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Dive A, Kim K, Kang S, Wan LF, Wood BC. First-principles evaluation of dopant impact on structural deformability and processability of Li 7La 3Zr 2O 12. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:13762-13772. [PMID: 37464810 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04382c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) and related ceramic solid electrolytes feature excellent stability and reasonable ionic conductivity, but processing remains challenging. High-temperature co-sintering is required for successful integration with the electrode, which is energetically costly and can lead to unacceptable cathode degradation. The introduction of dopants can promote lower-temperature processing by improving deformability and disrupting lattice integrity; however, an unbiased, systematic study correlating these properties to the dopant chemistry and composition is lacking. Here, we rely on a set of static and dynamic metrics derived from first-principles simulations to estimate the impact of doping on LLZO processability by quantifying LLZO structural deformability. We considered three distinct dopants (Al, Ba, and Ta) as representatives of substitutional incorporation on Li, La, and Zr sites. Our descriptors indicate that doping in general positively impacts lattice deformability, although significant sensitivities to dopant identity and concentration are observed. Amongst the tested dopants, Al doping (on the Li site) appears to have the greatest impact, as signaled across nearly the entire set of computed features. We suggest that these proxy descriptors, once properly calibrated against well-controlled experiments, could enable the use of first-principles simulations to computationally screen new ceramic electrolyte compositions with improved processability.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dive
- Laboratory for Energy Applications for the Future (LEAF), Materials Science Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA.
| | - K Kim
- Laboratory for Energy Applications for the Future (LEAF), Materials Science Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA.
| | - S Kang
- Laboratory for Energy Applications for the Future (LEAF), Materials Science Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA.
| | - L F Wan
- Laboratory for Energy Applications for the Future (LEAF), Materials Science Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA.
| | - B C Wood
- Laboratory for Energy Applications for the Future (LEAF), Materials Science Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA.
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Dorai A, Kim S, Kuwata N, Kawamura J, Kisu K, Orimo SI. Understanding Ion Dynamics in Closoborate-Type Lithium-Ion Conductors on Different Time-Scales. J Phys Chem Lett 2024:4864-4871. [PMID: 38669632 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The lithium-ion transport mechanism in 0.7Li(CB9H10)-0.3Li(CB11H12) complex hydride solid electrolyte was studied over a wide time-scale (ns-ms) by choosing appropriate techniques for assessing ionic motion on the desired time-scale using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation, AC impedance, and pulsed field gradient-NMR (PFG-NMR) measurements. The 7Li NMR line width decreased with increasing temperature, and the spin-lattice relaxation time T1 for the cation and anions showed a minimum near 303 K, indicating that the lithium ions and the anions were highly mobile. The activation energy estimated from the analysis of the NMR relaxation time matched well with the values estimated from the AC impedance and PFG-NMR. This confirms that the lithium-ion motion in 0.7Li(CB9H10)-0.3Li(CB11H12) is the same over a wide time-scale, suggesting steady Li-ion motion over a wide transport range. This understanding offers insights into strategies for designing complex hydride lithium superionic conductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunkumar Dorai
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials (IMRAM), Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
- Institute of Materials Research (IMR), Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Sangryun Kim
- Institute of Materials Research (IMR), Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
- Graduate School of Energy Convergence, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Naoaki Kuwata
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials (IMRAM), Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
- National Institute of Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Junichi Kawamura
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials (IMRAM), Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Kisu
- Institute of Materials Research (IMR), Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
- College of Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Tokyo 108-8548, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Orimo
- Institute of Materials Research (IMR), Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research (AIMR), Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
