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Ress L, Malý P, Landgraf JB, Lindorfer D, Hofer M, Selby J, Lambert C, Renger T, Brixner T. Time-resolved circular dichroism of excitonic systems: theory and experiment on an exemplary squaraine polymer. Chem Sci 2023; 14:9328-9349. [PMID: 37712031 PMCID: PMC10498725 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01674a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Experimental and theoretical foundations for femtosecond time-resolved circular dichroism (TRCD) spectroscopy of excitonic systems are presented. In this method, the system is pumped with linearly polarized light and the signal is defined as the difference between the transient absorption spectrum probed with left and with right circularly polarized light. We present a new experimental setup with a polarization grating as key element to generate circularly polarized pulses. Herein the positive (negative) first order of the diffracted light is left-(right-)circularly polarized and serves as a probe pulse in a TRCD experiment. The grating is capable of transferring ultrashort broadband pulses ranging from 470 nm to 720 nm into two separate beams with opposite ellipticity. By applying a specific chopping scheme we can switch between left and right circular polarizations and detect transient absorption (TA) and TRCD spectra on a shot-to-shot basis simultaneously. We perform experiments on a squaraine polymer, investigating excitonic dynamics, and we develop a general theory for TRCD experiments of excitonically coupled systems that we then apply to describe the experimental data in this particular example. At a magic angle of 54.7° between the pump-pulse polarization and the propagation direction of the probe pulse, the TRCD and TA signals become particularly simple to analyze, since the orientational average over random orientations of complexes factorizes into that of the interaction with the pump and the probe pulse, and the intrinsic electric quadrupole contributions to the TRCD signal average to zero for isotropic samples. Application of exciton theory to linear absorption and to linear circular dichroism spectra of squaraine polymers reveals the presence of two fractions of polymer conformations, a dominant helical conformation with close interpigment distances that are suggested to lead to short-range contributions to site energy shifts and excitonic couplings of the squaraine molecules, and a fraction of unfolded random coils. Theory demonstrates that TRCD spectra of selectively excited helices can resolve state populations that are practically invisible in TA spectroscopy due to the small dipole strength of these states. A qualitative interpretation of TRCD and TA spectra in the spectral window investigated experimentally is offered. The 1 ps time component found in these spectra is related to the slow part of exciton relaxation obtained between states of the helix in the low-energy half of the exciton manifold. The dominant 140 ps time constant reflects the decay of excited states to the electronic ground state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Ress
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Pavel Malý
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University Ke Karlovu 5 121 16 Praha 2 Czech Republic
| | - Jann B Landgraf
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), Universität Freiburg Georges-Köhler-Allee 105 79110 Freiburg Germany
| | - Dominik Lindorfer
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Johannes Kepler Universität Linz Altenberger Str. 69 4040 Linz Austria
| | - Michael Hofer
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Johannes Kepler Universität Linz Altenberger Str. 69 4040 Linz Austria
| | - Joshua Selby
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Christoph Lambert
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Thomas Renger
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Johannes Kepler Universität Linz Altenberger Str. 69 4040 Linz Austria
| | - Tobias Brixner
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg Theodor-Boveri-Weg 97074 Würzburg Germany
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2
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Changenet P, Hache F. Artifact-free balanced detection for the measurement of circular dichroism with a sub-picosecond time resolution. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:21296-21310. [PMID: 37381232 DOI: 10.1364/oe.489468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Here we present the development of a subpicosecond spectropolarimeter enabling high sensitivity balanced detection of time-resolved circular dichroism (TRCD) signals from chiral sample in solution. The signals are measured with a conventional femtosecond pump-probe set-up using the combination of a quarter-waveplate and a Wollaston prism. This simple and robust method allows access to TRCD signals with improved signal-to-noise ratio and very short acquisition times. We provide a theoretical analysis of the artifacts of such detection geometry and the strategy to eliminate them. We illustrate the potential of this new detection with the study of the [Ru(phen)3]·2PF6 complexes in acetonitrile.
