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Brey D, Burghardt I. Coherent Transient Localization Mechanism of Interchain Exciton Transport in Regioregular P3HT: A Quantum-Dynamical Study. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:1836-1845. [PMID: 38334949 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Transient localization has been proposed as a transport mechanism in organic materials, for both charge carriers and excitons. Here, we characterize a quantum coherent transient localization mechanism using full quantum simulations of an H-aggregated model system representative of regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) (rrP3HT). A Frenkel-Holstein Hamiltonian parametrized from first principles is considered, including local high-frequency modes and anharmonic, site-correlated interchain modes. Quantum-dynamical calculations are carried out using the Multi-Layer Multi-Configuration Time-Dependent Hartree (ML-MCTDH) method for a 13-site system with 195 vibrational modes, under periodic boundary conditions. It is shown that temporary localization of exciton polarons alternates with resonant transfer driven by interchain modes. While the transport process is mainly determined by exciton-polarons at the low-energy band edge, persistent coupling with the excitonic manifold is observed, giving rise to a nonadiabatic excitonic flux. This elementary transport mechanism remains preserved for limited static disorder and gives way to Anderson localization when the static disorder becomes dominant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Brey
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Irene Burghardt
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
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2
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Takatsuka K, Arasaki Y. Electronic-state chaos, intramolecular electronic energy redistribution, and chemical bonding in persisting multidimensional nonadiabatic systems. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:074110. [PMID: 37602802 DOI: 10.1063/5.0159178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
We study the chaotic, huge fluctuation of electronic state, resultant intramolecular energy redistribution, and strong chemical bonding surviving the fluctuation with exceedingly long lifetimes of highly excited boron clusters. Those excited states constitute densely quasi-degenerate state manifolds. The huge fluctuation is induced by persisting multidimensional nonadiabatic transitions among the states in the manifold. We clarify the mechanism of their coexistence and its physical significance. In doing so, we concentrate on two theoretical aspects. One is quantum chaos and energy randomization, which are to be directly extracted from the properties of the total electronic wavefunctions. The present dynamical chaos takes place through frequent transitions from adiabatic states to others, thereby making it very rare for the system to find dissociation channels. This phenomenon leads to the concept of what we call intramolecular nonadiabatic electronic-energy redistribution, which is an electronic-state generaliztion of the notion of intramolecular vibrational energy redistribution. The other aspect is about the peculiar chemical bonding. We investigate it with the energy natural orbitals (ENOs) to see what kind of theoretical structures lie behind the huge fluctuation. The ENO energy levels representing the highly excited states under study appear to have four robust layers. We show that the energy layers responsible for chaotic dynamics and those for chemical bonding are widely separated from each other, and only when an event of what we call "inter-layer crossing" happens to burst can the destruction of these robust energy layers occur, resulting in molecular dissociation. This crossing event happens only rarely because of the large energy gaps between the ENO layers. It is shown that the layers of high energy composed of complex-valued ENOs induce the turbulent flow of electrons and electronic-energy in the cluster. In addition, the random and fast time-oscillations of those high energy ENOs serve as a random force on the nuclear dynamics, which can work to prevent a concentration of high nuclear kinetic energy in the dissociation channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Takatsuka
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, 606-8103 Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuki Arasaki
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, 606-8103 Kyoto, Japan
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Arasaki Y, Takatsuka K. Energy natural orbital characterization of nonadiabatic electron wavepackets in the densely quasi-degenerate electronic state manifold. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:114102. [PMID: 36948795 DOI: 10.1063/5.0139288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dynamics and energetic structure of largely fluctuating nonadiabatic electron wavepackets are studied in terms of Energy Natural Orbitals (ENOs) [K. Takatsuka and Y. Arasaki, J. Chem. Phys. 154, 094103 (2021)]. Such huge fluctuating states are sampled from the highly excited states of clusters of 12 boron atoms (B12), which have densely quasi-degenerate electronic excited-state manifold, each adiabatic state of which gets promptly mixed with other states through the frequent and enduring nonadiabatic interactions within the manifold. Yet, the wavepacket states are expected to be of very long lifetimes. This excited-state electronic wavepacket dynamics is extremely interesting but very hard to analyze since they are usually represented in large time-dependent configuration interaction wavefunctions and/or in some other complicated forms. We have found that ENO gives an invariant energy orbital picture to characterize not only the static highly correlated electronic wavefunctions but also those time-dependent electronic wavefunctions. Hence, we first demonstrate how the ENO representation works for some general cases, choosing proton transfer in water dimer and electron-deficient multicenter chemical bonding in diborane in the ground state. We then penetrate with ENO deep into the analysis of the essential nature of nonadiabatic electron wavepacket dynamics in the excited states and show the mechanism of the coexistence of huge electronic fluctuation and rather strong chemical bonds under very random electron flows within the molecule. To quantify the intra-molecular energy flow associated with the huge electronic-state fluctuation, we define and numerically demonstrate what we call the electronic energy flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuki Arasaki
