1
|
Ashuiev A, Allouche F, Islam MA, Carvalho JP, Sanders KJ, Conley MP, Klose D, Lapadula G, Wörle M, Baabe D, Walter MD, Pell AJ, Copéret C, Jeschke G, Pintacuda G, Andersen RA. Geometry and electronic structure of Yb(III)[CH(SiMe 3) 2] 3 from EPR and solid-state NMR augmented by computations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:8734-8747. [PMID: 38416412 PMCID: PMC10936694 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00281d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Characterization of paramagnetic compounds, in particular regarding the detailed conformation and electronic structure, remains a challenge, and - still today it often relies solely on the use of X-ray crystallography, thus limiting the access to electronic structure information. This is particularly true for lanthanide elements that are often associated with peculiar structural and electronic features in relation to their partially filled f-shell. Here, we develop a methodology based on the combined use of state-of-the-art magnetic resonance spectroscopies (EPR and solid-state NMR) and computational approaches as well as magnetic susceptibility measurements to determine the electronic structure and geometry of a paramagnetic Yb(III) alkyl complex, Yb(III)[CH(SiMe3)2]3, a prototypical example, which contains notable structural features according to X-ray crystallography. Each of these techniques revealed specific information about the geometry and electronic structure of the complex. Taken together, both EPR and NMR, augmented by quantum chemical calculations, provide a detailed and complementary understanding of such paramagnetic compounds. In particular, the EPR and NMR signatures point to the presence of three-centre-two-electron Yb-γ-Me-β-Si secondary metal-ligand interactions in this otherwise tri-coordinate metal complex, similarly to its diamagnetic Lu analogues. The electronic structure of Yb(III) can be described as a single 4f13 configuration, while an unusually large crystal-field splitting results in a thermally isolated ground Kramers doublet. Furthermore, the computational data indicate that the Yb-carbon bond contains some π-character, reminiscent of the so-called α-H agostic interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anton Ashuiev
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Florian Allouche
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Md Ashraful Islam
- Université de Lyon, Centre de RMN à Très Hauts Champs de Lyon (UMR 5082 - CNRS, ENS Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1), F-69100 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - José P Carvalho
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Svänte Arrhenius väg 16 C, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kevin J Sanders
- Université de Lyon, Centre de RMN à Très Hauts Champs de Lyon (UMR 5082 - CNRS, ENS Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1), F-69100 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Matthew P Conley
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Sciences, University of California Riverside, 501 Big Springs Road, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Daniel Klose
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Giuseppe Lapadula
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Michael Wörle
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Dirk Baabe
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marc D Walter
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Andrew J Pell
- Université de Lyon, Centre de RMN à Très Hauts Champs de Lyon (UMR 5082 - CNRS, ENS Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1), F-69100 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Christophe Copéret
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Gunnar Jeschke
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Guido Pintacuda
- Université de Lyon, Centre de RMN à Très Hauts Champs de Lyon (UMR 5082 - CNRS, ENS Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1), F-69100 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Richard A Andersen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Radhakrishnan S, Smet S, Chandran CV, Sree SP, Duerinckx K, Vanbutsele G, Martens JA, Breynaert E. Prediction of Cu Zeolite NH 3-SCR Activity from Variable Temperature 1H NMR Spectroscopy. Molecules 2023; 28:6456. [PMID: 37764230 PMCID: PMC10537069 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx by ammonia is one of the dominant pollution abatement technologies for near-zero NOx emission diesel engines. A crucial step in the reduction of NOx to N2 with Cu zeolite NH3-SCR catalysts is the generation of a multi-electron donating active site, implying the permanent or transient dimerization of Cu ions. Cu atom mobility has been implicated by computational chemistry as a key factor in this process. This report demonstrates how variable temperature 1H NMR reveals the Cu induced generation of sharp 1H resonances associated with a low concentration of sites on the zeolite. The onset temperature of the appearance of these signals was found to strongly correlate with the NH3-SCR activity and was observed for a range of catalysts covering multiple frameworks (CHA, AEI, AFX, ERI, ERI-CHA, ERI-OFF, *BEA), with different Si/Al ratios and different Cu contents. The results point towards universal applicability of variable temperature NMR to predict the activity of a Cu-zeolite SCR catalyst. The unique relationship of a spectroscopic feature with catalytic behavior for zeolites with different structures and chemical compositions is exceptional in heterogeneous catalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sambhu Radhakrishnan
