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Aarabi M, Gholami S, Grabowski SJ. Double Centrosymmetric Si···π Tetrel Bonds as New Synthons─Evidence from Crystal Structures and DFT Calculations. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:9995-10007. [PMID: 37975750 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c06514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The crystal structure of bis((μ2-ethynylsilyloxo)-dichloro-aluminum), BEDCA, and a few related structures are characterized by the occurrence of tetrel bonds that link molecules. Particularly, centosymmetric dimers in such structures occur that are connected by two equivalent Si···π tetrel bonds. The dimer of BEDCA and dimers of other model species that similarly are linked by two equivalent Si···π tetrel bonds are analyzed theoretically. Some of the complexes calculated here are also characterized by the occurrence of triel bonds. Thus, ωB97XD/aug-cc-pVTZ calculations are performed and these DFT results are further supported by calculations with the use of other theoretical approaches: the quantum theory of atoms in molecules, QTAIM; the natural bond orbital, NBO; the energy decomposition analysis, EDA; and the noncovalent interactions method, NCI. The results show that the tetrel bonds analyzed here are rather weak, and they are not detected by the QTAIM approach; however, they are detected by other approaches, like NBO, for example. On the other hand, the triel bonds that occur in a few complexes discussed here are very strong and possess characteristics of covalent bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Aarabi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran
| | - Samira Gholami
- Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran
| | - Sławomir J Grabowski
- Polimero eta Material Aurreratuak: Fisika, Kimika eta Teknologia, Kimika Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea UPV/EHU & Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) PK 1072, 20080 Donostia, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011 Bilbao, Spain
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2
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Niu Z, McDowell SAC, Li Q. The Tetrel Bonds of Hypervalent Halogen Compounds. Molecules 2023; 28:7087. [PMID: 37894566 PMCID: PMC10609133 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The tetrel bond between PhXF2Y(TF3) (T = C and Si; X = Cl, Br, and I; Y = F and Cl) and the electron donor MCN (M = Li and Na) was investigated at the M06-2X/aug-cc-pVDZ level of theory. As the electronegativity of the halogen atom X increases, the strength of the tetrel bond also increases, but as the electronegativity of the halogen atom Y increases, the strength of the tetrel bond decreases. The magnitude of the interaction energy in most -CF3 complexes was found to be less than 10 kcal/mol, but to exceed 11 kcal/mol for PhClF2Cl(CF3)⋯NCNa. The tetrel bond is greatly enhanced when the -SiF3 group interacts with LiCN or NaCN, with the largest interaction energy approaching 100 kcal/mol and displaying a covalent Si⋯N interaction. Along with this enhancement, the Si⋯N distance was found to be less than the X-Si bond length, the -SiF3 group to be closer to the N atom, and in most -SiF3 systems, the X-Si-F angle to be less than 90°; the -SiF3 group therefore undergoes inversion and complete transfer in some systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Niu
- The Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China;
| | - Sean A. C. McDowell
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Bridgetown BB11000, Barbados
| | - Qingzhong Li
- The Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China;
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3
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Niu Z, Wu Q, Li Q, Scheiner S. C∙∙∙O and Si∙∙∙O Tetrel Bonds: Substituent Effects and Transfer of the SiF 3 Group. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11884. [PMID: 37569259 PMCID: PMC10418337 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241511884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The tetrel bond (TB) between 1,2-benzisothiazol-3-one-2-TF3-1,1-dioxide (T = C, Si) and the O atom of pyridine-1-oxide (PO) and its derivatives (PO-X, X = H, NO2, CN, F, CH3, OH, OCH3, NH2, and Li) is examined by quantum chemical means. The Si∙∙∙O TB is quite strong, with interaction energies approaching a maximum of nearly 70 kcal/mol, while the C∙∙∙O TB is an order of magnitude weaker, with interaction energies between 2.0 and 2.6 kcal/mol. An electron-withdrawing substituent on the Lewis base weakens this TB, while an electron-donating group has the opposite effect. The SiF3 group transfers roughly halfway between the N of the acid and the O of the base without the aid of cooperative effects from a third entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Niu
- The Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (Z.N.); (Q.W.)
| | - Qiaozhuo Wu
- The Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (Z.N.); (Q.W.)
| | - Qingzhong Li
- The Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (Z.N.); (Q.W.)
| | - Steve Scheiner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
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4
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Chen Y, Yao L, Wang F. Intermolecular interactions between the heavy-atom analogues of acetylene T 2H 2 (T = Si, Ge, Sn, Pb) and HCN. J Mol Model 2023; 29:52. [PMID: 36689026 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-023-05459-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
METHODS The intermolecular interactions between the heavy-atom analogues of acetylene T2H2 (T = Si, Ge, Sn, Pb) and HCN have been investigated by theoretical calculations at the CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ//MP2/aug-cc-pVDZ level. RESULTS The global energy minimum of T2H2 is the butterfly structure A, and another energy minimum is the planar structure B. Both structures A and B exhibit the dual behavior when binding with HCN. The various hydrogen bond (HB), dihydrogen bond (DB) and tetrel bond (TB) complexes can be found according to the MEP maps of T2H2. One TB and three HB complexes formed between structure A and HCN can be located for Si2H2 and Ge2H2. One TB, two HB and one DB complexes formed between structure A and HCN can be located for Sn2H2 and Pb2H2. Four TB and one HB complexes formed between structure B and HCN can be located for all the T2H2. The geometries and binding strengths of the complexes are compared and analyzed. CONCLUSIONS The interactions in these complexes are generally weak, and the interaction energies of these complexes range from -0.53 to -8.23 kcal/mol. The interaction energies of the TB complexes are larger than those of the corresponding HB and DB complexes for structure A···HCN systems. The relative binding strength of the four TB complexes exhibits different order for different structure B···HCN systems, which is consistent with the MEP maps of the isolated monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yishan Chen
- School of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, 655011, Yunnan, China.
