1
|
Lan J, Chergui M, Pasquarello A. Dynamics of the charge transfer to solvent process in aqueous iodide. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2544. [PMID: 38514610 PMCID: PMC11258362 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46772-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Charge-transfer-to-solvent states in aqueous halides are ideal systems for studying the electron-transfer dynamics to the solvent involving a complex interplay between electronic excitation and solvent polarization. Despite extensive experimental investigations, a full picture of the charge-transfer-to-solvent dynamics has remained elusive. Here, we visualise the intricate interplay between the dynamics of the electron and the solvent polarization occurring in this process. Through the combined use of ab initio molecular dynamics and machine learning methods, we investigate the structure, dynamics and free energy as the excited electron evolves through the charge-transfer-to-solvent process, which we characterize as a sequence of states denoted charge-transfer-to-solvent, contact-pair, solvent-separated, and hydrated electron states, depending on the distance between the iodine and the excited electron. Our assignment of the charge-transfer-to-solvent states is supported by the good agreement between calculated and measured vertical binding energies. Our results reveal the charge transfer process in terms of the underlying atomic processes and mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinggang Lan
- Chaire de Simulation à l'Echelle Atomique (CSEA), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY, 10003, USA.
- Simons Center for Computational Physical Chemistry at New York University, New York, NY, 10003, USA.
| | - Majed Chergui
- Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), ISIC, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste, Area Science Park I - 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Alfredo Pasquarello
- Chaire de Simulation à l'Echelle Atomique (CSEA), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tal A, Bischoff T, Pasquarello A. Absolute energy levels of liquid water from many-body perturbation theory with effective vertex corrections. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2311472121. [PMID: 38427604 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2311472121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate the importance of addressing the Γ vertex and thus going beyond the GW approximation for achieving the energy levels of liquid water in many-body perturbation theory. In particular, we consider an effective vertex function in both the polarizability and the self-energy, which does not produce any computational overhead compared with the GW approximation. We yield the band gap, the ionization potential, and the electron affinity in good agreement with experiment and with a hybrid functional description. The achieved electronic structure and dielectric screening further lead to a good description of the optical absorption spectrum, as obtained through the solution of the Bethe-Salpeter equation. In particular, the experimental peak position of the exciton is accurately reproduced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Tal
- Chaire de Simulation à l'Echelle Atomique, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Bischoff
- Chaire de Simulation à l'Echelle Atomique, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Alfredo Pasquarello
- Chaire de Simulation à l'Echelle Atomique, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Huang H, Xue L, Bu Y. Multifunctional Roles of Clathrate Hydrate Nanoreactors for CO 2 Reduction. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302253. [PMID: 37580312 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we explore a possible platform for the CO2 reduction (CO2 R) in one of water's solid phases, namely clathrate hydrates (CHs), by ab initio molecular dynamics and well-tempered metadynamics simulations with periodic boundary conditions. We found that the stacked H2 O nanocages in CHs help to initialize CO2 R by increasing the electron-binding ability of CO2 . The substantial CO2 R processes are further influenced by the hydrogen bond networks in CHs. The first intermediate CO2 - in this process can be stabilized through cage structure reorganization into the H-bonded [CO2 - ⋅⋅⋅H-OHcage ] complex. Further cooperative structural dynamics enables the complex to convert into a vital transient [CO2 2- ⋅⋅⋅H-OHcage ] intermediate in a low-barrier disproportionation-like process. Such a highly reactive intermediate spontaneously triggers subsequent double proton transfer along its tethering H-bonds, finally converting it into HCOOH. These hydrogen-bonded nanoreactors feature multiple functions in facilitating CO2 R such as confining, tethering, H-bond catalyzing and proton pumping. Our findings have a general interest and extend the knowledge of CO2 R into porous aqueous systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haibei Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Lijuan Xue
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Yuxiang Bu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Reshetnyak I, Lorin A, Pasquarello A. Many-body screening effects in liquid water. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2705. [PMID: 37169764 PMCID: PMC10175292 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38420-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The screening arising from many-body excitations is a crucial quantity for describing absorption and inelastic X-ray scattering (IXS) of materials. Similarly, the electron screening plays a critical role in state-of-the-art approaches for determining the fundamental band gap. However, ab initio studies of the screening in liquid water have remained limited. Here, we use a combined analysis based on the Bethe-Salpeter equation and time-dependent density functional theory. We first show that absorption spectra at near-edge energies are insufficient to assess the accuracy by which the screening is described. Next, when the energy range under scrutiny is extended, we instead find that the IXS spectra are highly sensitive and allow for the selection of the optimal theoretical scheme. This leads to good agreement with experiment over a large range of transferred energies and momenta, and enables establishing the elusive fundamental band gap of liquid water at 9.3 eV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Igor Reshetnyak
- Chaire de Simulation à l'Echelle Atomique (CSEA), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Arnaud Lorin
- Chaire de Simulation à l'Echelle Atomique (CSEA), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alfredo Pasquarello
- Chaire de Simulation à l'Echelle Atomique (CSEA), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Huang H, Xue L, Lu G, Cheng S, Bu Y. Hydrated electrons as nodes in porous clathrate hydrates. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:114504. [PMID: 36948798 DOI: 10.1063/5.0135335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigate the structures of hydrated electrons (e- aq) in one of water's solid phases, namely, clathrate hydrates (CHs). Using density functional theory (DFT) calculations, DFT-based ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD), and path-integral AIMD simulations with periodic boundary conditions, we find that the structure of the e- aq@node model is in good agreement with the experiment, suggesting that an e- aq could form a node in CHs. The node is a H2O defect in CHs that is supposed to be composed of four unsaturated hydrogen bonds. Since CHs are porous crystals that possess cavities that can accommodate small guest molecules, we expect that these guest molecules can be used to tailor the electronic structure of the e- aq@node, and it leads to experimentally observed optical absorption spectra of CHs. Our findings have a general interest and extend the knowledge of e- aq into porous aqueous systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haibei Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijuan Xue
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Shibo Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxiang Bu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Maleki F, Di Liberto G, Pacchioni G. pH- and Facet-Dependent Surface Chemistry of TiO 2 in Aqueous Environment from First Principles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:11216-11224. [PMID: 36786774 PMCID: PMC9982820 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c19273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
TiO2 is a relevant catalytic material, and its chemistry in aqueous environment is a challenging aspect to address. Also, the morphology of TiO2 particles at the nanoscale is often complex, spanning from faceted to spherical. In this work, we study the pH- and facet-dependent surface chemistry of TiO2/water interfaces by performing ab initio molecular dynamics simulations with the grand canonical formulation of species in solution. We first determined the acid-base equilibrium constants at the interface, which allows us to estimate the pH at the point of zero charge, an important experimental observable. Then, based on simulated equilibrium constants, we predict the amount of H+, OH-, and adsorbed H2O species present on the surfaces as a function of the pH, a relevant aspect for water splitting semi-reactions. We approximated the complex morphology of TiO2 particles by considering the rutile (110) and (011), and anatase (101), (001), and (100) surfaces.