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis—Characterization and Application Team (COK-KAT), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F Box 2461, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
- NMR/X-ray Platform for Convergence Research (NMRCoRe), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F Box 2461, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Sam Smet
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis—Characterization and Application Team (COK-KAT), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F Box 2461, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - C. Vinod Chandran
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis—Characterization and Application Team (COK-KAT), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F Box 2461, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
- NMR/X-ray Platform for Convergence Research (NMRCoRe), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F Box 2461, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Sreeprasanth Pulinthanathu Sree
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis—Characterization and Application Team (COK-KAT), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F Box 2461, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Karel Duerinckx
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis—Characterization and Application Team (COK-KAT), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F Box 2461, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
- NMR/X-ray Platform for Convergence Research (NMRCoRe), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F Box 2461, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Gina Vanbutsele
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis—Characterization and Application Team (COK-KAT), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F Box 2461, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Johan A. Martens
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis—Characterization and Application Team (COK-KAT), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F Box 2461, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
- NMR/X-ray Platform for Convergence Research (NMRCoRe), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F Box 2461, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Eric Breynaert
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis—Characterization and Application Team (COK-KAT), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F Box 2461, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
- NMR/X-ray Platform for Convergence Research (NMRCoRe), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F Box 2461, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ravera E, Gigli L, Fiorucci L, Luchinat C, Parigi G. The evolution of paramagnetic NMR as a tool in structural biology. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:17397-17416. [PMID: 35849063 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01838a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Paramagnetic NMR data contain extremely accurate long-range information on metalloprotein structures and, when used in the frame of integrative structural biology approaches, they allow for the retrieval of structural details to a resolution that is not achievable using other techniques. Paramagnetic data thus represent an extremely powerful tool to refine protein models in solution, especially when coupled to X-ray or cryoelectron microscopy data, to monitor the formation of complexes and determine the relative arrangements of their components, and to highlight the presence of conformational heterogeneity. More recently, theoretical and computational advancements in quantum chemical calculations of paramagnetic NMR observables are progressively opening new routes in structural biology, because they allow for the determination of the structure within the coordination sphere of the metal center, thus acting as a loupe on sites that are difficult to observe but very important for protein function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Ravera
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, via Luigi Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy.,Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy.,Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche Metallo Proteine (CIRMMP), via Luigi Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy.
| | - Lucia Gigli
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, via Luigi Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy.,Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy.,Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche Metallo Proteine (CIRMMP), via Luigi Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy.
| | - Letizia Fiorucci
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, via Luigi Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy.,Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy.,Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche Metallo Proteine (CIRMMP), via Luigi Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy.
| | - Claudio Luchinat
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, via Luigi Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy.,Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy.,Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche Metallo Proteine (CIRMMP), via Luigi Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy.