| | - Lifeng Yao
- School of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, 655011, Yunnan, China
| | - Fan Wang
- School of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, 655011, Yunnan, China
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5
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Bartashevich EV, Mukhitdinova SE, Klyuev IV, Tsirelson VG. Can We Merge the Weak and Strong Tetrel Bonds? Electronic Features of Tetrahedral Molecules Interacted with Halide Anions. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175411. [PMID: 36080180 PMCID: PMC9458139 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Using the orbital-free quantum crystallography approach, we have disclosed the quantitative trends in electronic features for bonds of different strengths formed by tetrel (Tt) atoms in stable molecular complexes consisting of electrically neutral tetrahedral molecules and halide anions. We have revealed the role of the electrostatic and exchange-correlation components of the total one-electron static potential that are determined by the equilibrium atomic structure and by kinetic Pauli potential, which reflects the spin-dependent electron motion features of the weak and strong bonds. The gap between the extreme positions in the electrostatic and total static potentials along the line linking the Tt atom and halide anion is wide for weak bonds and narrow for strong ones. It is in very good agreement with the number of minima in the Pauli potential between the bounded atoms. This gap exponentially correlates with the exchange-correlation potential in various series with a fixed nucleophilic fragment. A criterion for categorizing the noncovalent tetrel bonds (TtB) based on the potential features is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina V Bartashevich
- Chemistry Department, South Ural State University (National Research University), 76, Lenin Av., 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia
| | - Svetlana E Mukhitdinova
- Chemistry Department, South Ural State University (National Research University), 76, Lenin Av., 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia
| | - Iliya V Klyuev
- Chemistry Department, South Ural State University (National Research University), 76, Lenin Av., 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia
| | - Vladimir G Tsirelson
- Chemistry Department, South Ural State University (National Research University), 76, Lenin Av., 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia
- Quantum Chemistry Department, D.I. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology, 125047 Moscow, Russia
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6
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Wu Q, Xie X, Li Q, Scheiner S. Enhancement of tetrel bond involving tetrazole-TtR 3 (Tt = C, Si; R = H, F). Promotion of SiR 3 transfer by a triel bond. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:25895-25903. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04194d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The combination of a CR3 (R = H, F) with a tetrazole can result in a moderate carbon bond, which can be further strengthened by a triel bond. On the other hand, SiR3 group is half transferred between the two N atoms in these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaozhuo Wu
- The Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoying Xie
- The Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, P. R. China
| | - Qingzhong Li
- The Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, P. R. China
| | - Steve Scheiner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-0300, USA
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7
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An X, Yang X, Li Q. Tetrel Bonds between Phenyltrifluorosilane and Dimethyl Sulfoxide: Influence of Basis Sets, Substitution and Competition. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26237231. [PMID: 34885810 PMCID: PMC8658981 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ab initio calculations have been performed for the complexes of DMSO and phenyltrifluorosilane (PTS) and its derivatives with a substituent of NH3, OCH3, CH3, OH, F, CHO, CN, NO2, and SO3H. It is necessary to use sufficiently flexible basis sets, such as aug’-cc-pVTZ, to get reliable results for the Si···O tetrel bonds. The tetrel bond in these complexes has been characterized in views of geometries, interaction energies, orbital interactions and topological parameters. The electron-donating group in PTS weakens this interaction and the electron-withdrawing group prominently strengthens it to the point where it exceeds that of the majority of hydrogen bonds. The largest interaction energy occurs in the p-HO3S-PhSiF3···DMSO complex, amounting to −122 kJ/mol. The strong Si···O tetrel bond depends to a large extent on the charge transfer from the O lone pair into the empty p orbital of Si, although it has a dominant electrostatic character. For the PTS derivatives of NH2, OH, CHO and NO2, the hydrogen bonded complex is favorable to the tetrel bonded complex for the NH2 and OH derivatives, while the σ-hole interaction prefers the π-hole interaction for the CHO and NO2 derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiulin An
- College of Life Science, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China;
| | - Xin Yang
- The Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China;
| | - Qingzhong Li
- The Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China;
- Correspondence:
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8
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Liu N, Xie X, Li Q, Scheiner S. Enhancement of the Tetrel Bond by the Effects of Substituents, Cooperativity, and Electric Field: Transition from Noncovalent to Covalent Bond. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:2305-2312. [PMID: 34436816 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The T⋅⋅⋅N tetrel bond (TB) formed between TX3 OH (T=C, Si, Ge; X=H, F) and the Lewis base N≡CM (M=H, Li, Na) is studied by ab initio calculations at the MP2/aug-cc-pVTZ level. Complexes involving TH3 OH contain a conventional TB with interaction energy less than 10 kcal/mol. This bond is substantially strengthened, approaching 35 kcal/mol and covalent character, when fluorosubstituted TF3 OH is combined with NCLi or NCNa. Along with this enhanced binding comes a near equalization of the TB T⋅⋅⋅N and the internal T-O bond lengths, and the associated structure acquires a trigonal bipyramidal shape, despite a high internal deformation energy. This structural transformation becomes more complete, and the TB is further strengthened upon adding an electron acceptor BeCl2 to the Lewis acid and a base to the NCM unit. This same TB strengthening can be accomplished also by imposition of an external electric field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Liu
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Xiaoying Xie
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Qingzhong Li
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Steve Scheiner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-0300, USA
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9
