1
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McLeod LK, Spikes GH, Zalitis CM, Rigg KM, Walker M, Playford HY, Sharman JDB, Walton RI. Nanostructured Niobium and Titanium Carbonitrides as Electrocatalyst Supports. ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2024; 7:10120-10129. [PMID: 38752019 PMCID: PMC11091850 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.4c00503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Nanostructured niobium-titanium carbonitrides, (Nb,Ti)C1-xNx, with the cubic-rock salt structure are prepared without the use of reactive gases via thermal treatment (700-1200 °C) under nitrogen of mixtures of guanidine carbonate and ammonium niobate (V) oxalate hydrate, with addition of ammonium titanyl oxalate monohydrate as a titanium source. The bulk structure and chemical composition of the materials are characterized using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and powder neutron diffraction, elemental homogeneity is studied using energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) mapping using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and surface chemical analysis is examined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Nanoscale crystallites of between 10 and 50 nm are observed by TEM, where EDS reveals the homogeneity of metal distribution for the mixed-metal materials. Titanium carbonitrides are found to be air sensitive, reacting with air under ambient conditions, while titanium-niobium carbonitrides are found to degrade in aqueous sulfuric acid. The niobium carbonitrides, however, show some stability toward acidic solutions. Materials are produced with composition NbC1-xNx with x between 0.35 and 0.45, and more carbon-rich materials (x ≈ 0.35) are found as the synthesis temperature is increased, as proven by Rietveld refinement of crystal structure against powder neutron diffraction data. Despite phase purity seen by diffraction and negligible bulk carbon content, XPS shows a complex surface chemistry for the NbC1-xNx materials, with evidence for Nb2O5-like oxide species in a carbon-rich environment. The NbC1-xNx prepared at 900 °C has a surface area around 50 m2 g-1, making it suitable as a catalyst support. Loading with iridium provides a material active for the oxygen evolution reaction in 0.1 M sulfuric acid, with minimal leaching of either Nb or Ir after 1000 cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy K. McLeod
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
- Johnson
Matthey Technology Centre, Blounts Court, Sonning Common, Reading RG4 9NH, U.K.
| | - Geoffrey H. Spikes
- Johnson
Matthey Technology Centre, Blounts Court, Sonning Common, Reading RG4 9NH, U.K.
| | | | - Katie M. Rigg
- Johnson
Matthey Technology Centre, Blounts Court, Sonning Common, Reading RG4 9NH, U.K.
| | - Marc Walker
- Department
of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Helen Y. Playford
- ISIS
Neutron and Muon Source, Rutherford Appleton
Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, U.K.
| | | | - Richard I. Walton
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
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2
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Clulow R, Pramanik P, Stolpe A, Joshi DC, Mathieu R, Henry PF, Sahlberg M. Phase Stability and Magnetic Properties of Compositionally Complex n = 2 Ruddlesden-Popper Perovskites. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:6616-6625. [PMID: 38569100 PMCID: PMC11022176 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c04277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Four new compositionally complex perovskites with multiple (four or more) cations on the B site of the perovskites have been studied. The materials have the general formula La0.5Sr2.5(M)2O7-δ (M = Ti, Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni) and have been synthesized via conventional solid-state synthesis. The compounds are the first reported examples of compositionally complex n = 2 Ruddlesden-Popper perovskites. The structure and properties of the materials have been determined using powder X-ray diffraction, neutron diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and magnetometry. The materials are isostructural and adopt the archetypal I4/mmm space group with the following unit cell parameters: a ∼ 3.84 Å, and c ∼ 20.1 Å. The measured compositions from energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were La0.51(2)Sr2.57(7)Ti0.41(2)Mn0.41(2)Fe0.39(2)Co0.38(1)Ni0.34(1)O7-δ, La0.59(4)Sr2.29(23)Mn0.58(5)Fe0.56(6)Co0.55(6)Ni0.42(4)O7-δ, La0.54(2)Sr2.49(13)Mn0.41(2)Fe0.81(5)Co0.39(3)Ni0.36(3)O7-δ, and La0.53(4)Sr2.55(19)Mn0.67(6)Fe0.64(5)Co0.31(2)Ni0.30(3)O7-δ. No magnetic contribution is observed in the neutron diffraction data, and magnetometry indicates a spin glass transition at low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Clulow
- Department
of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Prativa Pramanik
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala
University, Box 35, 751
03 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Amanda Stolpe
- Department
of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
- FSCN
Research Centre, Surface and Colloid Engineering, Mid Sweden University, 851 70 Sundsvall, Sweden
| | - Deep C. Joshi
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala
University, Box 35, 751
03 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Roland Mathieu
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala
University, Box 35, 751
03 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Paul F. Henry
- Department
of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
- ISIS
Pulsed Neutron & Muon Facility, Rutherford
Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Sahlberg
- Department
of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
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3
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Mustonen OHJ, Fogh E, Paddison JAM, Mangin-Thro L, Hansen T, Playford HY, Diaz-Lopez M, Babkevich P, Vasala S, Karppinen M, Cussen EJ, Ro̷nnow HM, Walker HC. Structure, Spin Correlations, and Magnetism of the S = 1/2 Square-Lattice Antiferromagnet Sr 2CuTe 1-xW xO 6 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1). CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2024; 36:501-513. [PMID: 38222936 PMCID: PMC10782448 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.3c02535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Quantum spin liquids are highly entangled magnetic states with exotic properties. The S = 1/2 square-lattice Heisenberg model is one of the foundational models in frustrated magnetism with a predicted, but never observed, quantum spin liquid state. Isostructural double perovskites Sr2CuTeO6 and Sr2CuWO6 are physical realizations of this model but have distinctly different types of magnetic order and interactions due to a d10/d0 effect. Long-range magnetic order is suppressed in the solid solution Sr2CuTe1-xWxO6 in a wide region of x = 0.05-0.6, where the ground state has been proposed to be a disorder-induced spin liquid. Here, we present a comprehensive neutron scattering study of this system. We show using polarized neutron scattering that the spin liquid-like x = 0.2 and x = 0.5 samples have distinctly different local spin correlations, which suggests that they have different ground states. Low-temperature neutron diffraction measurements of the magnetically ordered W-rich samples reveal magnetic phase separation, which suggests that the previously ignored interlayer coupling between the square planes plays a role in the suppression of magnetic order at x ≈ 0.6. These results highlight the complex magnetism of Sr2CuTe1-xWxO6 and hint at a new quantum critical point between 0.2 < x < 0.4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otto H. J. Mustonen