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3
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Tapavicza E, Reutershan T, Thompson T. Ab Initio Simulation of the Ultrafast Circular Dichroism Spectrum of Provitamin D Ring-Opening. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:5061-5068. [PMID: 37227143 PMCID: PMC10240533 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We present a method to simulate ultrafast pump-probe time-resolved circular dichroism (TRCD) spectra based on time-dependent density functional theory trajectory surface hopping. The method is applied to simulate the TRCD spectrum along the photoinduced ring-opening of provitamin D. Simulations reveal that the initial decay of the signal is due to excited state relaxation, forming the rotationally flexible previtamin D. We further show that oscillations in the experimental TRCD spectrum arise from isomerizations between previtamin D rotamers with different chirality, which are associated with the helical conformation of the triene unit. We give a detailed description of the formation dynamics of different rotamers, playing a key role in the natural regulation of vitamin D photosynthesis. Going beyond the sole extraction of decay rates, simulations greatly increase the amount of information that can be retrieved from ultrafast TRCD, making it a sensitive tool to unravel details in the subpicosecond dynamics of photoinduced chirality changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Tapavicza
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Long Beach, 1250 Bellflower Boulevard, Long Beach, California 90840, United States
| | - Trevor Reutershan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Long Beach, 1250 Bellflower Boulevard, Long Beach, California 90840, United States
| | - Travis Thompson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Long Beach, 1250 Bellflower Boulevard, Long Beach, California 90840, United States
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4
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Monti M, Stener M, Coccia E. Electronic circular dichroism from real-time propagation in state space. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:084102. [PMID: 36859092 DOI: 10.1063/5.0136392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we propose to compute the electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra of chiral molecules using a real-time propagation of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation (TDSE) in the space of electronic field-free eigenstates, by coupling TDSE with a given treatment of the electronic structure of the target. The time-dependent induced magnetic moment is used to compute the ECD spectrum from an explicit electric perturbation. The full matrix representing the transition magnetic moment in the space of electronic states is generated from that among pairs of molecular orbitals. In the present work, we show the ECD spectra of methyloxirane, of several conformers of L-alanine, and of the Λ-Co(acac)3 complex, computed from a singly excited ansatz of time-dependent density functional theory eigenstates. The time-domain ECD spectra properly reproduce the frequency-domain ones obtained in the linear-response regime and quantitatively agree with the available experimental data. Moreover, the time-domain approach to ECD allows us to naturally go beyond the ground-state rotationally averaged ECD spectrum, which is the standard outcome of the linear-response theory, e.g., by computing the ECD spectra from electronic excited states.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Monti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - M Stener
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - E Coccia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
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5
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Biswas S, Kim J, Zhang X, Scholes GD. Coherent Two-Dimensional and Broadband Electronic Spectroscopies. Chem Rev 2022; 122:4257-4321. [PMID: 35037757 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, coherent broadband spectroscopy has been widely used to improve our understanding of ultrafast processes (e.g., photoinduced electron transfer, proton transfer, and proton-coupled electron transfer reactions) at femtosecond resolution. The advances in femtosecond laser technology along with the development of nonlinear multidimensional spectroscopy enabled further insights into ultrafast energy transfer and carrier relaxation processes in complex biological and material systems. New discoveries and interpretations have led to improved design principles for optimizing the photophysical properties of various artificial systems. In this review, we first provide a detailed theoretical framework of both coherent broadband and two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES). We then discuss a selection of experimental approaches and considerations of 2DES along with best practices for data processing and analysis. Finally, we review several examples where coherent broadband and 2DES were employed to reveal mechanisms of photoinitiated ultrafast processes in molecular, biological, and material systems. We end the review with a brief perspective on the future of the experimental techniques themselves and their potential to answer an even greater range of scientific questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somnath Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08 544, United States