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Yang Q, Zhang X, Li Q. Comparison for Electron Donor Capability of Carbon-Bound Halogens in Tetrel Bonds. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:29037-29044. [PMID: 34746592 PMCID: PMC8567400 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The tetrel bond formed by HC≡CX, H2C=CHX, and H3CCH2X (X=F, Cl, Br, I) as an electron donor and TH3F (T=C, Si, Ge) was explored by ab initio calculations. The tetrel bond formed by H3CCH2X is the strongest, as high as -3.45 kcal/mol for the H3CCH2F···GeH3F dimer, followed by H2C=CHX, and the weakest bond is from HC≡CX, where the tetrel bond can be as small as -0.8 kcal/mol. The strength of the tetrel bond increases in the order of C < Si < Ge. For the H3CCH2X and HC≡CX complexes, the tetrel bond strength shows a similar increasing tendency with the decrease of the electronegativity of the halogen atom. Electrostatic interaction plays the largest role in the stronger tetrel bonds, while dispersion interaction makes an important contribution to the H2C=CHX complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Yang
- The Laboratory of Theoretical
and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Zhang
- The Laboratory of Theoretical
and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingzhong Li
- The Laboratory of Theoretical
and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, People’s Republic of China
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10
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Sitha S. Tetrel bonding in the realm of transition states favors silicon over Carbon: Role of water as a tetrel spectator in the formation of silaformamide. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2021.113456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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11
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Ibrahim MAA, Kamel AAK, Soliman MES, Moustafa MF, El-Mageed HRA, Taha F, Mohamed LA, Moussa NAM. Effect of External Electric Field on Tetrel Bonding Interactions in (FTF 3···FH) Complexes (T = C, Si, Ge, and Sn). ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:25476-25485. [PMID: 34632205 PMCID: PMC8495869 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c03461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A quantum chemical study was accomplished on the σ-hole interactions of the barely explored group IV elements, for the first time, in the absence and presence of the positively and negatively directed external electric field (EEF). The analyses of molecular electrostatic potential addressed the occurrence of the σ-hole on all the inspected tetrel atoms, confirming their salient versatility to engage in σ-hole interactions. MP2 energetic findings disclosed the occurrence of favorable σ-hole interactions within the tetrel bonding complexes. The tetrel bonding interactions became stronger in the order of C < Si < Ge < Sn for F-T-F3···FH complexes with the largest interaction energy amounting to -19.43 kcal/mol for the optimized F-Sn-F3···FH complex under the influence of +0.020 au EEF. The interaction energy conspicuously evolved by boosting the magnitude of the positively directed EEF value and declining the negatively directed EEF one. The decomposition analysis for the interaction energies was also executed in terms of symmetry-adapted perturbation theory, illuminating the dominant electrostatic contribution to all the studied complexes' interactions except carbon-based interactions controlled by dispersion forces. The outcomes that emerged from the current work reported significantly how the direction and strength of the EEF affect the tetrel-bonding interactions, leading to further improvements in the forthcoming studies of supramolecular chemistry and materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A. A. Ibrahim
- Computational
Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Afnan A. K. Kamel
- Computational
Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud E. S. Soliman
- Molecular
Bio-computation and Drug Design Lab, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Mahmoud F. Moustafa
- Department
of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid
University, Abha 9004, Saudi Arabia
- Department
of Botany & Microbiology, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
| | - H. R. Abd El-Mageed
- Micro-Analysis,
Environmental Research and Community Affairs Center (MAESC), Faculty
of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Fouad Taha
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Lamiaa A. Mohamed
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Nayra A. M. Moussa
- Computational
Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
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12
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Liu N, Liu J, Li Q, Scheiner S. Noncovalent bond between tetrel π-hole and hydride. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:10536-10544. [PMID: 33899891 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp01245b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The π-hole above the plane of the X2T'Y molecule (T' = Si, Ge, Sn; X = F, Cl, H; Y = O, S) was allowed to interact with the TH hydride of TH(CH3)3 (T = Si, Ge, Sn). The resulting THT' tetrel bond is quite strong, with interaction energies exceeding 30 kcal mol-1. F2T'O engages in the strongest such bonds, as compared to F2T'S, Cl2T'O, or Cl2T'S. The bond weakens as T' grows larger as in Si > Ge > Sn, despite the opposite trend in the depth of the π-hole. The reverse pattern of stronger tetrel bond with larger T is observed for the Lewis base TH(CH3)3, even though the minimum in the electrostatic potential around the H is nearly independent of T. The THT' arrangement is nonlinear which can be understood on the basis of the positions of the extrema in the molecular electrostatic potentials of the monomers. The tetrel bond is weakened when H2O forms an OT' tetrel bond with the second π-hole of F2T'O, and strengthened if H2O participates in an OHO H-bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Liu
- The Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiaxing Liu
- The Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qingzhong Li
- The Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, People's Republic of China.
| | - Steve Scheiner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-0300, USA.
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13
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Intermolecular interactions between the heavy alkenes H 2Si = TH 2 (T = C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb) and acetylene. J Mol Model 2021; 27:110. [PMID: 33743078 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-021-04738-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The intermolecular interactions between the heavy alkenes H2Si = TH2 (T = C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb) and C2H2 have been calculated at the CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ//MP2/aug-cc-pVDZ level, and the nature of these complexes has been investigated by natural bond orbital. The four types (type-A, type-B, type-C and type-D) of complexes can be located for H2Si = TH2···C2H2 system. The complexes involving H2Si = TH2···C2F2 and H2Si = TH2···C2(CN)2 have also been examined to explore the substituent effects. Some complexes which are stable for H2Si = TH2···C2H2 system become unstable for H2Si = TH2···C2F2 or H2Si = TH2···C2(CN)2 system, while other complexes which are unstable for H2Si = TH2···C2H2 system become stable for H2Si = TH2···C2F2 or H2Si = TH2···C2(CN)2 system.
