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Tsuda Y, Gueriba JS, Ueta H, Diño WA, Kurahashi M, Okada M. Probing Copper and Copper-Gold Alloy Surfaces with Space-Quantized Oxygen Molecular Beam. JACS AU 2022; 2:1839-1847. [PMID: 36032532 PMCID: PMC9400043 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The orientation and motion of reactants play important roles in reactions. The small rotational excitations involved render the reactants susceptible to dynamical steering, making direct comparison between experiments and theory rather challenging. Using space-quantized molecular beams, we directly probed the (polar and azimuthal) orientation dependence of O2 chemisorption on Cu(110) and Cu3Au(110). We observed polar and azimuthal anisotropies on both surfaces. Chemisorption proceeded rather favorably with the O-O bond axis oriented parallel (vs perpendicular) to the surface and rather favorably with the O-O bond axis oriented along [001] (vs along [1̅10]). The presence of Au hindered the surface from further oxidation, introducing a higher activation barrier to chemisorption and rendering an almost negligible azimuthal anisotropy. The presence of Au also prevented the cartwheel-like rotations of O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasutaka Tsuda
- Department
of Chemistry, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
- Materials
Sciences Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy
Agency, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | | | - Hirokazu Ueta
- National
Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Wilson Agerico Diño
- Department
of Applied Physics, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Center
for Atomic and Molecular Technologies, Osaka
University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | | | - Michio Okada
- Department
of Chemistry, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
- Institute
for Radiation Sciences, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
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Kim SJ, Kim YI, Lamichhane B, Kim YH, Lee Y, Cho CR, Cheon M, Kim JC, Jeong HY, Ha T, Kim J, Lee YH, Kim SG, Kim YM, Jeong SY. Flat-surface-assisted and self-regulated oxidation resistance of Cu(111). Nature 2022; 603:434-438. [PMID: 35296844 PMCID: PMC8930770 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04375-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Oxidation can deteriorate the properties of copper that are critical for its use, particularly in the semiconductor industry and electro-optics applications1–7. This has prompted numerous studies exploring copper oxidation and possible passivation strategies8. In situ observations have, for example, shown that oxidation involves stepped surfaces: Cu2O growth occurs on flat surfaces as a result of Cu adatoms detaching from steps and diffusing across terraces9–11. But even though this mechanism explains why single-crystalline copper is more resistant to oxidation than polycrystalline copper, the fact that flat copper surfaces can be free of oxidation has not been explored further. Here we report the fabrication of copper thin films that are semi-permanently oxidation resistant because they consist of flat surfaces with only occasional mono-atomic steps. First-principles calculations confirm that mono-atomic step edges are as impervious to oxygen as flat surfaces and that surface adsorption of O atoms is suppressed once an oxygen face-centred cubic (fcc) surface site coverage of 50% has been reached. These combined effects explain the exceptional oxidation resistance of ultraflat Cu surfaces. The fabrication of copper thin films with ultraflat surfaces and only occasional mono-atomic steps, which show semi-permanent resistance to oxidation over long periods, is reported and the mechanism explained using first-principles calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Jae Kim
- Crystal Bank Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong In Kim
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Bipin Lamichhane
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Young-Hoon Kim
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yousil Lee
- Crystal Bank Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Ryong Cho
- Department of Nanoenergy Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Miyeon Cheon
- Crystal Bank Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Chan Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Hu Young Jeong
- UNIST Central Research Facilities (UCRF), Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Taewoo Ha
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungdae Kim
- Department of Physics, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hee Lee
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.,Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Gon Kim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA.
| | - Young-Min Kim
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea. .,Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Se-Young Jeong
- Department of Optics and Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Li M, Curnan MT, Saidi WA, Yang JC. Uneven Oxidation and Surface Reconstructions on Stepped Cu(100) and Cu(110). NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:1075-1082. [PMID: 35086335 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c04124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
How defects such as surface steps affect oxidation, especially initial oxide formation, is critical for nano-oxide applications in catalysis, electronics, and corrosion. We posit that surface reconstruction, a crucial intermediate oxidation step, can highlight initial oxide formation preferences and thus enable bridging the temporal and spatial scale gaps between atomistic simulations and experiments. We investigate the surface-step-induced uneven surface oxidation on Cu(100) and Cu(110), using atomic-scale in situ environmental transmission electron microscopy experiments with dynamical gas control and advanced data processing. We show that the Cu(100)-O (2√2 × √2)R45° missing row reconstruction strongly favors upper terraces over lower terraces, while Cu(110)-O (2 × 1) "added row" reconstructions indicate slight preferences for upper or lower terraces, depending on oxygen concentration. The observed formation site preference and its variation with surface orientation and oxygen concentration are mechanistically explained by Ehrlich-Schwöbel barrier differences for oxygen diffusion on stepped surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Matthew T Curnan
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Wissam A Saidi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Judith C Yang
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
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4
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Durkan C. Periodic ripples on thermally-annealed graphene on Cu (110)-reconstruction or moiré pattern? NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:455705. [PMID: 30156567 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aadd6d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We have used ultrahigh vacuum scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) to investigate the effect of thermal annealing of graphene grown by chemical vapor deposition on a Cu(110) foil. We show that the annealing appears to induce a reconstruction of the Cu surface along the [210] direction, with a period of 1.43 nm. Such reconstructions have been ascribed to the tensile strain induced in the Cu surface by its differential thermal expansion relative to the graphene over-layer, but we show that it is in fact a moiré pattern due to interference between the graphene and the underlying atomic lattice as evidenced by the appearance of an odd-even transition only observed due to misorientation of the top layer of a layered crystal. This highlights that the analysis of STM measurements of graphene on metal surfaces should take such interference effects into account and that the graphene-Cu interface is more complex than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colm Durkan
- Nanoscience Centre, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0FF, United Kingdom
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Liu Y, Li H, Cen W, Li J, Wang Z, Henkelman G. A computational study of supported Cu-based bimetallic nanoclusters for CO oxidation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:7508-7513. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp08578h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we used DFT calculations to investigate the bi-functional nature of Cu-based alloy nanoclusters (NCs) supported on CeO2(111) for CO oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulu Liu
- College of Architecture and Environment
- Sichuan University
- P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry and the Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences
- The University of Texas at Austin
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Chemistry and the Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences
- The University of Texas at Austin
- Austin
- USA
| | - Wanglai Cen
- Department of Chemistry and the Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences
- The University of Texas at Austin
- Austin
- USA
- Institute of New Energy and Low Carbon Technology
| | - Jianjun Li
- College of Architecture and Environment
- Sichuan University
- P. R. China
| | - Zhengming Wang
- Environmental Management Research Institute
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
- Ibaraki 305-5869
- Japan
| | - Graeme Henkelman
- Department of Chemistry and the Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences
- The University of Texas at Austin
- Austin
- USA
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