| | - JunWoo Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08 544, United States
| | - Xinzi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08 544, United States
| | - Gregory D Scholes
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08 544, United States
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6
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Morgenroth M, Scholz M, Cho MJ, Choi DH, Oum K, Lenzer T. Mapping the broadband circular dichroism of copolymer films with supramolecular chirality in time and space. Nat Commun 2022; 13:210. [PMID: 35017508 PMCID: PMC8752614 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27886-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Measurements of the electronic circular dichroism (CD) are highly sensitive to the absolute configuration and conformation of chiral molecules and supramolecular assemblies and have therefore found widespread application in the chemical and biological sciences. Here, we demonstrate an approach to simultaneously follow changes in the CD and absorption response of photoexcited systems over the ultraviolet-visible spectral range with 100 fs time resolution. We apply the concept to chiral polyfluorene copolymer thin films and track their electronic relaxation in detail. The transient CD signal stems from the supramolecular response of the system and provides information regarding the recovery of the electronic ground state. This allows for a quantification of singlet-singlet annihilation and charge-pair formation processes. Spatial mapping of chiral domains on femtosecond time scales with a resolution of 50 μm and diffraction-limited steady-state imaging of the circular dichroism and the circularly polarised luminescence (CPL) of the films is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Morgenroth
- Department Chemistry and Biology, Physical Chemistry 2, Faculty IV: School of Science and Technology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57068, Siegen, Germany
| | - Mirko Scholz
- Department Chemistry and Biology, Physical Chemistry 2, Faculty IV: School of Science and Technology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57068, Siegen, Germany
| | - Min Ju Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Kawon Oum
- Department Chemistry and Biology, Physical Chemistry 2, Faculty IV: School of Science and Technology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57068, Siegen, Germany.
| | - Thomas Lenzer
- Department Chemistry and Biology, Physical Chemistry 2, Faculty IV: School of Science and Technology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57068, Siegen, Germany.
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7
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Sutcliffe J, Johansson JO. A femtosecond magnetic circular dichroism spectrometer. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2021; 92:113001. [PMID: 34852523 DOI: 10.1063/5.0064460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We describe the development of a broadband magneto-optical spectrometer with femtosecond temporal resolution. The absorption spectrometer is based on a white-light supercontinuum (∼320 to 750 nm) using shot-to-shot temporal and spectral referencing at 1 kHz. Static and transient absorption spectra using circularly polarized light are collected in a magnetic field. The difference spectra with respect to the external field direction give the static and transient magneto-optical Faraday rotation (magnetic optical rotary dispersion) and ellipticity (magnetic circular dichroism) spectra. An achromatic quarter-wave plate is used, and the impact of the deviation from ideal retardance on the spectra is discussed. Results from solution-based and thin-film samples are used to demonstrate the performance and wide applicability of the instrument. The sensitivities for the static and time-resolved data were found to be 5 and 0.4 mdeg, respectively. The method presents a simple way to measure magneto-optical spectra using a transient absorption spectrometer and an electromagnet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake Sutcliffe
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - J Olof Johansson
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
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8
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Hache F, Changenet P. Multiscale conformational dynamics probed by time-resolved circular dichroism from seconds to picoseconds. Chirality 2021; 33:747-757. [PMID: 34523161 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Time-resolved circular dichroism has been developed for a few decades to investigate rapid conformational changes in (bio)molecules. In our group, we have come up with several experimental set-ups allowing us to study pico-nanosecond local phenomena in molecular systems as well as much slower effects occurring in proteins and DNA in the folding processes. After an overview of the worldwide realizations in this domain, we present emblematic experiments that we have carried out, spanning time domain from picoseconds to seconds.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Hache
- Optics and Biosciences Laboratory, CNRS, INSERM, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France
| | - Pascale Changenet