Collapse
|
7
|
Di Liberto G, Giordano L. Role of solvation model on the stability of oxygenates on Pt(111): A comparison between microsolvation, extended bilayer, and extended metal/water interface. ELECTROCHEMICAL SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/elsa.202100204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Livia Giordano
- Department of Materials Science University of Milano‐Bicocca Milano Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Carter-Fenk K, Johnson BA, Herbert JM, Schenter GK, Mundy CJ. Birth of the Hydrated Electron via Charge-Transfer-to-Solvent Excitation of Aqueous Iodide. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:870-878. [PMID: 36657160 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A primary means to generate hydrated electrons in laboratory experiments is excitation to the charge-transfer-to-solvent (CTTS) state of a solute such as I-(aq), but this initial step in the genesis of e-(aq) has never been simulated directly using ab initio molecular dynamics. We report the first such simulations, combining ground- and excited-state simulations of I-(aq) with a detailed analysis of fluctuations in the Coulomb potential experienced by the nascent solvated electron. What emerges is a two-step picture of the evolution of e-(aq) starting from the CTTS state: I-(aq) + hν → I-*(aq) → I•(aq) + e-(aq). Notably, the equilibrated ground state of e-(aq) evolves from I-*(aq) without any nonadiabatic transitions, simply as a result of solvent reorganization. The methodology used here should be applicable to other photochemical electron transfer processes in solution, an important class of problems directly relevant to photocatalysis and energy transfer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Carter-Fenk
- Physical Science Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington99352, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California94720, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio43210, United States
| | - Britta A Johnson
- Physical Science Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington99352, United States
| | - John M Herbert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio43210, United States
| | - Gregory K Schenter
- Physical Science Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington99352, United States
| | - Christopher J Mundy
- Physical Science Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington99352, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington98195, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ambrosio F, Capobianco A, Landi A, Pizza T, Peluso A. Is a thin mechanism appropriate for aromatic nitration? Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:2359-2365. [PMID: 36598043 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp05176a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of toluene nitration by NO2BF4 in dichloromethane solution is investigated by performing advanced ab initio MD simulations of the reaction trajectories, including at full quantum mechanical level the effects of both the solvent and of the counterion. The time evolution of the encounter complex, as well as that of the associated electronic structure, for different trajectories reveals that a single electron transfer step fastly occurs after reactants are accommodated in a common solvation shell, always preceding the formation of the σ-complex. The present results strongly suggest that the regioselectivity of the reaction is spin-density driven and that a thin mechanism, one based on reaction intermediates and transition states, can be appropriate to describe aromatic nitration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Ambrosio
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano, 10 - 85100 Potenza (PZ), Italy. .,Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia Adolfo Zambelli, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, I-84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy.
| | - Amedeo Capobianco
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia Adolfo Zambelli, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, I-84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy.
| | - Alessandro Landi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia Adolfo Zambelli, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, I-84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy.
| | - Teodoro Pizza
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia Adolfo Zambelli, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, I-84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy. .,Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, via Elce di Sotto, 8, 06123 Perugia (PG), Italy
| | - Andrea Peluso
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia Adolfo Zambelli, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, I-84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Medina-Llamas M, Speltini A, Profumo A, Panzarea F, Milella A, Fracassi F, Listorti A, Malavasi L. Preparation of Heterojunctions Based on Cs 3Bi 2Br 9 Nanocrystals and g-C 3N 4 Nanosheets for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:263. [PMID: 36678018 PMCID: PMC9866070 DOI: 10.3390/nano13020263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Heterojunctions based on metal halide perovskites (MHPs) are promising systems for the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). In this work, we coupled Cs3Bi2Br9 nanocrystals (NCs), obtained by wet ball milling synthesis, with g-C3N4 nanosheets (NSs), produced by thermal oxidation of bulk g-C3N4, in air. These methods are reproducible, inexpensive and easy to scale up. Heterojunctions with different loadings of Cs3Bi2Br9 NCs were fully characterised and tested for the HER. A relevant improvement of H2 production with respect to pristine carbon nitride was achieved at low NCs levels reaching values up to about 4600 µmol g-1 h-1. This work aims to provide insights into the synthesis of inexpensive and high-performing heterojunctions using MHP for photocatalytic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Medina-Llamas
- Unidad Académica Preparatoria, Plantel II, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98068, Mexico
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Andrea Speltini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonella Profumo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesca Panzarea
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari “Aldo Moro” via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonella Milella
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari “Aldo Moro” via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Fracassi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari “Aldo Moro” via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
- National Research Council, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Nanotechnology (CNR-NANOTEC), 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Andrea Listorti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari “Aldo Moro” via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Malavasi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Shirani J, Farraj SA, Yuan S, Bevan KH. First-principles redox energy estimates under the condition of satisfying the general form of Koopmans’ theorem: An atomistic study of aqueous iron. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:184110. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0098476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we explore the relative accuracy to which a hybrid functional, in the context of density functional theory, may predict redox properties under the constraint of satisfying the general form of Koopmans’ theorem. Taking aqueous iron as our model system within the framework of first-principles molecular dynamics, direct comparison between computed single-particle energies and experimental ionization data is assessed by both (1) tuning the degree of hybrid exchange, to satisfy the general form of Koopmans’ theorem, and (2) ensuring the application of finite-size corrections. These finite-size corrections are benchmarked through classical molecular dynamics calculations, extended to large atomic ensembles, for which good convergence is obtained in the large supercell limit. Our first-principles findings indicate that while precise quantitative agreement with experimental ionization data cannot always be attained for solvated systems, when satisfying the general form of Koopmans’ theorem via hybrid functionals, theoretically robust estimates of single-particle redox energies are most often arrived at by employing a total energy difference approach. That is, when seeking to employ a value of exact exchange that does not satisfy the general form of Koopmans’ theorem, but some other physical metric, the single-particle energy estimate that would most closely align with the general form of Koopmans’ theorem is obtained from a total energy difference approach. In this respect, these findings provide important guidance for the more general comparison of redox energies computed via hybrid functionals with experimental data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javad Shirani
