclerosis. JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE OPTICAL HEALTH SCIENCES 2020; 13:2030001. [PMID: 32308744 PMCID: PMC7164814 DOI: 10.1142/s1793545820300013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Early detection of vulnerable plaques is the critical step in the prevention of acute coronary events. Morphology, composition, and mechanical property of a coronary artery have been demonstrated to be the key characteristics for the identification of vulnerable plaques. Several intravascular multimodal imaging technologies providing co-registered simultaneous images have been developed and applied in clinical studies to improve the characterization of atherosclerosis. In this paper, the authors review the present system and probe designs of representative intravascular multimodal techniques. In addition, the scientific innovations, potential limitations, and future directions of these technologies are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine 1002 Health Sciences Road, Irvine, CA 92617 USA
| | - Jason Chen
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine 1002 Health Sciences Road, Irvine, CA 92617 USA
| | - Zhongping Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2700 USA
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12
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Li Y, Chen J, Chen Z. Advances in Doppler optical coherence tomography and angiography. TRANSLATIONAL BIOPHOTONICS 2019; 1:e201900005. [PMID: 33005888 PMCID: PMC7523705 DOI: 10.1002/tbio.201900005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the first demonstration of Doppler optical coherence tomography (OCT) in 1997, several functional extensions of Doppler OCT have been developed, including velocimetry, angiogram, and optical coherence elastography. These functional techniques have been widely used in research and clinical applications, particularly in ophthalmology. Here, we review the principles, representative methods, and applications of different Doppler OCT techniques, followed by discussion on the innovations, limitations, and future directions of each of these techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, California
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Jason Chen
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, California
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Zhongping Chen
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, California
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California
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13
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Leartprapun N, Iyer RR, Mackey CD, Adie SG. Spatial localization of mechanical excitation affects spatial resolution, contrast, and contrast-to-noise ratio in acoustic radiation force optical coherence elastography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 10:5877-5904. [PMID: 31799053 PMCID: PMC6865116 DOI: 10.1364/boe.10.005877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The notion that a spatially confined mechanical excitation would produce an elastogram with high spatial resolution has motivated the development of various elastography techniques with localized mechanical excitation. However, a quantitative investigation of the effects of spatial localization of mechanical excitation on the spatial resolution of elastograms is still lacking in optical coherence elastography (OCE). Here, we experimentally investigated the effect of spatial localization of acoustic radiation force (ARF) excitation on spatial resolution, contrast, and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of dynamic uniaxial strain elastograms in dynamic ARF-OCE, based on a framework for analyzing the factors that influence the quality of the elastogram at different stages of the elastography workflow. Our results show that localized ARF excitation with a smaller acoustic focal spot size produced a strain elastogram with superior spatial resolution, contrast, and CNR. Our results also suggest that the spatial extent spanned by the displacement response in the sample may connect between the spatial localization of the mechanical excitation and the resulting elastogram quality. The elastography framework and experimental approach presented here may provide a basis for the quantitative analysis of elastogram quality in OCE that can be adapted and applied to different OCE systems and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichaluk Leartprapun
- Cornell University, Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Weill Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Rishyashring R. Iyer
- Cornell University, Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Weill Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
- Present address: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Colin D. Mackey
- Cornell University, Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Weill Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Steven G. Adie
- Cornell University, Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Weill Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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14