- School
of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
- Department
of Material Science and Engineering, University
of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, United
Kingdom
| | - Ellen Fogh
- Laboratory
for Quantum Magnetism, Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Joseph A. M. Paddison
- Materials
Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge
National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Lucile Mangin-Thro
- Institut
Laue Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 20156, Grenoble
Cedex 9 F-38042, France
| | - Thomas Hansen
- Institut
Laue Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 20156, Grenoble
Cedex 9 F-38042, France
| | - Helen Y. Playford
- ISIS Neutron
and Muon Source, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot OX11 OQX, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Diaz-Lopez
- CNRS,
Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Peter Babkevich
- Laboratory
for Quantum Magnetism, Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Sami Vasala
- ESRF
- The European Synchrotron, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Maarit Karppinen
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto
University, Espoo FI-00076, Finland
| | - Edmund J. Cussen
- Department
of Material Science and Engineering, University
of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, United
Kingdom
| | - Henrik M. Ro̷nnow
- Laboratory
for Quantum Magnetism, Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Helen C. Walker
- ISIS Neutron
and Muon Source, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot OX11 OQX, United Kingdom
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4
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Bull CL, Funnell NP, Ridley CJ. A structural study of PrCrO 3 under extreme conditions: a comparison with the effects of doping. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2023; 381:20220332. [PMID: 37634533 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2022.0332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear and magnetic structure of [Formula: see text] has been investigated using neutron and X-ray powder diffraction as a function of pressure and temperature. The orthorhombic symmetry (space group [Formula: see text]) remains stable up to the highest temperature (1500 K) and pressure (approx. [Formula: see text]) considered. There is a crossover in the magnitude of the a- and b-lattice parameters at approximately 1135 K, caused by competing effects of octahedral tilting and distortion. The material is antiferromagnetic ([Formula: see text] K) with [Formula: see text] symmetry, with a maximum moment of [Formula: see text] on the [Formula: see text] sites aligned along the direction of the [Formula: see text]-axis. The application of pressure shows an abnormal softening in the unit-cell volume, which is suggestive of a continuous approach to a second-order phase transition. Raman spectroscopy measurements at ambient temperature were collected as a function of pressure up to approximately [Formula: see text] GPa, with discontinuous mode behaviour further suggesting the existence of a transition above 7 GPa. The measured structural changes in [Formula: see text] are compared extensively in the wider context of other lanthanide orthochromites, and the comparative effects of A- and B-site substitution on the polyhedral tilts and distortion are discussed. This article is part of the theme issue 'Exploring the length scales, timescales and chemistry of challenging materials (Part 1)'.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Bull
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Facility, STFC, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, UK
| | - N P Funnell
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Facility, STFC, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK
| | - C J Ridley
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Facility, STFC, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK
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5
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Irvine GJ, Smith RI, Jones MO, Irvine JTS. Order-disorder and ionic conductivity in calcium nitride-hydride. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4389. [PMID: 37474517 PMCID: PMC10359262 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40025-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently nitrogen-hydrogen compounds have successfully been applied as co-catalysts for mild conditions ammonia synthesis. Ca2NH was shown to act as a H2 sink during reaction, with H atoms from its lattice being incorporated into the NH3(g) product. Thus the ionic transport and diffusion properties of the N-H co-catalyst are fundamentally important to understanding and developing such syntheses. Here we show hydride ion conduction in these materials. Two distinct calcium nitride-hydride Ca2NH phases, prepared via different synthetic paths are found to show dramatically different properties. One phase (β) shows fast hydride ionic conduction properties (0.08 S/cm at 600 °C), on a par with the best binary ionic hydrides and 10 times higher than CaH2, whilst the other (α) is 100 times less conductive. An in situ combined analysis techniques reveals that the effective β-phase conducts ions via a vacancy-mediated phenomenon in which the charge carrier concentration is dependent on the ion concentration in the secondary site and by extension the vacancy concentration in the main site.
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Affiliation(s)
- G J Irvine
- Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Scotland, KY16 9ST, UK.
| | - Ronald I Smith
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Oxford, England, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - M O Jones
- Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Scotland, KY16 9ST, UK
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Oxford, England, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - J T S Irvine
- Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Scotland, KY16 9ST, UK.
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Oxford, England, OX11 0QX, UK.