- Division of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 0C5, Canada
| | - Sinan Abi Farraj
- Division of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 0C5, Canada
| | - Shuaishuai Yuan
- Division of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 0C5, Canada
| | - Kirk H. Bevan
- Division of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 0C5, Canada
- Centre for the Physics of Materials, Department of Physics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 2T8, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lyu S, Wiktor J, Pasquarello A. Oxygen Evolution at the BiVO 4–Water Interface: Mechanism of the Water Dehydrogenation Reaction. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c03331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sai Lyu
- Chaire de Simulation à l’Echelle Atomique (CSEA), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Julia Wiktor
- Chaire de Simulation à l’Echelle Atomique (CSEA), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alfredo Pasquarello
- Chaire de Simulation à l’Echelle Atomique (CSEA), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Park SJ, Schwartz BJ. Understanding the Temperature Dependence and Finite Size Effects in Ab Initio MD Simulations of the Hydrated Electron. J Chem Theory Comput 2022; 18:4973-4982. [PMID: 35834750 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The hydrated electron is of interest to both theorists and experimentalists as a paradigm solution-phase quantum system. Although the bulk of the theoretical work studying the hydrated electron is based on mixed quantum/classical (MQC) methods, recent advances in computer power have allowed several attempts to study this object using ab initio methods. The difficulty with employing ab initio methods for this system is that even with relatively inexpensive quantum chemistry methods such as density functional theory (DFT), such calculations are still limited to at most a few tens of water molecules and only a few picoseconds duration, leaving open the question as to whether the calculations are converged with respect to either system size or dynamical fluctuations. Moreover, the ab initio simulations of the hydrated electron that have been published to date have provided only limited analysis. Most works calculate the electron's vertical detachment energy, which can be compared to experiment, and occasionally the electronic absorption spectrum is also computed. Structural features, such as pair distribution functions, are rare in the literature, with the majority of the structural analysis being simple statements that the electron resides in a cavity, which are often based only on a small number of simulation snapshots. Importantly, there has been no ab initio work examining the temperature-dependent behavior of the hydrated electron, which has not been satisfactorily explained by MQC simulations. In this work, we attempt to remedy this situation by running DFT-based ab initio simulations of the hydrated electron as a function of both box size and temperature. We show that the calculated properties of the hydrated electron are not converged even with simulation sizes up to 128 water molecules and durations of several tens of picoseconds. The simulations show significant changes in the water coordination and solvation structure with box size. Our temperature-dependent simulations predict a red-shift of the absorption spectrum (computed using TD-DFT with an optimally tuned range-separated hybrid functional) with increasing temperature, but the magnitude of the predicted red-shift is larger than that observed experimentally, and the absolute position of the calculated spectra are off by over half an eV. The spectral red-shift at high temperatures is accompanied by both a partial loss of structure of the electron's central cavity and an increased radius of gyration that pushes electron density onto and beyond the first solvation shell. Overall, although ab initio simulations can provide some insights into the temperature-dependent behavior of the hydrated electron, the simulation sizes and level of quantum chemistry theory that are currently accessible are inadequate for correctly describing the experimental properties of this fascinating object.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanghyun J Park
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California,Los Angeles Los Angeles California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Benjamin J Schwartz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California,Los Angeles Los Angeles California 90095-1569, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhang C, Tang F, Chen M, Xu J, Zhang L, Qiu DY, Perdew JP, Klein ML, Wu X. Modeling Liquid Water by Climbing up Jacob's Ladder in Density Functional Theory Facilitated by Using Deep Neural Network Potentials. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:11444-11456. [PMID: 34533960 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c03884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Within the framework of Kohn-Sham density functional theory (DFT), the ability to provide good predictions of water properties by employing a strongly constrained and appropriately normed (SCAN) functional has been extensively demonstrated in recent years. Here, we further advance the modeling of water by building a more accurate model on the fourth rung of Jacob's ladder with the hybrid functional, SCAN0. In particular, we carry out both classical and Feynman path-integral molecular dynamics calculations of water with the SCAN0 functional and the isobaric-isothermal ensemble. To generate the equilibrated structure of water, a deep neural network potential is trained from the atomic potential energy surface based on ab initio data obtained from SCAN0 DFT calculations. For the electronic properties of water, a separate deep neural network potential is trained by using the Deep Wannier method based on the maximally localized Wannier functions of the equilibrated trajectory at the SCAN0 level. The structural, dynamic, and electric properties of water were analyzed. The hydrogen-bond structures, density, infrared spectra, diffusion coefficients, and dielectric constants of water, in the electronic ground state, are computed by using a large simulation box and long simulation time. For the properties involving electronic excitations, we apply the GW approximation within many-body perturbation theory to calculate the quasiparticle density of states and bandgap of water. Compared to the SCAN functional, mixing exact exchange mitigates the self-interaction error in the meta-generalized-gradient approximation and further softens liquid water toward the experimental direction. For most of the water properties, the SCAN0 functional shows a systematic improvement over the SCAN functional. However, some important discrepancies remain. The H-bond network predicted by the SCAN0 functional is still slightly overstructured compared to the experimental results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunyi Zhang
- Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Fujie Tang
- Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Mohan Chen
- HEDPS, Center for Applied Physics and Technology, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jianhang Xu
- Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Linfeng Zhang
- Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Diana Y Qiu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - John P Perdew
- Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Michael L Klein
- Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States.,Institute for Computational Molecular Science, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Xifan Wu
- Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Paul SK, Herbert JM. Probing Interfacial Effects on Ionization Energies: The Surprising Banality of Anion-Water Hydrogen Bonding at the Air/Water Interface. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:10189-10202. [PMID: 34184532 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c03131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Liquid microjet photoelectron spectroscopy is an increasingly common technique to measure vertical ionization energies (VIEs) of aqueous solutes, but the interpretation of these experiments is subject to questions regarding sensitivity to bulk versus interfacial solvation environments. We have computed aqueous-phase VIEs for a set of inorganic anions, using a combination of molecular dynamics simulations and electronic structure calculations, with results that are in excellent agreement with experiment regardless of whether the simulation data are restricted to ions at the air/water interface or to those in bulk aqueous solution. Although the computed VIEs are sensitive to ion-water hydrogen bonding, we find that the short-range solvation structure is sufficiently similar in both environments that it proves impossible to discriminate between the two on the basis of the VIE, a conclusion that has important implications for the interpretation of liquid-phase photoelectron spectroscopy. More generally, analysis of the simulation data suggests that the surface activity of soft anions is largely a second or third solvation shell effect, arising from disruption of water-water hydrogen bonds and not from significant changes in first-shell anion-water hydrogen bonding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suranjan K Paul
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - John M Herbert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
de Almeida JM, Nguyen NL, Colonna N, Chen W, Rodrigues Miranda C, Pasquarello A, Marzari N. Electronic Structure of Water from Koopmans-Compliant Functionals. J Chem Theory Comput 2021; 17:3923-3930. [PMID: 34137253 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Obtaining a precise theoretical description of the spectral properties of liquid water poses challenges for both molecular dynamics (MD) and electronic structure methods. The lower computational cost of the Koopmans-compliant functionals with respect to Green's function methods allows the simulations of many MD trajectories, with a description close to the state-of-art quasi-particle self-consistent GW plus vertex corrections method (QSGW + fxc). Thus, we explore water spectral properties when different MD approaches are used, ranging from classical MD to first-principles MD, and including nuclear quantum effects. We have observed that different MD approaches lead to up to 1 eV change in the average band gap; thus, we focused on the band gap dependence with the geometrical properties of a system to explain such spread. We have evaluated the changes in the band gap due to variations in the intramolecular O-H bond distance and HOH angle, as well as the intermolecular hydrogen bond O···O distance and the OHO angles. We have observed that the dominant contribution comes from the O-H bond length; the O···O distance plays a secondary role, and the other geometrical properties do not significantly influence the gap. Furthermore, we analyze the electronic density of states (DOS), where the KIPZ functional shows good agreement with the DOS obtained with state-of-art approaches employing quasi-particle self-consistent GW plus vertex corrections. The O-H bond length also significantly influences the DOS. When nuclear quantum effects are considered, broadening of the peaks driven by the broader distribution of the O-H bond lengths is observed, leading to a closer agreement with the experimental photoemission spectra.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Moraes de Almeida
- Universidade Federal do ABC, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Santo André, 09210-580 SP, Brazil.,Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS) and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ngoc Linh Nguyen
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS) and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Colonna
- Laboratory for Neutron Scattering and Imaging, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland.,National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Wei Chen
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanoscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | | | - Alfredo Pasquarello
- Chaire de Simulation à l'Echelle Atomique (CSEA), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Marzari
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS) and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ferri M, Elliott JD, Camellone MF, Fabris S, Piccinin S. CuFeO 2–Water Interface under Illumination: Structural, Electronic, and Catalytic Implications for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c05066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Ferri
- International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Via Bonomea 265, I-34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - Joshua David Elliott
- CNR-IOM, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto Officina dei Materiali, c/o SISSA, Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - Matteo Farnesi Camellone
- CNR-IOM, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto Officina dei Materiali, c/o SISSA, Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - Stefano Fabris
- CNR-IOM, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto Officina dei Materiali, c/o SISSA, Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - Simone Piccinin
- CNR-IOM, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto Officina dei Materiali, c/o SISSA, Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Gao L, Zhang L, Fu Q, Bu Y. Molecular Dynamics Characterization of Dielectron Hydration in Liquid Water with Unique Double Proton Transfers. J Chem Theory Comput 2021; 17:666-677. [PMID: 33474934 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.0c01123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Radiation chemistry of water and aqueous solutions has always been an interesting scientific issue owing to involving electronic excitations, ionization of solvated species, and formation of radiolytic species and many elementary reactions, but the underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood. Here, we for the first time molecular dynamics characterize the hydration dynamics of two correlated electrons and their triggered unique phenomena in liquid water associated with radiolysis of water using the combined hybrid functional and nonlocal dispersion functional. Hydration of two electrons may experience two distinctly different mechanisms, one forming a spin-paired closed-shell unicaged dielectron hydrate (e22-aq) and the other forming a spin-paired metastable open-shell bicaged hydrated electron pair (e-aq···e-aq) which exhibits intriguing antiferromagnetic spin coupling dynamics (in a range of -40 cm-1 to -500 cm-1). e-aq···e-aq can recombine to e22-aq through a unique solvent fluctuation-controlled gradual-flowing mechanism, and enlarging fluctuation can promote the conversion. Interestingly, we directly observe that e22-aq as the precursor can trigger hydrogen evolution via unique continuous spontaneous double proton transfer to the dielectron with a short-lived H-aq intermediate, but e-aq···e-aq does not directly. This is the first direct observation for the connection between e22-aq and spontaneous hydrogen evolution including participation of H-aq in aqueous solution, bridging relevant experimental phenomena. This work also evidences an unnoticed process, the double proton transfer mediated charge separation, and presents the first detailed analysis regarding the evolution dynamics of e22-aq for the understanding of the radiolysis reactions in aqueous solutions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Fu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxiang Bu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Romani L, Speltini A, Ambrosio F, Mosconi E, Profumo A, Marelli M, Margadonna S, Milella A, Fracassi F, Listorti A, De Angelis F, Malavasi L. Water-Stable DMASnBr 3 Lead-Free Perovskite for Effective Solar-Driven Photocatalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 60:3611-3618. [PMID: 33047446 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202007584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Water-stable metal halide perovskites could foster tremendous progresses in several research fields where their superior optical properties can make differences. In this work we report clear evidence of water stability in a lead-free metal halide perovskite, namely DMASnBr3 , obtained by means of diffraction, optical and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Such unprecedented water-stability has been applied to promote photocatalysis in aqueous medium, in particular by devising a novel composite material by coupling DMASnBr3 to g-C3 N4 , taking advantage from the combination of their optimal photophysical properties. The prepared composites provide an impressive hydrogen evolution rate >1700 μmol g-1 h-1 generated by the synergistic activity of the two composite costituents. DFT calculations provide insight into this enhancement deriving it from the favorable alignment of interfacial energy levels of DMASnBr3 and g-C3 N4 . The demonstration of an efficient photocatalytic activity for a composite based on lead-free metal halide perovskite in water paves the way to a new class of light-driven catalysts working in aqueous environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Romani
