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Caporusso CB, Cugliandolo LF, Digregorio P, Gonnella G, Levis D, Suma A. Dynamics of Motility-Induced Clusters: Coarsening beyond Ostwald Ripening. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:068201. [PMID: 37625054 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.068201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
We study the dynamics of clusters of active Brownian disks generated by motility-induced phase separation, by applying an algorithm that we devised to track cluster trajectories. We identify an aggregation mechanism that goes beyond Ostwald ripening but also yields a dynamic exponent characterizing the cluster growth z=3, in the timescales explored numerically. Clusters of mass M self-propel with enhanced diffusivity D∼Pe^{2}/sqrt[M]. Their fast motion drives aggregation into large fractal structures, which are patchworks of diverse hexatic orders, and coexist with regular, orientationally uniform, smaller ones. To bring out the impact of activity, we perform a comparative study of a passive system that evidences major differences with the active case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio B Caporusso
- Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Bari and INFN, Sezione di Bari, via Amendola 173, Bari, I-70126, Italy
| | - Leticia F Cugliandolo
- Sorbonne Université, Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Hautes Energies, CNRS UMR 7589, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 1 rue Descartes, 75005 Paris France
| | - Pasquale Digregorio
- CECAM Centre Européen de Calcul Atomique et Moléculaire, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Batochimie, Avenue Forel 2, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Departement de Fisica de la Materia Condensada, Facultat de Fisica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, E08028 Barcelona, Spain
- UBICS University of Barcelona Institute of Complex Systems, Martí i Franquès 1, E08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Giuseppe Gonnella
- Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Bari and INFN, Sezione di Bari, via Amendola 173, Bari, I-70126, Italy
| | - Demian Levis
- Departement de Fisica de la Materia Condensada, Facultat de Fisica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, E08028 Barcelona, Spain
- UBICS University of Barcelona Institute of Complex Systems, Martí i Franquès 1, E08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Suma
- Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Bari and INFN, Sezione di Bari, via Amendola 173, Bari, I-70126, Italy
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2
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Li Y, Liu Q, Wu S, Geng L, Popovic J, Li Y, Chen Z, Wang H, Wang Y, Dai T, Yang Y, Sun H, Lu Y, Zhang L, Tang Y, Xiao R, Li H, Chen L, Maier J, Huang J, Hu YS. Unraveling the Reaction Mystery of Li and Na with Dry Air. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:10576-10583. [PMID: 37130260 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c13589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Li and Na metals with high energy density are promising in application in rechargeable batteries but suffer from degradation in the ambient atmosphere. The phenomenon that in terms of kinetics, Li is stable but Na is unstable in dry air has not been fully understood. Here, we use in situ environmental transmission electron microscopy combined with theoretical simulations and reveal that the different stabilities in dry air for Li and Na are reflected by the formation of compact Li2O layers on Li metal, while porous and rough Na2O/Na2O2 layers on Na metal are a consequence of the different thermodynamic and kinetics in O2. It is shown that a preformed carbonate layer can change the kinetics of Na toward an anticorrosive behavior. Our study provides a deeper understanding of the often-overlooked chemical reactions with environmental gases and enhances the electrochemical performance of Li and Na by controlling interfacial stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Li
- Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiunan Liu
- Clean Nano Energy Center, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Siyuan Wu
- Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lin Geng
- Clean Nano Energy Center, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Jelena Popovic
- Physical Chemistry of Solids, Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstr. 1, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - Yu Li
- Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Huairou Division, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
| | - Zhao Chen
- Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haibo Wang
- Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yuqi Wang
- Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tao Dai
- Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haiming Sun
- Clean Nano Energy Center, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Yaxiang Lu
- Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Huairou Division, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
- Yangtze River Delta Physics Research Center, Liyang, Jiangsu 213300, China
| | - Liqiang Zhang