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6
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Sasaki S, Giri S, Cassidy SJ, Dey S, Batuk M, Vandemeulebroucke D, Cibin G, Smith RI, Holdship P, Grey CP, Hadermann J, Clarke SJ. Anion redox as a means to derive layered manganese oxychalcogenides with exotic intergrowth structures. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2917. [PMID: 37217479 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38489-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Topochemistry enables step-by-step conversions of solid-state materials often leading to metastable structures that retain initial structural motifs. Recent advances in this field revealed many examples where relatively bulky anionic constituents were actively involved in redox reactions during (de)intercalation processes. Such reactions are often accompanied by anion-anion bond formation, which heralds possibilities to design novel structure types disparate from known precursors, in a controlled manner. Here we present the multistep conversion of layered oxychalcogenides Sr2MnO2Cu1.5Ch2 (Ch = S, Se) into Cu-deintercalated phases where antifluorite type [Cu1.5Ch2]2.5- slabs collapsed into two-dimensional arrays of chalcogen dimers. The collapse of the chalcogenide layers on deintercalation led to various stacking types of Sr2MnO2Ch2 slabs, which formed polychalcogenide structures unattainable by conventional high-temperature syntheses. Anion-redox topochemistry is demonstrated to be of interest not only for electrochemical applications but also as a means to design complex layered architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Sasaki
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
- Nantes Université, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux de Nantes Jean Rouxel, IMN, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Souvik Giri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
| | - Simon J Cassidy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
| | - Sunita Dey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Maria Batuk
- Electron Microscopy for Materials Science (EMAT), University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Daphne Vandemeulebroucke
- Electron Microscopy for Materials Science (EMAT), University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Giannantonio Cibin
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Ronald I Smith
- The ISIS Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Philip Holdship
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3AN, UK
| | - Clare P Grey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Joke Hadermann
- Electron Microscopy for Materials Science (EMAT), University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Simon J Clarke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK.
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7
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Yatoo MA, Seymour ID, Skinner SJ. Neutron diffraction and DFT studies of oxygen defect and transport in higher-order Ruddlesden-Popper phase materials. RSC Adv 2023; 13:13786-13797. [PMID: 37152577 PMCID: PMC10160924 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra01772a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of higher-order Ruddlesden-Popper phase materials - La3PrNi3O10-δ , La2Pr2Ni3O10-δ and LaPr3Ni3O10-δ - were synthesised and investigated by neutron powder diffraction to understand the oxygen defect structure and propose possible pathways for oxygen transport in these materials. Further complimentary DFT calculations of the materials were performed to support the experimental analysis. All of the phases were hypostoichiometric and it was observed that the majority of the oxygen vacancies were confined to the perovskite layers, with a preference for equatorial oxygen sites. A particular preference for vacancies in O(1) and O(5) sites at high temperatures was observed from neutron diffraction measurements which were further complimented by DFT calculations wherein the vacancy formation energy was found to be lowest at the O(1) site. Also, a preference for a curved oxygen transport pathway around the NiO6 octahedra was observed which agrees with the published literature for Ruddlesden-Popper phase materials. Lattice parameters for all three compositions showed a linear increase with increasing temperature, but the increase was greatest in the c parameter while the b parameter showed only a slight increase when compared to the a parameter. The thermal expansion coefficient was calculated for all compositions and was found to be in the range 13.0-13.4 × 10-6 °C-1, which is compatible with the commonly used electrolyte materials for solid oxide fuel cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mudasir A Yatoo
- Imperial College London, Department of Materials, Faculty of Engineering Exhibition Road London SW7 2AZ UK
- EPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training in Advanced Characterisation of Materials Exhibition Road London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Ieuan D Seymour
- Imperial College London, Department of Materials, Faculty of Engineering Exhibition Road London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Stephen J Skinner
- Imperial College London, Department of Materials, Faculty of Engineering Exhibition Road London SW7 2AZ UK
- EPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training in Advanced Characterisation of Materials Exhibition Road London SW7 2AZ UK
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8
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van der Maas E, Famprikis T, Pieters S, Dijkstra JP, Li Z, Parnell SR, Smith RI, van Eck ERH, Ganapathy S, Wagemaker M. Re-investigating the structure-property relationship of the solid electrolytes Li 3-x In 1-x Zr x Cl 6 and the impact of In-Zr(iv) substitution. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY. A 2023; 11:4559-4571. [PMID: 36866387 PMCID: PMC9969333 DOI: 10.1039/d2ta08433c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Chloride-based solid electrolytes are considered interesting candidates for catholytes in all-solid-state batteries due to their high electrochemical stability, which allows the use of high-voltage cathodes without protective coatings. Aliovalent Zr(iv) substitution is a widely applicable strategy to increase the ionic conductivity of Li3M(iii)Cl6 solid electrolytes. In this study, we investigate how Zr(iv) substitution affects the structure and ion conduction in Li3-x In1-x Zr x Cl6 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5). Rietveld refinement using both X-ray and neutron diffraction is used to make a structural model based on two sets of scattering contrasts. AC-impedance measurements and solid-state NMR relaxometry measurements at multiple Larmor frequencies are used to study the Li-ion dynamics. In this manner the diffusion mechanism and its correlation with the structure are explored and compared to previous studies, advancing the understanding of these complex and difficult to characterize materials. It is found that the diffusion in Li3InCl6 is most likely anisotropic considering the crystal structure and two distinct jump processes found by solid-state NMR. Zr-substitution improves ionic conductivity by tuning the charge carrier concentration, accompanied by small changes in the crystal structure which affect ion transport on short timescales, likely reducing the anisotropy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eveline van der Maas