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, 606-8103 Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuo Takatsuka
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, 606-8103 Kyoto, Japan
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Takatsuka K. Quantum Chaos in the Dynamics of Molecules. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 25:63. [PMID: 36673204 PMCID: PMC9857761 DOI: 10.3390/e25010063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Quantum chaos is reviewed from the viewpoint of "what is molecule?", particularly placing emphasis on their dynamics. Molecules are composed of heavy nuclei and light electrons, and thereby the very basic molecular theory due to Born and Oppenheimer gives a view that quantum electronic states provide potential functions working on nuclei, which in turn are often treated classically or semiclassically. Therefore, the classic study of chaos in molecular science began with those nuclear dynamics particularly about the vibrational energy randomization within a molecule. Statistical laws in probabilities and rates of chemical reactions even for small molecules of several atoms are among the chemical phenomena requiring the notion of chaos. Particularly the dynamics behind unimolecular decomposition are referred to as Intra-molecular Vibrational energy Redistribution (IVR). Semiclassical mechanics is also one of the main research fields of quantum chaos. We herein demonstrate chaos that appears only in semiclassical and full quantum dynamics. A fundamental phenomenon possibly giving birth to quantum chaos is "bifurcation and merging" of quantum wavepackets, rather than "stretching and folding" of the baker's transformation and the horseshoe map as a geometrical foundation of classical chaos. Such wavepacket bifurcation and merging are indeed experimentally measurable as we showed before in the series of studies on real-time probing of nonadiabatic chemical reactions. After tracking these aspects of molecular chaos, we will explore quantum chaos found in nonadiabatic electron wavepacket dynamics, which emerges in the realm far beyond the Born-Oppenheimer paradigm. In this class of chaos, we propose a notion of Intra-molecular Nonadiabatic Electronic Energy Redistribution (INEER), which is a consequence of the chaotic fluxes of electrons and energy within a molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Takatsuka
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan
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Takatsuka K, Arasaki Y. Real-time electronic energy current and quantum energy flux in molecules. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:244108. [PMID: 36586984 DOI: 10.1063/5.0131200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Intra- and inter-molecular electronic energy current is formulated by defining the probability current of electronic energy, called the energy flux. Among vast possible applications to electronic energy transfer phenomena, including chemical reaction dynamics, here we present a first numerical example from highly excited nonadiabatic electron wavepacket dynamics of a boron cluster B12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Takatsuka
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, 606-8103 Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuki Arasaki
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, 606-8103 Kyoto, Japan
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Hanasaki K, Takatsuka K. Spin current in chemical reactions. Chem Phys Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2022.139462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
In this paper, we discuss coupled-trajectory schemes for molecular-dynamics simulations of excited-state processes. New coupled-trajectory strategies to capture decoherence effects, revival of coherence and nonadiabatic interferences in long-time dynamics are proposed, and compared to independent-trajectory schemes. The working framework is provided by the exact factorization of the electron-nuclear wave function, and it exploits ideas emanating from various surface-hopping schemes. The new coupled-trajectory algorithms are tested on a one-dimensional two-state system using different model parameters which allow one to induce different dynamics. The benchmark is provided by the numerically exact solution of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Pieroni
- CNRS, Institut de Chimie Physique UMR8000, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France.,Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Federica Agostini
- CNRS, Institut de Chimie Physique UMR8000, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
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Hanasaki K, Takatsuka K. On the molecular electronic flux: Role of nonadiabaticity and violation of conservation. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:164112. [PMID: 33940814 DOI: 10.1063/5.0049821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Analysis of electron flux within and in between molecules is crucial in the study of real-time dynamics of molecular electron wavepacket evolution such as those in attosecond laser chemistry and ultrafast chemical reaction dynamics. We here address two mutually correlated issues on the conservation law of molecular electronic flux, which serves as a key consistency condition for electron dynamics. The first one is about a close relation between "weak" nonadiabaticity and the electron dynamics in low-energy chemical reactions. We show that the electronic flux in adiabatic reactions can be consistently reproduced by taking account of nonadiabaticity. Such nonadiabaticity is usually weak in the sense that it does not have a major effect on nuclear dynamics, whereas it plays an important role in electronic dynamics. Our discussion is based on a nonadiabatic extension of the electronic wavefunction similar in idea to the complete adiabatic formalism developed by Nafie [J. Chem. Phys. 79, 4950 (1983)], which has also recently been reformulated by Patchkovskii [J. Chem. Phys. 137, 084109 (2012)]. We give straightforward proof of the theoretical assertion presented by Nafie using a time-dependent mixed quantum-classical framework and a standard perturbation expansion. Explicitly taking account of the flux conservation, we show that the nonadiabatically induced flux realizes the adiabatic time evolution of the electronic density. In other words, the divergence of the nonadiabatic flux equals the time derivative of the electronic density along an adiabatic time evolution of the target molecule. The second issue is about the accurate computationability of the flux. The calculation of flux needs an accurate representation of the (relative) quantum phase, in addition to the amplitude factor, of a total wavefunction and demands special attention for practical calculations. This paper is the first one to approach this issue directly and show how the difficulties arise explicitly. In doing so, we reveal that a number of widely accepted truncation techniques for static property calculations are potential sources of numerical flux non-conservation. We also theoretically propose alternative strategies to realize better flux conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kota Hanasaki