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14
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Ibrahim MAA, Telb EMZ. Comparison of ±σ-hole and ±R˙-hole interactions formed by tetrel-containing complexes: a computational study. RSC Adv 2021; 11:4011-4021. [PMID: 35424365 PMCID: PMC8694216 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra09564h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
For the first time, unconventional ±R˙-hole interactions were unveiled in tetrel-containing complexes. The nature and characteristics of ±R˙-hole interactions were explored relative to their ±σ-hole counterparts for ˙TF3⋯ and W-T-F3⋯B/R˙/A complexes (where T = C, Si, and Ge, W = H and F, B = Lewis bases, R˙ = free radicals, and A = Lewis acids). In an effort to thoroughly investigate such interactions, a plethora of quantum mechanical calculations, including molecular electrostatic potential (MEP), maximum positive electrostatic potential (V s,max), point-of-charge (PoC), interaction energy, symmetry adapted perturbation theory (SAPT), and reduced density gradient-noncovalent interaction (RDG-NCI) calculations, were applied. The most notable findings to emerge from this study are that (i) from the electrostatic perspective, the molecular stabilization energies of ˙TF3 and W-T-F3 monomers became more negative as the Lewis basicity increased, (ii) the most stable complexes were observed for the ones containing Lewis bases, forming -σ-hole and -R˙-hole interactions, and the interaction energies systematically increased in the order H-T-F3⋯B < ˙TF3⋯B < F-T-F3⋯B, (iii) contrariwise, the +σ-hole and +R˙-hole interactions with Lewis acids are more energetically favorable in the order F-T-F3⋯A < ˙TF3⋯A < H-T-F3⋯A, and (iv) generally, the dispersion force plays a key role in stabilizing the tetrel-containing complexes, jointly with the electrostatic and induction forces for the interactions with Lewis bases and acids, respectively. Concretely, the findings presented in this paper add to our understanding of the characteristics and nature of such intriguing interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A A Ibrahim
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University Minia 61519 Egypt
| | - Ebtisam M Z Telb
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University Minia 61519 Egypt
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15
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Ibrahim MAA, Saad SMA, Al-Fahemi JH, Mekhemer GAH, Ahmed SA, Shawky AM, Moussa NAM. External electric field effects on the σ-hole and lone-pair hole interactions of group V elements: a comparative investigation. RSC Adv 2021; 11:4022-4034. [PMID: 35424345 PMCID: PMC8694126 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra09765a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
σ-hole and lone-pair (lp) hole interactions of trivalent pnicogen-bearing (ZF3) compounds were comparatively scrutinized, for the first time, under field-free and external electric field (EEF) conditions. Conspicuously, the sizes of the σ-hole and lp-hole were increased by applying an EEF along the positive direction, while the sizes of both holes decreased through the reverse EEF direction. The MP2 energetic calculations of ZF3⋯FH/NCH complexes revealed that σ-holes exhibited more impressive interaction energies compared to the lp-holes. Remarkably, the strengths of σ-hole and lp-hole interactions evolved with the increment of the positive value of the considered EEF; i.e., the interaction energy increased as the utilized EEF value increased. Unexpectedly, under field-free conditions, nitrogen-bearing complexes showed superior strength for their lp-hole interactions than phosphorus-bearing complexes. However, the reverse picture was exhibited for the interaction energies of nitrogen- and phosphorus-bearing complexes interacting within lp-holes by applying the high values of a positively directed EEF. These results significantly demonstrate the crucial influence of EEF on the strength of σ-hole and lp-hole interactions, which in turn leads to an omnipresent enhancement for variable fields, including biological simulations and material science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A A Ibrahim
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University Minia 61519 Egypt
| | - Sherif M A Saad
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University Minia 61519 Egypt
| | - Jabir H Al-Fahemi
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University Makkah 21955 Saudi Arabia
| | - Gamal A H Mekhemer
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University Minia 61519 Egypt
| | - Saleh A Ahmed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University Makkah 21955 Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University Assiut 71516 Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Shawky
- Science and Technology Unit (STU), Umm Al-Qura University Makkah 21955 Saudi Arabia
- Central Laboratory for Micro-analysis, Minia University Minia 61519 Egypt
| | - Nayra A M Moussa
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University Minia 61519 Egypt
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16
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Abstract
The tetrel bond (TB) recruits an element drawn from the C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb family as electron acceptor in an interaction with a partner Lewis base. The underlying principles that explain this attractive interaction are described in terms of occupied and vacant orbitals, total electron density, and electrostatic potential. These principles facilitate a delineation of the factors that feed into a strong TB. The geometric deformation that occurs within the tetrel-bearing Lewis acid monomer is a particularly important issue, with both primary and secondary effects. As a first-row atom of low polarizability, C is a reluctant participant in TBs, but its preponderance in organic and biochemistry make it extremely important that its potential in this regard be thoroughly understood. The IR and NMR manifestations of tetrel bonding are explored as spectroscopy offers a bridge to experimental examination of this phenomenon. In addition to the most common σ-hole type TBs, discussion is provided of π-hole interactions which are a result of a common alternate covalent bonding pattern of tetrel atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Scheiner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322-0300, USA.
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17
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Liu N, Li Q, McDowell SAC. Reliable Comparison of Pnicogen, Chalcogen, and Halogen Bonds in Complexes of 6-OXF 2-Fulvene (X = As, Sb, Se, Te, Be, I) With Three Electron Donors. Front Chem 2020; 8:608486. [PMID: 33425859 PMCID: PMC7793776 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.608486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The pnicogen, chalcogen, and halogen bonds between 6-OXF2-fulvene (X = As, Sb, Se, Te, Br, and I) and three nitrogen-containing bases (FCN, HCN, and NH3) are compared. For each nitrogen base, the halogen bond is strongest, followed by the pnicogen bond, and the chalcogen bond is weakest. For each type of bond, the binding increases in the FCN < HCN < NH3 pattern. Both FCN and HCN engage in a bond with comparable strengths and the interaction energies of most bonds are < -6 kcal/mol. However, the strongest base NH3 forms a much more stable complex, particularly for the halogen bond with the interaction energy going up to -18 kcal/mol. For the same type of interaction, its strength increases as the mass of the central X atom increases. These bonds are different in strength, but all of them are dominated by the electrostatic interaction, with the polarization contribution important for the stronger interaction. The presence of these bonds changes the geometries of 6-OXF2-fulvene, particularly for the halogen bond formed by NH3, where the F-X-F arrangement is almost vertical to the fulvene ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Liu
- The Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Qingzhong Li
- The Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Sean A C McDowell
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Cave Hill, Barbados
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18
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Chen Y, Wang F. Intermolecular Interactions Involving Heavy Alkenes H 2Si=TH 2 (T = C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb) with H 2O and HCl: Tetrel Bond and Hydrogen Bond. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:30210-30225. [PMID: 33251455 PMCID: PMC7689927 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c04682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The intermolecular interactions between the heavy alkenes H2Si=TH2 (T = C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb) and H2O or HCl have been explored at the CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ//MP2/aug-cc-pVDZ level. The various hydrogen bond (HB) and tetrel bond (TB) complexes can be located on the basis of molecular electrostatic potential maps of the isolated monomers. The competition between TB and HB interactions has been investigated through the relaxed potential energy surface scan. The results indicate that the HB complexes become more and more unstable relative to the TB complexes with the increase of the T atomic number, and cannot even retain as a minimum in some cases, for H2Si=TH2···H2O systems. In contrast, the HB complexes are generally more stable than TB complexes, and the TB complexes exhibit rather weak binding strength, for H2Si=TH2···HCl systems. The majority of the TB complexes formed between H2Si=TH2 and H2O possesses very strong binding strength with covalent characteristics. The noncovalent TB complexes can be divided into two types on the basis of the orbital interactions: π-hole complexes, with binding angles ranging from 91 to 111°, and hybrid σ/π-hole complexes, with binding angles ranging from 130 to 165°. The interplay between different molecular interactions has been explored, and an interesting result is that the covalent TB interaction is significantly abated and becomes noncovalent because of the competitive effect.