- Department of Radiation Science and Technology, Delft University of Technology Delft Netherlands
| | - Theodosios Famprikis
- Department of Radiation Science and Technology, Delft University of Technology Delft Netherlands
| | - Saskia Pieters
- Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Radboud University Nijmegen Netherlands
| | - Jonas P Dijkstra
- Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Radboud University Nijmegen Netherlands
| | - Zhaolong Li
- Department of Radiation Science and Technology, Delft University of Technology Delft Netherlands
| | - Steven R Parnell
- Department of Radiation Science and Technology, Delft University of Technology Delft Netherlands
| | - Ronald I Smith
- ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Chilton Didcot Oxfordshire UK OX11 0QX
| | - Ernst R H van Eck
- Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Radboud University Nijmegen Netherlands
| | - Swapna Ganapathy
- Department of Radiation Science and Technology, Delft University of Technology Delft Netherlands
| | - Marnix Wagemaker
- Department of Radiation Science and Technology, Delft University of Technology Delft Netherlands
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9
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Sherwood B, Wildman EJ, Smith RI, Mclaughlin AC. Enhanced Oxide Ion Conductivity by Ta Doping of Ba 3Nb 1-xTa xMoO 8.5. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:1628-1635. [PMID: 36650095 PMCID: PMC9890478 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Significant oxide ion conductivity has previously been reported for the Ba3M'M″O8.5 family (M' = Nb5+, V5+; M″ = Mo6+, W6+) of cation-deficient hexagonal perovskite derivatives. These systems exhibit considerable structural disorder and competitive occupation of two distinct oxygen positions (O3 site and O2 site), enabling two-dimensional (2D) ionic conductivity within the ab plane of the structure; higher occupation of the tetrahedral O3 site vs the octahedral O2 site is known to be a major factor that promotes oxide ion conductivity. Previous chemical doping studies have shown that substitution of small amounts of the M' or M″ ions can result in significant changes to both the structure and ionic conductivity. Here, we report on the electrical and structural properties of the Ba3Nb1-xTaxMoO8.5 series (x = 0.00, 0.025, 0.050, 0.100). AC impedance measurements show that substitution of Nb5+ with Ta5+ leads to a significant increase in low-temperature (<500 °C) conductivity for x = 0.1. Analysis of neutron and X-ray diffraction (XRD) data confirms that there is a decrease in the M1O4/M1O6 ratio upon increasing x from 0 to 0.1 in Ba3Nb1-xTaxMoO8.5, which would usually coincide with a lowering in the conductivity. However, neutron diffraction results show that Ta doping causes an increase in the oxide ion conductivity as a result of longer M1-O3 bonds and increased polyhedral distortion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent Sherwood
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Meston Walk, AberdeenAB24 3UE, U.K.
| | - Eve J. Wildman
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Meston Walk, AberdeenAB24 3UE, U.K.
| | - Ronald I. Smith
- ISIS
Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, DidcotOX11 0QX, U.K.
| | - Abbie C. Mclaughlin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Meston Walk, AberdeenAB24 3UE, U.K.,
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10
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Zachariou A, Hawkins AP, Howe RF, Skakle JMS, Barrow N, Collier P, Nye DW, Smith RI, Stenning GBG, Parker SF, Lennon D. Counting the Acid Sites in a Commercial ZSM-5 Zeolite Catalyst. ACS PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY AU 2022; 3:74-83. [PMID: 36718264 PMCID: PMC9881239 DOI: 10.1021/acsphyschemau.2c00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
This work investigates the acid sites in a commercial ZSM-5 zeolite catalyst by a combination of spectroscopic and physical methods. The Brønsted acid sites in such catalysts are associated with the aluminum substituted into the zeolite lattice, which may not be identical to the total aluminum content of the zeolite. Inelastic neutron scattering spectroscopy (INS) directly quantifies the concentrations of Brønsted acid protons, silanol groups, and hydroxyl groups associated with extra-framework aluminum species. The INS measurements show that ∼50% of the total aluminum content of this particular zeolite is extra framework, a conclusion supported by solid-state NMR and ammonia temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) measurements. Evidence for the presence of extra-framework aluminum oxide species is also seen in neutron powder diffraction data from proton- and deuterium-exchanged samples. The differences between results from the different analytical methods are discussed, and the novelty of direct proton counting by INS in this typical commercial catalyst is emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Zachariou
- School
of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Joseph Black Building, GlasgowG12 8QQ, U.K.,UK
Catalysis Hub, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, ChiltonOX11 0FA, Oxon, U.K.
| | - Alexander P. Hawkins
- School
of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Joseph Black Building, GlasgowG12 8QQ, U.K.,UK
Catalysis Hub, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, ChiltonOX11 0FA, Oxon, U.K.
| | - Russell F. Howe
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, AberdeenAB24 3UE, U.K.
| | - Janet M. S. Skakle
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, AberdeenAB24 3UE, U.K.,Department
of Physics, University of Aberdeen, AberdeenAB24 3UE, U.K.
| | - Nathan Barrow
- Johnson
Matthey Technology Centre, Blounts Court, Sonning Common, Reading, BerkshireRG4 9NH, U.K.
| | - Paul Collier
- Johnson
Matthey Technology Centre, Blounts Court, Sonning Common, Reading, BerkshireRG4 9NH, U.K.
| | - Daniel W. Nye
- ISIS Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, ChiltonOX11 0QX, Oxon, U.K.
| | - Ronald I. Smith
- ISIS Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, ChiltonOX11 0QX, Oxon, U.K.
