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Saraei N, Dabaghi M, Fusch G, Rochow N, Fusch C, Selvaganapathy PR. Scaled-up Microfluidic Lung Assist Device for Artificial Placenta Application with High Gas Exchange Capacity. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:4612-4625. [PMID: 38904210 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Premature neonates with underdeveloped lungs experience respiratory issues and need respiratory support, such as mechanical ventilation or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). The "artificial placenta" (AP) is a noninvasive approach that supports their lungs and reduces respiratory distress, using a pumpless oxygenator connected to the systemic circulation, and can address some of the morbidity issues associated with ECMO. Over the past decade, microfluidic blood oxygenators have garnered significant interest for their ability to mimic physiological conditions and incorporate innovative biomimetic designs. Achieving sufficient gas transfer at a low enough pressure drop for a pumpless operation without requiring a large volume of blood to prime such an oxygenator has been the main challenge with microfluidic lung assist devices (LAD). In this study, we improved the gas exchange capacity of our microfluidic-based artificial placenta-type LAD while reducing its priming volume by using a modified fabrication process that can accommodate large-area thin film microfluidic blood oxygenator (MBO) fabrication with a very high gas exchange surface. Additionally, we demonstrate the effectiveness of a LAD assembled by using these scaled-up MBOs. The LAD based on our artificial placenta concept effectively increases oxygen saturation levels by 30% at a flow rate of 40 mL/min and a pressure drop of 23 mmHg in room air, which is sufficient to support partial oxygenation for 1 kg preterm neonates in respiratory distress. When the gas ambient environment was changed to pure oxygen at atmospheric pressure, the LAD would be able to support premature neonates weighing up to 2 kg. Furthermore, our experiments reveal that the LAD can handle high blood flow rates of up to 150 mL/min and increase oxygen saturation levels by ∼20%, which is equal to an oxygen transfer of 7.48 mL/min in an enriched oxygen environment and among the highest for microfluidic AP type devices. Such performance makes this LAD suitable for providing essential support to 1-2 kg neonates in respiratory distress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Niels Rochow
- Nuremberg Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, University Hospital, Nuremberg 90419, Germany
| | - Christoph Fusch
- Nuremberg Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, University Hospital, Nuremberg 90419, Germany
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Rodríguez CF, Andrade-Pérez V, Vargas MC, Mantilla-Orozco A, Osma JF, Reyes LH, Cruz JC. Breaking the clean room barrier: exploring low-cost alternatives for microfluidic devices. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1176557. [PMID: 37180035 PMCID: PMC10172592 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1176557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Microfluidics is an interdisciplinary field that encompasses both science and engineering, which aims to design and fabricate devices capable of manipulating extremely low volumes of fluids on a microscale level. The central objective of microfluidics is to provide high precision and accuracy while using minimal reagents and equipment. The benefits of this approach include greater control over experimental conditions, faster analysis, and improved experimental reproducibility. Microfluidic devices, also known as labs-on-a-chip (LOCs), have emerged as potential instruments for optimizing operations and decreasing costs in various of industries, including pharmaceutical, medical, food, and cosmetics. However, the high price of conventional prototypes for LOCs devices, generated in clean room facilities, has increased the demand for inexpensive alternatives. Polymers, paper, and hydrogels are some of the materials that can be utilized to create the inexpensive microfluidic devices covered in this article. In addition, we highlighted different manufacturing techniques, such as soft lithography, laser plotting, and 3D printing, that are suitable for creating LOCs. The selection of materials and fabrication techniques will depend on the specific requirements and applications of each individual LOC. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the numerous alternatives for the development of low-cost LOCs to service industries such as pharmaceuticals, chemicals, food, and biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - María Camila Vargas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Johann F. Osma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Luis H. Reyes
- Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juan C. Cruz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
