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Pegg JT, Shields AE, Storr MT, Scanlon DO, de Leeuw NH. Interaction of hydrogen with actinide dioxide (011) surfaces. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:014705. [PMID: 32640818 DOI: 10.1063/5.0010200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The corrosion and oxidation of actinide metals, leading to the formation of metal-oxide surface layers with the catalytic evolution of hydrogen, impacts the management of nuclear materials. Here, the interaction of hydrogen with actinide dioxide (AnO2, An = U, Np, or Pu) (011) surfaces by Hubbard corrected density functional theory (PBEsol+U) has been studied, including spin-orbit interactions and non-collinear 3k anti-ferromagnetic behavior. The actinide dioxides crystalize in the fluorite-type structure, and although the (111) surface dominates the crystal morphology, the (011) surface energetics may lead to more significant interaction with hydrogen. The dissociative adsorption of hydrogen on the UO2 (0.44 eV), NpO2 (-0.47 eV), and PuO2 (-1.71 eV) (011) surfaces has been calculated. It is found that hydrogen dissociates on the PuO2 (011) surface; however, UO2 (011) and NpO2 (011) surfaces are relatively inert. Recombination of hydrogen ions is likely to occur on the UO2 (011) and NpO2 (011) surfaces, whereas hydroxide formation is shown to occur on the PuO2 (011) surface, which distorts the surface structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- James T Pegg
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Ashley E Shields
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, One Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Mark T Storr
- Atomic Weapons Establishment (AWE) Plc, Aldermaston, Reading, Berkshire RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - David O Scanlon
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Nora H de Leeuw
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
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Moxon S, Symington AR, Tse JS, Dawson J, Flitcroft JM, Parker SC, Cooke DJ, Harker RM, Molinari M. The energetics of carbonated PuO 2 surfaces affects nanoparticle morphology: a DFT+U study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:7728-7737. [PMID: 32191781 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp00021c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Radiolytic corrosion of actinide materials represent an issue for the long term storage and disposal of nuclear materials. Molecular species adsorbed at the surface of the actinides may impact the rate of radiolysis, and as the surfaces corrode, the soluble toxic and radioactive species leach into groundwater. It is therefore critical to characterise the surface composition of actinides. Here, we employ ab initio modelling to determine the surface composition of PuO2 with respect to adsorbed CO2. We found that CO2 interacts strongly with the surface forming carbonate species. By mapping the energetics of this interaction, we then calculate the temperature of desorption, finding that surface morphology has a strong impact on the adsorption of CO2, with the {100} being the most and the {111} the least affected by carbonation. Finally, we predict the effect of carbonation on the morphology of PuO2 nanoparticles as a function of temperature and pressure, finding that truncated octahedral is the preferred morphology. This modelling strategy helps characterise surface compensition and nanoparticle morphology, and we discuss the implication for radiolytically driven dispersal of material into the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Moxon
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK.
| | - Adam R Symington
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Joshua S Tse
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK.
| | - James Dawson
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK.
| | - Joseph M Flitcroft
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK.
| | - Stephen C Parker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - David J Cooke
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK.
| | | | - Marco Molinari
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK.
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