- Clean Nano Energy Center, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Yongfu Tang
- Clean Nano Energy Center, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Ruijuan Xiao
- Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Yangtze River Delta Physics Research Center, Liyang, Jiangsu 213300, China
| | - Hong Li
- Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Huairou Division, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
- Yangtze River Delta Physics Research Center, Liyang, Jiangsu 213300, China
| | - Liquan Chen
- Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Joachim Maier
- Physical Chemistry of Solids, Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstr. 1, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - Jianyu Huang
- Clean Nano Energy Center, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, China
| | - Yong-Sheng Hu
- Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Huairou Division, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
- Yangtze River Delta Physics Research Center, Liyang, Jiangsu 213300, China
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Inoue S, Kimura Y, Uematsu Y. Ostwald ripening of aqueous microbubble solutions. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:244704. [PMID: 36586988 DOI: 10.1063/5.0128696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bubble solutions are of growing interest because of their various technological applications in surface cleaning, water treatment, and agriculture. However, their physicochemical properties, such as the stability and interfacial charge of bubbles, are not fully understood yet. In this study, the kinetics of radii in aqueous microbubble solutions are experimentally investigated, and the results are discussed in the context of Ostwald ripening. The obtained distributions of bubble radii scaled by mean radius and total number were found to be time-independent during the observation period. Image analysis of radii kinetics revealed that the average growth and shrinkage speed of each bubble is governed by diffusion-limited Ostwald ripening, and the kinetic coefficient calculated using the available physicochemical constants in the literature quantitatively agrees with the experimental data. Furthermore, the cube of mean radius and mean volume exhibit a linear time evolution in agreement with the Lifshitz-Slezov-Wagner (LSW) theory. The coefficients are slightly larger than those predicted using the LSW theory, which can be qualitatively explained by the effect of finite volume fraction. Finally, the slowdown and pinning of radius in the shrinkage dynamics of small microbubbles are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sota Inoue
- Department of Physics, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Kimura
- Department of Physics, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yuki Uematsu
- Department of Physics and Information Technology, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Iizuka 820-8502, Japan
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Microscopic revelation of the solid-gas coupling and Knudsen effect on the thermal conductivity of silica aerogel with inter-connected pores. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21034. [PMID: 36470925 PMCID: PMC9722935 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24133-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As a star insulation material, aerogel plays a significant role in saving energy and meeting temperature requirements in industry due to its extremely low thermal conductivity. The prediction of aerogel's thermal conductivity is of great interest in both research and industry, particularly because of the difficulty in measuring the separated gas conductivities directly by experiment. Hence, the proportions of separated gas conduction and solid-gas coupling conduction are debatable. In this work, molecular dynamics simulations were performed on porous silica aerogel systems to determine their thermal conductivities directly. The pore size achieved in the present study was improved significantly, making it possible to include the gas phase in the investigation of aerogel thermal conductivity. The separated solid conductivity [Formula: see text] and the separated gas thermal conductivity [Formula: see text] as well as the effective solid conductivity [Formula: see text] and the effective gas conductivity [Formula: see text] were calculated. The results suggest that the solid-gas coupling effect is negligible in rarefied gas because the enhancement of thermal conduction due to the short cut bridging effect by gas between gaps in the solid is limited. The gas pressure is the most significant factor that affects the solid-gas coupling effect. The large differential between the prediction and the actual value of the thermal conductivity is mainly from the underestimate of [Formula: see text], and not because of ignoring the coupling effect. As a conclusion, the solid-gas coupling effect can be neglected in the prediction of silica aerogel's thermal conductivity at low and moderate gas pressure, i.e., decreasing the gas pressure is the most efficient way to suppress the coupling effect. The findings could be used in multi-scale simulations and be beneficial for improving the accuracy of predictions of aerogel thermal conductivity.
