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George G, Posada-Pérez S. Interaction of C 60 with Methylammonium Lead Iodide Perovskite Surfaces: Unveiling the Role of C 60 in Surface Engineering. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401283. [PMID: 38695306 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the interaction between fullerene (C60) and perovskite surfaces is pivotal for advancing the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells. In this study, we investigate the adsorption behavior of C60 on methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) surfaces using periodic density functional theory calculations. We explore various surface terminations and defect configurations to elucidate the influence of surface morphology on the C60-perovskite interaction, computing the adsorption energy and transfer of charge. Our results reveal distinct adsorption energies and charge transfer mechanisms for different surface terminations, shedding light on the role of surface defects in modifying the electronic structure and stability of perovskite materials. Furthermore, we provide insights into the potential of C60 to passivate surface defects, playing a relevant role in the surface reconstruction after the formation of defects. This comprehensive understanding of C60-perovskite interactions offers valuable guidelines about the role of fullerenes on surface structure and reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gibu George
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, c/ Maria Aurèlia, Capmany 69, 17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Sergio Posada-Pérez
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, c/ Maria Aurèlia, Capmany 69, 17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
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2
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Zhang S, Su J, Zhang J, Lin Z, Yuan H, Chang J, Hao Y. Impacts of the Electron Transport Layer Surface Reconstruction on the Buried Interface in Perovskite Optoelectronic Devices. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:11834-11842. [PMID: 34870988 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Using density functional theory combined with ab initio molecular dynamics, we comprehensively investigated the performance enhancement mechanism of the device after surface reconstruction by passivating different halogen groups (i.e., F or Cl) at the ETL/perovskite interface. We demonstrated that the halogen group at the ETL layer could stabilize the geometric structure of the perovskite surface by balancing the interfacial interaction, ionic migration, and lead iodide framework. Even though halogen passivation decreased and increased the interface charge transfer at the O- and SnO-terminated MAPbI3/SnO2 interfaces, respectively, halogen passivation optimized surface reconstruction and could theoretically relieve the interface carrier recombination according to the changes in conduction band offsets generated by halogen passivation. Furthermore, the interfacial carrier recombination of the MAPbI3/SnO2 interface was also connected to the interfacial gap states, which were smaller for O-terminated MAPbI3/SnO2 interfaces with halogen passivation-induced surface reconstruction but larger for the SnO-terminated cases. Hence, our findings have implications for the design of buried interface optimization in perovskite optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Zhang
- State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology, Shaanxi Joint Key Laboratory of Graphene, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, 2 South Taibai Road, Xi'an 710071, China
| | - Jie Su
- State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology, Shaanxi Joint Key Laboratory of Graphene, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, 2 South Taibai Road, Xi'an 710071, China
| | - Jincheng Zhang
- State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology, Shaanxi Joint Key Laboratory of Graphene, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, 2 South Taibai Road, Xi'an 710071, China
| | - Zhenhua Lin
- State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology, Shaanxi Joint Key Laboratory of Graphene, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, 2 South Taibai Road, Xi'an 710071, China
| | - Haidong Yuan
- State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology, Shaanxi Joint Key Laboratory of Graphene, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, 2 South Taibai Road, Xi'an 710071, China
| | - Jingjing Chang
- State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology, Shaanxi Joint Key Laboratory of Graphene, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, 2 South Taibai Road, Xi'an 710071, China
| | - Yue Hao
- State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology, Shaanxi Joint Key Laboratory of Graphene, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, 2 South Taibai Road, Xi'an 710071, China
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Lei Y, Xu Y, Wang M, Zhu G, Jin Z. Origin, Influence, and Countermeasures of Defects in Perovskite Solar Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2005495. [PMID: 33759357 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202005495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Defects are considered to be one of the most significant factors that compromise the power conversion efficiencies and long-term stability of perovskite solar cells. Therefore, it is urgent to have a profound understanding of their formation and influence mechanism, so as to take corresponding measures to suppress or even completely eliminate their adverse effects on device performance. Herein, the possible origins of the defects in metal halide perovskite films and their impacts on the device performance are analyzed, and then various methods to reduce defect density are introduced in detail. Starting from the internal and interfacial aspects of the metal halide perovskite films, several ways to improve device performance and long-term stability including additive engineering, surface passivation, and other physical treatments (annealing engineering), etc., are further elaborated. Finally, the further understanding of defects and the development trend of passivation strategies are prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutian Lei
- School of Physical Science and Technology & Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design (MoE) & National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Optical Conversion Materials and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Youkui Xu
- School of Physical Science and Technology & Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design (MoE) & National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Optical Conversion Materials and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Meng Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology & Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design (MoE) & National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Optical Conversion Materials and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Ge Zhu
- Key Laboratory of New Energy and Rare Earth Resource Utilization of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Key Laboratory of Photosensitive Materials & Devices of Liaoning Province, College of Physics and Materials Engineering, Dalian Minzu University, 18 Liaohe West Road, Dalian, 116600, China
| | - Zhiwen Jin
- School of Physical Science and Technology & Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design (MoE) & National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Optical Conversion Materials and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
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Naskar A, Khanal R, Choudhury S. Role of Chemistry and Crystal Structure on the Electronic Defect States in Cs-Based Halide Perovskites. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:1032. [PMID: 33671661 PMCID: PMC7926727 DOI: 10.3390/ma14041032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The electronic structure of a series perovskites ABX3 (A = Cs; B = Ca, Sr, and Ba; X = F, Cl, Br, and I) in the presence and absence of antisite defect XB were systematically investigated based on density-functional-theory calculations. Both cubic and orthorhombic perovskites were considered. It was observed that for certain perovskite compositions and crystal structure, presence of antisite point defect leads to the formation of electronic defect state(s) within the band gap. We showed that both the type of electronic defect states and their individual energy level location within the bandgap can be predicted based on easily available intrinsic properties of the constituent elements, such as the bond-dissociation energy of the B-X and X-X bond, the X-X covalent bond length, and the atomic size of halide (X) as well as structural characteristic such as B-X-B bond angle. Overall, this work provides a science-based generic principle to design the electronic states within the band structure in Cs-based perovskites in presence of point defects such as antisite defect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Samrat Choudhury
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA; (A.N.); (R.K.)