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Naboulsi A, Chometon R, Ribot F, Nguyen G, Fichet O, Laberty-Robert C. Correlation between Ionic Conductivity and Mechanical Properties of Solid-like PEO-based Polymer Electrolyte. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:13869-13881. [PMID: 38466181 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c19249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate polymer networks (PEO-based networks), with or without anionic bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (TFSI)-grafted groups, are promising electrolytes for Li-metal all solid-state batteries. Nevertheless, there is a need to enhance our current understanding of the physicochemical characteristics of these polymer networks to meet the mechanical and ionic conductivity property requirements for Li battery electrolyte materials. To address this challenge, our goal is to investigate the impact of the cross-linking density of the PEO-based network and the ethylene oxide/lithium ratio on mechanical properties (such as glass transition temperature and storage modulus) and ionic conductivity. We have synthesized a series of cross-linked PEO-based polymers (si-SPE for single ion solid polymer electrolyte) via solvent-free radical copolymerization. These polymers are synthesized by using commercially available lithium 3-[(trifluoromethane)sulfonamidosulfonyl]propyl methacrylate (LiMTFSI), poly(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate (PEGM), and [poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate] (PEGDM). In addition, we have synthesized a series of cross-linked PEO-based polymers (SPE for solid polymer electrolyte) using LiTFSI as the ionic species. Most of the resulting polymer films are amorphous, self-standing, flexible, homogeneous, and thermally stable. Interestingly, our research has revealed a correlation between ionic conductivity and mechanical properties in both the SPE and si-SPE series. Ionic conductivity increases as glass transition temperature, α relaxation temperature, and storage modulus decrease, suggesting that Li+ transport is influenced by polymer chain flexibility and Li+/EO interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agathe Naboulsi
- LPPI, CY Cergy Paris Université, F-95000 Cergy, France
- Sorbonne Université́, CNRS, Laboratoire Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, LCMCP, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
- RS2E, Réseau Français sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie, CNRS 3459, 80039 Cedex 1 Amiens, France
| | - Ronan Chometon
- Sorbonne Université́, CNRS, Laboratoire Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, LCMCP, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
- RS2E, Réseau Français sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie, CNRS 3459, 80039 Cedex 1 Amiens, France
- CSE, Collège de France, 4 Place Marcellin Berthelot, 75005 Paris, France
| | - François Ribot
- Sorbonne Université́, CNRS, Laboratoire Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, LCMCP, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Giao Nguyen
- LPPI, CY Cergy Paris Université, F-95000 Cergy, France
| | - Odile Fichet
- LPPI, CY Cergy Paris Université, F-95000 Cergy, France
| | - Christel Laberty-Robert
- Sorbonne Université́, CNRS, Laboratoire Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, LCMCP, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
- RS2E, Réseau Français sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie, CNRS 3459, 80039 Cedex 1 Amiens, France
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Morales DJ, Greenbaum S. NMR Investigations of Crystalline and Glassy Solid Electrolytes for Lithium Batteries: A Brief Review. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3402. [PMID: 32403435 PMCID: PMC7246995 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The widespread use of energy storage for commercial products and services have led to great advancements in the field of lithium-based battery research. In particular, solid state lithium batteries show great promise for future commercial use, as solid electrolytes safely allow for the use of lithium-metal anodes, which can significantly increase the total energy density. Of the solid electrolytes, inorganic glass-ceramics and Li-based garnet electrolytes have received much attention in the past few years due to the high ionic conductivity achieved compared to polymer-based electrolytes. This review covers recent work on novel glassy and crystalline electrolyte materials, with a particular focus on the use of solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for structural characterization and transport measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Morales
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10065, USA;
- Ph.D. Program in Physics, CUNY Graduate Center, New York, NY 10036, USA
| | - Steven Greenbaum
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10065, USA;