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A microfluidic device for real-time on-demand intravenous oxygen delivery. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2115276119. [PMID: 35312360 PMCID: PMC9060478 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2115276119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of hypoxemia that is refractory to the current standard of care is time-sensitive and requires skilled caregivers and use of specialized equipment (e.g., extracorporeal membrane oxygenation). Most patients experiencing refractory hypoxemia will suffer organ dysfunction, and death is common in this cohort. Here, we describe a new strategy to stabilize and support patients using a microfluidic device that administers oxygen gas directly to the bloodstream in real time and on demand using a process that we call sequential shear-induced bubble breakup. If successful, the described technology may help to avoid or decrease the incidence of ventilator-related lung injury from refractory hypoxemia. Oxygen is picked up in the lungs, carried by the blood, and delivered to tissues where it serves as the terminal electron acceptor during oxidative phosphorylation. During health, oxygen is available in abundance; however, COVID-19 and many other forms of critical illness can damage the lungs and compromise systemic oxygen delivery. Cells that are very active cannot tolerate deficiencies in energy production that result from oxygen deprivation. Hypoxemia that lasts even a few minutes can turn a healthy person into a neurologically devastated patient for life, and when refractory it is often lethal. In this paper, we develop a way to administer oxygen gas to a patient through an intravenous line, replacing or supplementing the function of injured lungs. Here, we show that by coinfusing oxygen gas and a liquid solution through a series of sequential nozzles of decreasing size we are able to create bubbles of oxygen that are smaller than a single red blood cell on demand and in real time. These bubbles are coated with a “membrane” similar to that in every other cell in the body, which 1) prevents them from merging with other bubbles to create larger ones, 2) provides a path for oxygen to diffuse out and into the blood, and 3) minimizes the likelihood of material-related toxicities. Importantly, these devices allow us to control the dosage of oxygen delivered and the volume of fluid administered, both of which are critical parameters in the management of critically ill patients.
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Zhang Z, Qiang J, Wang S, Xu M, Gan M, Rao Z, Tian T, Ke S, Zhou Y, Hu Y, Leung CW, Mak CL, Fei L. Visualization of Bubble Nucleation and Growth Confined in 2D Flakes. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2103301. [PMID: 34473395 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202103301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The nucleation and growth of bubbles within a solid matrix is a ubiquitous phenomenon that affects many natural and synthetic processes. However, such a bubbling process is almost "invisible" to common characterization methods because it has an intrinsically multiphased nature and occurs on very short time/length scales. Using in situ transmission electron microscopy to explore the decomposition of a solid precursor that emits gaseous byproducts, the direct observation of a complete nanoscale bubbling process confined in ultrathin 2D flakes is presented here. This result suggests a three-step pathway for bubble formation in the confined environment: void formation via spinodal decomposition, bubble nucleation from the spherization of voids, and bubble growth by coalescence. Furthermore, the systematic kinetics analysis based on COMSOL simulations shows that bubble growth is actually achieved by developing metastable or unstable necks between neighboring bubbles before coalescing into one. This thorough understanding of the bubbling mechanism in a confined geometry has implications for refining modern nucleation theories and controlling bubble-related processes in the fabrication of advanced materials (i.e., topological porous materials).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouyang Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Functional Thin Films, Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Two-Dimensional Materials and Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Multiscale Interdisciplinary Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330031, China
| | - Jun Qiang
- State Key Laboratory of High-Performance Complex Manufacturing, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China
| | - Shensong Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Ferro- & Piezoelectric Materials and Devices, School of Microelectronics, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430062, China
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Min Gan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Functional Thin Films, Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Two-Dimensional Materials and Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Multiscale Interdisciplinary Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330031, China
| | - Zhenggang Rao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Functional Thin Films, Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Two-Dimensional Materials and Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Multiscale Interdisciplinary Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330031, China
| | - Tingfang Tian
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Functional Thin Films, Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Two-Dimensional Materials and Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Multiscale Interdisciplinary Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330031, China
| | - Shanming Ke
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Functional Thin Films, Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Two-Dimensional Materials and Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Multiscale Interdisciplinary Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330031, China
| | - Yangbo Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Functional Thin Films, Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Two-Dimensional Materials and Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Multiscale Interdisciplinary Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330031, China
