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Fureraj I, Wega J, Balanikas E, Puji Pamungkas KK, Sakai N, Matile S, Vauthey E. Excitation-Wavelength-Dependent Photophysics of a Torsionally Disordered Push-Pull Dye. J Phys Chem Lett 2024:7857-7862. [PMID: 39052969 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c01840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
The torsional disorder of conjugated dyes in the electronic ground state can lead to inhomogeneous broadening of the S1 ←S0 absorption band, allowing for the selective photoexcitation of molecules with different amounts of distortion. Here, we investigate how this affects electronic transitions to upper excited states. We show that torsion of a core-alkynylated push-pull dye can have opposite effects on the oscillator strength of its lowest-energy transitions. Consequently, photoselection of planar and twisted molecules can be achieved by exciting in distinct absorption bands. Whereas this has limited effect in liquids due to fast planarization of the excited molecules, it strongly affects the overall photophysics in a polymeric environment, where torsional motion is hindered, allowing for the photoselection of molecules with different fluorescence quantum yields and intersystem-crossing dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Fureraj
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Wega
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Evangelos Balanikas
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Naomi Sakai
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Matile
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Eric Vauthey
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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2
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Lewińska G, Jeleń P, Kucia Z, Sitarz M, Walczak Ł, Szafraniak B, Sanetra J, Marszalek KW. CdSe/ZnS quantum dots as a booster in the active layer of distributed ternary organic photovoltaics. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 15:144-156. [PMID: 38317826 PMCID: PMC10840543 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.15.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Organic solar cells are a promising candidate for practical use because of their low material cost and simple production procedures. The challenge is selecting materials with the right properties and how they interrelate in the context of manufacturing the device. This paper presents studies on CdSe/ZnS nanodots as dopants in a polymer-fullerene matrix for application in organic solar cells. An assembly of poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) and 6,6-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester was used as the active reference layer. Absorption and luminescence spectra as well as the dispersion relations of refractive indices and extinction coefficient were investigated. The morphologies of the thin films were studied with atomic force microscopy. The chemical boundaries of the ternary layers were determined by Raman spectroscopy. Based on UPS studies, the energy diagram of the potential devices was determined. The resistivity of the layers was determined using impedance spectroscopy. Simulations (General-Purpose Photovoltaic Device Model) showed a performance improvement in the cells with quantum dots of 0.36-1.45% compared to those without quantum dots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Lewińska
- AGH University of Krakow, Institute of Electronics, 30 Mickiewicza Ave, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Piotr Jeleń
- AGH University of Krakow, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, Department of Silicate Chemistry and Macromolecular Compounds, 30 Mickiewicza Ave, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Zofia Kucia
- AGH University of Krakow, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, Department of Silicate Chemistry and Macromolecular Compounds, 30 Mickiewicza Ave, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Maciej Sitarz
- AGH University of Krakow, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, Department of Silicate Chemistry and Macromolecular Compounds, 30 Mickiewicza Ave, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Łukasz Walczak
- R&D Department, PREVAC sp. z o.o., Raciborska 61, 44-362 Rogów, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Szafraniak
- AGH University of Krakow, Institute of Electronics, 30 Mickiewicza Ave, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Jerzy Sanetra
- retired, formerly: Cracow University of Technology, Institute of Physics, ul. Podchorążych 1, 30-084 Kraków, Poland
| | - Konstanty W Marszalek
- AGH University of Krakow, Institute of Electronics, 30 Mickiewicza Ave, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
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3
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Alam KM, Garcia JC, Kiriakou MV, Chaulagain N, Vrushabendrakumar D, Cranston ED, Gusarov S, Kobryn AE, Shankar K. Enhanced luminescence sensing performance and increased intrachain order in blended films of P3HT and cellulose nanocrystals. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 34:205703. [PMID: 36787629 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/acbbd1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Blended films comprising poly(butyl acrylate) (PBA)-grafted cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT), exhibited more intense photoluminescence (PL) and longer PL emission lifetimes compared to pristine P3HT films. Optical absorption and photoluminescence spectra indicated reduced torsional disorder i.e. enhanced backbone planarity in the P3HT@CNC blended composites compared to the bare P3HT. Such molecule-level geometrical modification resulted in both smaller interchain and higher intrachain exciton bandwidth in the blended composites compared to the bare P3HT, because of reduced interchain interactions and enhanced intrachain order. These results indicate a potential switch of the aggregation behavior from dominant H-aggregates to J-aggregates, supported by Raman spectroscopy. The reorganization of micromolecular structure and concomitant macroscopic aggregation of the conjugated polymer chains resulted in a longer conjugation length for the P3HT@CNC