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Zhu J, He X, Chen Z. Acoustic radiation force optical coherence elastography for elasticity assessment of soft tissues. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY REVIEWS 2019; 54:457-481. [PMID: 31749516 PMCID: PMC6867804 DOI: 10.1080/05704928.2018.1467436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Biomechanical properties of soft tissues are important indicators of tissue functions which can be used for clinical diagnosis and disease monitoring. Elastography, incorporating the principles of elasticity measurements into imaging modalities, provides quantitative assessment of elastic properties of biological tissues. Benefiting from high-resolution, noninvasive and three-dimensional optical coherence tomography (OCT), optical coherence elastography (OCE) is an emerging optical imaging modality to characterize and map biomechanical properties of soft tissues. Recently, acoustic radiation force (ARF) OCE has been developed for elasticity measurements of ocular tissues, detection of vascular lesions and monitoring of blood coagulation based on remote and noninvasive ARF excitation to both internal and superficial tissues. Here, we describe the advantages of the ARF-OCE technique, the measurement methods in ARF-OCE, the applications in biomedical detection, current challenges and advances. ARF-OCE technology has the potential to become a powerful tool for in vivo elasticity assessment of biological samples in a non-contact, non-invasive and high-resolution nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Zhu
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92612, USA
| | - Xingdao He
- Key Laboratory of Nondestructive Test (Ministry of Education), Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Zhongping Chen
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92612, USA
- Key Laboratory of Nondestructive Test (Ministry of Education), Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
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15
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Qu Y, He Y, Zhang Y, Ma T, Zhu J, Miao Y, Dai C, Humayun M, Zhou Q, Chen Z. Quantified elasticity mapping of retinal layers using synchronized acoustic radiation force optical coherence elastography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 9:4054-4063. [PMID: 30615733 PMCID: PMC6157789 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.004054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in the elderly (over the age of 60 years) in western countries. In the early stages of the disease, structural changes may be subtle and cannot be detected. Recently it has been postulated that the mechanical properties of the retina may change with the onset of AMD. In this manuscript, we present a novel, non-invasive means that utilizes synchronized acoustic radiation force optical coherence elastography (ARF-OCE) to measure and estimate the elasticity of cadaver porcine retina. Both regions near the optic nerve and in the peripheral retina were studied. An acoustic force is exerted on the tissue for excitation and the resulting tissue vibrations, often in the nanometer scale, are detected with high-resolution optical methods. Segmentation has been performed to isolate individual layers and the Young's modulus has been estimated for each. The results have been successfully compared and mapped to corresponding histological results using H&E staining. Finally, 64 elastograms of the retina were analyzed, as well as the elastic properties, with stiffness ranging from 1.3 to 25.9 kPa in the ganglion to the photoreceptor sides respectively. ARF-OCE allows for the elasticity mapping of anatomical retinal layers. This imaging approach needs further evaluation but has the potential to allow physicians to gain a better understanding of the elasticity of retinal layers in retinal diseases such as AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueqiao Qu
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, 1002 Health Sciences Road East, Irvine, CA 92612, USA
- First two authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Youmin He
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, 1002 Health Sciences Road East, Irvine, CA 92612, USA
- First two authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Yi Zhang
- USC Roski Eye Institute & Institute for Biomedical Therapeutics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Teng Ma
- NIH Ultrasonic Transducer Resource Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Jiang Zhu
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, 1002 Health Sciences Road East, Irvine, CA 92612, USA
| | - Yusi Miao
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, 1002 Health Sciences Road East, Irvine, CA 92612, USA
| | - Cuixia Dai
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, 1002 Health Sciences Road East, Irvine, CA 92612, USA
| | - Mark Humayun
- USC Roski Eye Institute & Institute for Biomedical Therapeutics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Qifa Zhou
- USC Roski Eye Institute & Institute for Biomedical Therapeutics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- NIH Ultrasonic Transducer Resource Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Zhongping Chen
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, 1002 Health Sciences Road East, Irvine, CA 92612, USA
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16
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Zhu J, Miao Y, Qi L, Qu Y, He Y, Yang Q, Chen Z. Longitudinal shear wave imaging for elasticity mapping using optical coherence elastography. APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS 2017; 110:201101. [PMID: 28611483 PMCID: PMC5432373 DOI: 10.1063/1.4983292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Shear wave measurements for the determination of tissue elastic properties have been used in clinical diagnosis and soft tissue assessment. A shear wave propagates as a transverse wave where vibration is perpendicular to the wave propagation direction. Previous transverse shear wave measurements could detect the shear modulus in the lateral region of the force; however, they could not provide the elastic information in the axial region of the force. In this study, we report the imaging and quantification of longitudinal shear wave propagation using optical coherence tomography to measure the elastic properties along the force direction. The experimental validation and finite element simulations show that the longitudinal shear wave propagates along the vibration direction as a plane wave in the near field of a planar source. The wave velocity measurement can quantify the shear moduli in a homogeneous phantom and a side-by-side phantom. Combining the transverse shear wave and longitudinal shear wave measurements, this system has great potential to detect the directionally dependent elastic properties in tissues without a change in the force direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Zhu
