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Lyu P, Wang Z, Guo N, Su J, Li J, Qi D, Xi S, Lin H, Zhang Q, Pennycook SJ, Chen J, Zhao X, Zhang C, Loh KP, Lu J. Air-Stable Wafer-Scale Ferromagnetic Metallo-Carbon Nitride Monolayer. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 39021150 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
The pursuit of robust, long-range magnetic ordering in two-dimensional (2D) materials holds immense promise for driving technological advances. However, achieving this goal remains a grand challenge due to enhanced quantum and thermal fluctuations as well as chemical instability in the 2D limit. While magnetic ordering has been realized in atomically thin flakes of transition metal chalcogenides and metal halides, these materials often suffer from air instability. In contrast, 2D carbon-based materials are stable enough, yet the challenge lies in creating a high density of local magnetic moments and controlling their long-range magnetic ordering. Here, we report a novel wafer-scale synthesis of an air-stable metallo-carbon nitride monolayer (MCN, denoted as MN4/CNx), featuring ultradense single magnetic atoms and exhibiting robust room-temperature ferromagnetism. Under low-pressure chemical vapor deposition conditions, thermal dehydrogenation and polymerization of metal phthalocyanine (MPc) on copper foil at elevated temperature generate a substantial number of nitrogen coordination sites for anchoring magnetic single atoms in monolayer MN4/CNx (where M = Fe, Co, and Ni). The incorporation of densely populating MN4 sites into monolayer MCN networks leads to robust ferromagnetism up to room temperature, enabling the observation of anomalous Hall effects with excellent chemical stability. Detailed electronic structure calculations indicate that the presence of high-density metal sites results in the emergence of spin-split d-bands near the Fermi level, causing a favorable long-range ferromagnetic exchange coupling through direct exchange interactions. Our work demonstrates a novel synthesis approach for wafer-scale MCN monolayers with robust room-temperature ferromagnetism and may shed light on practical electronic and spintronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin Lyu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures and Institute for Frontier Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Ziying Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Na Guo
- Chongqing Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Chongqing 401123, China
- Department of Physics, Department of Physics and Centre for Advanced 2D Materials, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117551, Singapore
| | - Jie Su
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Dongchen Qi
- Centre for Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Shibo Xi
- Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences, Singapore, 627833, Singapore
| | - Huihui Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Qihan Zhang
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117575, Singapore
| | - Stephen J Pennycook
- Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117544, Singapore
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117575, Singapore
| | - Jingsheng Chen
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117575, Singapore
| | - Xiaoxu Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
- Chongqing Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Chongqing 401123, China
- Department of Physics, Department of Physics and Centre for Advanced 2D Materials, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117551, Singapore
| | - Kian Ping Loh
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Jiong Lu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
- Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117544, Singapore
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Yuan S, Peng J, Zhang Y, Zheng DJ, Bagi S, Wang T, Román-Leshkov Y, Shao-Horn Y. Tuning the Catalytic Activity of Fe-Phthalocyanine-Based Catalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction by Ligand Functionalization. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Yuan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jiayu Peng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yirui Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Daniel J. Zheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Sujay Bagi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yuriy Román-Leshkov
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yang Shao-Horn
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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3
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A metal-supported single-atom catalytic site enables carbon dioxide hydrogenation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:819. [PMID: 35145110 PMCID: PMC8831533 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28456-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen-doped graphene-supported single atoms convert CO2 to CO, but fail to provide further hydrogenation to methane - a finding attributable to the weak adsorption of CO intermediates. To regulate the adsorption energy, here we investigate the metal-supported single atoms to enable CO2 hydrogenation. We find a copper-supported iron-single-atom catalyst producing a high-rate methane. Density functional theory calculations and in-situ Raman spectroscopy show that the iron atoms attract surrounding intermediates and carry out hydrogenation to generate methane. The catalyst is realized by assembling iron phthalocyanine on the copper surface, followed by in-situ formation of single iron atoms during electrocatalysis, identified using operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy. The copper-supported iron-single-atom catalyst exhibits a CO2-to-methane Faradaic efficiency of 64% and a partial current density of 128 mA cm-2, while the nitrogen-doped graphene-supported one produces only CO. The activity is 32 times higher than a pristine copper under the same conditions of electrolyte and bias.