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19
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Zhao Q. Mutual influence of tetrel and halogen bonds between XCN (X=Cl, Br) and 4-TF3-pyridine (T=C, Si, Ge). J Mol Model 2020; 26:329. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-020-04596-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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20
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Ibrahim MAA, Telb EMZ. σ-Hole and Lone-Pair Hole Interactions in Chalcogen-Containing Complexes: A Comparative Study. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:21631-21640. [PMID: 32905338 PMCID: PMC7469375 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The potentiality of sp3-hybridized chalcogen-containing molecules to participate in lone-pair (lp) hole interactions was reported for the first time. lp hole interactions were characterized and compared to σ-hole ones for OF2 and SF2 molecules as a case study. Various quantum mechanical calculations, including molecular electrostatic potential (MEP), maximum positive electrostatic potential (V s,max), point of charge (PoC), symmetry-adapted perturbation theory (SAPT), quantum theory of atoms in molecule (QTAIM), and reduced density gradient-noncovalent interaction (RDG-NCI) calculations, were carried out. The more significant findings to emerge from this study are the following: (i) the V s,max calculation was proved to be an unreliable method to determine the precise σ-hole and lp hole locations. (ii) The maximum positive electrostatic potential of the σ hole and lp hole was found to be at the F-Chal···PoC angle (θ) of 180° and at the centroid of XYlp plane, respectively. (iii) Lewis basicity has a significant effect on the strength of σ-hole and lp hole interactions. (iv) The studied molecules more favorably interact with Lewis bases via the σ hole compared to the lp hole, and (v) stabilization of the σ-hole and lp hole interactions stems from the electrostatic and dispersion forces, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A. A. Ibrahim
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory,
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Ebtisam M. Z. Telb
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory,
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
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21
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Grabarz A, Michalczyk M, Zierkiewicz W, Scheiner S. Noncovalent Bonds between Tetrel Atoms. Chemphyschem 2020; 21:1934-1944. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202000444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Grabarz
- Faculty of Chemistry Wrocław University of Science and Technology Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27 50-370 Wrocław Poland
| | - Mariusz Michalczyk
- Faculty of Chemistry Wrocław University of Science and Technology Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27 50-370 Wrocław Poland
| | - Wiktor Zierkiewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry Wrocław University of Science and Technology Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27 50-370 Wrocław Poland
| | - Steve Scheiner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Utah State University Logan Utah 84322-0300 United States
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22
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An X, Han J. Influence of alkali substituents on the strength, properties, and nature of tetrel bond between TH 3F and pyridine. J Mol Model 2020; 26:224. [PMID: 32778949 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-020-04499-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Ab initio calculations have been performed for the complexes of TH3F (T=C, Si, and Ge) with pyridine and its alkali derivatives to study the influence of an alkali substituent on the strength, properties, and nature of tetrel bond. The introduction of an alkali atom into the electron donor has a prominent enhancing effect on the strength of tetrel bond, which depends on the T atom as well as the alkali atom and its substitution position. The enhancing effect becomes larger in the C < Ge < Si, Li < Na < K, and para- < meta- < ortho- patterns. The interaction energy varies in a wide range from 2 to 40 kcal/mol. Both electrostatic and polarization including charge transfer are responsible for the enhancing effect of an alkali atom. The formation of a tetrel bond results in an elongation of F-T bond and a red shift of F-T stretch vibration, which is big enough to be detected with infrared spectroscopy. Electrostatic interaction is dominant in all complexes, while polarization is smaller or larger than dispersion in the complexes of CH3F or TH3F(T=Si and Ge).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiulin An
- College of Life Science, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianqu Han
- The Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
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23
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Abstract
A central pnicogen Z atom (Z = Sb, As) is covalently attached to the O atom of three -O(CH2)nX chains where X represents either an aldehyde or amine group. The chain can fold around so that the basic X group can engage in a noncovalent pnicogen bond with the central Z. The formation of up to three pnicogen bonds is energetically favored. The amine appears to engage in stronger pnicogen bonds than does the aldehyde, and bonds to Sb are favored over As, but there is little dependence on the length of the chain. The formation of each successive pnicogen bond reduces the magnitude of the σ-holes surrounding the Z atom, which tends to weaken the attraction for the basic end of the chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Scheiner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322-0300, United States
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24
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Su P, Tang Z, Wu W. Generalized Kohn‐Sham energy decomposition analysis and its applications. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peifeng Su
- The State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen China
| | - Zhen Tang
- The State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen China
| | - Wei Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen China
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25
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Hou M, Zhu Y, Li Q, Scheiner S. Tuning the Competition between Hydrogen and Tetrel Bonds by a Magnesium Bond. Chemphyschem 2020; 21:212-219. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201901076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingchang Hou
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringYantai University Yantai 264005 China
| | - Yifan Zhu
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringYantai University Yantai 264005 China
| | - Qingzhong Li
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringYantai University Yantai 264005 China
| | - Steve Scheiner
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUtah State University Logan UT 84322-0300 USA
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26
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Scheiner S. The ditetrel bond: noncovalent bond between neutral tetrel atoms. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:16606-16614. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp03068f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The ability of a tetrel atom to serve in the capacity of electron donor in a σ-hole noncovalent bond is tested by quantum calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Scheiner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Utah State University Logan
- Logan
- USA
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27
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Synergistic and antagonistic interplay between tetrel bond and pnicogen bond in complexes involving ring compounds. J Mol Model 2019; 25:351. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-019-4206-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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28
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Tetrel Interactions from an Interacting Quantum Atoms Perspective. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24122204. [PMID: 31212835 PMCID: PMC6632095 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24122204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tetrel bonds, the purportedly non-covalent interaction between a molecule that contains an atom of group 14 and an anion or (more generally) an atom or molecule with lone electron pairs, are under intense scrutiny. In this work, we perform an interacting quantum atoms (IQA) analysis of several simple complexes formed between an electrophilic fragment (A) (CH3F, CH4, CO2, CS2, SiO2, SiH3F, SiH4, GeH3F, GeO2, and GeH4) and an electron-pair-rich system (B) (NCH, NCO-, OCN-, F-, Br-, CN-, CO, CS, Kr, NC-, NH3, OC, OH2, SH-, and N3-) at the aug-cc-pvtz coupled cluster singles and doubles (CCSD) level of calculation. The binding energy ( E bind AB ) is separated into intrafragment and inter-fragment components, and the latter in turn split into classical and covalent contributions. It is shown that the three terms are important in determining E bind AB , with absolute values that increase in passing from electrophilic fragments containing C, Ge, and Si. The degree of covalency between A and B is measured through the real space bond order known as the delocalization index ( δ AB ). Finally, a good linear correlation is found between δ AB and E xc AB , the exchange correlation (xc) or covalent contribution to E bind AB .