| | - Giacomo Parigi
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, via Luigi Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy.,Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy.,Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche Metallo Proteine (CIRMMP), via Luigi Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cheng M, Lee G, Lin T, Liu Y, Chiang M, Chen C, Peng S. Metal replacement in the syntheses of
M
A
M
B
M
C
heterometallic metal‐string complexes:
MPdM
'(dpa)
4
Cl
2
. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.202200154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming‐Chuan Cheng
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan
| | - Gene‐Hsiang Lee
- Instrumentation Center, College of Science National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Tien‐Sung Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Yu‐Chiao Liu
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan
| | | | - Chun‐hsien Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Shie‐Ming Peng
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Miao Q, Nitsche C, Orton H, Overhand M, Otting G, Ubbink M. Paramagnetic Chemical Probes for Studying Biological Macromolecules. Chem Rev 2022; 122:9571-9642. [PMID: 35084831 PMCID: PMC9136935 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Paramagnetic chemical probes have been used in electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy for more than four decades. Recent years witnessed a great increase in the variety of probes for the study of biological macromolecules (proteins, nucleic acids, and oligosaccharides). This Review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the existing paramagnetic chemical probes, including chemical synthetic approaches, functional properties, and selected applications. Recent developments have seen, in particular, a rapid expansion of the range of lanthanoid probes with anisotropic magnetic susceptibilities for the generation of structural restraints based on residual dipolar couplings and pseudocontact shifts in solution and solid state NMR spectroscopy, mostly for protein studies. Also many new isotropic paramagnetic probes, suitable for NMR measurements of paramagnetic relaxation enhancements, as well as EPR spectroscopic studies (in particular double resonance techniques) have been developed and employed to investigate biological macromolecules. Notwithstanding the large number of reported probes, only few have found broad application and further development of probes for dedicated applications is foreseen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Miao
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden 2333 CC, The Netherlands
- School
of Chemistry &Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi’an710021, China
| | - Christoph Nitsche
- Research
School of Chemistry, The Australian National
University, Sullivans Creek Road, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Henry Orton
- Research
School of Chemistry, The Australian National
University, Sullivans Creek Road, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
- ARC
Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide & Protein Science,
Research School of Chemistry, Australian
National University, Sullivans Creek Road, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Mark Overhand
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden 2333 CC, The Netherlands
| | - Gottfried Otting
- Research
School of Chemistry, The Australian National
University, Sullivans Creek Road, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
- ARC
Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide & Protein Science,
Research School of Chemistry, Australian
National University, Sullivans Creek Road, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Marcellus Ubbink
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden 2333 CC, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lang L, Ravera E, Parigi G, Luchinat C, Neese F. Theoretical analysis of the long-distance limit of NMR chemical shieldings. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:154115. [PMID: 35459319 DOI: 10.1063/5.0088162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
After some years of controversy, it was recently demonstrated how to obtain the correct long-distance limit [point-dipole approximation (PDA)] of pseudo-contact nuclear magnetic resonance chemical shifts from rigorous first-principles quantum mechanics [Lang et al., J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 11, 8735 (2020)]. This result confirmed the classical Kurland-McGarvey theory. In the present contribution, we elaborate on these results. In particular, we provide a detailed derivation of the PDA both from the Van den Heuvel-Soncini equation for the chemical shielding tensor and from a spin Hamiltonian approximation. Furthermore, we discuss in detail the PDA within the approximate density functional theory and Hartree-Fock theories. In our previous work, we assumed a relatively crude effective nuclear charge approximation for the spin-orbit coupling operator. Here, we overcome this assumption by demonstrating that the derivation is also possible within the fully relativistic Dirac equation and even without the assumption of a specific form for the Hamiltonian. Crucial ingredients for the general derivation are a Hamiltonian that respects gauge invariance, the multipolar gauge, and functional derivatives of the Hamiltonian, where it is possible to identify the first functional derivative with the electron number current density operator. The present work forms an important foundation for future extensions of the Kurland-McGarvey theory beyond the PDA, including induced magnetic quadrupole and higher moments to describe the magnetic hyperfine field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Lang
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Enrico Ravera
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, and Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metalloproteine (CIRMMP), Via Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
| | - Giacomo Parigi
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, and Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metalloproteine (CIRMMP), Via Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
| | - Claudio Luchinat
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, and Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metalloproteine (CIRMMP), Via Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
| | - Frank Neese