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92612, USA
| | | | - Li Qi
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92612, USA
| | | | | | - Qiang Yang
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92612, USA
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17
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Multi-functional Ultrasonic Micro-elastography Imaging System. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1230. [PMID: 28450709 PMCID: PMC5430777 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01210-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In clinical decision making, in addition to anatomical information, biomechanical properties of soft tissues may provide additional clues for disease diagnosis. Given the fact that most of diseases are originated from micron sized structures, an elastography imaging system of fine resolution (~100 µm) and deep penetration depth capable of providing both qualitative and quantitative measurements of biomechanical properties is desired. Here, we report a newly developed multi-functional ultrasonic micro-elastography imaging system in which acoustic radiation force impulse imaging (ARFI) and shear wave elasticity imaging (SWEI) are implemented. To accomplish this, the 4.5 MHz/40 MHz transducer were used as the excitation/detection source, respectively. The imaging system was tested with tissue-mimicking phantoms and an ex vivo chicken liver through 2D/3D imaging. The measured lateral/axial elastography resolution and field of view are 223.7 ± 20.1/109.8 ± 6.9 µm and 1.5 mm for ARFI, 543.6 ± 39.3/117.6 ± 8.7 µm and 2 mm for SWEI, respectively. These results demonstrate that the promising capability of this high resolution elastography imaging system for characterizing tissue biomechanical properties at microscale level and its translational potential into clinical practice.
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18
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Liu CH, Schill A, Raghunathan R, Wu C, Singh M, Han Z, Nair A, Larin KV. Ultra-fast line-field low coherence holographic elastography using spatial phase shifting. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 8:993-1004. [PMID: 28270998 PMCID: PMC5330560 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.000993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Optical coherence elastography (OCE) is an emerging technique for quantifying tissue biomechanical properties. Generally, OCE relies on point-by-point scanning. However, long acquisition times make point-by-point scanning unfeasible for clinical use. Here we demonstrate a noncontact single shot line-field low coherence holography system utilizing an automatic Hilbert transform analysis based on a spatial phase shifting technique. Spatio-temporal maps of elastic wave propagation were acquired with only one air-pulse excitation and used to quantify wave velocity and sample mechanical properties at a line rate of 200 kHz. Results obtained on phantoms were correlated with data from mechanical testing. Finally, the stiffness of porcine cornea at different intraocular pressures was also quantified in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hao Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
| | - Alexander Schill
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
| | - Raksha Raghunathan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
| | - Chen Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
| | - Manmohan Singh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
| | - Zhaolong Han
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
| | - Achuth Nair
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
| | - Kirill V. Larin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biophotonics, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77584, USA
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19
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Larin KV, Sampson DD. Optical coherence elastography - OCT at work in tissue biomechanics [Invited]. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 8:1172-1202. [PMID: 28271011 PMCID: PMC5330567 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.001172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Optical coherence elastography (OCE), as the use of OCT to perform elastography has come to be known, began in 1998, around ten years after the rest of the field of elastography - the use of imaging to deduce mechanical properties of tissues. After a slow start, the maturation of OCT technology in the early to mid 2000s has underpinned a recent acceleration in the field. With more than 20 papers published in 2015, and more than 25 in 2016, OCE is growing fast, but still small compared to the companion fields of cell mechanics research methods, and medical elastography. In this review, we describe the early developments in OCE, and the factors that led to the current acceleration. Much of our attention is on the key recent advances, with a strong emphasis on future prospects, which are exceptionally bright.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill V Larin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Blvd., Houston, Texas 77204-5060, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA;