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Bölükbas DA, Tas S. Current and Future Engineering Strategies for ECMO Therapy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1413:313-326. [PMID: 37195538 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-26625-6_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a last resort therapy for patients with respiratory failure where the gas exchange capacity of the lung is compromised. Venous blood is pumped through an oxygenation unit outside of the body where oxygen diffusion into the blood takes place in parallel to carbon dioxide removal. ECMO is an expensive therapy which requires special expertise to perform. Since its inception, ECMO technologies have been evolving to improve its success and minimize the complications associated with it. These approaches aim for a more compatible circuit design capable of maximum gas exchange with minimal need for anticoagulants. This chapter summarizes the basic principles of ECMO therapy with the latest advancements and experimental strategies aiming for more efficient future designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz A Bölükbas
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Transplantation, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sinem Tas
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Transplantation, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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Wang Y, Singer R, Liu X, Inman SJ, Cao Q, Zhou Q, Noble A, Li L, Arizpe Tafoya AV, Babi M, Ask K, Kolb MR, Ramsay S, Geng F, Zhang B, Shargall Y, Moran-Mirabal JM, Dabaghi M, Hirota JA. The CaT stretcher: An open-source system for delivering uniaxial strain to cells and tissues (CaT). Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:959335. [DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.959335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Integration of mechanical cues in conventional 2D or 3D cell culture platforms is an important consideration for in vivo and ex vivo models of lung health and disease. Available commercial and published custom-made devices are frequently limited in breadth of applications, scalability, and customization. Herein we present a technical report on an open-source, cell and tissue (CaT) stretcher, with modularity for different in vitro and ex vivo systems, that includes the following features: 1) Programmability for modeling different breathing patterns, 2) scalability to support low to high-throughput experimentation, and 3) modularity for submerged cell culture, organ-on-chips, hydrogels, and live tissues. The strategy for connecting the experimental cell or tissue samples to the stretching device were designed to ensure that traditional biomedical outcome measurements including, but not limited to microscopy, soluble mediator measurement, and gene and protein expression remained possible. Lastly, to increase the uptake of the device within the community, the system was built with economically feasible and available components. To accommodate diverse in vitro and ex vivo model systems we developed a variety of chips made of compliant polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and optimized coating strategies to increase cell adherence and viability during stretch. The CaT stretcher was validated for studying mechanotransduction pathways in lung cells and tissues, with an increase in alpha smooth muscle actin protein following stretch for 24 h observed in independent submerged monolayer, 3D hydrogel, and live lung tissue experiments. We anticipate that the open-source CaT stretcher design will increase accessibility to studies of the dynamic lung microenvironment through direct implementation by other research groups or custom iterations on our designs.
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Membranes for extracorporeal membrane oxygenator (ECMO): history, preparation, modification and mass transfer. Chin J Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2022.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Pan Y, Yang Z, Li C, Hassan SU, Shum HC. Plant-inspired TransfOrigami microfluidics. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo1719. [PMID: 35507654 PMCID: PMC9067916 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo1719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The healthy functioning of the plants' vasculature depends on their ability to respond to environmental changes. In contrast, synthetic microfluidic systems have rarely demonstrated this environmental responsiveness. Plants respond to environmental stimuli through nastic movement, which inspires us to introduce transformable microfluidics: By embedding stimuli-responsive materials, the microfluidic device can respond to temperature, humidity, and light irradiance. Furthermore, by designing a foldable geometry, these responsive movements can follow the preset origami transformation. We term this device TransfOrigami microfluidics (TOM) to highlight the close connection between its transformation and the origami structure. TOM can be used as an environmentally adaptive photomicroreactor. It senses the environmental stimuli and feeds them back positively into photosynthetic conversion through morphological transformation. The principle behind this morphable microsystem can potentially be extended to applications that require responsiveness between the environment and the devices, such as dynamic artificial vascular networks and shape-adaptive flexible electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Pan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhenyu Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chang Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sammer Ul Hassan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ho Cheung Shum
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Centre, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Corresponding author.