| | | | - Stewart F. Parker
- School
of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Joseph Black Building, GlasgowG12 8QQ, U.K.,UK
Catalysis Hub, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, ChiltonOX11 0FA, Oxon, U.K.,ISIS Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, ChiltonOX11 0QX, Oxon, U.K.,
| | - David Lennon
- School
of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Joseph Black Building, GlasgowG12 8QQ, U.K.,
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11
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Elgaml M, Cassidy SJ, Clarke SJ. Topochemical intercalation reactions of ZrSe3. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2022.123436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Liu J, Du J, Phillips AE, Wyatt PB, Keen DA, Dove MT. Neutron powder diffraction study of the phase transitions in deuterated methylammonium lead iodide. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 34:145401. [PMID: 35021159 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac4aa9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We report the results of a neutron powder diffraction study of the phase transitions in deuterated methylammonium lead iodide, with a focus on the system of orientational distortions of the framework of PbI6octahedra. The results are analysed in terms of symmetry-adapted lattice strains and normal mode distortions. The higher-temperature cubic-tetragonal phase transition at 327 K is weakly discontinuous and nearly tricritical. The variations of rotation angles and spontaneous strains with temperature are consistent with a standard Landau theory treatment. The lower-temperature transition to the orthorhombic phase at 165 K is discontinuous, with two systems of octahedral rotations and internal distortions that together can be described by 5 order parameters of different symmetry. In this paper we quantify the various symmetry-breaking distortions and their variation with temperature, together with their relationship to the spontaneous strains, within the formalism of Landau theory. A number of curious results in the low-temperature phase are identified, particularly regarding distortion amplitudes that decrease rather than increase with lowering temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxun Liu
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Juan Du
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony E Phillips
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Peter B Wyatt
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - David A Keen
- ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Martin T Dove
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom
- School of Computer Sciences, Sichuan University, No 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
- Department of Physics, School of Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, 205 Luoshi Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, People's Republic of China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, 1st Daxue Road, Songshan Lake, Dongguan, Guangdong 523000, People's Republic of China
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13
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Terban MW, Billinge SJL. Structural Analysis of Molecular Materials Using the Pair Distribution Function. Chem Rev 2022; 122:1208-1272. [PMID: 34788012 PMCID: PMC8759070 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This is a review of atomic pair distribution function (PDF) analysis as applied to the study of molecular materials. The PDF method is a powerful approach to study short- and intermediate-range order in materials on the nanoscale. It may be obtained from total scattering measurements using X-rays, neutrons, or electrons, and it provides structural details when defects, disorder, or structural ambiguities obscure their elucidation directly in reciprocal space. While its uses in the study of inorganic crystals, glasses, and nanomaterials have been recently highlighted, significant progress has also been made in its application to molecular materials such as carbons, pharmaceuticals, polymers, liquids, coordination compounds, composites, and more. Here, an overview of applications toward a wide variety of molecular compounds (organic and inorganic) and systems with molecular components is presented. We then present pedagogical descriptions and tips for further implementation. Successful utilization of the method requires an interdisciplinary consolidation of material preparation, high quality scattering experimentation, data processing, model formulation, and attentive scrutiny of the results. It is hoped that this article will provide a useful reference to practitioners for PDF applications in a wide realm of molecular sciences, and help new practitioners to get started with this technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell W. Terban
- Max
Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Simon J. L. Billinge
- Department
of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
- Condensed
Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
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14
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Herlihy A, Geddes HS, Sosso GC, Bull CL, Ridley CJ, Goodwin AL, Senn MS, Funnell NP. Recovering local structure information from high-pressure total scattering experiments. J Appl Crystallogr 2021; 54:1546-1554. [PMID: 34963760 PMCID: PMC8662973 DOI: 10.1107/s1600576721009420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
High pressure is a powerful thermodynamic tool for exploring the structure and the phase behaviour of the crystalline state, and is now widely used in conventional crystallographic measurements. High-pressure local structure measurements using neutron diffraction have, thus far, been limited by the presence of a strongly scattering, perdeuterated, pressure-transmitting medium (PTM), the signal from which contaminates the resulting pair distribution functions (PDFs). Here, a method is reported for subtracting the pairwise correlations of the commonly used 4:1 methanol:ethanol PTM from neutron PDFs obtained under hydro-static compression. The method applies a molecular-dynamics-informed empirical correction and a non-negative matrix factorization algorithm to recover the PDF of the pure sample. Proof of principle is demonstrated, producing corrected high-pressure PDFs of simple crystalline materials, Ni and MgO, and benchmarking these against simulated data from the average structure. Finally, the first local structure determination of α-quartz under hydro-static pressure is presented, extracting compression behaviour of the real-space structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Herlihy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Harry S. Geddes
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriele C. Sosso
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Craig L. Bull
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J. Ridley
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew L. Goodwin
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Mark S. Senn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas P. Funnell
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
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15
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MacIver-Jones FM, Sutcliffe P, Graham MC, Morrison CA, Kirk CA. Locating hydrogen positions in the autunite mineral metatorbernite [Cu(UO 2) 2(PO 4) 2·8H 2O]: a combined approach using neutron powder diffraction and computational modelling. IUCRJ 2021; 8:963-972. [PMID: 34804548 PMCID: PMC8562655 DOI: 10.1107/s205225252100837x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Metatorbernite [Cu(UO2)2(PO4)2·8H2O] is a promising remediation material for environmental uranium contamination. Previous X-ray diffraction studies have been unable to definitively locate hydrogen positions within metatorbernite, which are key to determining the hydrogen-bond network that helps to stabilize the structure. Here, hydrogen positions have been determined using a combination of neutron powder diffraction and the computational modelling technique ab initio random structure searching (AIRSS). Atomic coordinates determined through Rietveld analysis of neutron powder diffraction data are in excellent agreement with the minimum energy configuration predicted by AIRSS; thus, simulations confirm that our proposed model likely represents the global minimum configuration. Two groups of water molecules exist within the metatorbernite structure: free water and copper-coordinating water. Free water molecules are held within the structure by hydrogen bonding only, whilst the coordinating water molecules bond to copper in the equatorial positions to produce a 4 + 2 Jahn-Teller octahedra. The successful agreement between neutron powder diffraction data and AIRSS suggests that this combined approach has excellent potential for the study of other (trans)uranium materials in which hydrogen bonding plays a key role in phase stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona M. MacIver-Jones
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Polly Sutcliffe
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Margaret C. Graham
- School of Geoscience, University of Edinburgh, Crew Building, Alexander Crum Brown Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Carole A. Morrison
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline A. Kirk
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
- Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, United Kingdom
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16
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Barter M, Smith G, Yang S, Schröder M, Jones MO, Porch A. Simultaneous neutron powder diffraction and microwave characterisation at elevated temperatures. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:23602-23609. [PMID: 34652363 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03658k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of simultaneous neutron powder diffraction (NPD) and microwave characterisation can provide more information than the use of either technique individually; for example, it enables the differentiation of physisorbed and metal-coordinated species. Many possible experiments using these combined techniques can benefit from the addition of a heat source for sample heating, such as real-time measurements of solvent removal, or chemical and catalytic reactions. This paper documents the design of equipment to conduct simultaneous NPD and 2.5 GHz microwave cavity resonance techniques at elevated temperatures and confirms the use of this equipment for successful desolvation of a metal-organic framework (MOF) sample at 150 °C. The high sensitivity of microwave characterisation of lossy and polar materials is demonstrated at levels much lower than those that can be detected using crystallographic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Barter
- Centre for High Frequency Engineering, School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Wales, UK.