| | - David D Sampson
- Optical + Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation & Analysis, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009, Australia;
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20
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3D mapping of elastic modulus using shear wave optical micro-elastography. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35499. [PMID: 27762276 PMCID: PMC5071855 DOI: 10.1038/srep35499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Elastography provides a powerful tool for histopathological identification and clinical diagnosis based on information from tissue stiffness. Benefiting from high resolution, three-dimensional (3D), and noninvasive optical coherence tomography (OCT), optical micro-elastography has the ability to determine elastic properties with a resolution of ~10 μm in a 3D specimen. The shear wave velocity measurement can be used to quantify the elastic modulus. However, in current methods, shear waves are measured near the surface with an interference of surface waves. In this study, we developed acoustic radiation force (ARF) orthogonal excitation optical coherence elastography (ARFOE-OCE) to visualize shear waves in 3D. This method uses acoustic force perpendicular to the OCT beam to excite shear waves in internal specimens and uses Doppler variance method to visualize shear wave propagation in 3D. The measured propagation of shear waves agrees well with the simulation results obtained from finite element analysis (FEA). Orthogonal acoustic excitation allows this method to measure the shear modulus in a deeper specimen which extends the elasticity measurement range beyond the OCT imaging depth. The results show that the ARFOE-OCE system has the ability to noninvasively determine the 3D elastic map.
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21
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Ma T, Zhou B, Hsiai TK, Shung KK. A Review of Intravascular Ultrasound-based Multimodal Intravascular Imaging: The Synergistic Approach to Characterizing Vulnerable Plaques. ULTRASONIC IMAGING 2016; 38:314-31. [PMID: 26400676 PMCID: PMC4803636 DOI: 10.1177/0161734615604829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Catheter-based intravascular imaging modalities are being developed to visualize pathologies in coronary arteries, such as high-risk vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques known as thin-cap fibroatheroma, to guide therapeutic strategy at preventing heart attacks. Mounting evidences have shown three distinctive histopathological features-the presence of a thin fibrous cap, a lipid-rich necrotic core, and numerous infiltrating macrophages-are key markers of increased vulnerability in atherosclerotic plaques. To visualize these changes, the majority of catheter-based imaging modalities used intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) as the technical foundation and integrated emerging intravascular imaging techniques to enhance the characterization of vulnerable plaques. However, no current imaging technology is the unequivocal "gold standard" for the diagnosis of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques. Each intravascular imaging technology possesses its own unique features that yield valuable information although encumbered by inherent limitations not seen in other modalities. In this context, the aim of this review is to discuss current scientific innovations, technical challenges, and prospective strategies in the development of IVUS-based multi-modality intravascular imaging systems aimed at assessing atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Ma
- NIH Resource Center on Medical Ultrasonic Transducer Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bill Zhou
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tzung K Hsiai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - K Kirk Shung
- NIH Resource Center on Medical Ultrasonic Transducer Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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22
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Liu CH, Du Y, Singh M, Wu C, Han Z, Li J, Chang A, Mohan C, Larin KV. Classifying murine glomerulonephritis using optical coherence tomography and optical coherence elastography. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2016; 9:781-91. [PMID: 26791097 PMCID: PMC4956579 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201500269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Acute glomerulonephritis caused by antiglomerular basement membrane marked by high mortality. The primary reason for this is delayed diagnosis via blood examination, urine analysis, tissue biopsy, or ultrasound and X-ray computed tomography imaging. Blood, urine, and tissue-based diagnoses can be time consuming, while ultrasound and CT imaging have relatively low spatial resolution, with reduced sensitivity. Optical coherence tomography is a noninvasive and high-resolution imaging technique that provides superior spatial resolution (micrometer scale) as compared to ultrasound and CT. Changes in tissue properties can be detected based on the optical metrics analyzed from the OCT signals, such as optical attenuation and speckle variance. Furthermore, OCT does not rely on ionizing radiation as with CT imaging. In addition to structural changes, the elasticity of the kidney can significantly change due to nephritis. In this work, OCT has been utilized to quantify the difference in tissue properties between healthy and nephritic murine kidneys. Although OCT imaging could identify the diseased tissue, its classification accuracy is clinically inadequate. By combining optical metrics with elasticity, the classification accuracy improves from 76% to 95%. These results show that OCT combined with OCE can be a powerful tool for identifying and classifying nephritis. Therefore, the OCT/OCE method could potentially be used as a minimally invasive tool for longitudinal studies during the progression and therapy of glomerulonephritis as well as complement and, perhaps, substitute highly invasive tissue biopsies. Elastic-wave propagation in mouse healthy and nephritic kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hao Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Boulevard, Houston, Texas, 77204, USA