- Optics and Biosciences Laboratory, CNRS, INSERM, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France
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9
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Ghosh S, Herink G, Perri A, Preda F, Manzoni C, Polli D, Cerullo G. Broadband Optical Activity Spectroscopy with Interferometric Fourier-Transform Balanced Detection. ACS PHOTONICS 2021; 8:2234-2242. [PMID: 34476287 PMCID: PMC8377715 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.0c01866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Spectrally resolved measurements of optical activity, such as circular dichroism (CD) and optical rotatory dispersion (ORD), are powerful tools to study chiroptical properties of (bio)molecular and nanoplasmonic systems. The wider utilization of these techniques, however, has been impeded by the bulky and slow design of conventional spectropolarimeters, which have been limited to a narrowband scanning approach for more than 50 years. In this work, we demonstrate broadband measurements of optical activity by combining a balanced detection scheme with interferometric Fourier-transform spectroscopy. The setup utilizes a linearly polarized light field that creates an orthogonally polarized weak chiral free-induction-decay field, along with a phase-locked achiral transmitted signal, which serves as the local oscillator for heterodyne amplification. By scanning the delay between the two fields with a birefringent common-path interferometer and recording their interferogram with a balanced detector that measures polarization rotation, broadband CD and ORD spectra are retrieved simultaneously with a Fourier transform. Using an incoherent thermal light source, we achieve state-of-the-art sensitivity for CD and ORD across a broad wavelength range in a remarkably simple setup. We further demonstrate the potential of our technique for highly sensitive measurements of glucose concentration and the real-time monitoring of ground-state chemical reactions. The setup also accepts broadband pulses and will be suitable for broadband transient optical activity spectroscopy and broadband optical activity imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumen Ghosh
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Georg Herink
- Experimental
Physics VIII, University of Bayreuth, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Antonio Perri
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milano, Italy
- NIREOS
S.R.L., Via G. Durando
39, 20158 Milano, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Preda
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milano, Italy
- NIREOS
S.R.L., Via G. Durando
39, 20158 Milano, Italy
| | - Cristian Manzoni
- Istituto
di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie (IFN)−CNR, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Dario Polli
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milano, Italy
- NIREOS
S.R.L., Via G. Durando
39, 20158 Milano, Italy
- Istituto
di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie (IFN)−CNR, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Giulio Cerullo
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milano, Italy
- NIREOS
S.R.L., Via G. Durando
39, 20158 Milano, Italy
- Istituto
di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie (IFN)−CNR, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milano, Italy
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10
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Scott M, Rehn DR, Norman P, Dreuw A. Ab Initio Excited-State Electronic Circular Dichroism Spectra Exploiting the Third-Order Algebraic-Diagrammatic Construction Scheme for the Polarization Propagator. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:5132-5137. [PMID: 34030439 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Excited-state rotatory strengths are reported for the first time at a correlated ab initio level, here with the algebraic diagrammatic construction scheme of the polarization propagator up to the third order. To demonstrate the capabilities of this computational approach, the gas phase S1 electronic circular dichroism spectra of the bicyclic ketones (1R)-camphor, (1R)-norcamphor, and (1R)-fenchone have been calculated at the ADC(3) level of theory. Furthermore, the solution excited-state spectra of the energetically lowest conformer of R-(+)-1,1'-bi(2-naphthol) have been computed with inclusion of a polarizable continuum model at the ADC(2) level of theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Scott
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Ruprecht-Karls University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dirk R Rehn
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Ruprecht-Karls University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patrick Norman
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Ruprecht-Karls University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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11