| | - Gemma Smith
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Sihai Yang
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Martin Schröder
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Martin Owen Jones
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, UK.,University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, UK
| | - Adrian Porch
- Centre for High Frequency Engineering, School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Wales, UK.
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17
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Cedervall J, Clulow R, Boström HL, Joshi DC, Andersson MS, Mathieu R, Beran P, Smith RI, Tseng JC, Sahlberg M, Berastegui P, Shafeie S. Phase stability and structural transitions in compositionally complex LnMO3 perovskites. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2021.122213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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18
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Flores-González N, Minafra N, Dewald G, Reardon H, Smith RI, Adams S, Zeier WG, Gregory DH. Mechanochemical Synthesis and Structure of Lithium Tetrahaloaluminates, LiAlX 4 (X = Cl, Br, I): A Family of Li-Ion Conducting Ternary Halides. ACS MATERIALS LETTERS 2021; 3:652-657. [PMID: 34476400 PMCID: PMC8397468 DOI: 10.1021/acsmaterialslett.1c00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
State-of-the-art oxides and sulfides with high Li-ion conductivity and good electrochemical stability are among the most promising candidates for solid-state electrolytes in secondary batteries. Yet emerging halides offer promising alternatives because of their intrinsic low Li+ migration energy barriers, high electrochemical oxidative stability, and beneficial mechanical properties. Mechanochemical synthesis has enabled the characterization of LiAlX4 compounds to be extended and the iodide, LiAlI4, to be synthesized for the first time (monoclinic P21/c, Z = 4; a = 8.0846(1) Å; b = 7.4369(1) Å; c = 14.8890(2) Å; β = 93.0457(8)°). Of the tetrahaloaluminates, LiAlBr4 exhibited the highest ionic conductivity at room temperature (0.033 mS cm-1), while LiAlCl4 showed a conductivity of 0.17 mS cm-1 at 333 K, coupled with the highest thermal and oxidative stability. Modeling of the diffusion pathways suggests that the Li-ion transport mechanism in each tetrahaloaluminate is closely related and mediated by both halide polarizability and concerted complex anion motions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicolò Minafra
- Institute
for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Correnstrasse 39, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Georg Dewald
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Justus-Liebig-University
Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Hazel Reardon
- School of
Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Joseph Black Building, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K.
| | - Ronald I. Smith
- ISIS Pulsed
Neutron and Muon Source, STFC Rutherford
Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, U.K.
| | - Stefan Adams
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, National
University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, 117575, Singapore
| | - Wolfgang G. Zeier
- Institute
for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Correnstrasse 39, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Duncan H. Gregory
- School of
Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Joseph Black Building, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K.