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Santana FS, Perfetti M, Briganti M, Sacco F, Poneti G, Ravera E, Soares JF, Sessoli R. A dysprosium single molecule magnet outperforming current pseudocontact shift agents. Chem Sci 2022; 13:5860-5871. [PMID: 35685802 PMCID: PMC9132026 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01619b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A common criterion for designing performant single molecule magnets and pseudocontact shift tags is a large magnetic anisotropy. In this article we present a dysprosium complex chemically designed to exhibit strong easy-axis type magnetic anisotropy that is preserved in dichloromethane solution at room temperature. Our detailed theoretical and experimental studies on the magnetic properties allowed explaining several features typical of highly performant SMMs. Moreover, the NMR characterization shows remarkably large chemical shifts, outperforming the current state-of-the art PCS tags. A robust dysprosium(iii) single molecule magnet with large uniaxial magnetic anisotropy induces pseudocontact shifts at almost doubled distance compared to standard shift agents.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francielli S. Santana
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico, 81530-900 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Mauro Perfetti
- Department of Chemistry “U. Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy
- Research Unit Firenze, INSTM, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Matteo Briganti
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico, 81530-900 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
- Department of Chemistry “U. Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy
| | - Francesca Sacco
- Department of Chemistry “U. Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metalloproteine, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy
| | - Giordano Poneti
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Tecnologia – Cidade Universitária, Avenida Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149, 21941-909 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Enrico Ravera
- Department of Chemistry “U. Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metalloproteine, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy
| | - Jaísa F. Soares
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico, 81530-900 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Roberta Sessoli
- Department of Chemistry “U. Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy
- Research Unit Firenze, INSTM, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Novikov VV, Nelyubina YV. Modern physical methods for the molecular design of single-molecule magnets. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr5002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Many paramagnetic metal complexes have emerged as unique magnetic materials (single-molecule magnets), which behave as conventional magnets at the single-molecule level, thereby making it possible to use them in modern devices for data storage and processing. The rational design of these complexes, however, requires a deep understanding of the physical laws behind a single-molecule magnet behaviour, the mechanisms of magnetic relaxation that determines the magnetic properties and the relationship of these properties with the structure of single-molecule magnets. This review focuses on the physical methods providing such understanding, including different versions and various combinations of magnetometry, electron paramagnetic and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, optical spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Many of these methods are traditionally used to determine the composition and structure of new chemical compounds. However, they are rarely applied to study molecular magnetism.
The bibliography includes 224 references.
Collapse
|
9
|
Pell AJ. A method to calculate the NMR spectra of paramagnetic species using thermalized electronic relaxation. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2021; 326:106939. [PMID: 33744830 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2021.106939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
For paramagnetic species, it has been long understood that the hyperfine interaction between the unpaired electrons and the nucleus results in a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) peak that is shifted by a paramagnetic shift, rather than split by the coupling, due to an averaging of the electronic magnetic moment caused by electronic relaxation that is fast in comparison to the hyperfine coupling constant. However, although this feature of paramagnetic NMR has formed the basis of all theories of the paramagnetic shift, the precise theory and mechanism of the electronic relaxation required to predict this result has never been discussed, nor has the assertion been tested. In this paper, we show that the standard semi-classical Redfield theory of relaxation fails to predict a paramagnetic shift, as does any attempt to correct for the semi-classical theory using modifications such as the inhomogeneous master equation or Levitt-di Bari thermalization. In fact, only the recently-introduced Lindbladian theory of relaxation in magnetic resonance [J.Magn.Reson., 310, 106645 (2019)] is able to correctly predict the paramagnetic shift tensor and relaxation-induced linewidth in pNMR. Furthermore, this new formalism is able to predict the NMR spectra of paramagnetic species outside the high-temperature and weak-order limits, and is therefore also applicable to dynamic nuclear polarization. The formalism is tested by simulations of five case studies, which include Fermi-contact and spin-dipolar hyperfine couplings, g-anisotropy, zero-field splitting, high and low temperatures, and fast and slow electronic relaxation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Pell
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Svänte Arrhenius väg 16 C, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden; Centre de RMN Trés Hauts Champs de Lyon (UMR5082 CNRS/ENS-Lyon/Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1), Université de Lyon, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ravera E, Gigli L, Czarniecki B, Lang L, Kümmerle R, Parigi G, Piccioli M, Neese F, Luchinat C. A Quantum Chemistry View on Two Archetypical Paramagnetic Pentacoordinate Nickel(II) Complexes Offers a Fresh Look on Their NMR Spectra. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:2068-2075. [PMID: 33478214 PMCID: PMC7877564 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c03635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Quantum chemical methods for calculating paramagnetic NMR observables are becoming
increasingly accessible and are being included in the inorganic chemistry practice.