| | - Yong Du
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Boulevard, Houston, Texas, 77204, USA
| | - Manmohan Singh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Boulevard, Houston, Texas, 77204, USA
| | - Chen Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Boulevard, Houston, Texas, 77204, USA
| | - Zhaolong Han
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Boulevard, Houston, Texas, 77204, USA
| | - Jiasong Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Boulevard, Houston, Texas, 77204, USA
| | - Anthony Chang
- Department of Pathology, the University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Chandra Mohan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Boulevard, Houston, Texas, 77204, USA.
| | - Kirill V Larin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Boulevard, Houston, Texas, 77204, USA.
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas, 77584, USA.
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biophotonics, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, 634050, Russia.
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23
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Qu Y, Ma T, He Y, Zhu J, Dai C, Yu M, Huang S, Lu F, Shung KK, Zhou Q, Chen Z. Acoustic Radiation Force Optical Coherence Elastography of Corneal Tissue. IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS : A PUBLICATION OF THE IEEE LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS SOCIETY 2016; 22:6803507. [PMID: 27293369 PMCID: PMC4896493 DOI: 10.1109/jstqe.2016.2524618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We report on a real-time acoustic radiation force optical coherence elastography (ARF-OCE) system to map the relative elasticity of corneal tissue. A modulated ARF is used as excitation to vibrate the cornea while OCE serves as detection of tissue response. To show feasibility of detecting mechanical contrast using this method, we performed tissue-equivalent agarose phantom studies with inclusions of a different stiffness. We obtained 3-D elastograms of a healthy cornea and a highly cross-linked cornea. Finally we induced a stiffness change on a small portion of a cornea and observed the differences in displacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueqiao Qu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, the Edwards Life Sciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, and Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - Teng Ma
- NIH Ultrasonic Transducer Resource Center and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Youmin He
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92612 USA
| | - Jiang Zhu
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92612 USA
| | - Cuixia Dai
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92612 USA, and the Shanghai Institute of Technology, 100 Haiquan Road, Fengxian, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingyue Yu
- NIH Ultrasonic Transducer Resource Center and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shenghai Huang
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine 92612 USA and the School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027 China
| | - Fan Lu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027 China
| | - K. Kirk Shung
- NIH Ultrasonic Transducer Resource Center and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Qifa Zhou
- NIH Ultrasonic Transducer Resource Center and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zhongping Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, the Edwards Life Sciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, and Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
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24
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Dynamic and quantitative assessment of blood coagulation using optical coherence elastography. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24294. [PMID: 27090437 PMCID: PMC4836302 DOI: 10.1038/srep24294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Reliable clot diagnostic systems are needed for directing treatment in a broad spectrum of cardiovascular diseases and coagulopathy. Here, we report on non-contact measurement of elastic modulus for dynamic and quantitative assessment of whole blood coagulation using acoustic radiation force orthogonal excitation optical coherence elastography (ARFOE-OCE). In this system, acoustic radiation force (ARF) is produced by a remote ultrasonic transducer, and a shear wave induced by ARF excitation is detected by the optical coherence tomography (OCT) system. During porcine whole blood coagulation, changes in the elastic property of the clots increase the shear modulus of the sample, altering the propagating velocity of the shear wave. Consequently, dynamic blood coagulation status can be measured quantitatively by relating the velocity of the shear wave with clinically relevant coagulation metrics, including reaction time, clot formation kinetics and maximum shear modulus. The results show that the ARFOE-OCE is sensitive to the clot formation kinetics and can differentiate the elastic properties of the recalcified porcine whole blood, blood added with kaolin as an activator, and blood spiked with fibrinogen.