- Department of Chemistry and INSTM, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 16, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Andrea Speltini
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesco Ambrosio
- Computational Laboratory for Hybrid/Organic Photovoltaics (CLHYO), Istituto CNR di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta" (CNR-SCITEC), Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123, Perugia, Italy.,CompuNet, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
| | - Edoardo Mosconi
- Computational Laboratory for Hybrid/Organic Photovoltaics (CLHYO), Istituto CNR di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta" (CNR-SCITEC), Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Antonella Profumo
- Department of Chemistry and INSTM, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 16, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marcello Marelli
- National Research Council, CNR-SCITEC, Via G. Fantoli 16/15, 20138, Milan, Italy
| | - Serena Margadonna
- Materials Research Centre and SPECIFIC, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, SA1 8EN, UK
| | - Antonella Milella
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Fracassi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Andrea Listorti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Filippo De Angelis
- Computational Laboratory for Hybrid/Organic Photovoltaics (CLHYO), Istituto CNR di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta" (CNR-SCITEC), Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123, Perugia, Italy.,Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Malavasi
- Department of Chemistry and INSTM, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 16, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Romani L, Speltini A, Ambrosio F, Mosconi E, Profumo A, Marelli M, Margadonna S, Milella A, Fracassi F, Listorti A, De Angelis F, Malavasi L. Water‐Stable DMASnBr
3
Lead‐Free Perovskite for Effective Solar‐Driven Photocatalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202007584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Romani
- Department of Chemistry and INSTM University of Pavia Via Taramelli 16 27100 Pavia Italy
| | - Andrea Speltini
- Department of Drug Sciences University of Pavia Via Taramelli 12 27100 Pavia Italy
| | - Francesco Ambrosio
- Computational Laboratory for Hybrid/Organic Photovoltaics (CLHYO) Istituto CNR di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (CNR-SCITEC) Via Elce di Sotto 8 06123 Perugia Italy
- CompuNet Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Via Morego 30 16163 Genova Italy
| | - Edoardo Mosconi
- Computational Laboratory for Hybrid/Organic Photovoltaics (CLHYO) Istituto CNR di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (CNR-SCITEC) Via Elce di Sotto 8 06123 Perugia Italy
| | - Antonella Profumo
- Department of Chemistry and INSTM University of Pavia Via Taramelli 16 27100 Pavia Italy
| | - Marcello Marelli
- National Research Council CNR-SCITEC Via G. Fantoli 16/15 20138 Milan Italy
| | - Serena Margadonna
- Materials Research Centre and SPECIFIC College of Engineering Swansea University Swansea SA1 8EN UK
| | - Antonella Milella
- Department of Chemistry University of Bari Via Orabona 4 70126 Bari Italy
| | - Francesco Fracassi
- Department of Chemistry University of Bari Via Orabona 4 70126 Bari Italy
| | - Andrea Listorti
- Department of Chemistry University of Bari Via Orabona 4 70126 Bari Italy
| | - Filippo De Angelis
- Computational Laboratory for Hybrid/Organic Photovoltaics (CLHYO) Istituto CNR di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (CNR-SCITEC) Via Elce di Sotto 8 06123 Perugia Italy
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology University of Perugia Via Elce di Sotto 8 06123 Perugia Italy
| | - Lorenzo Malavasi
- Department of Chemistry and INSTM University of Pavia Via Taramelli 16 27100 Pavia Italy
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Gurdal Y, Iannuzzi M. Comparison of Penta and Tetra-pyridyl Cobalt-based Catalysts for Water Reduction: H 2 Production Cycle, Solvent Response and Reduction Free Energy. Chemphyschem 2020; 21:2692-2700. [PMID: 32955784 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202000600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Understanding water reduction towards H2 generation is crucial to overcome today's renewable energy obstacles. Previous studies have shown the superior H2 production performances of Cobalt based penta-pyridyl (CoaPPy) and tetra-pyridyl (CoaTPy) complexes in solution. We investigate H2 production cycles of CoaPPy and CoaTPy complexes immersed in water solution by means of Ab-initio Molecular Dynamics and Density Functional Theory. We monitor dynamic properties of the systems, solvent response and structural changes occurring in the catalysts, by simulating all intermediate steps of the H2 production cycle. Reduction free energies and reorganization energies are calculated. Our results show that, following the first electron injection, H2 production proceeds with the singlet spin state. Following the first electron insertion, we observe a significant rearrangement of the hydrogen bonding network in the first solvation shell. The cobalt center turns out to be more accessible for the surrounding water molecules in the case of CoaTPy at all the intermediate steps, which explains its higher catalytic performance over CoaPPy. Following the first reduction reaction, a larger gain in reduction free energy is estimated for CoaTPy with respect to CoaPPy, with a difference of 0.14 eV, in line with the experiments. For the second reduction, instead, CoaPPy shows more negative reduction potential, by 0.41 eV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yeliz Gurdal
- Department of Bioengineering, Adana Alparslan Turkes Science and Technology University Catalan, Caddesi 201, 01250, Adana, Turkey
| | - Marcella Iannuzzi
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Radicchi E, Ambrosio F, Mosconi E, Alasmari AA, Alasmary FAS, De Angelis F. Combined Computational and Experimental Investigation on the Nature of Hydrated Iodoplumbate Complexes: Insights into the Dual Role of Water in Perovskite Precursor Solutions. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:11481-11490. [PMID: 33275849 PMCID: PMC7884010 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c08624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Water
is generally considered an enemy of metal halide perovskites,
being responsible for their rapid degradation and, consequently, undermining
the long-term stability of perovskite-based solar cells. However,
beneficial effects of liquid water have been surprisingly observed,
and synthetic routes including water treatments have shown to improve
the quality of perovskite films. This suggests that the interactions
of water with perovskites and their precursors are far from being
completely understood, as water appears to play a puzzling dual role
in perovskite precursor solutions. In this context, studying the basic
interactions between perovskite precursors in the aqueous environment
can provide a deeper comprehension of this conundrum. In this context,
it is fundamental to understand how water impacts the chemistry of
iodoplumbate perovskite precursor species, PbIx2–x. Here, we investigate
the chemistry of these complexes using a combined experimental and
theoretical strategy to unveil their peculiar structural and optical
properties and eventually to assign the species present in the solution.