blended composites compared to the bare P3HT. Additionally, this nanoscale morphological change produced a reduction in the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO)-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy gap of the blends, evidenced from optical absorption spectra. Classical molecular dynamics simulation studies predicted the probability of enhanced planarity in the polymer backbone following interactions with CNC surfaces. Theoretical results from density functional theory calculations corroborate the experimentally observed reduction of optical bandgap in the blends compared to bare P3HT. The blended composite outperformed the bare P3HT in nitro-group PL sensing tests with a pronounced difference in the reaction kinetics. While the PL quenching dynamics for bare P3HT followed Stern-Volmer kinetics, the P3HT@CNC blended composite exhibited a drastic deviation from the same. This work shows the potential of a functionalized rod-like biopolymer in tuning the optoelectronic properties of a technologically important polymeric organic semiconductor through control of the nanoscale morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazi M Alam
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 11421 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M9, Canada
| | - John C Garcia
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Michael V Kiriakou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Narendra Chaulagain
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Damini Vrushabendrakumar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Emily D Cranston
- Departments of Wood Science and Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z2, Canada
| | - Sergey Gusarov
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 11421 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M9, Canada
| | - Alexander E Kobryn
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 11421 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M9, Canada
| | - Karthik Shankar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
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4
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Ye S, Lotocki V, Xu H, Seferos DS. Group 16 conjugated polymers based on furan, thiophene, selenophene, and tellurophene. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:6442-6474. [PMID: 35843215 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00139j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Five-membered aromatic rings containing Group 16 elements (O, S, Se, and Te), also referred as chalcogenophenes, are ubiquitous building blocks for π-conjugated polymers (CPs). Among these, polythiophenes have been established as a model system to study the interplay between molecular structure, solid-state organization, and electronic performance. The judicious substitution of alternative heteroatoms into polythiophenes is a promising strategy for tuning their properties and improving the performance of derived organic electronic devices, thus leading to the recent abundance of CPs containing furan, selenophene, and tellurophene. In this review, we first discuss the current status of Kumada, Negishi, Murahashi, Suzuki-Miyaura, and direct arylation polymerizations, representing the best routes to access well-defined chalcogenophene-containing homopolymers and copolymers. The self-assembly, optical, solid-state, and electronic properties of these polymers and their influence on device performance are then summarized. In addition, we highlight post-polymerization modifications as effective methods to transform polychalcogenophene backbones or side chains in ways that are unobtainable by direct polymerization. Finally, the major challenges and future outlook in this field are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyang Ye
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada.
| | - Victor Lotocki
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada.
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada.
| | - Dwight S Seferos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada. .,Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
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Impact of thickness of spin-coated P3HT thin films, over their optical and electronic properties. J Solid State Electrochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-021-05078-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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6
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Lewińska G, Jeleń P, Kanak J, Walczak Ł, Socha R, Sitarz M, Sanetra J, Marszałek KW. Investigation of Dye Dopant Influence on Electrooptical and Morphology Properties of Polymeric Acceptor Matrix Dedicated for Ternary Organic Solar Cells. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:4099. [PMID: 34883603 PMCID: PMC8658881 DOI: 10.3390/polym13234099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The publication presents the results of investigations of the influence of dye dopant on the electrooptical and morphology properties of a polymeric donor:acceptor mixture. Ternary thin films (polymer:dye:fullerene) were investigated for potential application as an active layer in organic solar cells. The aim of the research is to determine the effect of selected dye materials (dye D131, dye D149, dye D205, dye D358) on the three-component layer and their potential usefulness as an additional donor in ternary cells, based on P3HT donor and PC71BM acceptor. UV-vis spectroscopy studies were performed, and absorption and luminescence spectra were determined. Ellipsometry parameters for single dye and ternary layers have been measured. The analyses were performed using the Raman spectroscopy method, and the Raman spectra of the mixtures and single components have been determined. Organic layers were prepared and studied using scanning electron microscope and atomic force microscope. For dyes, ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies were carried out and the ternary system was presented and analyzed in terms of energy bands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Lewińska
- Faculty of Computer Science, Electronics and Telecommunication, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30 Mickiewicza Ave., 30059 Krakow, Poland; (J.K.); (K.W.M.)