Here, we test the performance of these methods in the prediction of proton hyperfine
shifts of two archetypical high-spin pentacoordinate nickel(II) complexes (NiSAL-MeDPT
and NiSAL-HDPT), which, for a variety of reasons, turned out to be perfectly suited to
challenge the predictions to the finest level of detail. For NiSAL-MeDPT, new NMR
experiments yield an assignment that perfectly matches the calculations. The slightly
different hyperfine shifts from the two “halves” of the molecules related
by a pseudo-C2 axis, which are experimentally divided into
two well-defined spin systems, are also straightforwardly distinguished by the
calculations. In the case of NiSAL-HDPT, for which no X-ray structure is available, the
quality of the calculations allowed us to refine its structure using as a starting
template the structure of NiSAL-MeDPT. State-of-the-art
quantum chemical methods and paramagnetism-tailored
NMR experiments provide a deep insight on the relation between the
spectra and the electronic structure for two paramagnetic pentacoordinate
nickel(II) complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Ravera
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff″, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.,Magnetic Resonance Center, University of Florence and Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metalloproteine, Via L. Sacconi 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Lucia Gigli
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff″, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.,Magnetic Resonance Center, University of Florence and Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metalloproteine, Via L. Sacconi 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Barbara Czarniecki
- Bruker Biospin Corporation, Industriestrasse 26, 8117 Fällanden, Switzerland
| | - Lucas Lang
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Rainer Kümmerle
- Bruker Biospin Corporation, Industriestrasse 26, 8117 Fällanden, Switzerland
| | - Giacomo Parigi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff″, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.,Magnetic Resonance Center, University of Florence and Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metalloproteine, Via L. Sacconi 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Mario Piccioli
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff″, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.,Magnetic Resonance Center, University of Florence and Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metalloproteine, Via L. Sacconi 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Frank Neese
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Claudio Luchinat
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff″, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.,Magnetic Resonance Center, University of Florence and Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metalloproteine, Via L. Sacconi 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lang L, Ravera E, Parigi G, Luchinat C, Neese F. Solution of a Puzzle: High-Level Quantum-Chemical Treatment of Pseudocontact Chemical Shifts Confirms Classic Semiempirical Theory. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:8735-8744. [PMID: 32930598 PMCID: PMC7584370 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A recently popularized approach for the calculation of pseudocontact shifts (PCSs) based on first-principles quantum chemistry (QC) leads to different results than the classic "semiempirical" equation involving the susceptibility tensor. Studies that attempted a comparison of theory and experiment led to conflicting conclusions with respect to the preferred theoretical approach. In this Letter, we show that after inclusion of previously neglected terms in the full Hamiltonian, one can deduce the semiempirical equations from a rigorous QC-based treatment. It also turns out that in the long-distance limit, one can approximate the complete A tensor in terms of the g tensor. By means of Kohn-Sham density functional theory calculations, we numerically confirm the long-distance expression for the A tensor and the theoretically predicted scaling behavior of the different terms. Our derivation suggests a computational strategy in which one calculates the susceptibility tensor and inserts it into the classic equation for the PCS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Lang
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Enrico Ravera
- Magnetic
Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence,
and Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metalloproteine
(CIRMMP), via Sacconi
6, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
- Department
of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
| | - Giacomo Parigi
- Magnetic
Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence,
and Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metalloproteine