| | - Yongming Hu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Ferro- & Piezoelectric Materials and Devices, School of Microelectronics, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430062, China
| | - Chi Wah Leung
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chee Leung Mak
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Linfeng Fei
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Functional Thin Films, Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Two-Dimensional Materials and Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Multiscale Interdisciplinary Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330031, China
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Tateno M, Tanaka H. Power-law coarsening in network-forming phase separation governed by mechanical relaxation. Nat Commun 2021; 12:912. [PMID: 33568666 PMCID: PMC7875975 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20734-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A space-spanning network structure is a basic morphology in phase separation of soft and biomatter, alongside a droplet one. Despite its fundamental and industrial importance, the physical principle underlying such network-forming phase separation remains elusive. Here, we study the network coarsening during gas-liquid-type phase separation of colloidal suspensions and pure fluids, by hydrodynamic and molecular dynamics simulations, respectively. For both, the detailed analyses of the pore sizes and strain field reveal the self-similar network coarsening and the unconventional power-law growth more than a decade according to ℓ ∝ t1/2, where ℓ is the characteristic pore size and t is the elapsed time. We find that phase-separation dynamics is controlled by mechanical relaxation of the network-forming dense phase, whose limiting process is permeation flow of the solvent for colloidal suspensions and heat transport for pure fluids. This universal coarsening law would contribute to the fundamental physical understanding of network-forming phase separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michio Tateno
- Department of Fundamental Engineering, Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Komaba 3-8-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
| | - Hajime Tanaka
- Department of Fundamental Engineering, Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan.
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Midya J, Das SK. Kinetics of domain growth and aging in a two-dimensional off-lattice system. Phys Rev E 2021; 102:062119. [PMID: 33465989 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.102.062119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We have used molecular dynamics simulations for a comprehensive study of phase separation in a two-dimensional single-component off-lattice model where particles interact through the Lennard-Jones potential. Via state-of-the-art methods we have analyzed simulation data on structure, growth, and aging for nonequilibrium evolutions in the model. These data were obtained following quenches of well-equilibrated homogeneous configurations, with density close to the critical value, to various temperatures inside the miscibility gap, having vapor-"liquid" as well as vapor-"solid" coexistence. For the vapor-liquid phase separation we observe that ℓ, the average domain length, grows with time (t) as t^{1/2}, a behavior that has connection with hydrodynamics. At low-enough temperature, a sharp crossover of this time dependence to a much slower, temperature-dependent, growth is identified within the timescale of our simulations, implying "solid"-like final state of the high-density phase. This crossover is, interestingly, accompanied by strong differences in domain morphology and other structural aspects between the two situations. For aging, we have presented results for the order-parameter autocorrelation function. This quantity exhibits data collapse with respect to ℓ/ℓ_{w}, ℓ, and ℓ_{w} being the average domain lengths at times t and t_{w} (≤t), respectively, the latter being the age of a system. Corresponding scaling function follows a power-law decay: ∼(ℓ/ℓ_{w})^{-λ} for t≫t_{w}. The decay exponent λ, for the vapor-liquid case, is accurately estimated via the application of an advanced finite-size scaling method. The obtained value is observed to satisfy a bound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarul Midya
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Staudingerweg 7, 55128 Mainz, Germany.,Theoretical Sciences Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur P.O., Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Subir K Das
- Theoretical Sciences Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur P.O., Bangalore 560064, India.,School of Advanced Materials, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur P.O., Bangalore 560064, India
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9
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Asano Y, Watanabe H, Noguchi H. Effects of cavitation on Kármán vortex behind circular-cylinder arrays: A molecular dynamics study. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:034501. [PMID: 31968948 DOI: 10.1063/1.5138212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of cavitation on the flow around a circular-cylinder array are studied by using a molecular dynamics simulation. Cavitation significantly affects vortex shedding characteristics. As the cavitation develops, the vibration acting on the cylinders decreases and eventually disappears. The further cavitation development generates a longer vapor region next to the cylinders, and the vortex streets are formed at further positions from the cylinders. The neighboring Kármán vortexes are synchronized in the antiphase in the absence of the cavitation. This synchronization is weakened by the cavitation, and an asymmetric wake mode can be induced. These findings help mechanical designs of fluid machinery that include cylinder arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Asano
- Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Watanabe
- Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Noguchi
- Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
