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Siani A, Infante-Teixeira L, d'Arcy R, Roberts IV, El Mohtadi F, Donno R, Tirelli N. Polysulfide nanoparticles inhibit fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition via extracellular ROS scavenging and have potential anti-fibrotic properties. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 153:213537. [PMID: 37406516 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
This paper is about the effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) - and of their nanoparticle-mediated extracellular removal - in the TGF-β1-induced differentiation of fibroblasts (human dermal fibroblasts - HDFa) to more contractile myofibroblasts, and in the maintenance of this phenotype. Here, poly(propylene sulfide) (PPS) nanoparticles have been employed on 2D and 3D in vitro models, showing extremely low toxicity and undergoing negligible internalization, thereby ensuring an extracellular-only action. Firstly, PPS nanoparticles abrogated ROS-mediated downstream molecular events such as glutathione oxidation, NF-κB activation, and heme oxidase-1 (HMOX) overexpression. Secondly, PPS nanoparticles were also capable to inhibit, prevent and reverse the TGF-β1-induced upregulation of key biomechanical elements, such as ED-a fibronectin (EF-A FN) and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), respectively markers of protomyofibroblastic and of myofibroblastic differentiation. We also confirmed that ROS alone are ineffective promoters of the myofibroblastic transition, although their presence contributes to its stabilization. Finally, the particles also countered TGF-β1-induced matrix- and tissue-level phenomena, e.g., the upregulation of collagen type 1, the development of aberrant collagen type 1/3 ratios and the contracture of HDFa 3D-seeded fibrin constructs. In short, experimental data at molecular, cellular and tissue levels show a significant potential in the use of PPS nanoparticles as anti-fibrotic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Siani
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Stopford Building, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Lorena Infante-Teixeira
- Laboratory of Polymers and Biomaterials, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Richard d'Arcy
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Stopford Building, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; Laboratory of Polymers and Biomaterials, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy.
| | - Iwan V Roberts
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Stopford Building, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Farah El Mohtadi
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Stopford Building, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Roberto Donno
- Laboratory of Polymers and Biomaterials, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Nicola Tirelli
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Stopford Building, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; Laboratory of Polymers and Biomaterials, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy.
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Ferrari D, Sengupta A, Heo L, Pethö L, Michler J, Geiser T, de Jesus Perez VA, Kuebler WM, Zeinali S, Guenat OT. Effects of biomechanical and biochemical stimuli on angio- and vasculogenesis in a complex microvasculature-on-chip. iScience 2023; 26:106198. [PMID: 36879808 PMCID: PMC9985038 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The endothelium of blood vessels is a vital organ that reacts differently to subtle changes in stiffness and mechanical forces exerted on its environment (extracellular matrix (ECM)). Upon alteration of these biomechanical cues, endothelial cells initiate signaling pathways that govern vascular remodeling. The emerging organs-on-chip technologies allow the mimicking of complex microvasculature networks, identifying the combined or singular effects of these biomechanical or biochemical stimuli. Here, we present a microvasculature-on-chip model to investigate the singular effect of ECM stiffness and mechanical cyclic stretch on vascular development. Following two different approaches for vascular growth, the effect of ECM stiffness on sprouting angiogenesis and the effect of cyclic stretch on endothelial vasculogenesis are studied. Our results indicate that ECM hydrogel stiffness controls the size of the patterned vasculature and the density of sprouting angiogenesis. RNA sequencing shows that the cellular response to stretching is characterized by the upregulation of certain genes such as ANGPTL4+5, PDE1A, and PLEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Ferrari
- Organs-on-chip Technologies Laboratory, ARTORG Center, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Arunima Sengupta
- Organs-on-chip Technologies Laboratory, ARTORG Center, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lyong Heo
- Stanford Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Laszlo Pethö
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Mechanics of Materials and Nanostructures, Thun, Switzerland
| | - Johann Michler
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Mechanics of Materials and Nanostructures, Thun, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Geiser
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Inselspital, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Vinicio A. de Jesus Perez
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Wolfgang M. Kuebler
- Institute of Physiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Soheila Zeinali
- Organs-on-chip Technologies Laboratory, ARTORG Center, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Olivier T. Guenat
- Organs-on-chip Technologies Laboratory, ARTORG Center, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Inselspital, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Chang T, Liu C, Yang H, Lu K, Han Y, Zheng Y, Huang H, Wu Y, Song Y, Yu Q, Shen Z, Jiang T, Zhang Y. Fibrin-based cardiac patch containing neuregulin-1 for heart repair after myocardial infarction. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 220:112936. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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The Mechanistic Understanding of RAD51 Defibrillation: A Critical Step in BRCA2-Mediated DNA Repair by Homologous Recombination. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158338. [PMID: 35955488 PMCID: PMC9368738 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytotoxic action of anticancer drugs can be potentiated by inhibiting DNA repair mechanisms. RAD51 is a crucial protein for genomic stability due to its critical role in the homologous recombination (HR) pathway. BRCA2 assists RAD51 fibrillation and defibrillation in the cytoplasm and nucleus and assists its nuclear transport. BRC4 is a peptide derived from the fourth BRC repeat of BRCA2, and it lacks the nuclear localization sequence. Here, we used BRC4 to (i) reverse RAD51 fibrillation; (ii) avoid the nuclear transport of RAD51; and (iii) inhibit HR and enhance the efficacy of chemotherapeutic treatments. Specifically, using static and dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, and microscale thermophoresis, we show that BRC4 eroded RAD51 fibrils from their termini through a “domino” mechanism and yielded monomeric RAD51 with a cumulative nanomolar affinity. Using cellular assays (BxPC-3, pancreatic cancer), we show that a myristoylated BRC4 (designed for a more efficient cell entry) abolished the formation of nuclear RAD51 foci. The present study provides a molecular description of RAD51 defibrillation, an essential step in BRCA2-mediated homologous recombination and DNA repair.