(CIRMMP), via Sacconi
6, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
- Department
of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
| | - Claudio Luchinat
- Magnetic
Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence,
and Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metalloproteine
(CIRMMP), via Sacconi
6, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
- Department
of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
| | - Frank Neese
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Parker D, Suturina EA, Kuprov I, Chilton NF. How the Ligand Field in Lanthanide Coordination Complexes Determines Magnetic Susceptibility Anisotropy, Paramagnetic NMR Shift, and Relaxation Behavior. Acc Chem Res 2020; 53:1520-1534. [PMID: 32667187 PMCID: PMC7467575 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Complexes of lanthanide(III) ions are being actively studied because of their unique ground and excited state properties and the associated optical and magnetic behavior. In particular, they are used as emissive probes in optical spectroscopy and microscopy and as contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, the design of new complexes with specific optical and magnetic properties requires a thorough understanding of the correlation between molecular structure and electric and magnetic susceptibilities, as well as their anisotropies. The traditional Judd-Ofelt-Mason theory has failed to offer useful guidelines for systematic design of emissive lanthanide optical probes. Similarly, Bleaney's theory of magnetic anisotropy and its modifications fail to provide accurate detail that permits new paramagnetic shift reagents to be designed rather than discovered.A key determinant of optical and magnetic behavior in f-element compounds is the ligand field, often considered as an electrostatic field at the lanthanide created by the ligands. The resulting energy level splitting is a sensitive function of several factors: the nature and polarizability of the whole ligand and its donor atoms; the geometric details of the coordination polyhedron; the presence and extent of solvent interactions; specific hydrogen bonding effects on donor atoms and the degree of supramolecular order in the system. The relative importance of these factors can vary widely for different lanthanide ions and ligands. For nuclear magnetic properties, it is both the ligand field splitting and the magnetic susceptibility tensor, notably its anisotropy, that determine paramagnetic shifts and nuclear relaxation enhancement.We review the factors that control the ligand field in lanthanide complexes and link these to aspects of their utility in magnetic resonance and optical emission spectroscopy and imaging. We examine recent progress in this area particularly in the theory of paramagnetic chemical shift and relaxation enhancement, where some long-neglected effects of zero-field splitting, magnetic susceptibility anisotropy, and spatial distribution of lanthanide tags have been accommodated in an elegant way.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Parker
- Department
of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K.
| | | | - Ilya Kuprov
- School
of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K.
| | - Nicholas F. Chilton
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Blahut J, Benda L, Kotek J, Pintacuda G, Hermann P. Paramagnetic Cobalt(II) Complexes with Cyclam Derivatives: Toward 19F MRI Contrast Agents. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:10071-10082. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Blahut
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic
- High-Field NMR Centre, CNRS FRE2034/UCB de Lyon 1/ENS de Lyon, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Lyon-Villeurbanne, France
| | - Ladislav Benda
- High-Field NMR Centre, CNRS FRE2034/UCB de Lyon 1/ENS de Lyon, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Lyon-Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jan Kotek
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Guido Pintacuda
- High-Field NMR Centre, CNRS FRE2034/UCB de Lyon 1/ENS de Lyon, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Lyon-Villeurbanne, France
| | - Petr Hermann
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Parigi G, Ravera E, Luchinat C. Magnetic susceptibility and paramagnetism-based NMR. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 114-115:211-236. [PMID: 31779881 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The magnetic interactions between the nuclear magnetic moment and the magnetic moment of unpaired electron(s) depend on the structure and dynamics of the molecules where the paramagnetic center is located and of their partners. The long-range nature of the magnetic interactions is thus a reporter of invaluable information for structural biology studies, when other techniques often do not provide enough data for the atomic-level characterization of the system. This precious information explains the flourishing of paramagnetism-assisted NMR studies in recent years. Many paramagnetic effects are related to the magnetic susceptibility of the paramagnetic metal. Although these effects have been known for more than half a century, different theoretical models and new approaches have been proposed in the last decade. In this review, we have summarized the consequences for NMR spectroscopy of magnetic interactions between nuclear and electron magnetic moments, and thus of the presence of a magnetic susceptibility due to metals, and we do so using a unified notation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Parigi