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Zhang Q, Pang Y, Schiffbauer J, Jemcov A, Chang HC, Lee E, Luo T. Light-Guided Surface Plasmonic Bubble Movement via Contact Line De-Pinning by In-Situ Deposited Plasmonic Nanoparticle Heating. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:48525-48532. [PMID: 31794181 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b16067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Precise spatiotemporal control of surface bubble movement can benefit a wide range of applications like high-throughput drug screening, combinatorial material development, microfluidic logic, colloidal and molecular assembly, and so forth. In this work, we demonstrate that surface bubbles on a solid surface are directed by a laser to move at high speeds (>1.8 mm/s), and we elucidate the mechanism to be the depinning of the three-phase contact line (TPCL) by rapid plasmonic heating of nanoparticles (NPs) deposited in situ during bubble movement. On the basis of our observations, we deduce a stick-slip mechanism based on asymmetric fore-aft plasmonic heating: local evaporation at the front TPCL due to plasmonic heating depins and extends the front TPCL, followed by the advancement of the trailing TPCL to resume a spherical bubble shape to minimize surface energy. The continuous TPCL drying during bubble movement also enables well-defined contact line deposition of NP clusters along the moving path. Our finding is beneficial to various microfluidics and pattern writing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiushi Zhang
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering , University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame , Indiana 46556 , United States
| | - Yunsong Pang
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering , University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame , Indiana 46556 , United States
| | - Jarrod Schiffbauer
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering , University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame , Indiana 46556 , United States
- Department of Physics , Colorado Mesa University , Grand Junction , Colorado 81501 , United States
| | - Aleksandar Jemcov
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering , University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame , Indiana 46556 , United States
| | - Hsueh-Chia Chang
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering , University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame , Indiana 46556 , United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame , Indiana 46556 , United States
| | - Eungkyu Lee
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering , University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame , Indiana 46556 , United States
| | - Tengfei Luo
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering , University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame , Indiana 46556 , United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame , Indiana 46556 , United States
- Center for Sustainable Energy of Notre Dame (ND Energy) , University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame , Indiana 46556 , United States
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11
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Nozawa T, Brumby PE, Ayuba S, Yasuoka K. Ordering in clusters of uniaxial anisotropic particles during homogeneous nucleation and growth. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:054903. [PMID: 30736692 DOI: 10.1063/1.5064410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Nozawa
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Paul E. Brumby
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Sho Ayuba
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Kenji Yasuoka
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
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13
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Okamoto K, Fuchizaki K. An effective way to determine the melting curve. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2017.1387657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuma Okamoto
- Department of Physics, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Fuchizaki
- Department of Physics, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
- The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
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14
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Tuck AF. Proposed Empirical Entropy and Gibbs Energy Based on Observations of Scale Invariance in Open Nonequilibrium Systems. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:6620-6629. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b03112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian F Tuck
- Visiting Professor, Physics
Department, Imperial College London, London, U.K
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15
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Wu YT, Adnan A. Effect of Shock-Induced Cavitation Bubble Collapse on the damage in the Simulated Perineuronal Net of the Brain. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5323. [PMID: 28706307 PMCID: PMC5509702 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05790-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to conduct modeling and simulation to understand the effect of shock-induced mechanical loading, in the form of cavitation bubble collapse, on damage to the brain's perineuronal nets (PNNs). It is known that high-energy implosion due to cavitation collapse is responsible for corrosion or surface damage in many mechanical devices. In this case, cavitation refers to the bubble created by pressure drop. The presence of a similar damage mechanism in biophysical systems has long being suspected but not well-explored. In this paper, we use reactive molecular dynamics (MD) to simulate the scenario of a shock wave induced cavitation collapse within the perineuronal net (PNN), which is the near-neuron domain of a brain's extracellular matrix (ECM). Our model is focused on the damage in hyaluronan (HA), which is the main structural component of PNN. We have investigated the roles of cavitation bubble location, shockwave intensity and the size of a cavitation bubble on the structural evolution of PNN. Simulation results show that the localized supersonic water hammer created by an asymmetrical bubble collapse may break the hyaluronan. As such, the current study advances current knowledge and understanding of the connection between PNN damage and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Ting Wu
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, the University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, 76010, USA
| | - Ashfaq Adnan
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, the University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, 76010, USA.