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Gao Y, Nolan AM, Du P, Wu Y, Yang C, Chen Q, Mo Y, Bo SH. Classical and Emerging Characterization Techniques for Investigation of Ion Transport Mechanisms in Crystalline Fast Ionic Conductors. Chem Rev 2020; 120:5954-6008. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yirong Gao
- University of Michigan−Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai CN-200240, China
| | - Adelaide M. Nolan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Peng Du
- University of Michigan−Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai CN-200240, China
| | - Yifan Wu
- University of Michigan−Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai CN-200240, China
| | - Chao Yang
- University of Michigan−Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai CN-200240, China
| | - Qianli Chen
- University of Michigan−Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai CN-200240, China
| | - Yifei Mo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Maryland Energy Innovation Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Shou-Hang Bo
- University of Michigan−Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai CN-200240, China
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Hayamizu K, Terada Y, Kataoka K, Akimoto J, Haishi T. Relationship between Li + diffusion and ion conduction for single-crystal and powder garnet-type electrolytes studied by 7Li PGSE NMR spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:23589-23597. [PMID: 31621713 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp04714j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ion-conducting garnets are important candidates for use in all-solid Li batteries and numerous materials have been synthesized with high ionic conductivities. For understanding ion conduction mechanisms, knowledge on Li+ diffusion behaviour is essential. The proposed nano-scale lithium pathways are composed of tortuous and narrow Li+ channels. The pulsed gradient spin-echo (PGSE) NMR method provides time-dependent 7Li diffusion on the micrometre space. For powder samples, collision-diffraction echo-attenuation plots were observed in a short observation time, which had not been fully explained. The diffraction patterns were reduced or disappeared for single-crystal garnet samples of Li6.5La3Zr1.5Ta0.5O12 (LLZO-Ta) and Li6.5La3Zr1.5Nb0.5O12 (LLZO-Nb). The inner morphology and grain boundaries affect importantly the collision-diffraction behaviours which is inherent to powder samples. The 7Li diffusion observed by PGSE-NMR depends on the observation time (Δ) and the pulsed field gradient (PFG) strength (g) in both powder and single-crystal samples, and the anomalous effects were reduced in the single-crystal samples. The scattered Li diffusion constants converged to a unique value (DLi) with a long Δ and a large g, which is eventually the smallest value. The DLi activation energy was close to that of the ionic conductivity (σ). The DLi values are plotted versus the σ values measured for four powder and two single-crystal garnet samples. Assuming the Nernst-Einstein (NE) relation which was derived for isolated ions in solution, the carrier numbers (NNE) were estimated from the experimental values of DLi and σ. The NNE values of metal-containing garnets were large (<1023 cm-3) and insensitive to temperature. They were larger than Li atomic numbers in cm3 calculated from the density, molecular formula and Avogadro number for LLZOs except for cubic LLZO (Li7La3Zr2O12, NNE∼ 1020 cm-3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kikuko Hayamizu
- Institute of Applied Physics, Tsukuba University, Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8573, Japan.
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Hayamizu K, Terada Y, Kataoka K, Akimoto J. Toward understanding the anomalous Li diffusion in inorganic solid electrolytes by studying a single-crystal garnet of LLZO–Ta by pulsed-gradient spin-echo nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:194502. [PMID: 31117795 DOI: 10.1063/1.5089576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kikuko Hayamizu
- Institute of Applied Physics, Tsukuba University, Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8573, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Terada
- Institute of Applied Physics, Tsukuba University, Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8573, Japan
| | - Kunimitsu Kataoka
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, AIST Tsukuba Centre 5, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
| | - Junji Akimoto
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, AIST Tsukuba Centre 5, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
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8