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM) and Interuniversity Consortium for Magnetic Resonance of Metallo Proteins (CIRMMP), Via L. Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Enrico Ravera
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM) and Interuniversity Consortium for Magnetic Resonance of Metallo Proteins (CIRMMP), Via L. Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Claudio Luchinat
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM) and Interuniversity Consortium for Magnetic Resonance of Metallo Proteins (CIRMMP), Via L. Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ravera E, Parigi G, Luchinat C. What are the methodological and theoretical prospects for paramagnetic NMR in structural biology? A glimpse into the crystal ball. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2019; 306:173-179. [PMID: 31331762 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2019.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
NMR spectroscopy is very sensitive to the presence of unpaired electrons, which perturb the NMR chemical shifts, J splittings and nuclear relaxation rates. These paramagnetic effects have attracted increasing attention over the last decades, and their use is expected to increase further in the future because they can provide structural information not easily achievable with other techniques. In fact, paramagnetic data provide long range structural restraints that can be used to assess the accuracy of crystal structures in solution and to improve them by simultaneous refinements with the X-ray data. They are also precious for obtaining information on the conformational variability of biomolecular systems, possibly in conjunction with SAXS and/or DEER data. We foresee that new tools will be developed in the next years for the simultaneous analysis of the paramagnetic data with data obtained from different techniques, in order to take advantage synergistically of the information content of all of them. Of course, the use of the paramagnetic data for structural purposes requires the knowledge of the relationship between these data and the molecular coordinates. Recently, the equations commonly used, dating back to half a century ago, have been questioned by first principle quantum chemistry calculations. Our prediction is that further theoretical/computational improvements will essentially confirm the validity of the old semi-empirical equations for the analysis of the experimental paramagnetic data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Ravera
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM) and Interuniversity Consortium for Magnetic Resonance of Metallo Proteins (CIRMMP), Via L. Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Giacomo Parigi
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM) and Interuniversity Consortium for Magnetic Resonance of Metallo Proteins (CIRMMP), Via L. Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Claudio Luchinat
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM) and Interuniversity Consortium for Magnetic Resonance of Metallo Proteins (CIRMMP), Via L. Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Harnden AC, Suturina EA, Batsanov AS, Senanayake PK, Fox MA, Mason K, Vonci M, McInnes EJL, Chilton NF, Parker D. Unravelling the Complexities of Pseudocontact Shift Analysis in Lanthanide Coordination Complexes of Differing Symmetry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:10290-10294. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201906031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alice C. Harnden
- Department of ChemistryDurham University South Road Durham DH1 3LE UK
| | | | | | | | - Mark A. Fox
- Department of ChemistryDurham University South Road Durham DH1 3LE UK
| | - Kevin Mason
- Department of ChemistryDurham University South Road Durham DH1 3LE UK
| | - Michele Vonci
- School of Chemistry and Photon Science InstituteThe University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Eric J. L. McInnes
- School of Chemistry and Photon Science InstituteThe University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Nicholas F. Chilton
- School of Chemistry and Photon Science InstituteThe University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - David Parker