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Richter S, Rebarz M, Herrfurth O, Espinoza S, Schmidt-Grund R, Andreasson J. Broadband femtosecond spectroscopic ellipsometry. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2021; 92:033104. [PMID: 33820054 DOI: 10.1063/5.0027219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We present a setup for time-resolved spectroscopic ellipsometry in a pump-probe scheme using femtosecond laser pulses. As a probe, the system deploys supercontinuum white light pulses that are delayed with respect to single-wavelength pump pulses. A polarizer-sample-compensator-analyzer configuration allows ellipsometric measurements by scanning the compensator azimuthal angle. The transient ellipsometric parameters are obtained from a series of reflectance-difference spectra that are measured for various pump-probe delays and polarization (compensator) settings. The setup is capable of performing time-resolved spectroscopic ellipsometry from the near-infrared through the visible to the near-ultraviolet spectral range at 1.3 eV-3.6 eV. The temporal resolution is on the order of 100 fs within a delay range of more than 5 ns. We analyze and discuss critical aspects such as fluctuations of the probe pulses and imperfections of the polarization optics and present strategies deployed for circumventing related issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Richter
- ELI Beamlines/Fyzikální ústav AV ČR, v.v.i., Za Radnicí 835, 25241 Dolní Břežany, Czech Republic
| | - Mateusz Rebarz
- ELI Beamlines/Fyzikální ústav AV ČR, v.v.i., Za Radnicí 835, 25241 Dolní Břežany, Czech Republic
| | - Oliver Herrfurth
- Universität Leipzig, Felix-Bloch-Institut für Festkörperphysik, Linnéstr. 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Shirly Espinoza
- ELI Beamlines/Fyzikální ústav AV ČR, v.v.i., Za Radnicí 835, 25241 Dolní Břežany, Czech Republic
| | - Rüdiger Schmidt-Grund
- Universität Leipzig, Felix-Bloch-Institut für Festkörperphysik, Linnéstr. 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jakob Andreasson
- ELI Beamlines/Fyzikální ústav AV ČR, v.v.i., Za Radnicí 835, 25241 Dolní Břežany, Czech Republic
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12
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Nishiyama Y, Ishikawa S, Nagatani H. Phase-stable optical activity measurement by common-path spectral interferometry. OPTICS LETTERS 2020; 45:5868-5871. [PMID: 33057305 DOI: 10.1364/ol.405066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A robust optical activity (OA) spectrometer covering the visible and near-infrared regimes was designed and built via a combination of a linear polarizer and a birefringent plate. The OA spectrometer relies on common-path spectral interferometry, where the two interfering fields travel common optical paths, and ensures signal reproducibility over several hours. By detecting OA without polarization switching, the data acquisition time is shortened to 1 s, enabling real-time monitoring of the chiral complex formation. The present configuration also allows OA measurement with broadband pulses, which is promising for probing ultrafast circular dichroism and optical rotatory dispersion.
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13
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Zhou L, Tian L, Zhang WK. Experimental consideration of two-dimensional Fourier transform spectroscopy. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2020. [DOI: 10.1063/1674-0068/cjcp2007125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhou
- Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Center for Advanced Quantum Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Lie Tian
- Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Center for Advanced Quantum Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Wen-kai Zhang
- Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Center for Advanced Quantum Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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14
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Perlangeli M, Peli S, Soranzio D, Puntel D, Parmigiani F, Cilento F. Polarization-resolved broadband time-resolved optical spectroscopy for complex materials: application to the case of MoTe 2 polytypes. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:8819-8829. [PMID: 32225500 DOI: 10.1364/oe.385419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Time-resolved optical spectroscopy (TR-OS) has emerged as a fundamental spectroscopic tool for probing complex materials, to both investigate ground-state-related properties and trigger phase transitions among different states with peculiar electronic and lattice structures. We describe a versatile approach to perform polarization-resolved TR-OS measurements, by combining broadband detection with the capability to simultaneously probe two orthogonal polarization states. This method allows us to probe, with femtoseconds resolution, the frequency-resolved reflectivity or transmittivity variations along two mutually orthogonal directions, matching the principal axis of the crystal structure of the material under scrutiny. We report on the results obtained by acquiring the polarization-dependent transient reflectivity of two polytypes of the MoTe2 compound, with 2H and 1T' crystal structures. We reveal marked anisotropies in the time-resolved reflectivity signal of 1T'-MoTe2, which are connected to the crystal structure of the compound. Polarization- and time- resolved spectroscopic measurements can thus provide information about the nature and dynamics of both the electronic and crystal lattice subsystems, advancing the comprehension of their inter-dependence, in particular in the case of photoinduced phase transitions; in addition, they provide a broadband measurement of transient polarization rotations.