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Lachaux J, Hwang G, Arouche N, Naserian S, Harouri A, Lotito V, Casari C, Lok T, Menager JB, Issard J, Guihaire J, Denis CV, Lenting PJ, Barakat AI, Uzan G, Mercier O, Haghiri-Gosnet AM. A compact integrated microfluidic oxygenator with high gas exchange efficiency and compatibility for long-lasting endothelialization. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:4791-4804. [PMID: 34309615 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00356a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We have developed and tested a novel microfluidic device for blood oxygenation, which exhibits a large surface area of gas exchange and can support long-term sustainable endothelialization of blood microcapillaries, enhancing its hemocompatibility for clinical applications. The architecture of the parallel stacking of the trilayers is based on a central injection for blood and a lateral injection/output for gas which allows significant reduction in shear stress, promoting sustainable endothelialization since cells can be maintained viable for up to 2 weeks after initial seeding in the blood microchannel network. The circular design of curved blood capillaries allows covering a maximal surface area at 4 inch wafer scale, producing high oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide release in each single unit. Since the conventional bonding process based on oxygen plasma cannot be used for surface areas larger than several cm2, a new "wet bonding" process based on soft microprinting has been developed and patented. Using this new protocol, each 4 inch trilayer unit can be sealed without a collapsed membrane even at reduced 15 μm thickness and can support a high blood flow rate. The height of the blood channels has been optimized to reduce pressure drop and enhance gas exchange at a high volumetric blood flow rate up to 15 ml min-1. The simplicity of connecting different units in the stacked architecture is demonstrated for 3- or 5-unit stacked devices that exhibit remarkable performance with low primary volume, high oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide release and high flow rate of up to 80 ml min-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Lachaux
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre de Nanosciences et Nanotechnologies C2N, UMR9001, Palaiseau 91120, France.
| | - Gilgueng Hwang
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre de Nanosciences et Nanotechnologies C2N, UMR9001, Palaiseau 91120, France.
| | - Nassim Arouche
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, UMR-S-MD 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France
| | - Sina Naserian
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, UMR-S-MD 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France
| | - Abdelmounaim Harouri
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre de Nanosciences et Nanotechnologies C2N, UMR9001, Palaiseau 91120, France.
| | - Valeria Lotito
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre de Nanosciences et Nanotechnologies C2N, UMR9001, Palaiseau 91120, France.
| | - Caterina Casari
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, UMR S1176, Le Kremin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Thevy Lok
- LadHyX, CNRS, Ecole polytechnique, Institut polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau 91120, France
| | - Jean Baptiste Menager
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM UMR_S 999 "Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies", Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Justin Issard
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM UMR_S 999 "Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies", Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Julien Guihaire
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM UMR_S 999 "Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies", Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Cécile V Denis
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, UMR S1176, Le Kremin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Peter J Lenting
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, UMR S1176, Le Kremin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Abdul I Barakat
- LadHyX, CNRS, Ecole polytechnique, Institut polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau 91120, France
| | - Georges Uzan
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, UMR-S-MD 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France
| | - Olaf Mercier
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM UMR_S 999 "Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies", Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Anne-Marie Haghiri-Gosnet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre de Nanosciences et Nanotechnologies C2N, UMR9001, Palaiseau 91120, France.