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25
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Li J, Chen Z. Integrated intravascular ultrasound and optical coherence tomography technology: a promising tool to identify vulnerable plaques [INVITED PAPER]. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL PHOTONICS & ENGINEERING 2016; 1. [PMID: 28966987 DOI: 10.18287/jbpe-2015-1-4-209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart attack is mainly caused by the rupture of a vulnerable plaque. IVUS-OCT is a novel medical imaging modality that provides opportunities for accurate assessment of vulnerable plaques in vivo in patients. IVUS provides deep penetration to image the whole necrotic core while OCT enables accurate measurement of the fibrous cap of a plaque owing to its high resolution. In this paper, the authors describe the fundamentals, the technical designs and the applications of IVUS-OCT technology. Results from cadaver specimens are summarized, which indicated the complementary nature of OCT and IVUS for assessment of vulnerable plaques, plaque composition, and stent-tissue interactions. Furthermore, previously reported in vivo animal experiments are reviewed to assess the clinical adaptability of IVUS-OCT. Future directions for this technology are also discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Li
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, 1002 Health Sciences Road East, Irvine, CA 92612, USA
| | - Zhongping Chen
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, 1002 Health Sciences Road East, Irvine, CA 92612, USA
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26
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Kennedy KM, Chin L, McLaughlin RA, Latham B, Saunders CM, Sampson DD, Kennedy BF. Quantitative micro-elastography: imaging of tissue elasticity using compression optical coherence elastography. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15538. [PMID: 26503225 PMCID: PMC4622092 DOI: 10.1038/srep15538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Probing the mechanical properties of tissue on the microscale could aid in the identification of diseased tissues that are inadequately detected using palpation or current clinical imaging modalities, with potential to guide medical procedures such as the excision of breast tumours. Compression optical coherence elastography (OCE) maps tissue strain with microscale spatial resolution and can delineate microstructural features within breast tissues. However, without a measure of the locally applied stress, strain provides only a qualitative indication of mechanical properties. To overcome this limitation, we present quantitative micro-elastography, which combines compression OCE with a compliant stress sensor to image tissue elasticity. The sensor consists of a layer of translucent silicone with well-characterized stress-strain behaviour. The measured strain in the sensor is used to estimate the two-dimensional stress distribution applied to the sample surface. Elasticity is determined by dividing the stress by the strain in the sample. We show that quantification of elasticity can improve the ability of compression OCE to distinguish between tissues, thereby extending the potential for inter-sample comparison and longitudinal studies of tissue elasticity. We validate the technique using tissue-mimicking phantoms and demonstrate the ability to map elasticity of freshly excised malignant and benign human breast tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey M Kennedy
- Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic &Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley WA 6009, Australia
| | - Lixin Chin
- Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic &Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley WA 6009, Australia
| | - Robert A McLaughlin
- Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic &Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley WA 6009, Australia
| | - Bruce Latham
- PathWest, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Robin Warren Drive, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Christobel M Saunders
- School of Surgery, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.,Breast Clinic, Royal Perth Hospital, 197 Wellington Street, Perth, WA 6000, Australia
| | - David D Sampson
- Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic &Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley WA 6009, Australia.,Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation &Analysis, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Brendan F Kennedy
- Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic &Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley WA 6009, Australia
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27
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Zhu J, Qu Y, Ma T, Li R, Du Y, Huang S, Shung KK, Zhou Q, Chen Z. Imaging and characterizing shear wave and shear modulus under orthogonal acoustic radiation force excitation using OCT Doppler variance method. OPTICS LETTERS 2015; 40:2099-102. [PMID: 25927794 PMCID: PMC4537318 DOI: 10.1364/ol.40.002099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We report on a novel acoustic radiation force orthogonal excitation optical coherence elastography (ARFOE-OCE) technique for imaging shear wave and quantifying shear modulus under orthogonal acoustic radiation force (ARF) excitation using the optical coherence tomography (OCT) Doppler variance method. The ARF perpendicular to the OCT beam is produced by a remote ultrasonic transducer. A shear wave induced by ARF excitation propagates parallel to the OCT beam. The OCT Doppler variance method, which is sensitive to the transverse vibration, is used to measure the ARF-induced vibration. For analysis of the shear modulus, the Doppler variance method is utilized to visualize shear wave propagation instead of Doppler OCT method, and the propagation velocity of the shear wave is measured at different depths of one location with the M scan. In order to quantify shear modulus beyond the OCT imaging depth, we move ARF to a deeper layer at a known step and measure the time delay of the shear wave propagating to the same OCT imaging depth. We also quantitatively map the shear modulus of a cross-section in a tissue-equivalent phantom after employing the B scan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Zhu