| | - Piotr Jeleń
- Department of Silicate Chemistry and Macromolecular Compounds, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30059 Krakow, Poland; (P.J.); (M.S.)
| | - Jarosław Kanak
- Faculty of Computer Science, Electronics and Telecommunication, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30 Mickiewicza Ave., 30059 Krakow, Poland; (J.K.); (K.W.M.)
| | - Łukasz Walczak
- Science & Research Division, PREVAC sp. z o.o., Raciborska 61, 44362 Rogow, Poland;
| | - Robert Socha
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, 30239 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Maciej Sitarz
- Department of Silicate Chemistry and Macromolecular Compounds, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30059 Krakow, Poland; (P.J.); (M.S.)
| | | | - Konstanty Waldemar Marszałek
- Faculty of Computer Science, Electronics and Telecommunication, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30 Mickiewicza Ave., 30059 Krakow, Poland; (J.K.); (K.W.M.)
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7
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Marmolejo-Valencia AF, Mata-Pinzón Z, Dominguez L, Amador-Bedolla C. Atomistic simulations of bulk heterojunctions to evaluate the structural and packing properties of new predicted donors in OPVs. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:20315-20326. [PMID: 31495832 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp04041b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Organic photovoltaic materials (OPVs), with low cost and structure flexibility, are of great interest and importance for their application in solar cell device development. However, the optimization of new OPV structures and the study of the structure arrangements and packing morphologies when materials are blended takes time and consumes raw materials, thus theoretical models could be of considerable value. In this work, we performed molecular dynamics simulations of present OPVs to understand the morphological packing of the donor-acceptor (DA) phases and DA heterojunction during evaporation and annealing processes, following inter and intramolecular properties like frontier orbitals, π-π stacking, coordination, distances, angles, and aggregation. Our considered donor molecules were selected from already proved experimental studies and also from predicted optimal compounds, designed through high throughput studies. The acceptor molecule employed in all our studied systems was PCBM ([6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester). Furthermore, we also analyze the influence of including different lateral aliphatic chains on the structural properties of the resulting DA packing morphologies. Our results can guide the design of new OPVs and subsequent studies applying charge transport and charge separation models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés F Marmolejo-Valencia
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Coyoacán, CDMX 04510, Mexico.
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Lukose B, Bobbili SV, Clancy P. Factors affecting tacticity and aggregation of P3HT polymers in P3HT:PCBM blends. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2017.1303688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Binit Lukose
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Sai Vineeth Bobbili
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Paulette Clancy
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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Su YX, Zhang CZ, Song MX. Optical properties of (Z)-2-(2-phenylhydrazinylidene)acenaphthen-1(2H)-one: a potential electron donor in organic solar cells. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C-STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY 2017; 73:458-463. [PMID: 28579567 DOI: 10.1107/s205322961700691x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Electron-donating molecules play an important role in the development of organic solar cells. (Z)-2-(2-Phenylhydrazinylidene)acenaphthen-1(2H)-one (PDAK), C18H12N2O, was synthesized by a Schiff base reaction. The crystal structure shows that the molecules are planar and are linked together forming `face-to-face' assemblies held together by intermolecular C-H...O, π-π and C-H...π interactions. PDAK exhibits a broadband UV-Vis absorption (200-648 nm) and a low HOMO-LUMO energy gap (1.91 eV; HOMO is the highest occupied molecular orbital and LUMO is the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital), while fluorescence quenching experiments provide evidence for electron transfer from the excited state of PDAK to C60. This suggests that the title molecule may be a suitable donor for use in organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xiao Su
- CICAEET, Department of Chemistry, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Zhi Zhang
- CICAEET, Department of Chemistry, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Xia Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of AEMPC, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, People's Republic of China
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Li SB, Geng Y, Duan YA, Sun GY, Zhang M, Qiu YQ, Su ZM. Theoretical study on the charge transfer mechanism at donor/acceptor interface: Why TTF/TCNQ is inadaptable to photovoltaics? J Chem Phys 2016; 145:244705. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4972005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang-Bao Li
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yun Geng
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-Ai Duan
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guang-Yan Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Zhang
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong-Qing Qiu
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Min Su
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, People’s Republic of China
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