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Santos J, Vedula EM, Lai W, Isenberg BC, Lewis DJ, Lang D, Sutherland D, Roberts TR, Harea GT, Wells C, Teece B, Karandikar P, Urban J, Risoleo T, Gimbel A, Solt D, Leazer S, Chung KK, Sukavaneshvar S, Batchinsky AI, Borenstein JT. Toward Development of a Higher Flow Rate Hemocompatible Biomimetic Microfluidic Blood Oxygenator. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:888. [PMID: 34442512 PMCID: PMC8398684 DOI: 10.3390/mi12080888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The recent emergence of microfluidic extracorporeal lung support technologies presents an opportunity to achieve high gas transfer efficiency and improved hemocompatibility relative to the current standard of care in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). However, a critical challenge in the field is the ability to scale these devices to clinically relevant blood flow rates, in part because the typically very low blood flow in a single layer of a microfluidic oxygenator device requires stacking of a logistically challenging number of layers. We have developed biomimetic microfluidic oxygenators for the past decade and report here on the development of a high-flow (30 mL/min) single-layer prototype, scalable to larger structures via stacking and assembly with blood distribution manifolds. Microfluidic oxygenators were designed with biomimetic in-layer blood distribution manifolds and arrays of parallel transfer channels, and were fabricated using high precision machined durable metal master molds and microreplication with silicone films, resulting in large area gas transfer devices. Oxygen transfer was evaluated by flowing 100% O2 at 100 mL/min and blood at 0-30 mL/min while monitoring increases in O2 partial pressures in the blood. This design resulted in an oxygen saturation increase from 65% to 95% at 20 mL/min and operation up to 30 mL/min in multiple devices, the highest value yet recorded in a single layer microfluidic device. In addition to evaluation of the device for blood oxygenation, a 6-h in vitro hemocompatibility test was conducted on devices (n = 5) at a 25 mL/min blood flow rate with heparinized swine donor blood against control circuits (n = 3). Initial hemocompatibility results indicate that this technology has the potential to benefit future applications in extracorporeal lung support technologies for acute lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Santos
- Draper, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; (J.S.); (W.L.); (B.C.I.); (D.J.L.); (D.L.); (D.S.); (C.W.); (B.T.); (P.K.); (J.U.); (T.R.); (A.G.)
| | - Else M. Vedula
- Draper, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; (J.S.); (W.L.); (B.C.I.); (D.J.L.); (D.L.); (D.S.); (C.W.); (B.T.); (P.K.); (J.U.); (T.R.); (A.G.)
| | - Weixuan Lai
- Draper, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; (J.S.); (W.L.); (B.C.I.); (D.J.L.); (D.L.); (D.S.); (C.W.); (B.T.); (P.K.); (J.U.); (T.R.); (A.G.)
| | - Brett C. Isenberg
- Draper, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; (J.S.); (W.L.); (B.C.I.); (D.J.L.); (D.L.); (D.S.); (C.W.); (B.T.); (P.K.); (J.U.); (T.R.); (A.G.)
| | - Diana J. Lewis
- Draper, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; (J.S.); (W.L.); (B.C.I.); (D.J.L.); (D.L.); (D.S.); (C.W.); (B.T.); (P.K.); (J.U.); (T.R.); (A.G.)
| | - Dan Lang
- Draper, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; (J.S.); (W.L.); (B.C.I.); (D.J.L.); (D.L.); (D.S.); (C.W.); (B.T.); (P.K.); (J.U.); (T.R.); (A.G.)
| | - David Sutherland
- Draper, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; (J.S.); (W.L.); (B.C.I.); (D.J.L.); (D.L.); (D.S.); (C.W.); (B.T.); (P.K.); (J.U.); (T.R.); (A.G.)
| | - Teryn R. Roberts
- Autonomous Reanimation and Evacuation (AREVA) Research Program, The Geneva Foundation, Brooks City Base, San Antonio, TX 78006, USA; (T.R.R.); (G.T.H.); (A.I.B.)
| | - George T. Harea
- Autonomous Reanimation and Evacuation (AREVA) Research Program, The Geneva Foundation, Brooks City Base, San Antonio, TX 78006, USA; (T.R.R.); (G.T.H.); (A.I.B.)
| | - Christian Wells
- Draper, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; (J.S.); (W.L.); (B.C.I.); (D.J.L.); (D.L.); (D.S.); (C.W.); (B.T.); (P.K.); (J.U.); (T.R.); (A.G.)