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, 1002 Health Sciences Road East, Irvine, California 92612, USA
| | - Yueqiao Qu
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, 1002 Health Sciences Road East, Irvine, California 92612, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Teng Ma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, NIH Ultrasonic Transducer Resource Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Rui Li
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, 1002 Health Sciences Road East, Irvine, California 92612, USA
| | - Yongzhao Du
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, 1002 Health Sciences Road East, Irvine, California 92612, USA
| | - Shenghai Huang
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, 1002 Health Sciences Road East, Irvine, California 92612, USA
| | - K. Kirk Shung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, NIH Ultrasonic Transducer Resource Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Qifa Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, NIH Ultrasonic Transducer Resource Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Zhongping Chen
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, 1002 Health Sciences Road East, Irvine, California 92612, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
- Corresponding author:
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28
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Wang S, Larin KV. Optical coherence elastography for tissue characterization: a review. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2015; 8:279-302. [PMID: 25412100 PMCID: PMC4410708 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201400108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Optical coherence elastography (OCE) represents the frontier of optical elasticity imaging techniques and focuses on the micro-scale assessment of tissue biomechanics in 3D that is hard to achieve with traditional elastographic methods. Benefit from the advancement of optical coherence tomography, and driven by the increasing requirements in nondestructive biomechanical characterization, this emerging technique recently has experienced a rapid development. In this paper, we start with the description of the mechanical contrast that has been employed by OCE and review the state-of-the-art techniques based on the reported applications and discuss the current technical challenges, emphasizing the unique role of OCE in tissue mechanical characterization. The position of OCE among other elastography techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Blvd., Houston, Texas, 77204-5060, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of medicine, one Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
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Wang S, Larin KV. Optical coherence elastography for tissue characterization: a review. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2015. [PMID: 25412100 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.v8.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Optical coherence elastography (OCE) represents the frontier of optical elasticity imaging techniques and focuses on the micro-scale assessment of tissue biomechanics in 3D that is hard to achieve with traditional elastographic methods. Benefit from the advancement of optical coherence tomography, and driven by the increasing requirements in nondestructive biomechanical characterization, this emerging technique recently has experienced a rapid development. In this paper, we start with the description of the mechanical contrast that has been employed by OCE and review the state-of-the-art techniques based on the reported applications and discuss the current technical challenges, emphasizing the unique role of OCE in tissue mechanical characterization. The position of OCE among other elastography techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Blvd., Houston, Texas, 77204-5060, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of medicine, one Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
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Ma T, Qian X, Chiu CT, Yu M, Jung H, Tung YS, Shung KK, Zhou Q. High-resolution harmonic motion imaging (HR-HMI) for tissue biomechanical property characterization. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2015; 5:108-17. [PMID: 25694960 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2223-4292.2014.11.