Our study indicates that iodide-rich iodoplumbates, which are generally
key to the formation of lead halide perovskites, are not easily formed
in aqueous solutions because of the competition between iodide and
solvent molecules in coordinating Pb2+ ions, explaining
the difficulty of depositing lead iodide perovskites from aqueous
solutions. We postulate that the beneficial effect of water when used
as an additive is then motivated by its behavior being similar to
high coordinative polar aprotic solvents usually employed as additives
in one-step perovskite depositions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eros Radicchi
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy.,Computational Laboratory for Hybrid/Organic Photovoltaics (CLHYO), Istituto CNR di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta" (CNR-SCITEC), Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesco Ambrosio
- Computational Laboratory for Hybrid/Organic Photovoltaics (CLHYO), Istituto CNR di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta" (CNR-SCITEC), Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy.,CompuNet, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Edoardo Mosconi
- Computational Laboratory for Hybrid/Organic Photovoltaics (CLHYO), Istituto CNR di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta" (CNR-SCITEC), Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Ahmed A Alasmari
- The First Industrial Institute, TVTC, 12613 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Physics and Astronomy Department, College of Science, King Saud University, 12372 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatmah A S Alasmary
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, 12372 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Filippo De Angelis
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy.,Computational Laboratory for Hybrid/Organic Photovoltaics (CLHYO), Istituto CNR di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta" (CNR-SCITEC), Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy.,CompuNet, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy.,Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, 12372 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Guo Z, Ambrosio F, Pasquarello A. Evaluation of Photocatalysts for Water Splitting through Combined Analysis of Surface Coverage and Energy-Level Alignment. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhendong Guo
- Chaire de Simulation à l’Echelle Atomique (CSEA), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Ambrosio
- Chaire de Simulation à l’Echelle Atomique (CSEA), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alfredo Pasquarello
- Chaire de Simulation à l’Echelle Atomique (CSEA), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ambrosio F, Wiktor J. Strong Hole Trapping Due to Oxygen Dimers in BiVO 4: Effect on the Water Oxidation Reaction. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:7113-7118. [PMID: 31657932 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We present a study of hole bipolarons in BiVO4. We show that in the presence of two holes O-O dimers are formed, leading to strong charge trapping. While the formation of bipolarons in bulk BiVO4 requires overcoming a kinetic barrier, we find that these defects should be spontaneously formed at the surface of the material and its interface with water. Through molecular dynamics simulations, we study the effect of bipolarons on the water-splitting reaction and show that their presence may be especially beneficial in alkaline conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Ambrosio
- Computational Laboratory for Hybrid/Organic Photovoltaics (CLHYO) , Istituto CNR di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari (ISTM-CNR) , Via Elce di Sotto 8 , 06123 Perugia , Italy
- CompuNet, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Via Morego 30 , 16163 Genova , Italy
| | - Julia Wiktor
- Department of Physics , Chalmers University of Technology , SE-412 96 Gothenburg , Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wang X, Liu Z, Zhao XG, Lv J, Biswas K, Zhang L. Computational Design of Mixed-Valence Tin Sulfides as Solar Absorbers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:24867-24875. [PMID: 30997991 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b01223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Binary tin sulfides, such as SnS and SnS2, are appealing because of their simple stoichiometry and semiconducting properties and are, therefore, being pursued as potentially cost-effective materials for optoelectronic applications. The multivalency of Sn, that is, Sn(+2) and Sn(+4) allows yet more intermediate compositions, SnxSy, whose structures and properties are of interest. Sn2S3 is already under consideration as a mixed-valence semiconductor. Other intermediate compositions, for example, Sn3S4 and Sn4S5 have remained elusive, although their existences have been alluded to in literature. Here we report a comprehensive study of phase stability of the SnxSy series compounds, utilizing swarm-intelligence crystal structure search method combined with first-principles energetic calculations. We find that the stability of mixed-valence SnxSy compounds with respect to decomposition into pure-valence SnS and SnS2 is in general weaker than the SnxOy counterparts, likely due to differences in chemical bonding. Besides identifying the experimentally discovered stable phases of Sn2S3, our calculations indicate that the Sn3S4 phase is another mixed-valence composition which shows marginal stability with respect to decomposition into SnS and SnS2. Other studied compositions may be metastable under ambient conditions, with slightly positive formation enthalpies. We find two structures of Sn3S4 having comparably low energies, both of which feature one-dimensional chain-like fragments obtained by breaking up the edge-connected octahedral layers of SnS2. Both structures indicate lattice phonon stability and one shows quasi-direct band gap with a calculated value of 1.43 eV, ideal for solar absorbers. A further analysis of the composition-structure-property relationship supports the notion that low-dimensional Sn-S motifs and van der Waals interaction may lead to diverse structure types and chemical compositions, having functional properties that are yet to be identified in the SnxSy series with mixed valency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of MOE, and School of Materials Science and Engineering , Jilin University , Changchun 130012 , China
| | - Zhun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of MOE, and School of Materials Science and Engineering , Jilin University , Changchun 130012 , China
| | - Xin-Gang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of MOE, and School of Materials Science and Engineering , Jilin University , Changchun 130012 , China
| | - Jian Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of MOE, and School of Materials Science and Engineering , Jilin University , Changchun 130012 , China
| | - Koushik Biswas
- Department of Chemistry and Physics , Arkansas State University , Jonesboro , Arkansas 72467 , United States
| | - Lijun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of MOE, and School of Materials Science and Engineering , Jilin University , Changchun 130012 , China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Hörmann NG, Andreussi O, Marzari N. Grand canonical simulations of electrochemical interfaces in implicit solvation models. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:041730. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5054580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas G. Hörmann
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS), and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Oliviero Andreussi
- Department of Physics, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76207, USA
| | - Nicola Marzari
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS), and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
A cavity or excluded-volume structure best explains the experimental properties of the aqueous or “hydrated” electron.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John M. Herbert
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry
- The Ohio State University
- Columbus
- USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Prasetyo N, Hünenberger PH, Hofer TS. Single-Ion Thermodynamics from First Principles: Calculation of the Absolute Hydration Free Energy and Single-Electrode Potential of Aqueous Li + Using ab Initio Quantum Mechanical/Molecular Mechanical Molecular Dynamics Simulations. J Chem Theory Comput 2018; 14:6443-6459. [PMID: 30284829 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.8b00729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A recently proposed thermodynamic integration (TI) approach formulated in the framework of quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical molecular dynamics (QM/MM MD) simulations is applied to study the structure, dynamics, and absolute intrinsic hydration free energy Δs GM+,wat◦ of the Li+ ion at a correlated ab initio level of theory. Based on the results, standard values (298.15 K, ideal gas at 1 bar, ideal solute at 1 molal) for the absolute intrinsic hydration free energy [Formula: see text] of the proton, the surface electric potential jump χwat◦ upon entering bulk water, and the absolute single-electrode potential [Formula: see text] of the reference hydrogen electrode are calculated to be -1099.9 ± 4.2 kJ·mol-1, 0.13 ± 0.08 V, and 4.28 ± 0.04 V, respectively, in excellent agreement with the standard values recommended by Hünenberger and Reif on the basis of an extensive evaluation of the available experimental data (-1100 ± 5 kJ·mol-1, 0.13 ± 0.10 V, and 4.28 ± 0.13 V). The simulation results for Li+ are also compared to those for Na+ and K+ from a previous study in terms of relative hydration free energies ΔΔs GM+,wat◦ and relative electrode potentials [Formula: see text]. The calculated values are found to agree extremely well with the experimental differences in standard conventional hydration free energies ΔΔs GM+,wat• and redox potentials [Formula: see text]. The level of agreement between simulation and experiment, which is quantitative within error bars, underlines the substantial accuracy improvement achieved by applying a highly demanding QM/MM approach at the resolution-of-identity second-order Møller-Plesset perturbation (RIMP2) level over calculations relying on purely molecular mechanical or density functional theory (DFT) descriptions. A detailed analysis of the structural and dynamical properties of the Li+ hydrate indicates that a correct description of the solvation structure and dynamics is achieved as well at this level of theory. Consideration of the QM/MM potential-energy components also shows that the partitioning into QM and MM zones does not induce any significant energetic artifact for the system considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niko Prasetyo