| | - Bryan Teece
- Draper, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; (J.S.); (W.L.); (B.C.I.); (D.J.L.); (D.L.); (D.S.); (C.W.); (B.T.); (P.K.); (J.U.); (T.R.); (A.G.)
| | - Paramesh Karandikar
- Draper, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; (J.S.); (W.L.); (B.C.I.); (D.J.L.); (D.L.); (D.S.); (C.W.); (B.T.); (P.K.); (J.U.); (T.R.); (A.G.)
| | - Joseph Urban
- Draper, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; (J.S.); (W.L.); (B.C.I.); (D.J.L.); (D.L.); (D.S.); (C.W.); (B.T.); (P.K.); (J.U.); (T.R.); (A.G.)
| | - Thomas Risoleo
- Draper, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; (J.S.); (W.L.); (B.C.I.); (D.J.L.); (D.L.); (D.S.); (C.W.); (B.T.); (P.K.); (J.U.); (T.R.); (A.G.)
| | - Alla Gimbel
- Draper, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; (J.S.); (W.L.); (B.C.I.); (D.J.L.); (D.L.); (D.S.); (C.W.); (B.T.); (P.K.); (J.U.); (T.R.); (A.G.)
| | - Derek Solt
- Thrombodyne, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT 84103, USA; (D.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Sahar Leazer
- Department of Medicine, F. Edward Hebert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (S.L.); (K.K.C.)
| | - Kevin K. Chung
- Department of Medicine, F. Edward Hebert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (S.L.); (K.K.C.)
| | | | - Andriy I. Batchinsky
- Autonomous Reanimation and Evacuation (AREVA) Research Program, The Geneva Foundation, Brooks City Base, San Antonio, TX 78006, USA; (T.R.R.); (G.T.H.); (A.I.B.)
| | - Jeffrey T. Borenstein
- Draper, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; (J.S.); (W.L.); (B.C.I.); (D.J.L.); (D.L.); (D.S.); (C.W.); (B.T.); (P.K.); (J.U.); (T.R.); (A.G.)
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Mahhengam N, Fahem Ghetran Khazaali A, Aravindhan S, Olegovna Zekiy A, Melnikova L, Siahmansouri H. Applications of Microfluidic Devices in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer: A Review Study. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2021; 52:1863-1877. [PMID: 34024197 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2021.1922870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Many cancer-related deaths are reported annually due to a lack of appropriate diagnosis and treatment strategies. Microfluidic technology, as new creativity has a great impact on automation and miniaturization via handling a small volume of materials and samples (in microliter to femtoliter range) to set up the system. Microfluidic devices not only detect various cancer-diagnostic factors from biological fluids but also can produce proper nanoparticles for drug delivery. With the contribution of microfluidics; multiple treatments for cancer such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and gene delivery can be implemented and studied. Hence, Microfluidics can be worth for the cancer field because of its high Throughput, high sensitivity, less material use, and low expense. In this review study, we intend to look at positive microfluidics prospects, features, benefits, and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negah Mahhengam
- Faculty of General Medicine, Belarusian State Medical University, Minsk, Belarus
| | | | - Surendar Aravindhan
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India
| | - Angelina Olegovna Zekiy
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Lyubov Melnikova
- Business Analysis Department, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Homayoon Siahmansouri
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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He T, He J, Wang Z, Cui Z. Modification strategies to improve the membrane hemocompatibility in extracorporeal membrane oxygenator (ECMO). ADVANCED COMPOSITES AND HYBRID MATERIALS 2021; 4:847-864. [PMID: 33969267 PMCID: PMC8091652 DOI: 10.1007/s42114-021-00244-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Since extracorporeal membrane oxygenator (ECMO) has been utilized to save countless lives by providing continuous extracorporeal breathing and circulation to patients with severe cardiopulmonary failure. In particular, it has played an important role during the COVID-19 epidemic. One of the important composites of ECMO is membrane oxygenator, and the core composite of the membrane oxygenator is hollow fiber membrane, which is not only a place for blood oxygenation, but also is a barrier between the blood and gas side. However, the formation of blood clots in the oxygenator is a key problem in the using process. According to the study of the mechanism of thrombosis generation, it was found that improving the hemocompatibility is an efficient approach to reduce thrombus formation by modifying the surface of materials. In this review, the corresponding modification methods (surface property regulation, anticoagulant grafting, and bio-interface design) of hollow fiber membranes in ECMO are classified and discussed, and then, the research status and development prospects are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting He