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elastography, capable of mapping the biomechanical properties of biological tissues, serves as a useful technique for clinicians to perform disease diagnosis and determine stages of many diseases. Many acoustic radiation force (ARF) based elastography, including acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) imaging and harmonic motion imaging (HMI), have been developed to remotely assess the elastic properties of tissues. However, due to the lower operating frequencies of these approaches, their spatial resolutions are insufficient for revealing stiffness distribution on small scale applications, such as cancerous tumor margin detection, atherosclerotic plaque composition analysis and ophthalmologic tissue characterization. Though recently developed ARF-based optical coherence elastography (OCE) methods open a new window for the high resolution elastography, shallow imaging depths significantly limit their usefulness in clinics. METHODS The aim of this study is to develop a high-resolution HMI method to assess the tissue biomechanical properties with acceptable field of view (FOV) using a 4 MHz ring transducer for efficient excitation and a 40 MHz needle transducer for accurate detection. Under precise alignment of two confocal transducers, the high-resolution HMI system has a lateral resolution of 314 µm and an axial resolution of
147 µm with an effective FOV of 2 mm in depth. RESULTS The performance of this high resolution imaging system was validated on the agar-based tissue mimicking phantoms with different stiffness distributions. These data demonstrated the imaging system's improved resolution and sensitivity on differentiating materials with varying stiffness. In addition, ex vivo imaging of a human atherosclerosis coronary artery demonstrated the capability of high resolution HMI in identifying layer-specific structures and characterizing atherosclerotic plaques based on their stiffness differences. CONCLUSIONS All together high resolution HMI appears to be a promising ultrasound-only technology for characterizing tissue biomechanical properties at the microstructural level to improve the image-based diseases diagnosis in multiple clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Ma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, NIH Recourse Center on Medical Ultrasonic Transducer Technology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Xuejun Qian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, NIH Recourse Center on Medical Ultrasonic Transducer Technology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Chi Tat Chiu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, NIH Recourse Center on Medical Ultrasonic Transducer Technology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mingyue Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, NIH Recourse Center on Medical Ultrasonic Transducer Technology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Hayong Jung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, NIH Recourse Center on Medical Ultrasonic Transducer Technology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yao-Sheng Tung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, NIH Recourse Center on Medical Ultrasonic Transducer Technology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - K Kirk Shung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, NIH Recourse Center on Medical Ultrasonic Transducer Technology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Qifa Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, NIH Recourse Center on Medical Ultrasonic Transducer Technology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Wu C, Han Z, Wang S, Li J, Singh M, Liu CH, Aglyamov S, Emelianov S, Manns F, Larin KV. Assessing age-related changes in the biomechanical properties of rabbit lens using a coaligned ultrasound and optical coherence elastography system. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2015; 56:1292-300. [PMID: 25613945 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.14-15654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the capability of a novel, coaligned focused ultrasound and phase-sensitive optical coherence elastography (US-OCE) system to assess age-related changes in biomechanical properties of the crystalline lens in situ. METHODS Low-amplitude elastic deformations in young and mature rabbit lenses were measured by an US-OCE system consisting of a spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) system coaligned with a focused ultrasound system used to produce a transient force on the lens surface. Uniaxial compressional tests were used to validate the OCE data. RESULTS The OCE measurements showed that the maximum displacements of the young rabbit lenses were significantly larger than those of the mature lenses, indicating a gradual increase of the lens stiffness with age. Temporal analyses of the displacements also demonstrate a similar trend of elastic properties in these lenses. The stress-strain measurements using uniaxial mechanical tests confirmed the results obtained by the US-OCE system. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate that the US-OCE system can be used for noninvasive analysis and quantification of lens biomechanical properties in situ and possibly in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Zhaolong Han
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Shang Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Jiasong Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Manmohan Singh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Chih-Hao Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Salavat Aglyamov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States
| | - Stanislav Emelianov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States
| | - Fabrice Manns
- Ophthalmic Biophysics Center, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States Biomedical Optics and Laser Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami College of Engineering, Coral Gables, Florida, United States
| | - Kirill V Larin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
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