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19
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Beyer J, Kato K, Brummerstedt Iversen B. Synchrotron total-scattering data applicable to dual-space structural analysis. IUCRJ 2021; 8:387-394. [PMID: 33953925 PMCID: PMC8086158 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252521001664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) is a well established technique for investigating the atomic arrangement of crystalline materials. At modern beamlines, X-ray scattering data can be collected in a total-scattering setting, which additionally opens up the opportunity for direct-space structural analysis through the atomic pair distribution function (PDF). Modelling of PXRD and PDF data is typically carried out separately, but employing a concurrent structural model to both direct- and reciprocal-space data has the possibility to enhance total-scattering data analysis. However, total-scattering measurements applicable to such dual-space analyses are technically demanding. Recently, the technical demands have been fulfilled by a MYTHEN microstrip detector system (OHGI), which meets the stringent requirements for both techniques with respect to Q range, Q resolution and dynamic range. In the present study, we evaluate the quality of total-scattering data obtained with OHGI by separate direct- and reciprocal-space analysis of Si. Excellent agreement between structural parameters in both spaces is found, demonstrating that the total-scattering data from OHGI can be utilized in dual-space structural analysis e.g. for in situ and operando measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Beyer
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark
| | - Kenichi Kato
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, 679-5148, Japan
- JST, PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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20
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Coates CS, Baise M, Schmutzler A, Simonov A, Makepeace JW, Seel AG, Smith RI, Playford HY, Keen DA, Siegel R, Senker J, Slater B, Goodwin AL. Spin-ice physics in cadmium cyanide. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2272. [PMID: 33859176 PMCID: PMC8050284 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22515-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Spin-ices are frustrated magnets that support a particularly rich variety of emergent physics. Typically, it is the interplay of magnetic dipole interactions, spin anisotropy, and geometric frustration on the pyrochlore lattice that drives spin-ice formation. The relevant physics occurs at temperatures commensurate with the magnetic interaction strength, which for most systems is 1-5 K. Here, we show that non-magnetic cadmium cyanide, Cd(CN)2, exhibits analogous behaviour to magnetic spin-ices, but does so on a temperature scale that is nearly two orders of magnitude greater. The electric dipole moments of cyanide ions in Cd(CN)2 assume the role of magnetic pseudospins, with the difference in energy scale reflecting the increased strength of electric vs magnetic dipolar interactions. As a result, spin-ice physics influences the structural behaviour of Cd(CN)2 even at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe S Coates
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford, UK
| | - Mia Baise
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Arkadiy Simonov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford, UK
- Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Joshua W Makepeace
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford, UK
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Andrew G Seel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford, UK
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ronald I Smith
- ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Helen Y Playford
- ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - David A Keen
- ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Renée Siegel
- Anorganische Chemie III, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Jürgen Senker
- Anorganische Chemie III, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Ben Slater
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Andrew L Goodwin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford, UK.
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21
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Funnell NP, Allan DR, Maloney AGP, Smith RI, Wilson CJG, Parsons S. Suppression of isotopic polymorphism. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ce01636e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Crystallisation at pressure overcomes the effect of isotopic polymorphism in the methylpyridine pentachlorophenol co-crystal. Though the hydrogenated Cc polymorph can only be obtained at pressure, it is stable on recovery to ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David R. Allan
- Diamond Light Source
- Diamond House
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
- Didcot
- UK
| | | | - Ronald I. Smith
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Facility
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
- Didcot
- UK
| | - Cameron J. G. Wilson
- Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions
- School of Chemistry
- The University of Edinburgh
- Edinburgh
- UK
| | - Simon Parsons
- Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions
- School of Chemistry
- The University of Edinburgh
- Edinburgh
- UK
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22
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Price LA, Ridley CJ, Bull CL, Wells SA, Sartbaeva A. Determining the structure of zeolite frameworks at high pressures. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce00142f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The study of porous materials under high-pressure conditions is crucial for the understanding and development of structure–property relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A. Price
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Chris J. Ridley
- STFC ISIS Neutron and Muon Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, UK
| | - Craig L. Bull
- STFC ISIS Neutron and Muon Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, UK
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23
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Ek G, Nygård MM, Pavan AF, Montero J, Henry PF, Sørby MH, Witman M, Stavila V, Zlotea C, Hauback BC, Sahlberg M. Elucidating the Effects of the Composition on Hydrogen Sorption in TiVZrNbHf-Based High-Entropy Alloys. Inorg Chem 2020; 60:1124-1132. [PMID: 33370527 PMCID: PMC7871323 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c03270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
A number
of high-entropy alloys (HEAs) in the TiVZrNbHf system
have been synthesized by arc melting and systematically evaluated
for their hydrogen sorption characteristics. A total of 21 alloys
with varying elemental compositions were investigated, and 17 of them
form body-centered-cubic (bcc) solid solutions in the as-cast state.
A total of 15 alloys form either face-centered-cubic (fcc) or body-centered-tetragonal
(bct) hydrides after exposure to gaseous hydrogen with hydrogen per
metal ratios (H/M) as high as 2.0. Linear trends are observed between
the volumetric expansion per metal atom [(V/Z)fcc/bct – (V/Z)bcc/hcp]/(V/Z)bcc/hcp with the valence electron concentration and average
Pauling electronegativity (χp) of the alloys. However,
no correlation was observed between the atomic size mismatch, δ,
and any investigated hydrogen sorption property such as the maximum
storage capacity or onset temperature for hydrogen release. The effect of the composition on hydrogen
sorption has been
studied on high-entropy alloys based on TiVZrNbHf. Most alloys crystallize
in body-centered-cubic solid solutions and form fluorite-type metal
hydrides. The desorption behavior of three selected metal deuterides
was studied with in situ neutron diffraction coupled with gravimetric
analysis. It was found that when Zr is added to TiVNb, deuterium first
jumps from tetrahedral interstitial sites to octahedral sites before
leaving the structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustav Ek
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, Uppsala SE-75120, Sweden
| | - Magnus M Nygård
- Department for Neutron Materials Characterization, Institute for Energy Technology, P.O. Box 40, Kjeller NO-2027, Norway
| | - Adriano F Pavan