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan
| | - Kazuo Takatsuka
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan
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Takatsuka K. Electron Dynamics in Molecular Elementary Processes and Chemical Reactions. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20200388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Takatsuka
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan
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Yamamoto K, Takatsuka K. Binuclear Mn oxo complex as a self-contained photocatalyst in water-splitting cycle: Role of additional Mn oxides as a buffer of electrons and protons. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:024115. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5139065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Yamamoto
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Sakyou-ku, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan
| | - Kazuo Takatsuka
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Sakyou-ku, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan
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Hermann G, Pohl V, Dixit G, Tremblay JC. Probing Electronic Fluxes via Time-Resolved X-Ray Scattering. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:013002. [PMID: 31976697 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.013002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The current flux density is a vector field that can be used to describe theoretically how electrons flow in a system out of equilibrium. In this work, we unequivocally demonstrate that the signal obtained from time-resolved x-ray scattering does not only map the time evolution of the electronic charge distribution, but also encodes information about the associated electronic current flux density. We show how the electronic current flux density qualitatively maps the distribution of electronic momenta and reveals the underlying mechanism of ultrafast charge migration processes, while also providing quantitative information about the timescales of electronic coherences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunter Hermann
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
- QoD Technologies GmbH, Altensteinstraße 40, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Vincent Pohl
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
- QoD Technologies GmbH, Altensteinstraße 40, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gopal Dixit
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Jean Christophe Tremblay
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoriques, CNRS-Université de Lorraine, UMR 7019, ICPM, 1 Bd Arago, 57070 Metz, France
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Yamamoto K, Takatsuka K. Charge separation and successive reconfigurations of electronic and protonic states in a water-splitting catalytic cycle with the Mn4CaO5 cluster. On the mechanism of water splitting in PSII. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:7912-7934. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp00443j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Charge separation, reloading of electrons and protons, and O2 generation in a catalytic cycle for water splitting with Mn4CaO5 in PSII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Yamamoto
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 606-8103
- Japan
| | - Kazuo Takatsuka
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 606-8103
- Japan
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Yamamoto K, Takatsuka K. On the Elementary Chemical Mechanisms of Unidirectional Proton Transfers: A Nonadiabatic Electron-Wavepacket Dynamics Study. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:4125-4138. [PMID: 30977655 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b01178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We propose a set of chemical reaction mechanisms of unidirectional proton transfers, which may possibly work as an elementary process in chemical and biological systems. Being theoretically derived based on our series of studies on charge separation dynamics in water splitting by Mn oxides, the present mechanisms have been constructed after careful exploration over the accumulated biological studies on cytochrome c oxidase (CcO) and bacteriorhodopsin. In particular, we have focused on the biochemical findings in the literature that unidirectional transfers of approximately two protons are driven by one electron passage through the reaction center (binuclear center) in CcO, whereas no such dissipative electron transfer is believed to be demanded in the proton transport in bacteriorhodopsin. The proposed basic mechanisms of unidirectional proton transfers are further reduced to two elementary dynamical processes, namely, what we call the coupled proton and electron-wavepacket transfer (CPEWT) and the inverse CPEWT. To show that the proposed mechanisms can indeed be materialized in a molecular level, we construct model systems with possible molecules that are rather familiar in biological chemistry, for which we perform the ab initio calculations of full-dimensional nonadiabatic electron-wavepacket dynamics coupled with all nuclear motions including proton transfers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Yamamoto
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry , Kyoto University , Sakyou-ku, Kyoto 606-8103 , Japan
| | - Kazuo Takatsuka
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry , Kyoto University , Sakyou-ku, Kyoto 606-8103 , Japan
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Arasaki Y, Takatsuka K. Chemical bonding and nonadiabatic electron wavepacket dynamics in densely quasi-degenerate excited electronic state manifold of boron clusters. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:114101. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5094149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuki Arasaki
- Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, 606-8103 Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuo Takatsuka
- Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, 606-8103 Kyoto, Japan
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