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Ding Y, Shen Y, Peng C, Huang M, Hu P. Unraveling the Photogenerated Electron Localization on the Defect-Free CH 3NH 3PbI 3(001) Surfaces: Understanding and Implications from a First-Principles Study. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:8041-8047. [PMID: 32893641 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The localization of photogenerated electrons in photovoltaic and photocatalytic materials is crucial for reducing the electron-hole recombination rate. Here, the photogenerated electron localization is systematically investigated on the CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) perovskite using first-principles calculations. It is found that under vacuum conditions, the photogenerated electron is delocalized in the MAPbI3 bulk as well as on the stochiometric MAPbI3(001) surface with the CH3NH3I (MAI) termination, while it is trapped on the defect-free PbI2-terminated surface. Our ab initio molecular dynamics simulations reveal that the introduction of solutions will prompt the formation of localized electronic states. The photogenerated electron is discovered to be localized on both the MAI- and PbI2-terminated surfaces in the presence of solutions with different concentrations of HI, from pure water to the saturated solution. We demonstrate that the Pb-I bond weakening or breaking resulting in an unsaturated coordination of a Pb site is the prerequisite to trap the photogenerated electron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxuan Ding
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, U.K
| | - Yujie Shen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, U.K
| | - Chao Peng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, U.K
| | - Meilan Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, U.K
| | - P Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, U.K
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Xie L, Vashishtha P, Koh TM, Harikesh PC, Jamaludin NF, Bruno A, Hooper TJN, Li J, Ng YF, Mhaisalkar SG, Mathews N. Realizing Reduced Imperfections via Quantum Dots Interdiffusion in High Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2003296. [PMID: 32856340 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202003296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Realization of reduced ionic (cationic and anionic) defects at the surface and grain boundaries (GBs) of perovskite films is vital to boost the power conversion efficiency of organic-inorganic halide perovskite (OIHP) solar cells. Although numerous strategies have been developed, effective passivation still remains a great challenge due to the complexity and diversity of these defects. Herein, a solid-state interdiffusion process using multi-cation hybrid halide perovskite quantum dots (QDs) is introduced as a strategy to heal the ionic defects at the surface and GBs. It is found that the solid-state interdiffusion process leads to a reduction in OIHP shallow defects. In addition, Cs+ distribution in QDs greatly influences the effectiveness of ionic defect passivation with significant enhancement to all photovoltaic performance characteristics observed on treating the solar cells with Cs0.05 (MA0.17 FA0.83 )0.95 PbBr3 (abbreviated as QDs-Cs5). This enables power conversion efficiency (PCE) exceeding 21% to be achieved with more than 90% of its initial PCE retained on exposure to continuous illumination of more than 550 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xie
- Energy Research Institute at Nanyang Technological University (ERI@N), Research Techno Plaza, X-Frontier Block Level 5, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637553, Singapore
| | - Parth Vashishtha
- Energy Research Institute at Nanyang Technological University (ERI@N), Research Techno Plaza, X-Frontier Block Level 5, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637553, Singapore
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Teck Ming Koh
- Energy Research Institute at Nanyang Technological University (ERI@N), Research Techno Plaza, X-Frontier Block Level 5, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637553, Singapore
| | - Padinhare Cholakkal Harikesh
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Nur Fadilah Jamaludin
- Energy Research Institute at Nanyang Technological University (ERI@N), Research Techno Plaza, X-Frontier Block Level 5, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637553, Singapore
| | - Annalisa Bruno
- Energy Research Institute at Nanyang Technological University (ERI@N), Research Techno Plaza, X-Frontier Block Level 5, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637553, Singapore
| | - Thomas J N Hooper
- Energy Research Institute at Nanyang Technological University (ERI@N), Research Techno Plaza, X-Frontier Block Level 5, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637553, Singapore
- NTU Center of High Field NMR Spectroscopy and Imaging, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Jia Li
- Energy Research Institute at Nanyang Technological University (ERI@N), Research Techno Plaza, X-Frontier Block Level 5, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637553, Singapore
| | - Yan Fong Ng
- Energy Research Institute at Nanyang Technological University (ERI@N), Research Techno Plaza, X-Frontier Block Level 5, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637553, Singapore
| | - Subodh G Mhaisalkar
- Energy Research Institute at Nanyang Technological University (ERI@N), Research Techno Plaza, X-Frontier Block Level 5, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637553, Singapore
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Nripan Mathews
- Energy Research Institute at Nanyang Technological University (ERI@N), Research Techno Plaza, X-Frontier Block Level 5, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637553, Singapore
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
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Zheng C, Rubel O, Kepenekian M, Rocquefelte X, Katan C. Electronic properties of Pb-I deficient lead halide perovskites. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:234704. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5127513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Oleg Rubel
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Mikaël Kepenekian
- Univ Rennes, ENSCR, INSA Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Xavier Rocquefelte
- Univ Rennes, ENSCR, INSA Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Claudine Katan
- Univ Rennes, ENSCR, INSA Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
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