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 210009 Nanjing, China
| | - Jinhui He
- National Engineering Research Center for Special Separation Membrane, Nanjing Tech University, 210009 Nanjing, China
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, 210009 Nanjing, China
| | - Zhaoliang Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 210009 Nanjing, China
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11
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Gimbel AA, Hsiao JC, Kim ES, Lewis DJ, Risoleo TF, Urban JN, Borenstein JT. A high gas transfer efficiency microfluidic oxygenator for extracorporeal respiratory assist applications in critical care medicine. Artif Organs 2021; 45:E247-E264. [PMID: 33561881 DOI: 10.1111/aor.13935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Advances in microfluidics technologies have spurred the development of a new generation of microfluidic respiratory assist devices, constructed using microfabrication techniques capable of producing microchannel dimensions similar to those found in human capillaries and gas transfer films in the same thickness range as the alveolar membrane. These devices have been tested in laboratory settings and in some cases in extracorporeal animal experiments, yet none have been advanced to human clinical studies. A major challenge in the development of microfluidic oxygenators is the difficulty in scaling the technology toward high blood flows necessary to support adult humans; such scaling efforts are often limited by the complexity of the fabrication process and the manner in which blood is distributed in a three-dimensional network of microchannels. Conceptually, a central advantage of microfluidic oxygenators over existing hollow-fiber membrane-based configurations is the potential for shallower channels and thinner gas transfer membranes, features that reduce oxygen diffusion distances, to result in a higher gas transfer efficiency defined as the ratio of the volume of oxygen transferred to the blood per unit time to the active surface area of the gas transfer membrane. If this ratio is not significantly higher than values reported for hollow fiber membrane oxygenators (HFMO), then the expected advantage of the microfluidic approach would not be realized in practice, potentially due to challenges encountered in blood distribution strategies when scaling microfluidic designs to higher flow rates. Here, we report on scaling of a microfluidic oxygenator design from 4 to 92 mL/min blood flow, within an order of magnitude of the flow rate required for neonatal applications. This scaled device is shown to have a gas transfer efficiency higher than any other reported system in the literature, including other microfluidic prototypes and commercial HFMO cartridges. While the high oxygen transfer efficiency is a promising advance toward clinical scaling of a microfluidic architecture, it is accompanied by an excessive blood pressure drop in the circuit, arising from a combination of shallow gas transfer channels and equally shallow distribution manifolds. Therefore, next-generation microfluidic oxygenators will require novel design and fabrication strategies to minimize pressure drops while maintaining very high oxygen transfer efficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ernest S Kim
- Bioengineering Division, Draper, Cambridge, MA, USA
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12
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Dabaghi M, Rochow N, Saraei N, Fusch G, Monkman S, Da K, Shahin‐Shamsabadi A, Brash JL, Predescu D, Delaney K, Fusch C, Selvaganapathy PR. A Pumpless Microfluidic Neonatal Lung Assist Device for Support of Preterm Neonates in Respiratory Distress. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2001860. [PMID: 33173732 PMCID: PMC7610273 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202001860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Premature neonates suffer from respiratory morbidity as their lungs are immature, and current supportive treatment such as mechanical ventilation or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation causes iatrogenic injuries. A non-invasive and biomimetic concept known as the "artificial placenta" (AP) would be beneficial to overcome complications associated with the current respiratory support of preterm infants. Here, a pumpless oxygenator connected to the systemic circulation supports the lung function to relieve respiratory distress. In this paper, the first successful operation of a microfluidic, artificial placenta type neonatal lung assist device (LAD) on a newborn piglet model, which is the closest representation of preterm human infants, is demonstrated. This LAD has high oxygenation capability in both pure oxygen and room air as the sweep gas. The respiratory distress that the newborn piglet is put under during experimentation, repeatedly and over a significant duration of time, is able to be relieved. These findings indicate that this LAD has a potential application as a biomimetic artificial placenta to support the respiratory needs of preterm neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Niels Rochow