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Bischoff F, Riss A, Michelitsch GS, Ducke J, Barth JV, Reuter K, Auwärter W. Surface-Mediated Ring-Opening and Porphyrin Deconstruction via Conformational Distortion. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:15131-15138. [PMID: 34472340 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The breakdown of macrocyclic compounds is of utmost importance in manifold biological and chemical processes, usually proceeding via oxygenation-induced ring-opening reactions. Here, we introduce a surface chemical route to selectively break a prototypical porphyrin species, cleaving off one pyrrole unit and affording a tripyrrin derivative. This pathway, operational in an ultrahigh vacuum environment at moderate temperature is enabled by a distinct molecular conformation achieved via the specific interaction between the porphyrin and its copper support. We provide an atomic-level characterization of the surface-anchored tripyrrin, its reaction intermediates, and byproducts by bond-resolved atomic force microscopy, unequivocally identifying the molecular skeletons. The ring-opening is rationalized by the distortion reducing the macrocycle's stability. Our findings open a route to steer ring-opening reactions by conformational design and to study intriguing tetrapyrrole catabolite analogues on surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Bischoff
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Alexander Riss
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Georg S Michelitsch
- Theoretical Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 5, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Jacob Ducke
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Johannes V Barth
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Karsten Reuter
- Theoretical Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 5, 85748 Garching, Germany.,Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin-Dahlem, Germany
| | - Willi Auwärter
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
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Zuzak R, Szymonski M, Godlewski S. Extended iron phthalocyanine islands self-assembled on a Ge(001):H surface. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 12:232-241. [PMID: 33747697 PMCID: PMC7940817 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.12.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembly of iron(II) phthalocyanine (FePc) molecules on a Ge(001):H surface results in monolayer islands extending over hundreds of nanometers and comprising upright-oriented entities. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy reveals a transport gap of 2.70 eV in agreement with other reports regarding isolated FePc molecules. Detailed analysis of single FePc molecules trapped at surface defects indicates that the molecules stay intact upon adsorption and can be manipulated away from surface defects onto a perfectly hydrogenated surface. This allows for their isolation from the germanium surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafal Zuzak
- Centre for Nanometer-Scale Science and Advanced Materials, NANOSAM, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, PL 30-348 Kraków, Poland
| | - Marek Szymonski
- Centre for Nanometer-Scale Science and Advanced Materials, NANOSAM, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, PL 30-348 Kraków, Poland
| | - Szymon Godlewski
- Centre for Nanometer-Scale Science and Advanced Materials, NANOSAM, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, PL 30-348 Kraków, Poland
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Franco-Cañellas A, Duhm S, Gerlach A, Schreiber F. Binding and electronic level alignment of π-conjugated systems on metals. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2020; 83:066501. [PMID: 32101802 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ab7a42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
We review the binding and energy level alignment of π-conjugated systems on metals, a field which during the last two decades has seen tremendous progress both in terms of experimental characterization as well as in the depth of theoretical understanding. Precise measurements of vertical adsorption distances and the electronic structure together with ab initio calculations have shown that most of the molecular systems have to be considered as intermediate cases between weak physisorption and strong chemisorption. In this regime, the subtle interplay of different effects such as covalent bonding, charge transfer, electrostatic and van der Waals interactions yields a complex situation with different adsorption mechanisms. In order to establish a better understanding of the binding and the electronic level alignment of π-conjugated molecules on metals, we provide an up-to-date overview of the literature, explain the fundamental concepts as well as the experimental techniques and discuss typical case studies. Thereby, we relate the geometric with the electronic structure in a consistent picture and cover the entire range from weak to strong coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoni Franco-Cañellas
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Corva M, Mohamed F, Tomsic E, Feng Z, Skala T, Comelli G, Seriani N, Peressi M, Vesselli E. Substrate- to Laterally-Driven Self-Assembly Steered by Cu Nanoclusters: The Case of FePcs on an Ultrathin Alumina Film. ACS NANO 2018; 12:10755-10763. [PMID: 30212186 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b05992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We show that, for the formation of a metallorganic monolayer, it is possible to artificially divert from substrate- to laterally-driven self-assembly mechanisms by properly tailoring the corrugation of the potential energy surface of the growth template. By exploiting the capability of an ultrathin alumina film to host metallic nanoparticle seeds, we tune the symmetry of a iron phthalocyanine (FePc) two-dimensional crystal, thus showing that it is possible to switch from trans to lateral dominating interactions in the controlled growth of an organic/inorganic heterostack. Finally, by selecting the size of the metallic clusters, we can also control the FePc-metal interaction strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Corva
- Physics Department , University of Trieste , via A. Valerio 2 , Trieste 34127 , Italy
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali CNR-IOM , S.S. 14 km 163.5, Area Science Park , Basovizza, Trieste 34149 , Italy
| | - Fatema Mohamed
- Physics Department , University of Trieste , via A. Valerio 2 , Trieste 34127 , Italy
| | - Erika Tomsic
- Physics Department , University of Trieste , via A. Valerio 2 , Trieste 34127 , Italy
| | - Zhijing Feng
- Physics Department , University of Trieste , via A. Valerio 2 , Trieste 34127 , Italy
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali CNR-IOM , S.S. 14 km 163.5, Area Science Park , Basovizza, Trieste 34149 , Italy
| | - Tomas Skala
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics , Charles University , V Holešovičkách 2 , Prague 8 18000 , Czech Republic
| | - Giovanni Comelli
- Physics Department , University of Trieste , via A. Valerio 2 , Trieste 34127 , Italy
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali CNR-IOM , S.S. 14 km 163.5, Area Science Park , Basovizza, Trieste 34149 , Italy
| | - Nicola Seriani
- The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) , Strada Costiera 11 , Trieste 34151 , Italy
| | - Maria Peressi
- Physics Department , University of Trieste , via A. Valerio 2 , Trieste 34127 , Italy
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali CNR-IOM , S.S. 14 km 163.5, Area Science Park , Basovizza, Trieste 34149 , Italy
| | - Erik Vesselli
- Physics Department , University of Trieste , via A. Valerio 2 , Trieste 34127 , Italy
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali CNR-IOM , S.S. 14 km 163.5, Area Science Park , Basovizza, Trieste 34149 , Italy
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Li J, Wäckerlin C, Schnidrig S, Joliat E, Alberto R, Ernst KH. On-Surface Metalation and 2D Self-Assembly of Pyrphyrin Molecules Into Metal-Coordinated Networks on Cu(111). Helv Chim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201600278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Li
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology; Überlandstrasse 129 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
| | - Christian Wäckerlin
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology; Überlandstrasse 129 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
| | - Stephan Schnidrig
- Department of Chemistry; University of Zurich; Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Evelyne Joliat
- Department of Chemistry; University of Zurich; Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Roger Alberto
- Department of Chemistry; University of Zurich; Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Karl-Heinz Ernst
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology; Überlandstrasse 129 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry; University of Zurich; Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
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