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Zhou Y, Meng Y, Luo G, Chen B, Zhong D, Hu Y. Laser-Induced Stress-Driven Nanoplate Jumping Visualized by Ultrafast Electron Microscopy. ACS NANO 2024. [PMID: 39018251 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c05717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Understanding laser-induced jumping has attracted great interest in nanomaterial launching and transfer but requires a high spatiotemporal resolution visualization. Here, we report a jumping dynamics of nanoplate driven by ultrafast laser-induced stress using time-resolved transmission electron microscopy. Single-shot imaging reveals a nondestructive launching of gold nanoplates in several nanoseconds after the pulsed femtosecond laser excitation. The temperature rise and acoustic vibration, derived from ultrafast electron crystallography with a picosecond time resolution, confirm the existence of a laser-induced elastic stress wave. The generation, propagation, and reflection of thermal stress waves are further clarified by atomic simulation. The nonequilibrium ultrafast laser heating produces a compressive stress wave within several picoseconds, constrained by the supporting substrate under nanoplate to provide thrust force. This compressive stress is subsequently reflected into tensile stress by the substrate, promoting the nanoplate to jump off the substrate. Furthermore, the uneven interface adhesion results in the jumping flip of nanoplates, as well as, diminished their jumping speed. This study unveils the jumping regime driven by impulsive laser-excited stress and offers understanding of light-matter interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yenan Meng
- Center for Ultrafast Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Guohu Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Center for Ultrafast Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Dongping Zhong
- Center for Ultrafast Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yongxiang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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2
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Ilyakov I, Brataas A, de Oliveira TVAG, Ponomaryov A, Deinert JC, Hellwig O, Faßbender J, Lindner J, Salikhov R, Kovalev S. Efficient ultrafast field-driven spin current generation for spintronic terahertz frequency conversion. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7010. [PMID: 37919284 PMCID: PMC10622539 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42845-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficient generation and control of spin currents launched by terahertz (THz) radiation with subsequent ultrafast spin-to-charge conversion is the current challenge for the next generation of high-speed communication and data processing units. Here, we demonstrate that THz light can efficiently drive coherent angular momentum transfer in nanometer-thick ferromagnet/heavy-metal heterostructures. This process is non-resonant and does neither require external magnetic fields nor cryogenics. The efficiency of this process is more than one order of magnitude higher as compared to the recently observed THz-induced spin pumping in MnF2 antiferromagnet. The coherently driven spin currents originate from the ultrafast spin Seebeck effect, caused by a THz-induced temperature imbalance in electronic and magnonic temperatures and fast relaxation of the electron-phonon system. Owing to the fact that the electron-phonon relaxation time is comparable with the period of a THz wave, the induced spin current results in THz second harmonic generation and THz optical rectification, providing a spintronic basis for THz frequency mixing and rectifying components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Ilyakov
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Arne Brataas
- Center for Quantum Spintronics, Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Alexey Ponomaryov
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jan-Christoph Deinert
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Olav Hellwig
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Institute of Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09107, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Jürgen Faßbender
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Institute of Solid State and Materials Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jürgen Lindner
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ruslan Salikhov
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Sergey Kovalev
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany.
- Technische Universität Dortmund, 44227, Dortmund, Germany.
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Pustovalov VK. Multi-temperature modeling of femtosecond laser pulse on metallic nanoparticles accounting for the temperature dependences of the parameters. NANOTECHNOLOGY AND PRECISION ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1063/10.0013776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
This review considers the fundamental dynamical processes of metal nanoparticles during and after the impact of a femtosecond laser pulse on a nanoparticle, including the absorption of photons. Understanding the sequence of events after photon absorption and their timescales is important for many applications of nanoparticles. Various processes are discussed, starting with optical absorption by electrons, proceeding through the relaxation of the electrons due to electron–electron scattering and electron–phonon coupling, and ending with the dissipation of the nanoparticle energy into the environment. The goal is to consider the timescales, values, and temperature dependences of the electron heat capacity and the electron–phonon coupling parameter that describe these processes and how these dependences affect the electron energy relaxation. Two- and four-temperature models for describing electron–phonon relaxation are discussed. Significant emphasis is paid to the proposed analytical approach to modeling processes during the action of a femtosecond laser pulse on a metal nanoparticle. These consider the temperature dependences of the electron heat capacity and the electron–phonon coupling factor of the metal. The entire process is divided into four stages: (1) the heating of the electron system by a pulse, (2) electron thermalization, (3) electron–phonon energy exchange and the equalization of the temperature of the electrons with the lattice, and (4) cooling of the nanoparticle. There is an appropriate analytical description of each stage. The four-temperature model can estimate the parameters of the laser and nanoparticles needed for applications of femtosecond laser pulses and nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor K. Pustovalov