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29
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Hou M, Jin K, Li Q, Liu S. Systematic study of the substitution effect on the tetrel bond between 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane and TH 3X. RSC Adv 2019; 9:18459-18466. [PMID: 35515262 PMCID: PMC9064731 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra03351c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A tetrel bond was characterized in the complexes of 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) with TH3X (T = C, Si, Ge; X= -Me, -H, -OH, -NH2, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -CN, -NO2). DABCO engages in a weak tetrel bond with CH3X but a stronger one with SiH3X and GeH3X. SiH3X is favorable to bind with DABCO relative to GeH3X, inconsistent with the magnitude of the σ-hole on the tetrel atom. The methyl group in the tetrel donor weakens the tetrel bond but an enhancing effect is found for the other substituents, particularly -NO2. The substitution effect is also related to the nature of the tetrel atom. The halogen substitution from F to I has a weakening effect in the CH3X complex but an enhancing effect in the SiH3X complex and a negligible effect in the GeH3X complex. The above abnormal results found in these complexes can be partly attributed to the charge transfer from the lone pair on the nitrogen atom of DABCO into the anti-bonding orbital σ*(T-X) of TH3X. The stability of both SiH3X and GeH3X complexes is primarily controlled by electrostatic interactions and polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingchang Hou
- The Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University Yantai 264005 People's Republic of China
| | - Kunyu Jin
- The Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University Yantai 264005 People's Republic of China
| | - Qingzhong Li
- The Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University Yantai 264005 People's Republic of China
| | - Shufeng Liu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 PR China
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30
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Chipanina NN, Lazareva NF, Oznobikhina LP, Shainyan BA. Tetrel Bonding along the Pathways of Transsilylation and Alkylation of N-Trimethylsilyl-N-methylacetamide with Bifunctional (Chloromethyl)fluorosilanes. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:5178-5189. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b03876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nina N. Chipanina
- A.E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Favorsky Street, 664033 Irkutsk, Russian Federation
| | - Nataliya F. Lazareva
- A.E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Favorsky Street, 664033 Irkutsk, Russian Federation
| | - Larisa P. Oznobikhina
- A.E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Favorsky Street, 664033 Irkutsk, Russian Federation
| | - Bagrat A. Shainyan
- A.E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Favorsky Street, 664033 Irkutsk, Russian Federation
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31
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Michalczyk M, Zierkiewicz W, Wysokiński R, Scheiner S. Hexacoordinated Tetrel‐Bonded Complexes between TF4(T=Si, Ge, Sn, Pb) and NCH: Competition between σ‐ and π‐Holes. Chemphyschem 2019; 20:959-966. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201900072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Michalczyk
- Faculty of ChemistryWrocław University of Science and Technology Wybrzeże, Wyspiańskiego 27 50-370 Wrocław Poland
| | - Wiktor Zierkiewicz
- Faculty of ChemistryWrocław University of Science and Technology Wybrzeże, Wyspiańskiego 27 50-370 Wrocław Poland
| | - Rafał Wysokiński
- Faculty of ChemistryWrocław University of Science and Technology Wybrzeże, Wyspiańskiego 27 50-370 Wrocław Poland
| | - Steve Scheiner
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUtah State University Logan, Utah 84322-0300 United States
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32
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Dong W, Niu B, Liu S, Cheng J, Liu S, Li Q. Comparison of σ‐/π‐Hole Tetrel Bonds between TH
3
F/F
2
TO and H
2
CX (X=O, S, Se). Chemphyschem 2019; 20:627-635. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201800990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Dong
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringYantai University Yantai 264005 People's Republic of China
| | - Bingbo Niu
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringYantai University Yantai 264005 People's Republic of China
| | - Shufeng Liu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, College of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringQingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 PR China
| | - Jianbo Cheng
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringYantai University Yantai 264005 People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoli Liu
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringYantai University Yantai 264005 People's Republic of China
| | - Qingzhong Li
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringYantai University Yantai 264005 People's Republic of China
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33
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Chu R, Zeng Y, Liu M, Zheng S, Meng L. Insight into the Effects of Electrostatic Potentials on the Conversion Mechanism of the Hydrogen-Bonded Complexes and Carbon-Bonded Complexes: An Ab Initio and Quantum Theory of "Atoms in Molecules" Investigation. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:231-241. [PMID: 31459327 PMCID: PMC6648873 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b02669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Carbon bond and hydrogen bond are common noncovalent interactions; although recent advances on these interactions have been achieved in both the experimental and computational aspects, little is known about the conversion mechanism between them. Here, MP2 calculations with aug-cc-pVDZ basis set (aug-cc-pVDZ-pp for element Sn) were used to optimize the geometric configurations of the hydrogen-bonded complexes MH3F···HCN (M = C, Si, Ge, and Sn), carbon-bonded complexes HCN···MH3F (M = C, Si, Ge, and Sn), and transition states; the conversion mechanism between these two types of interactions has been carried out. The molecular electrostatic potential, especially the σ-hole, is directly related to the flatten degree of intrinsic reaction coordinate (IRC) curve. The energy barriers from the hydrogen-bonded complexes to the carbon-bonded complexes are 6.99, 7.73, 10.56, and 13.59 kJ·mol-1. The energy barriers from the carbon-bonded complexes to the hydrogen-bonded complexes are 4.65, 7.81, 9.10, and 13.04 kJ·mol-1. The breakage and formation of the bonds along the reaction paths have been discussed by the topological analysis of electronic density. The energy barriers are obviously related to the width of the structure transition region (STR). For the first derivative curve of IRC energy surface versus reaction coordinate, there is a maximum peak and a minimum peak, reflecting the structural transition states in the ring STRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runtian Chu
- Institute
of Computational Quantum Chemistry, College of Chemistry
and Material Science, and National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry
Education, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, P. R. China
| | - Yanli Zeng
- Institute
of Computational Quantum Chemistry, College of Chemistry
and Material Science, and National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry
Education, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, P. R. China
| | - Mengyu Liu
- Institute
of Computational Quantum Chemistry, College of Chemistry
and Material Science, and National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry
Education, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, P. R. China
| | - Shijun Zheng
- Institute
of Computational Quantum Chemistry, College of Chemistry
and Material Science, and National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry
Education, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, P. R. China
| | - Lingpeng Meng
- Institute
of Computational Quantum Chemistry, College of Chemistry
and Material Science, and National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry
Education, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, P. R. China
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34
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Zheng B, Liu Y, Wang Z, Zhou F, Liu Y, Ding X, Lu T. Regium bonds formed by MX (M═Cu, Ag, Au; X═F, Cl, Br) with phosphine-oxide/phosphinous acid: comparisons between oxygen-shared and phosphine-shared complexes. Mol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2019.1567847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Baishu Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecular, Ministry of Education, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Functional Application of Fine Polymers, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecular, Ministry of Education, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Functional Application of Fine Polymers, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoxu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecular, Ministry of Education, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Functional Application of Fine Polymers, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengxiang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecular, Ministry of Education, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Functional Application of Fine Polymers, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecular, Ministry of Education, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Functional Application of Fine Polymers, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, People's Republic of China
| | - XunLei Ding
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Lu
- Beijing Kein Research Center for Natural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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35
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Tetrel Bond between 6-OTX₃-Fulvene and NH₃: Substituents and Aromaticity. Molecules 2018; 24:molecules24010010. [PMID: 30577501 PMCID: PMC6337681 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon bonding is a weak interaction, particularly when a neutral molecule acts as an electron donor. Thus, there is an interesting question of how to enhance carbon bonding. In this paper, we found that the –OCH3 group at the exocyclic carbon of fulvene can form a moderate carbon bond with NH3 with an interaction energy of about −10 kJ/mol. The –OSiH3 group engages in a stronger tetrel bond than does the –OGeH3 group, while a reverse result is found for both –OSiF3 and –OGeF3 groups. The abnormal order in the former is mainly due to the stronger orbital interaction in the –OSiH3 complex, which has a larger deformation energy. The cyano groups adjoined to the fulvene ring not only cause a change in the interaction type, from vdW interactions in the unsubstituted system of –OCF3 to carbon bonding, but also greatly strengthen tetrel bonding. The formation of tetrel bonding has an enhancing effect on the aromaticity of the fulvene ring.
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36
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Crystallographic and Computational Characterization of Methyl Tetrel Bonding in S-Adenosylmethionine-Dependent Methyltransferases. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23112965. [PMID: 30428636 PMCID: PMC6278250 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetrel bonds represent a category of non-bonding interaction wherein an electronegative atom donates a lone pair of electrons into the sigma antibonding orbital of an atom in the carbon group of the periodic table. Prior computational studies have implicated tetrel bonding in the stabilization of a preliminary state that precedes the transition state in SN2 reactions, including methyl transfer. Notably, the angles between the tetrel bond donor and acceptor atoms coincide with the prerequisite geometry for the SN2 reaction. Prompted by these findings, we surveyed crystal structures of methyltransferases in the Protein Data Bank and discovered multiple instances of carbon tetrel bonding between the methyl group of the substrate S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) and electronegative atoms of small molecule inhibitors, ions, and solvent molecules. The majority of these interactions involve oxygen atoms as the Lewis base, with the exception of one structure in which a chlorine atom of an inhibitor functions as the electron donor. Quantum mechanical analyses of a representative subset of the methyltransferase structures from the survey revealed that the calculated interaction energies and spectral properties are consistent with the values for bona fide carbon tetrel bonds. The discovery of methyl tetrel bonding offers new insights into the mechanism underlying the SN2 reaction catalyzed by AdoMet-dependent methyltransferases. These findings highlight the potential of exploiting these interactions in developing new methyltransferase inhibitors.
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37
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Esrafili MD, Mousavian P. Strong Tetrel Bonds: Theoretical Aspects and Experimental Evidence. Molecules 2018; 23:E2642. [PMID: 30326582 PMCID: PMC6222713 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, noncovalent interactions involving group-14 elements of the periodic table acting as a Lewis acid center (or tetrel-bonding interactions) have attracted considerable attention due to their potential applications in supramolecular chemistry, material science and so on. The aim of the present study is to characterize the geometry, strength and bonding properties of strong tetrel-bond interactions in some charge-assisted tetrel-bonded complexes. Ab initio calculations are performed, and the results are supported by the quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) and natural bond orbital (NBO) approaches. The interaction energies of the anionic tetrel-bonded complexes formed between XF₃M molecule (X=F, CN; M=Si, Ge and Sn) and A- anions (A-=F-, Cl-, Br-, CN-, NC- and N₃-) vary between -16.35 and -96.30 kcal/mol. The M atom in these complexes is generally characterized by pentavalency, i.e., is hypervalent. Moreover, the QTAIM analysis confirms that the anionic tetrel-bonding interaction in these systems could be classified as a strong interaction with some covalent character. On the other hand, it is found that the tetrel-bond interactions in cationic tetrel-bonded [p-NH₃(C₆H₄)MH₃]⁺···Z and [p-NH₃(C₆F₄)MH₃]⁺···Z complexes (M=Si, Ge, Sn and Z=NH₃, NH₂CH₃, NH₂OH and NH₂NH₂) are characterized by a strong orbital interaction between the filled lone-pair orbital of the Lewis base and empty BD*M-C orbital of the Lewis base. The substitution of the F atoms in the benzene ring provides a strong orbital interaction, and hence improved tetrel-bond interaction. For all charge-assisted tetrel-bonded complexes, it is seen that the formation of tetrel-bond interaction is accompanied bysignificant electron density redistribution over the interacting subunits. Finally, we provide some experimental evidence for the existence of such charge-assisted tetrel-bond interactions in crystalline phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi D Esrafili
- Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Maragheh, Maragheh 5513864596, Iran.
| | - Parisasadat Mousavian
- Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Maragheh, Maragheh 5513864596, Iran.