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16
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Black KJ, Lock AT, Thomson LM, Cole AR, Tang X, Polizzotti BD, Kheir JN. Hemodynamic Effects of Lipid-Based Oxygen Microbubbles via Rapid Intravenous Injection in Rodents. Pharm Res 2017; 34:2156-2162. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-017-2222-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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17
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Huynh SH, Muradoglu M, Yu Y, Ng TW. Captive bubble nucleation, growth, and detachment on plastrons under reduced pressure. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2016.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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Abstract
A continuous supply of oxygen to tissues is vital to life and interruptions in its delivery are poorly tolerated. The treatment of low-blood oxygen tensions requires restoration of functional airways and lungs. Unfortunately, severe oxygen deprivation carries a high mortality rate and can make otherwise-survivable illnesses unsurvivable. Thus, an effective and rapid treatment for hypoxemia would be revolutionary. The i.v. injection of oxygen bubbles has recently emerged as a potential strategy to rapidly raise arterial oxygen tensions. In this report, we describe the fabrication of a polymer-based intravascular oxygen delivery agent. Polymer hollow microparticles (PHMs) are thin-walled, hollow polymer microcapsules with tunable nanoporous shells. We show that PHMs are easily charged with oxygen gas and that they release their oxygen payload only when exposed to desaturated blood. We demonstrate that oxygen release from PHMs is diffusion-controlled, that they deliver approximately five times more oxygen gas than human red blood cells (per gram), and that they are safe and effective when injected in vivo. Finally, we show that PHMs can be stored at room temperature under dry ambient conditions for at least 2 mo without any effect on particle size distribution or gas carrying capacity.
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19
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Watanabe H, Inaoka H, Ito N. Ripening kinetics of bubbles: A molecular dynamics study. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:124707. [PMID: 27782671 DOI: 10.1063/1.4963160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The ripening kinetics of bubbles is studied by performing molecular dynamics simulations. From the time evolution of a system, the growth rates of individual bubbles are determined. At low temperatures, the system exhibits a t1/2 law and the growth rate is well described by classical Lifshitz-Slyozov-Wagner (LSW) theory for the reaction-limited case. This is direct evidence that the bubble coarsening at low temperatures is reaction-limited. At high temperatures, although the system exhibits a t1/3 law, which suggests that it is diffusion-limited, the accuracy of the growth rate is insufficient to determine whether the form is consistent with the prediction of LSW theory for the diffusion-limited case. The gas volume fraction dependence of the coarsening behavior is also studied. Although the behavior of the system at low temperatures has little sensitivity to the gas volume fraction up to 10%, at high temperatures it deviates from the prediction of LSW theory for the diffusion-limited case as the gas volume fraction increases. These results show that the mean-field-like treatment is valid for a reaction-limited system even with a finite volume fraction, while it becomes inappropriate for a diffusion-limited system since classical LSW theory for the diffusion-limited case is valid at the dilute limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Watanabe
- The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwanoha 5-1-5, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Hajime Inaoka
- Advanced Institute for Computational Science, RIKEN, 7-1-26, Minatojima-minami-machi, Chuo-ku, Kobe Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Nobuyasu Ito
- Advanced Institute for Computational Science, RIKEN, 7-1-26, Minatojima-minami-machi, Chuo-ku, Kobe Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
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Thomson LM, Seekell RP, McGowan FX, Kheir JN, Polizzotti BD. Freeze-thawing at point-of-use to extend shelf stability of lipid-based oxygen microbubbles for intravenous oxygen delivery. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2016.03.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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