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15
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Auvray F, Dennetiere D, Giuliani A, Jamme F, Wien F, Nay B, Zirah S, Polack F, Menneglier C, Lagarde B, Hirst JD, Réfrégiers M. Time resolved transient circular dichroism spectroscopy using synchrotron natural polarization. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2019; 6:054307. [PMID: 31700943 PMCID: PMC6823104 DOI: 10.1063/1.5120346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) synchrotron radiation circular dichroism (SRCD) spectroscopy has made an important contribution to the determination and understanding of the structure of bio-molecules. In this paper, we report an innovative approach that we term time-resolved SRCD (tr-SRCD), which overcomes the limitations of current broadband UV SRCD setups. This technique allows accessing ultrafast time scales (down to nanoseconds), previously measurable only by other methods, such as infrared (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), fluorescence and absorbance spectroscopies, and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The tr-SRCD setup takes advantage of the natural polarization of the synchrotron radiation emitted by a bending magnet to record broadband UV CD faster than any current SRCD setup, improving the acquisition speed from 10 mHz to 130 Hz and the accessible temporal resolution by several orders of magnitude. We illustrate the new approach by following the isomer concentration changes of an azopeptide after a photoisomerization. This breakthrough in SRCD spectroscopy opens up a wide range of potential applications to the detailed characterization of biological processes, such as protein folding and protein-ligand binding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Dennetiere
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Gif-sur-Yvette 91192, France
| | | | - Frédéric Jamme
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Gif-sur-Yvette 91192, France
| | - Frank Wien
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Gif-sur-Yvette 91192, France
| | - Bastien Nay
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique, Ecole Polytechnique, ENSTA-ParisTech, CNRS, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Séverine Zirah
- Unité Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Microorganismes (MCAM), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Paris 75005, France
| | - François Polack
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Gif-sur-Yvette 91192, France
| | - Claude Menneglier
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Gif-sur-Yvette 91192, France
| | | | - Jonathan D. Hirst
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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Schmid M, Martinez-Fernandez L, Markovitsi D, Santoro F, Hache F, Improta R, Changenet P. Unveiling Excited-State Chirality of Binaphthols by Femtosecond Circular Dichroism and Quantum Chemical Calculations. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:4089-4094. [PMID: 31260627 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b00948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Time-resolved circular dichroism (TR-CD) is a powerful tool for probing conformational dynamics of biomolecules over large time scales that are crucial for establishing their structure-function relationship. However, such experiments, notably in the femtosecond regime, remain challenging due to their extremely weak signals, prone to polarization artifacts. By using binol and two bridged derivatives (PL1 and PL2) as chiral prototypes, we present here the first comprehensive study of this type in the middle UV, combining femtosecond TR-CD and quantum mechanical calculations (TD-DFT). We show that excitation of the three compounds induces large variations of their transient CD signals, in sharp contrast to those of their achiral transient absorption. We demonstrate that these variations arise from both the alteration of the electronic distribution and the dihedral angle in the excited state. These results highlight the great sensitivity of TR-CD detection to signals hardly accessible to achiral transient absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Schmid
- Laboratoire d'Optique et Biosciences, CNRS, INSERM , Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris , 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Lara Martinez-Fernandez
- LIDYL, CEA, CNRS , Université Paris-Saclay , F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette , France
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Modúlo13 , Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Excelencia UAM-CSIC, Cantoblanco , 28049 Madrid , Spain
| | - Dimitra Markovitsi
- LIDYL, CEA, CNRS , Université Paris-Saclay , F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette , France
| | - Fabrizio Santoro
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche , Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici, SS di Pisa, Area della Ricerca , via G. Moruzzi 1 , I-56124 Pisa , Italy
| | - François Hache
- Laboratoire d'Optique et Biosciences, CNRS, INSERM , Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris , 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Roberto Improta
- LIDYL, CEA, CNRS , Université Paris-Saclay , F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette , France
- Istituto Biostrutture e Bioimmagini , Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche , Via Mezzocannone 16 , I-80134 Napoli , Italy