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38
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Ruigrok van der Werve A, van Dijk YR, Mooibroek TJ. π-Hole/n→π* interactions with acetonitrile in crystal structures. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:10742-10745. [PMID: 30191212 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc06797j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A thorough analysis of the Cambridge Structure Database shows that π-hole/n→π* interactions with acetonitrile are abundant in the solid state, particularly when acetonitrile is coordinated to a metal. The interaction is weakly directional (P ≤ 1.5) and high level computations suggest a complexation energy of about -5 kcal mol-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ad Ruigrok van der Werve
- van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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39
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Scheiner S. Ability of IR and NMR Spectral Data to Distinguish between a Tetrel Bond and a Hydrogen Bond. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:7852-7862. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b07631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steve Scheiner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322-0300, United States
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40
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Echeverría J. Intermolecular Carbonyl···Carbonyl Interactions in Transition-Metal Complexes. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:5429-5437. [PMID: 29664621 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b00392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We performed a comprehensive analysis of intermolecular carbonyl-carbonyl interactions in transition-metal complexes. Those interactions can be classified in two main types depending on the organometallic or organic nature of the donor carbonyl: M-CO···CO and R-CO···CO, respectively. By means of a combined structural and computational study we unraveled their geometrical features and strength. Moreover, electronic structure, natural bond orbitals, energy decomposition analysis, and quantum theory of atoms in molecules calculations were performed to try to understand their nature. Remarkably, we discovered that these carbonyl-carbonyl contacts have several features of the n → π* interaction. The charge transfer from an oxygen lone pair to an empty antibonding π orbital of the acceptor carbonyl is also accompanied by an electrostatic Oδ-···Cδ+ interaction. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report of an intermolecular n → π* interaction in metal complexes. These results might be significant, for instance, for the catalytic activation of carbonyl-containing small molecules with metal compounds or in the design of hybrid organic-inorganic materials, metal-organic frameworks, and other extended structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Echeverría
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica and Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional IQTC-UB , Universitat de Barcelona , Martí i Franquès 1-11 , 08028 Barcelona , Spain
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41
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Xu H, Cheng J, Yu X, Li Q. Abnormal Tetrel Bonds between Formamidine and TH3
F: Substituent Effects. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201800025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huili Xu
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Yantai University; Yantai 264005 China
| | - Jianbo Cheng
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Yantai University; Yantai 264005 China
| | - Xuefang Yu
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Yantai University; Yantai 264005 China
| | - Qingzhong Li
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Yantai University; Yantai 264005 China
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42
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Dong W, Yang X, Cheng J, Li W, Li Q. Comparison for σ-hole and π-hole tetrel-bonded complexes involving F 2 C CFTF 3 (T C, Si, and Ge): Substitution, hybridization, and solvation effects. J Fluor Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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43
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Scheiner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322-0300, United States
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44
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Wei Y, Li Q, Scheiner S. The π-Tetrel Bond and its Influence on Hydrogen Bonding and Proton Transfer. Chemphyschem 2018; 19:736-743. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201701136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxin Wei
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Yantai University; Yantai 264005 China), Fax: (+86) 535-6902063
| | - Qingzhong Li
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Yantai University; Yantai 264005 China), Fax: (+86) 535-6902063
| | - Steve Scheiner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Utah State University; Logan UT 84322-0300 USA
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45
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46
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Zierkiewicz W, Michalczyk M, Scheiner S. Implications of monomer deformation for tetrel and pnicogen bonds. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp00430g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Monomer rearrangement raises the interaction energy by up to 20 kcal mol−1and intensifies its σ-hole by a factor of 1.5–2.9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiktor Zierkiewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Wrocław University of Science and Technology
- 50-370 Wrocław
- Poland
| | - Mariusz Michalczyk
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Wrocław University of Science and Technology
- 50-370 Wrocław
- Poland
| | - Steve Scheiner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Utah State University
- Logan
- USA
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47
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McDowell SAC. The effect of anions on noncovalent interactions in model clusters of chalcogen-containing (CH3)2X (X = O, S, Se) molecules. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:18420-18428. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp03641a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A computational study of F−⋯(CH3)2O⋯CH3F with F− bound to the protons of the two methyl groups, found significant enhancement of the O⋯C interaction relative to the neutral (CH3)2O⋯CH3F dyad.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean A. C. McDowell
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences
- The University of the West Indies
- Barbados
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48
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Echeverría J. The silane-methane dimer revisited: more than a dispersion-bound system? Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:32663-32669. [PMID: 29192909 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp07241d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We present here a comprehensive computational and theoretical analysis of the silane-methane dimer with the goal of understanding the origin of the interactions that hold it together and the factors that affect its strength. Several interaction topologies have been analysed and the associated interaction energies have been evaluated at the CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ level of theory. Next, substitution effects have been studied on several silane and methane derivatives. The molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) maps of the molecules involved in the interactions have been built to try to correlate the interaction energies with the maximum/minimum EP values (Vs). Furthermore, we have performed an energy decomposition analysis to gain deeper insight into the physical nature of the interactions and to unravel whether dispersion is the primary component of the attraction. Finally, we complete the theoretical analysis with the study of several experimental crystal structures in which there are silylmethyl short contacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Echeverría
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica (Secció Inorgànica) and Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional IQTC-UB, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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49
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Wei Y, Li Q, Yang X, McDowell SAC. Intramolecular Si⋅⋅⋅O Tetrel Bonding: Tuning of Substituents and Cooperativity. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201702280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxin Wei
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,; Yantai University,; Yantai 264005 China
| | - Qingzhong Li
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,; Yantai University,; Yantai 264005 China
| | - Xin Yang
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,; Yantai University,; Yantai 264005 China
| | - Sean A. C. McDowell
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences; The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus; Barbados
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50
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Del Bene JE, Alkorta I, Elguero J. Carbon–Carbon Bonding between Nitrogen Heterocyclic Carbenes and CO2. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:8136-8146. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b08393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Janet E. Del Bene
- Department
of Chemistry, Youngstown State University, Youngstown, Ohio 44555, United States
| | - Ibon Alkorta
- Instituto
de Química Médica, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva, 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Elguero
- Instituto
de Química Médica, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva, 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
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