- Department of PediatricsMcMaster UniversityHamiltonONCanada
- Paracelsus Medical UniversityDepartment of PediatricsUniversity Hospital NurembergNurembergGermany
| | - Neda Saraei
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringMcMaster UniversityHamiltonONCanada
| | - Gerhard Fusch
- Department of PediatricsMcMaster UniversityHamiltonONCanada
| | | | - Kevin Da
- Department of Chemical EngineeringMcMaster UniversityHamiltonONCanada
| | | | - John L. Brash
- School of Biomedical EngineeringMcMaster UniversityHamiltonONCanada
- Department of Chemical EngineeringMcMaster UniversityHamiltonONCanada
| | | | - Kathleen Delaney
- Central Animal Facility DepartmentMcMaster UniversityHamiltonONCanada
| | - Christoph Fusch
- School of Biomedical EngineeringMcMaster UniversityHamiltonONCanada
- Department of PediatricsMcMaster UniversityHamiltonONCanada
- Paracelsus Medical UniversityDepartment of PediatricsUniversity Hospital NurembergNurembergGermany
| | - P. Ravi Selvaganapathy
- School of Biomedical EngineeringMcMaster UniversityHamiltonONCanada
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringMcMaster UniversityHamiltonONCanada
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Kim S, Ye SH, Adamo A, Orizondo RA, Jo J, Cho SK, Wagner WR. A biostable, anti-fouling zwitterionic polyurethane-urea based on PDMS for use in blood-contacting medical devices. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:8305-8314. [PMID: 32785384 PMCID: PMC7530005 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01220c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is commonly used in medical devices because it is non-toxic and stable against oxidative stress. Relatively high blood platelet adhesion and the need for chemical crosslinking through curing, however, limit its utility. In this research, a biostable PDMS-based polyurethane-urea bearing zwitterion sulfobetaine (PDMS-SB-UU) was synthesized for potential use in the fabrication or coating of blood-contacting devices, such as a conduits, artificial lungs, and microfluidic devices. The chemical structure and physical properties of synthesized PDMS-SB-UU were confirmed by 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and uniaxial stress-strain curve. In vitro stability of PDMS-SB-UU was confirmed against lipase and 30% H2O2 for 8 weeks, and PDMS-SB-UU demonstrated significantly higher resistance to fibrinogen adsorption and platelet deposition compared to control PDMS. Moreover, PDMS-SB-UU showed a lack of hemolysis and cytotoxicity with whole ovine blood and rat vascular smooth muscle cells (rSMCs), respectively. The PDMS-SB-UU was successfully processed into small-diameter (0.80 ± 0.05 mm) conduits by electrospinning and coated onto PDMS- and polypropylene-based blood-contacting biomaterials due to its unique physicochemical characteristics from its soft- and hard- segments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungil Kim
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. and Departments of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sang-Ho Ye
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. and Departments of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Arianna Adamo
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. and Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy
| | - Ryan A Orizondo
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. and Departments of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA and Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jaehyuk Jo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sung Kwon Cho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - William R Wagner