| | - Pascale Changenet
- Laboratoire d'Optique et Biosciences, CNRS, INSERM , Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris , 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
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17
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Oppermann M, Spekowius J, Bauer B, Pfister R, Chergui M, Helbing J. Broad-Band Ultraviolet CD Spectroscopy of Ultrafast Peptide Backbone Conformational Dynamics. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:2700-2705. [PMID: 31059267 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b01253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The far-UV spectral window widely used for the conformational analysis of biomolecules is not easily covered with broad-band lasers. This has made it difficult to use circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy to directly follow fast structure changes. By combining transient CD spectroscopy in the deep-UV with thioamide substitution, we demonstrate a method to overcome this difficulty. We investigated a dipeptide whose two carbonyl oxygen atoms were replaced by sulfur, red-shifting the strong lowest-lying ππ* transitions into the more accessible 250-370 nm spectral window. Coupling of the two thioamide units cannot be resolved by achiral 2D-UV spectroscopy, but it gives rise to a pronounced bisignate CD spectrum. The transient CD spectra reveal weakening of this coupling in the electronically excited state, where conformational constraints are released. Our results show that direct local probing of fast backbone conformational change via CD spectroscopy is possible in combination with site-selective thio substitution in peptides and proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte Oppermann
- Laboratory of Ultrafast Spectroscopy, ISIC and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS) , École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , CH-1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Jasmin Spekowius
- Department of Chemistry , University of Zurich , Winterthurerstrasse 190 , CH-8057 Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Bauer
- Laboratory of Ultrafast Spectroscopy, ISIC and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS) , École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , CH-1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Rolf Pfister
- Department of Chemistry , University of Zurich , Winterthurerstrasse 190 , CH-8057 Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Majed Chergui
- Laboratory of Ultrafast Spectroscopy, ISIC and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS) , École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , CH-1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Jan Helbing
- Department of Chemistry , University of Zurich , Winterthurerstrasse 190 , CH-8057 Zürich , Switzerland
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18
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Kuronuma M, Sato T, Araki Y, Mori T, Sakamoto S, Inoue Y, Ito O, Wada T. Transient Circular Dichroism Measurement of the Excited Triplet State of Pristine Hexahelicene in Solution at Room Temperature. CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.190012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Kuronuma
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 1-1 Katahira 2, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Takehito Sato
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 1-1 Katahira 2, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Araki
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 1-1 Katahira 2, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Tadashi Mori
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduated School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-087, Japan
| | - Seiji Sakamoto
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 1-1 Katahira 2, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Inoue
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduated School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-087, Japan
| | - Osamu Ito
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 1-1 Katahira 2, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Takehiko Wada
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 1-1 Katahira 2, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
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Preda F, Perri A, Réhault J, Dutta B, Helbing J, Cerullo G, Polli D. Time-domain measurement of optical activity by an ultrastable common-path interferometer. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:1882-1885. [PMID: 29652389 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.001882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a novel configuration for the broadband measurement of the optical activity of molecules, combining time-domain detection with heterodyne amplification. A birefringent common-path polarization-division interferometer creates two phase-locked replicas of the input light with orthogonal polarization. The more intense replica interacts with the sample, producing a chiral free-induction decay field, which interferes with the other replica, acting as a time-delayed phase-coherent local oscillator. By recording the delay-dependent interferogram, we obtain by a Fourier transform both the circular dichroism and circular birefringence spectra. Our compact, low-cost setup accepts ultrashort light pulses, making it suitable for measurement of transient optical activity.