- Belarussian National Technical University, Pr. Independency, 65, Minsk 220013, Belarus
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Arefev MI, Shugaev MV, Zhigilei LV. Kinetics of laser-induced melting of thin gold film: How slow can it get? SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo2621. [PMID: 36129986 PMCID: PMC9491712 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo2621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Melting is a common and well-studied phenomenon that still reveals new facets when triggered by laser excitation and probed with ultrafast electron diffraction. Recent experimental evidence of anomalously slow nanosecond-scale melting of thin gold films irradiated by femtosecond laser pulses motivates computational efforts aimed at revealing the underlying mechanisms of melting. Atomistic simulations reveal that a combined effect of lattice superheating and relaxation of laser-induced stresses ensures the dominance of the homogeneous melting mechanism at all energies down to the melting threshold and keeps the time scale of melting within ~100 picoseconds. The much longer melting times and the prominent contribution of heterogeneous melting inferred from the experiments cannot be reconciled with the atomistic simulations by any reasonable variation of the electron-phonon coupling strength, thus suggesting the need for further coordinated experimental and theoretical efforts aimed at addressing the mechanisms and kinetics of laser-induced melting in the vicinity of melting threshold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail I. Arefev
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4745, USA
| | - Maxim V. Shugaev
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4745, USA
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Zahn D, Seiler H, Windsor YW, Ernstorfer R. Ultrafast lattice dynamics and electron-phonon coupling in platinum extracted with a global fitting approach for time-resolved polycrystalline diffraction data. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2021; 8:064301. [PMID: 34805449 PMCID: PMC8594951 DOI: 10.1063/4.0000120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative knowledge of electron-phonon coupling is important for many applications as well as for the fundamental understanding of nonequilibrium relaxation processes. Time-resolved diffraction provides direct access to this knowledge through its sensitivity to laser-induced lattice dynamics. Here, we present an approach for analyzing time-resolved polycrystalline diffraction data. A two-step routine is used to minimize the number of time-dependent fit parameters. The lattice dynamics are extracted by finding the best fit to the full transient diffraction pattern rather than by analyzing transient changes of individual Debye-Scherrer rings. We apply this approach to platinum, an important component of novel photocatalytic and spintronic applications, for which a large variation of literature values exists for the electron-phonon coupling parameterG ep . Based on the extracted evolution of the atomic mean squared displacement and using a two-temperature model, we obtainG ep = ( 3.9 ± 0.2 ) × 10 17 W m 3 K (statistical error). We find that at least up to an absorbed energy density of 124 J/cm3,G ep is not fluence-dependent. Our results for the lattice dynamics of platinum provide insights into electron-phonon coupling and phonon thermalization and constitute a basis for quantitative descriptions of platinum-based heterostructures in nonequilibrium conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Zahn
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hélène Seiler
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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Direct treatment of interaction between laser-field and electrons for simulating laser processing of metals. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14626. [PMID: 34272433 PMCID: PMC8285478 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94036-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Laser ablation is often simulated by the two-temperature model in which electrons are assumed to be thermalized by laser irradiation, while an explicit representation of interaction between laser-field and electrons is challenging but beneficial as being free from any adjustable parameters. Here, an ab initio method based on the time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) in which electron-ion dynamics under a laser field are numerically simulated is examined as a tool for simulating femtosecond laser processing of metals. Laser-induced volume expansion in surface normal directions of Cu(111) and Ni(111) surfaces are simulated by using repeating slab models. The amount of simulated volume expansion is compared between Cu(111) and Ni(111) slabs for the same laser pulse conditions, and the Ni slab is found to expand more than the Cu slab despite the smaller thermal expansion coefficient of Ni compared with Cu. The analyzed electronic excitation and lattice motion were compared to those in the two-temperature model. The threshold fluence to release surface Cu atom deduced from current TDDFT approach is found to be comparable to those of Cu ablation reported experimentally.