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. and Departments of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA and Departments of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA and Departments of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Song K, Li G, Zu X, Du Z, Liu L, Hu Z. The Fabrication and Application Mechanism of Microfluidic Systems for High Throughput Biomedical Screening: A Review. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:E297. [PMID: 32168977 PMCID: PMC7143183 DOI: 10.3390/mi11030297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic systems have been widely explored based on microfluidic technology, and it has been widely used for biomedical screening. The key parts are the fabrication of the base scaffold, the construction of the matrix environment in the 3D system, and the application mechanism. In recent years, a variety of new materials have emerged, meanwhile, some new technologies have been developed. In this review, we highlight the properties of high throughput and the biomedical application of the microfluidic chip and focus on the recent progress of the fabrication and application mechanism. The emergence of various biocompatible materials has provided more available raw materials for microfluidic chips. The material is not confined to polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and the extracellular microenvironment is not limited by a natural matrix. The mechanism is also developed in diverse ways, including its special physical structure and external field effects, such as dielectrophoresis, magnetophoresis, and acoustophoresis. Furthermore, the cell/organ-based microfluidic system provides a new platform for drug screening due to imitating the anatomic and physiologic properties in vivo. Although microfluidic technology is currently mostly in the laboratory stage, it has great potential for commercial applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kena Song
- College of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, He’nan 471023, China; (K.S.); (X.Z.); (Z.D.)
| | - Guoqiang Li
- College of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China; (G.L.); (L.L.)
| | - Xiangyang Zu
- College of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, He’nan 471023, China; (K.S.); (X.Z.); (Z.D.)
| | - Zhe Du
- College of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, He’nan 471023, China; (K.S.); (X.Z.); (Z.D.)
| | - Liyu Liu
- College of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China; (G.L.); (L.L.)
| | - Zhigang Hu
- College of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, He’nan 471023, China; (K.S.); (X.Z.); (Z.D.)
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15
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Samadian H, Ehterami A, Sarrafzadeh A, Khastar H, Nikbakht M, Rezaei A, Chegini L, Salehi M. Sophisticated polycaprolactone/gelatin nanofibrous nerve guided conduit containing platelet-rich plasma and citicoline for peripheral nerve regeneration: In vitro and in vivo study. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 150:380-388. [PMID: 32057876 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) is a devastating condition that may result in loss of sensory function, motor function, or both. In the present study, we construct an electrospun nerve guide conduit (NGC) based on polycaprolactone (PCL) and gelatin filled with citicoline bearing platelet-rich plasma (PRP) gel as a treatment for PNI. The NGCs fabricated from PCL/Gel polymeric blend using the electrospinning technique. The characterizations demonstrated that the fabricated nanofibers were straight with the diameter of 708 ± 476 nm, the water contact angle of 78.30 ± 2.52°, the weight loss of 41.60 ± 6.94% during 60 days, the tensile strength of 5.31 ± 0.97 MPa, and the young's modulus of 3.47 ± 0.10 GPa. The in vitro studies revealed that the PCL/Gel/PRP/Citi NGC was biocompatible and hemocompatible. The in vivo studies conducted on sciatic nerve injury in rats showed that the implantation of PCL/Gel/PRP/Citi NGC induced regeneration of nerve tissue, demonstrated with histopathological assessments. Moreover, the sciatic function index (SFI) value of -30.3 ± 3.5 and hot plate latency time of 6.10 ± 1.10 s revealed that the PCL/Gel/PRP/Citi NGCs recovered motor and sensory functions. Our findings implied that the fabricated NGC exhibited promising physicochemical and biological activates favorable for PNI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Samadian
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Arian Ehterami
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Arash Sarrafzadeh
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Khastar
- School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Nikbakht
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technology in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Aram Rezaei
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Leila Chegini
- International Medicine Department, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Salehi
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran; Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.
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Dabaghi M, Saraei N, Fusch G, Rochow N, Brash JL, Fusch C, Selvaganapathy PR. Microfluidic blood oxygenators with integrated hollow chambers for enhanced air exchange from all four sides. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.117741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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