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20
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Stadnytskyi V, Orf GS, Blankenship RE, Savikhin S. Near shot-noise limited time-resolved circular dichroism pump-probe spectrometer. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2018; 89:033104. [PMID: 29604771 DOI: 10.1063/1.5009468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We describe an optical near shot-noise limited time-resolved circular dichroism (TRCD) pump-probe spectrometer capable of reliably measuring circular dichroism signals in the order of μdeg with nanosecond time resolution. Such sensitivity is achieved through a modification of existing TRCD designs and introduction of a new data processing protocol that eliminates approximations that have caused substantial nonlinearities in past measurements and allows the measurement of absorption and circular dichroism transients simultaneously with a single pump pulse. The exceptional signal-to-noise ratio of the described setup makes the TRCD technique applicable to a large range of non-biological and biological systems. The spectrometer was used to record, for the first time, weak TRCD kinetics associated with the triplet state energy transfer in the photosynthetic Fenna-Matthews-Olson antenna pigment-protein complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentyn Stadnytskyi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, USA
| | - Gregory S Orf
- Departments of Biology and Chemistry, Photosynthetic Antenna Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - Robert E Blankenship
- Departments of Biology and Chemistry, Photosynthetic Antenna Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - Sergei Savikhin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, USA
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21
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Steinbacher A, Hildenbrand H, Schott S, Buback J, Schmid M, Nuernberger P, Brixner T. Generating laser-pulse enantiomers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:21735-21752. [PMID: 29041468 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.021735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We present an optical setup capable of mirroring an arbitrary, potentially time-varying, polarization state of an ultrashort laser pulse. The incident beam is split up in two and the polarization of one beam is mirrored by reflection off a mirror in normal incidence. Afterwards, both beams are recombined in time and space such that two collinear ultrashort laser pulses with mutually mirrored polarization, i.e., laser-pulse enantiomers, leave the setup. We employ the Jones formalism to describe the function of the setup and analyze the influence of alignment errors before describing the experimental implementation and alignment protocol. Since no wave plates are utilized, broadband pulses in a large wavelength range can be processed. In particular, we show that the setup outperforms broadband achromatic wave plates. Furthermore, since the two beams travel separately through the optical system they can be blocked independently. This opens the possibility for circular dichroism, ellipsometry, and anisotropy spectroscopy with shot-to-shot chopping and detection schemes as well as chiral coherent control applications.
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22
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Kramer C, Schäferling M, Weiss T, Giessen H, Brixner T. Analytic Optimization of Near-Field Optical Chirality Enhancement. ACS PHOTONICS 2017; 4:396-406. [PMID: 28239617 PMCID: PMC5319396 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.6b00887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
We present an analytic derivation for the enhancement of local optical chirality in the near field of plasmonic nanostructures by tuning the far-field polarization of external light. We illustrate the results by means of simulations with an achiral and a chiral nanostructure assembly and demonstrate that local optical chirality is significantly enhanced with respect to circular polarization in free space. The optimal external far-field polarizations are different from both circular and linear. Symmetry properties of the nanostructure can be exploited to determine whether the optimal far-field polarization is circular. Furthermore, the optimal far-field polarization depends on the frequency, which results in complex-shaped laser pulses for broadband optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Kramer
- Institut
für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martin Schäferling
- 4th
Physics Institute, Research Center SCoPE, and Research Center SimTech, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Thomas Weiss
- 4th
Physics Institute, Research Center SCoPE, and Research Center SimTech, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Harald Giessen
- 4th
Physics Institute, Research Center SCoPE, and Research Center SimTech, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Tobias Brixner
- Institut
für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- E-mail:
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