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Bodega F, Sironi C, Zocchi L, Porta C. Optimization of Fibrin Scaffolds to Study Friction in Cultured Mesothelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:4980. [PMID: 35563371 PMCID: PMC9104594 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
To study the friction of cell monolayers avoiding damage due to stress concentration, cells can be cultured on fibrin gels, which have a structure and viscoelasticity similar to that of the extracellular matrix. In the present research, we studied different gel compositions and surface coatings in order to identify the best conditions to measure friction in vitro. We examined the adhesion and growth behavior of mesothelial cell line MET-5A on fibrin gels with different fibrinogen concentrations (15, 20, and 25 mg/mL) and with different adhesion coatings (5 μg/mL fibronectin, 10 μg/mL fibronectin, or 10 μg/mL fibronectin + 10 μg/mL collagen). We also investigated whether different substrates influenced the coefficient of friction and the ability of cells to stick to the gel during sliding. Finally, we studied the degradation rates of gels with and without cells. All substrates tested provided a suitable environment for the adherence and proliferation of mesothelial cells, and friction measurements did not cause significant cell damage or detachment. However, in gels with a lower fibrinogen concentration, cell viability was higher and cell detachment after friction measurement was lower. Fibrinolysis was negligible in all the substrates tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Bodega
- Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia Medico-Chirurgica e dei Trapianti, Sezione di Fisiologia Umana, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20100 Milan, Italy; (C.S.); (L.Z.); (C.P.)
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The contracture-in-a-well. An in vitro model distinguishes bulk and interfacial processes of irreversible (fibrotic) cell-mediated contraction. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2022; 133:112661. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2022.112661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Nellenbach K, Nandi S, Peeler C, Kyu A, Brown AC. Neonatal Fibrin Scaffolds Promote Enhanced Cell Adhesion, Migration, and Wound Healing In Vivo Compared to Adult Fibrin Scaffolds. Cell Mol Bioeng 2020; 13:393-404. [PMID: 33184573 PMCID: PMC7596151 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-020-00620-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fibrin scaffolds are often utilized to treat chronic wounds. The monomer fibrinogen used to create such scaffolds is typically derived from adult human or porcine plasma. However, our previous studies have identified extensive differences in fibrin network properties between adults and neonates, including higher fiber alignment in neonatal networks. Wound healing outcomes have been linked to fibrin matrix structure, including fiber alignment, which can affect the binding and migration of cells. We hypothesized that fibrin scaffolds derived from neonatal fibrin would enhance wound healing outcomes compared to adult fibrin scaffolds. METHODS Fibrin scaffolds were formed from purified adult or neonatal fibrinogen and thrombin then structural analysis was conducted via confocal microscopy. Human neonatal dermal fibroblast attachment, migration, and morphology on fibrin scaffolds were assessed. A murine full thickness injury model was used to compare healing in vivo in the presence of neonatal fibrin, adult fibrin, or saline. RESULTS Distinct fibrin architectures were observed between adult and neonatal scaffolds. Significantly higher fibroblast attachment and migration was observed on neonatal scaffolds compared to adults. Cell morphology on neonatal scaffolds exhibited higher spreading compared to adult scaffolds. In vivo significantly smaller wound areas and greater epidermal thickness were observed when wounds were treated with neonatal fibrin compared to adult fibrin or a saline control. CONCLUSIONS Distinctions in neonatal and adult fibrin scaffold properties influence cellular behavior and wound healing. These studies indicate that fibrin scaffolds sourced from neonatal plasma could improve healing outcomes compared to scaffolds sourced from adult plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Nellenbach
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA
| | - Seema Nandi
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA
| | - Christopher Peeler
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA
| | - Alexander Kyu
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA
| | - Ashley C. Brown
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA
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Rios De La Rosa JM, Spadea A, Donno R, Lallana E, Lu Y, Puri S, Caswell P, Lawrence MJ, Ashford M, Tirelli N. Microfluidic-assisted preparation of RGD-decorated nanoparticles: exploring integrin-facilitated uptake in cancer cell lines. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14505. [PMID: 32879363 PMCID: PMC7468293 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71396-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study is about fine tuning the targeting capacity of peptide-decorated nanoparticles to discriminate between cells that express different integrin make-ups. Using microfluidic-assisted nanoprecipitation, we have prepared poly(lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles with a PEGylated surface decorated with two different arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) peptides: one is cyclic (RGDFC) and has specific affinity towards αvβ3 integrin heterodimers; the other is linear (RGDSP) and is reported to bind equally αvβ3 and α5β1. We have then evaluated the nanoparticle internalization in two cell lines with a markedly different integrin fingerprint: ovarian carcinoma A2780 (almost no αvβ3, moderate in α5β1) and glioma U87MG (very high in αvβ3, moderate/high in α5β1). As expected, particles with cyclic RGD were heavily internalized by U87MG (proportional to the peptide content and abrogated by anti-αvβ3) but not by A2780 (same as PEGylated particles). The linear peptide, on the other hand, did not differentiate between the cell lines, and the uptake increase vs. control particles was never higher than 50%, indicating a possible low and unselective affinity for various integrins. The strong preference of U87MG for cyclic (vs. linear) peptide-decorated nanoparticles was shown in 2D culture and further demonstrated in spheroids. Our results demonstrate that targeting specific integrin make-ups is possible and may open the way to more precise treatment, but more efforts need to be devoted to a better understanding of the relation between RGD structure and their integrin-binding capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio M Rios De La Rosa
- North West Centre for Advanced Drug Delivery (NoWCADD), School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
- Cambridge Enterprise Limited, University of Cambridge, The Hauser Forum, 3 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0GT, UK.
| | - Alice Spadea
- North West Centre for Advanced Drug Delivery (NoWCADD), School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Roberto Donno
- North West Centre for Advanced Drug Delivery (NoWCADD), School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
- Laboratory for Polymers and Biomaterials, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163, Genova, Italy
| | - Enrique Lallana
- North West Centre for Advanced Drug Delivery (NoWCADD), School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Yu Lu
- North West Centre for Advanced Drug Delivery (NoWCADD), School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Sanyogitta Puri
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R & D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Patrick Caswell
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - M Jayne Lawrence
- North West Centre for Advanced Drug Delivery (NoWCADD), School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Marianne Ashford
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R & D, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK
| | - Nicola Tirelli
- North West Centre for Advanced Drug Delivery (NoWCADD), School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
- Laboratory for Polymers and Biomaterials, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163, Genova, Italy.
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Roberts IV, Bukhary D, Valdivieso CYL, Tirelli N. Fibrin Matrices as (Injectable) Biomaterials: Formation, Clinical Use, and Molecular Engineering. Macromol Biosci 2019; 20:e1900283. [PMID: 31769933 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201900283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on fibrin, starting from biological mechanisms (its production from fibrinogen and its enzymatic degradation), through its use as a medical device and as a biomaterial, and finally discussing the techniques used to add biological functions and/or improve its mechanical performance through its molecular engineering. Fibrin is a material of biological (human, and even patient's own) origin, injectable, adhesive, and remodellable by cells; further, it is nature's most common choice for an in situ forming, provisional matrix. Its widespread use in the clinic and in research is therefore completely unsurprising. There are, however, areas where its biomedical performance can be improved, namely achieving a better control over mechanical properties (and possibly higher modulus), slowing down degradation or incorporating cell-instructive functions (e.g., controlled delivery of growth factors). The authors here specifically review the efforts made in the last 20 years to achieve these aims via biomimetic reactions or self-assembly, as much via formation of hybrid materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwan Vaughan Roberts
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Science, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Deena Bukhary
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Science, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.,Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Nicola Tirelli
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Science, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.,Laboratory of Polymers and Biomaterials, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
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