- Theoretical Chemistry Division, Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry , University of Innsbruck , Innrain 80-82 , A-6020 Innsbruck , Austria.,Austria-Indonesia Centre (AIC) for Computational Chemistry , Universitas Gadjah Mada , Sekip Utara , Yogyakarta 55281 , Indonesia.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences , Universitas Gadjah Mada , Sekip Utara , Yogyakarta 55281 , Indonesia
| | - Philippe H Hünenberger
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie , ETH Zürich, ETH-Hönggerberg , HCI Building , CH-8093 Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Thomas S Hofer
- Theoretical Chemistry Division, Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry , University of Innsbruck , Innrain 80-82 , A-6020 Innsbruck , Austria
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Chen LD, Bajdich M, Martirez JMP, Krauter CM, Gauthier JA, Carter EA, Luntz AC, Chan K, Nørskov JK. Understanding the apparent fractional charge of protons in the aqueous electrochemical double layer. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3202. [PMID: 30097564 PMCID: PMC6086897 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05511-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A detailed atomic-scale description of the electrochemical interface is essential to the understanding of electrochemical energy transformations. In this work, we investigate the charge of solvated protons at the Pt(111) | H2O and Al(111) | H2O interfaces. Using semi-local density-functional theory as well as hybrid functionals and embedded correlated wavefunction methods as higher-level benchmarks, we show that the effective charge of a solvated proton in the electrochemical double layer or outer Helmholtz plane at all levels of theory is fractional, when the solvated proton and solvent band edges are aligned correctly with the Fermi level of the metal (EF). The observed fractional charge in the absence of frontier band misalignment arises from a significant overlap between the proton and the electron density from the metal surface, and results in an energetic difference between protons in bulk solution and those in the outer Helmholtz plane. A detailed atomic-scale description of the electrochemical interface is essential to the understanding of electrochemical energy transformations. Here, the authors investigate the solvated proton at the electrochemical interface and show that it unexpectedly carries a fractional charge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leanne D Chen
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Michal Bajdich
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - J Mark P Martirez
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Caroline M Krauter
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA.,Schrödinger GmbH, Dynamostr. 13, D-68165, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Joseph A Gauthier
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Emily A Carter
- School of Engineering and Applied Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Alan C Luntz
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Karen Chan
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Jens K Nørskov
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA. .,SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA. .,Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
We determine the ionization potential (IP) and the electron affinity (EA) of liquid water together with the absolute redox level of the standard hydrogen electrode (SHE) by combining advanced electronic-structure calculations, ab initio molecular dynamics simulations, thermodynamic integration, and potential alignment at the water-vacuum interface. The calculated SHE level lies at 4.56 eV below the vacuum level, close to the experimental reference of 4.44 eV inferred by Trasatti. The band edges are determined through a hybrid functional designed to reproduce the band gap achieved with highly accurate GW calculations. Our analysis yields IP = 9.7 eV and EA = 0.8 eV, consistent with both photoemission spectra of liquid water and thermodynamical data for the hydrated electron.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Ambrosio
- Chaire de Simulation à l'Echelle Atomique (CSEA) , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , CH-1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Zhendong Guo
- Chaire de Simulation à l'Echelle Atomique (CSEA) , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , CH-1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Alfredo Pasquarello
- Chaire de Simulation à l'Echelle Atomique (CSEA) , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , CH-1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Hofer TS, Hünenberger PH. Absolute proton hydration free energy, surface potential of water, and redox potential of the hydrogen electrode from first principles: QM/MM MD free-energy simulations of sodium and potassium hydration. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:222814. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5000799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas S. Hofer
- Theoretical Chemistry Division, Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, Centre for Chemistry and Biomedicine, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zheng L, Chen M, Sun Z, Ko HY, Santra B, Dhuvad P, Wu X. Structural, electronic, and dynamical properties of liquid water by ab initio molecular dynamics based on SCAN functional within the canonical ensemble. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:164505. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5023611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Zheng
- Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - Mohan Chen
- Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - Zhaoru Sun
- Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - Hsin-Yu Ko
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Biswajit Santra
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Pratikkumar Dhuvad
- Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - Xifan Wu
- Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
- Institute for Computational Molecular Science, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ambrosio F, Wiktor J, Pasquarello A. pH-Dependent Surface Chemistry from First Principles: Application to the BiVO 4(010)-Water Interface. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:10011-10021. [PMID: 29498266 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b16545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We present a theoretical formulation for studying the pH-dependent interfacial coverage of semiconductor-water interfaces through ab initio electronic structure calculations, molecular dynamics simulations, and the thermodynamic integration method. This general methodology allows one to calculate the acidity of the individual adsorption sites on the surface and consequently the pH at the point of zero charge, pHPZC, and the preferential adsorption mode of water molecules, either molecular or dissociative, at the semiconductor-water interface. The proposed method is applied to study the BiVO4(010)-water interface, yields a pHPZC in excellent agreement with the experimental characterization. Furthermore, from the calculated p Ka values of the individual adsorption sites, we construct an ab initio concentration diagram of all adsorbed species at the interface as a function of the pH of the aqueous solution. The diagram clearly illustrates the pH-dependent coverage of the surface and indicates that protons are found to be significantly adsorbed (∼1% of available sites) only in highly acidic conditions. The surface is found to be mostly covered by molecularly adsorbed water molecules in a wide interval of pH values ranging from 2 to 8. Hydroxyl ions are identified as the dominant adsorbed species at pH larger than 8.2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Ambrosio
- Chaire de Simulation à l'Echelle Atomique (CSEA) , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , CH-1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Julia Wiktor
- Chaire de Simulation à l'Echelle Atomique (CSEA) , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , CH-1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Alfredo Pasquarello
- Chaire de Simulation à l'Echelle Atomique (CSEA) , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , CH-1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Gaiduk AP, Pham TA, Govoni M, Paesani F, Galli G. Electron affinity of liquid water. Nat Commun 2018; 9:247. [PMID: 29339731 PMCID: PMC5770385 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02673-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding redox and photochemical reactions in aqueous environments requires a precise knowledge of the ionization potential and electron affinity of liquid water. The former has been measured, but not the latter. We predict the electron affinity of liquid water and of its surface from first principles, coupling path-integral molecular dynamics with ab initio potentials, and many-body perturbation theory. Our results for the surface (0.8 eV) agree well with recent pump-probe spectroscopy measurements on amorphous ice. Those for the bulk (0.1-0.3 eV) differ from several estimates adopted in the literature, which we critically revisit. We show that the ionization potential of the bulk and surface are almost identical; instead their electron affinities differ substantially, with the conduction band edge of the surface much deeper in energy than that of the bulk. We also discuss the significant impact of nuclear quantum effects on the fundamental gap and band edges of the liquid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex P Gaiduk
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Tuan Anh Pham
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94551, USA
| | - Marco Govoni
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.,Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Francesco Paesani
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science and Engineering, San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California, San Diego, 92093, USA.