- Department of ChemistryDurham University South Road Durham DH1 3LE UK
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Cerofolini L, Silva JM, Ravera E, Romanelli M, Geraldes CFGC, Macedo AL, Fragai M, Parigi G, Luchinat C. How Do Nuclei Couple to the Magnetic Moment of a Paramagnetic Center? A New Theory at the Gauntlet of the Experiments. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:3610-3614. [PMID: 31181162 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b01128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The recent derivation, based on pure quantum chemistry (QC) first-principles, of the pseudocontact shifts (PCSs) caused by a paramagnetic metal center on far away nuclei has cast doubts on the validity of the semiempirical (SE) theory, predicting PCSs to arise from the metal magnetic susceptibility anisotropy. The SE theory has been used and applied countless times, especially in the last 2 decades, to obtain structural information on proteins containing paramagnetic metal ions. We show here that the QC and SE predictions can be directly tested against experiments, provided a suitable macromolecular system is used. The SE approach yields a good prediction of the experimental PCSs while the QC one does not. It appears that the classic theory is able to grasp satisfactorily the underlying physics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Cerofolini
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM) , University of Florence, and Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metalloproteine (CIRMMP) , via Sacconi 6 , Sesto Fiorentino 50019 , Italy
| | - José Malanho Silva
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM) , University of Florence, and Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metalloproteine (CIRMMP) , via Sacconi 6 , Sesto Fiorentino 50019 , Italy
- Department of Life Sciences and Coimbra Chemistry Center , University of Coimbra , Coimbra 3004-531 , Portugal
- UCIBIO-Requimte, Faculty of Sciences and Technology , Universidade NOVA de Lisboa , Caparica 2829-516 , Portugal
| | - Enrico Ravera
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM) , University of Florence, and Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metalloproteine (CIRMMP) , via Sacconi 6 , Sesto Fiorentino 50019 , Italy
- Department of Chemistry , University of Florence , Sesto Fiorentino 50019 , Italy
| | - Maurizio Romanelli
- Department of Earth Sciences , University of Florence , Sesto Fiorentino 50019 , Italy
| | - Carlos F G C Geraldes
- Department of Life Sciences and Coimbra Chemistry Center , University of Coimbra , Coimbra 3004-531 , Portugal
| | - Anjos L Macedo
- UCIBIO-Requimte, Faculty of Sciences and Technology , Universidade NOVA de Lisboa , Caparica 2829-516 , Portugal
| | - Marco Fragai
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM) , University of Florence, and Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metalloproteine (CIRMMP) , via Sacconi 6 , Sesto Fiorentino 50019 , Italy
- Department of Chemistry , University of Florence , Sesto Fiorentino 50019 , Italy
| | - Giacomo Parigi
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM) , University of Florence, and Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metalloproteine (CIRMMP) , via Sacconi 6 , Sesto Fiorentino 50019 , Italy
- Department of Chemistry , University of Florence , Sesto Fiorentino 50019 , Italy
| | - Claudio Luchinat
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM) , University of Florence, and Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metalloproteine (CIRMMP) , via Sacconi 6 , Sesto Fiorentino 50019 , Italy
- Department of Chemistry , University of Florence , Sesto Fiorentino 50019 , Italy
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Harnden AC, Suturina EA, Batsanov AS, Senanayake PK, Fox MA, Mason K, Vonci M, McInnes EJL, Chilton NF, Parker D. Unravelling the Complexities of Pseudocontact Shift Analysis in Lanthanide Coordination Complexes of Differing Symmetry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201906031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alice C. Harnden
- Department of ChemistryDurham University South Road Durham DH1 3LE UK
| | | | | | | | - Mark A. Fox
- Department of ChemistryDurham University South Road Durham DH1 3LE UK
| | - Kevin Mason
- Department of ChemistryDurham University South Road Durham DH1 3LE UK
| | - Michele Vonci
- School of Chemistry and Photon Science InstituteThe University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Eric J. L. McInnes
- School of Chemistry and Photon Science InstituteThe University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Nicholas F. Chilton
- School of Chemistry and Photon Science InstituteThe University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - David Parker
- Department of ChemistryDurham University South Road Durham DH1 3LE UK
| |
Collapse
|