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García Daza FA, Bonilla MR, Llordés A, Carrasco J, Akhmatskaya E. Atomistic Insight into Ion Transport and Conductivity in Ga/Al-Substituted Li 7La 3Zr 2O 12 Solid Electrolytes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:753-765. [PMID: 30540169 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b17217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Garnet-structured Li7La3Zr2O12 is a promising solid electrolyte for next-generation solid-state Li batteries. However, sufficiently fast Li-ion mobility required for battery applications only emerges at high temperatures, upon a phase transition to cubic structure. A well-known strategy to stabilize the cubic phase at room temperature relies on aliovalent substitution; in particular, the substitution of Li+ by Al3+ and Ga3+ ions. Yet, despite having the same formal charge, Ga3+ substitution yields higher conductivities (10-3 S/cm) than Al3+ (10-4 S/cm). The reason of such difference in ionic conductivity remains a mystery. Here, we use molecular dynamic simulations and advanced sampling techniques to precisely unveil the atomistic origin of this phenomenon. Our results show that Li+ vacancies generated by Al3+ and Ga3+ substitution remain adjacent to Ga3+ and Al3+ ions, without contributing to the promotion of Li+ mobility. However, while Ga3+ ions tend to allow limited Li+ diffusion within their immediate surroundings, the less repulsive interactions associated with Al3+ ions lead to a complete blockage of neighboring Li+ diffusion paths. This effect is magnified at lower temperatures and explains the higher conductivities observed for Ga-substituted systems. Overall, this study provides a valuable insight into the fundamental ion transport mechanism in the bulk of Ga/Al-substituted Li7La3Zr2O12 and paves the way for rationalizing aliovalent substitution design strategies for enhancing ionic transport in these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabián A García Daza
- BCAM-Basque Center for Applied Mathematics , Alameda de Mazarredo 14 , E-48009 Bilbao , Spain
| | - Mauricio R Bonilla
- BCAM-Basque Center for Applied Mathematics , Alameda de Mazarredo 14 , E-48009 Bilbao , Spain
| | - Anna Llordés
- CIC EnergiGUNE , Albert Einstein 48 , E-01510 Miñano , Spain
- IKERBASQUE , Basque Foundation for Science , María Díaz de Haro 3 , E-48013 Bilbao , Spain
| | - Javier Carrasco
- CIC EnergiGUNE , Albert Einstein 48 , E-01510 Miñano , Spain
| | - Elena Akhmatskaya
- BCAM-Basque Center for Applied Mathematics , Alameda de Mazarredo 14 , E-48009 Bilbao , Spain
- IKERBASQUE , Basque Foundation for Science , María Díaz de Haro 3 , E-48013 Bilbao , Spain
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Hayamizu K, Seki S, Haishi T. Non-uniform lithium-ion migration on micrometre scale for garnet- and NASICON-type solid electrolytes studied by 7Li PGSE-NMR diffusion spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:17615-17623. [PMID: 29926032 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp02915f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The migration behaviours of Li+ in three garnet- and one NASICON-type solid oxide electrolytes were studied on the micrometre scale by pulsed-gradient spin-echo (PGSE) 7Li NMR diffusion spectroscopy to clarify common and specific characteristics of each electrolyte. In these solid electrolytes, clear evidences of grain boundary effects in the diffusion of Li+ were not observed. The Li+ diffusion constants were dependent on parameters such as observation time (Δ) and pulsed field gradient (PFG) strength (g) for all the studied inorganic solid electrolytes. For low Δ values, Li+ ions underwent collisions and diffractions with diffraction distance Rdiffraction [μm]. The apparent Li+ diffusion constants (Dapparent [m2 s-1]) exhibited distributions in a wide range. In this paper, we introduced the apparent diffusion radius, rradius [μm], and compared it with Rdiffraction and mean square displacement (MSD) [μm]; the lengths of these distances were of the micrometre order (10-6 m). The relations between the values of rradius, Rdiffraction and MSD suggested that the migration behaviours of Li+ on the micrometre scale were complicated. Using high Δ and high g values, we obtained an equilibrated value of DLi. The temperature dependences of the number of carrier ions were estimated from the DLi values and ionic conductivities in the four solid oxide electrolytes. For simple comparison and reference, the data of DLi and ionic conductivity of LiPF6 in 1 M solution of propylene carbonate were added.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kikuko Hayamizu
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8573, Japan.
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Hayamizu K, Seki S. Long-range Li ion diffusion in NASICON-type Li1.5Al0.5Ge1.5(PO4)3 (LAGP) studied by 7Li pulsed-gradient spin-echo NMR. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:23483-23491. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp03647g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PGSE NMR showed parameter-dependent 7Li diffusion for a solid conductor LAGP in micrometer space, suggesting disperse mobility of Li ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kikuko Hayamizu
- Institute of Applied Physics
- University of Tsukuba
- Tsukuba 305-8573
- Japan
| | - Shiro Seki
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Kogakuin University
- Hachioji
- Japan
- Material Science Laboratory
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