| | - Giulia Galli
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA. .,Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Ambrosio F, Pasquarello A. Reactivity and energy level of a localized hole in liquid water. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:30281-30289. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp03682a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Reaction and redox level of hole capture in liquid water from first principles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Ambrosio
- Chaire de Simulation à l’Echelle Atomique (CSEA)
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
- CH-1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | - Alfredo Pasquarello
- Chaire de Simulation à l’Echelle Atomique (CSEA)
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
- CH-1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Frenzel J, Meyer B, Marx D. Bicanonical ab Initio Molecular Dynamics for Open Systems. J Chem Theory Comput 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.7b00263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Frenzel
- Lehrstuhl für
Theoretische Chemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Bernd Meyer
- Interdisziplinäres
Zentrum für Molekulare Materialien (ICMM) and Computer-Chemie-Centrum
(CCC), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dominik Marx
- Lehrstuhl für
Theoretische Chemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Pham TA, Govoni M, Seidel R, Bradforth SE, Schwegler E, Galli G. Electronic structure of aqueous solutions: Bridging the gap between theory and experiments. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1603210. [PMID: 28691091 PMCID: PMC5482551 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1603210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Predicting the electronic properties of aqueous liquids has been a long-standing challenge for quantum mechanical methods. However, it is a crucial step in understanding and predicting the key role played by aqueous solutions and electrolytes in a wide variety of emerging energy and environmental technologies, including battery and photoelectrochemical cell design. We propose an efficient and accurate approach to predict the electronic properties of aqueous solutions, on the basis of the combination of first-principles methods and experimental validation using state-of-the-art spectroscopic measurements. We present results of the photoelectron spectra of a broad range of solvated ions, showing that first-principles molecular dynamics simulations and electronic structure calculations using dielectric hybrid functionals provide a quantitative description of the electronic properties of the solvent and solutes, including excitation energies. The proposed computational framework is general and applicable to other liquids, thereby offering great promise in understanding and engineering solutions and liquid electrolytes for a variety of important energy technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tuan Anh Pham
- Quantum Simulations Group, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - Marco Govoni
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Robert Seidel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089–0482, USA
| | - Stephen E. Bradforth
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089–0482, USA
| | - Eric Schwegler
- Quantum Simulations Group, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - Giulia Galli
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Ambrosio F, Miceli G, Pasquarello A. Electronic Levels of Excess Electrons in Liquid Water. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:2055-2059. [PMID: 28407469 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b00699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We provide a consistent description of the electronic levels associated with localized and delocalized excess electrons in liquid water by combining hybrid-functional molecular dynamics simulations with a grand canonical formulation of solutes in aqueous solution. The excess electron localizes in a cavity with an average radius of 1.8 Å and a majority coordination of five water molecules. The vertical binding energy, the optical s-p transitions, and the adiabatic redox level are found to agree closely with their experimental counterparts. The energy level associated with electron delocalization V0 is inferred to lie at -0.97 eV with respect to the vacuum level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Ambrosio
- Chaire de Simulation à l'Echelle Atomique (CSEA), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Giacomo Miceli
- Chaire de Simulation à l'Echelle Atomique (CSEA), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alfredo Pasquarello
- Chaire de Simulation à l'Echelle Atomique (CSEA), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Rybkin VV, VandeVondele J. Nuclear Quantum Effects on Aqueous Electron Attachment and Redox Properties. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:1424-1428. [PMID: 28296416 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b00386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear quantum effects (NQEs) on the reduction and oxidation properties of small aqueous species (CO2, HO2, and O2) are quantified and rationalized by first-principles molecular dynamics and thermodynamic integration. Vertical electron attachment, or electron affinity, and detachment energies (VEA and VDE) are strongly affected by NQEs, decreasing in absolute value by 0.3 eV going from a classical to a quantum description of the nuclei. The effect is attributed to NQEs that lessen the solvent response upon oxidation/reduction. The reduction of solvent reorganization energy is expected to be general for small solutes in water. In the thermodynamic integral that yields the free energy of oxidation/reduction, these large changes enter with opposite sign, and only a small net effect (0.1 eV) remains. This is not obvious for CO2, where the integrand is strongly influenced by NQEs due to the onset of interaction of the reduced orbital with the conduction band of the liquid during thermodynamic integration. We conclude that NQEs might not have to be included in the computation of redox potentials, unless high accuracy is needed, but are important for VEA and VDE calculations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir V Rybkin
- Nanoscale Simulations, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich , Wolfgang-Pauli-Str. 27, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Joost VandeVondele
- Nanoscale Simulations, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich , Wolfgang-Pauli-Str. 27, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Bouzid A, Pasquarello A. Redox Levels through Constant Fermi-Level ab Initio Molecular Dynamics. J Chem Theory Comput 2017; 13:1769-1777. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.6b01232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Assil Bouzid
- Chaire de Simulation à
l’Echelle Atomique (CSEA), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alfredo Pasquarello
- Chaire de Simulation à
l’Echelle Atomique (CSEA), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Chen W, Ambrosio F, Miceli G, Pasquarello A. Ab initio Electronic Structure of Liquid Water. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:186401. [PMID: 27835004 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.186401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Self-consistent GW calculations with efficient vertex corrections are employed to determine the electronic structure of liquid water. Nuclear quantum effects are taken into account through ab initio path-integral molecular dynamics simulations. We reveal a sizable band-gap renormalization of up to 0.7 eV due to hydrogen-bond quantum fluctuations. Our calculations lead to a band gap of 8.9 eV, in accord with the experimental estimate. We further resolve the ambiguities in the band-edge positions of liquid water. The valence-band maximum and the conduction-band minimum are found at -9.4 and -0.5 eV with respect to the vacuum level, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Chaire de Simulation à l'Echelle Atomique (CSEA), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Ambrosio
- Chaire de Simulation à l'Echelle Atomique (CSEA), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Giacomo Miceli
- Chaire de Simulation à l'Echelle Atomique (CSEA), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alfredo Pasquarello
- Chaire de Simulation à l'Echelle Atomique (CSEA), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Miceli G, Hutter J, Pasquarello A. Liquid Water through Density-Functional Molecular Dynamics: Plane-Wave vs Atomic-Orbital Basis Sets. J Chem Theory Comput 2016; 12:3456-62. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.6b00271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Miceli
- Chaire
de Simulation à l’Echelle Atomique (CSEA), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jürg Hutter
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alfredo Pasquarello
- Chaire
de Simulation à l’Echelle Atomique (CSEA), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Ambrosio F, Miceli G, Pasquarello A. Structural, Dynamical, and Electronic Properties of Liquid Water: A Hybrid Functional Study. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:7456-70. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b03876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Ambrosio
- Chaire de Simulation à
l’Echelle Atomique (CSEA), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Giacomo Miceli
- Chaire de Simulation à
l’Echelle Atomique (CSEA), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alfredo Pasquarello
- Chaire de Simulation à
l’Echelle Atomique (CSEA), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|