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7
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Shimojima T, Nakamura A, Yu X, Karube K, Taguchi Y, Tokura Y, Ishizaka K. Nano-to-micro spatiotemporal imaging of magnetic skyrmion's life cycle. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/25/eabg1322. [PMID: 34134977 PMCID: PMC8208720 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg1322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic skyrmions are self-organized topological spin textures that behave like particles. Because of their fast creation and typically long lifetime, experimental verification of skyrmion's creation/annihilation processes has been challenging. Here, we successfully track skyrmion dynamics in defect-introduced Co9Zn9Mn2 by using pump-probe Lorentz transmission electron microscope. Following the nanosecond photothermal excitation, we resolve 160-nm skyrmion's proliferation at <1 ns, contraction at 5 ns, drift from 10 ns to 4 μs, and coalescence at ~5 μs. These motions relay the multiscale arrangement and relaxation of skyrmion clusters in a repeatable cycle of 20 kHz. Such repeatable dynamics of skyrmions, arising from the weakened but still persistent topological protection around defects, enables us to visualize the whole life of the skyrmions and demonstrates the possible high-frequency manipulations of topological charges brought by skyrmions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Asuka Nakamura
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako 351-0198, Japan
| | - Xiuzhen Yu
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kosuke Karube
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yasujiro Taguchi
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Tokura
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako 351-0198, Japan
- Quantum-Phase Electronics Center (QPEC) and Department of Applied Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Tokyo College, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kyoko Ishizaka
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako 351-0198, Japan
- Quantum-Phase Electronics Center (QPEC) and Department of Applied Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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Windsor YW, Zahn D, Kamrla R, Feldl J, Seiler H, Chiang CT, Ramsteiner M, Widdra W, Ernstorfer R, Rettig L. Exchange-Striction Driven Ultrafast Nonthermal Lattice Dynamics in NiO. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:147202. [PMID: 33891443 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.147202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We use femtosecond electron diffraction to study ultrafast lattice dynamics in the highly correlated antiferromagnetic (AFM) semiconductor NiO. Using the scattering vector (Q) dependence of Bragg diffraction, we introduce Q-resolved effective temperatures describing the transient lattice. We identify a nonthermal lattice state with preferential displacement of O compared to Ni ions, which occurs within ∼0.3 ps and persists for 25 ps. We associate this with transient changes to the AFM exchange striction-induced lattice distortion, supported by the observation of a transient Q asymmetry of Friedel pairs. Our observation highlights the role of spin-lattice coupling in routes towards ultrafast control of spin order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y W Windsor
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - D Zahn
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - R Kamrla
- Institute of Physics, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - J Feldl
- Paul-Drude-Institut für Festkörperelektronik, Leibniz-Institut im Forschungsverbund Berlin e.V., Hausvogteiplatz 5-7, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - H Seiler
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - C-T Chiang
- Institute of Physics, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - M Ramsteiner
- Paul-Drude-Institut für Festkörperelektronik, Leibniz-Institut im Forschungsverbund Berlin e.V., Hausvogteiplatz 5-7, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - W Widdra
- Institute of Physics, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - R Ernstorfer
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - L Rettig
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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Sokolowski-Tinten K, Shen X, Zheng Q, Chase T, Coffee R, Jerman M, Li RK, Ligges M, Makasyuk I, Mo M, Reid AH, Rethfeld B, Vecchione T, Weathersby SP, Dürr HA, Wang XJ. Electron-lattice energy relaxation in laser-excited thin-film Au-insulator heterostructures studied by ultrafast MeV electron diffraction. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2017; 4:054501. [PMID: 28795080 PMCID: PMC5522339 DOI: 10.1063/1.4995258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
We apply time-resolved MeV electron diffraction to study the electron-lattice energy relaxation in thin film Au-insulator heterostructures. Through precise measurements of the transient Debye-Waller-factor, the mean-square atomic displacement is directly determined, which allows to quantitatively follow the temporal evolution of the lattice temperature after short pulse laser excitation. Data obtained over an extended range of laser fluences reveal an increased relaxation rate when the film thickness is reduced or the Au-film is capped with an additional insulator top-layer. This behavior is attributed to a cross-interfacial coupling of excited electrons in the Au film to phonons in the adjacent insulator layer(s). Analysis of the data using the two-temperature-model taking explicitly into account the additional energy loss at the interface(s) allows to deduce the relative strength of the two relaxation channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sokolowski-Tinten
- Faculty of Physics and Centre for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstrasse 1, 47048 Duisburg, Germany
| | - X Shen
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd., Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Q Zheng
- School of Materials and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, China
| | - T Chase
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd., Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - R Coffee
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd., Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - M Jerman
- Faculty of Physics and Centre for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstrasse 1, 47048 Duisburg, Germany
| | - R K Li
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd., Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - M Ligges
- Faculty of Physics and Centre for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstrasse 1, 47048 Duisburg, Germany
| | - I Makasyuk
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd., Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - M Mo
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd., Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - A H Reid
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd., Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - B Rethfeld
- Department of Physics and OPTIMAS Research Center, Technical University Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Strae 46, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - T Vecchione
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd., Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - S P Weathersby
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd., Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - H A Dürr
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd., Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - X J Wang
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd., Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
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