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, Uppsala SE-75120, Sweden
| | - Jorge Montero
- Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris Est, Université de Paris Est, CNRS, UPEC, Thiais 94320, France
| | - Paul F Henry
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, Uppsala SE-75120, Sweden.,ISIS Pulsed Neutron and Muon Source, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Magnus H Sørby
- Department for Neutron Materials Characterization, Institute for Energy Technology, P.O. Box 40, Kjeller NO-2027, Norway
| | - Matthew Witman
- Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94551, United States
| | - Vitalie Stavila
- Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94551, United States
| | - Claudia Zlotea
- Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris Est, Université de Paris Est, CNRS, UPEC, Thiais 94320, France
| | - Bjørn C Hauback
- Department for Neutron Materials Characterization, Institute for Energy Technology, P.O. Box 40, Kjeller NO-2027, Norway
| | - Martin Sahlberg
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, Uppsala SE-75120, Sweden
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24
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O'Sullivan SE, Montoya E, Sun SK, George J, Kirk C, Dixon Wilkins MC, Weck PF, Kim E, Knight KS, Hyatt NC. Crystal and Electronic Structures of A 2NaIO 6 Periodate Double Perovskites (A = Sr, Ca, Ba): Candidate Wasteforms for I-129 Immobilization. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:18407-18419. [PMID: 33296192 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c03044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, structure, and thermal stability of the periodate double perovskites A2NaIO6 (A= Ba, Sr, Ca) were investigated in the context of potential application for the immobilization of radioiodine. A combination of X-ray diffraction and neutron diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and DFT simulations were applied to determine accurate crystal structures of these compounds and understand their relative stability. The compounds were found to exhibit rock-salt ordering of Na and I on the perovskite B-site; Ba2NaIO6 was found to adopt the Fm-3m aristotype structure, whereas Sr2NaIO6 and Ca2NaIO6 adopt the P21/n hettotype structure, characterized by cooperative octahedral tilting. DFT simulations determined the Fm-3m and P21/n structures of Ba2NaIO6 to be energetically degenerate at room temperature, whereas diffraction and spectroscopy data evidence only the presence of the Fm-3m phase at room temperature, which may imply an incipient phase transition for this compound. The periodate double perovskites were found to exhibit remarkable thermal stability, with Ba2NaIO6 only decomposing above 1050 °C in air, which is apparently the highest recorded decomposition temperature so far recorded for any iodine bearing compound. As such, these compounds offer some potential for application in the immobilization of iodine-129, from nuclear fuel reprocessing, with an iodine incorporation rate of 25-40 wt%. The synthesis of these compounds, elaborated here, is also compatible with both current conventional and future advanced processes for iodine recovery from the dissolver off-gas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E O'Sullivan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K
| | - Eduardo Montoya
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, United States
| | - Shi-Kuan Sun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K
| | - Jonathan George
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, United States
| | - Cameron Kirk
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, United States
| | - Malin C Dixon Wilkins
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K
| | - Philippe F Weck
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Eunja Kim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, United States
| | - Kevin S Knight
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K.,Department of Earth Sciences, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, U.K
| | - Neil C Hyatt
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K
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Investigation of Structural and Thermal Evolution in Novel Layered Perovskite NdSrMn2O5+δ via Neutron Powder Diffraction and Thermogravimetric Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/6642187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Neutron diffraction is one of the best methods for structural analysis of a complex, layered perovskite material with low symmetry by accurately detecting the oxygen positions through octahedral tilting. In this research, the crystal structure of NdSrMn2O5+δ was identified through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and neutron powder diffraction (NPD) at room temperature (RT), which indicated the formation of a layered structure in orthorhombic symmetry in the Pmmm (no. 47) space group. Rietveld refinement of the neutron diffraction data has confirmed the orthorhombic symmetry with unit cell parameters (a = 3.8367 (1) Å, b = 3.8643 (2) Å, and c = 7.7126 (1) Å), atomic positions, and oxygen occupancy. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed the total weight loss of about 0.10% for 20–950°C temperature, which occurred mainly to create oxygen vacancies at high temperatures. Rietveld analyses concurred with the XRD and neutron data allowing correlation of occupancy factors of the oxygen sites.
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Fortes A, Gibbs A. HRPD-X; a proposed upgrade to the ISIS High-Resolution Powder Diffractometer. JOURNAL OF NEUTRON RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.3233/jnr-190130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
HRPD-X is a proposal to completely replace the current high-resolution powder diffractometer (HRPD) at the ISIS Neutron and Muon Source. The new instrument is expected to deliver a factor of four increase in solid-angle coverage. Taking advantage of new detector technology and coupled with a non-magnetic sample tank and improved incident- and diffracted-beam collimation, the new instrument will substantially improve HRPD’s scientific capabilities to study magnetic structures and behaviour, high-pressure phenomena and supramolecular structures whilst strengthening its performance in already-established areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.D. Fortes
- ISIS Pulsed Neutron and Muon Source, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Chilton, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, UK. E-mails: ,
| | - A.S. Gibbs
- ISIS Pulsed Neutron and Muon Source, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Chilton, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, UK. E-mails: ,
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Bull C, Ridley C, Funnell N, Knight K. Behaviour of polyhedra in Sr2NiMoO6 at high pressure and temperature. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2020.121474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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28
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Trussov IA, Kokhmetova ST, Driscoll LL, Smith R, Berry FJ, Marco JF, Galeyeva AK, Kurbatov AP, Slater PR. Synthesis, structure and electrochemical performance of Eldfellite, NaFe(SO4)2, doped with SeO4, HPO4 and PO3F. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2020.121395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Keen
- ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxfordshire, UK
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Ga2.52V2·48O7·33(OH)0.67, a synthetic member of the nolanite/akdalaite-type family of oxyhydroxides containing trivalent vanadium. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2020.121396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Afroze S, Torino N, Henry PF, Reza MS, Cheok Q, Azad AK. Neutron and X-ray powder diffraction data to determine the structural properties of novel layered perovskite PrSrMn 2O 5+δ. Data Brief 2020; 29:105173. [PMID: 32055661 PMCID: PMC7005487 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2020.105173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The data presented in this article are related to the formation of a novel layered perovskite oxide material, PrSrMn2O5+δ, through a solid-state synthesis route. Here, we present the high-resolution neutron powder diffraction and the X-ray powder diffraction data at room temperature. The new perovskite material crystallizes in the orthorhombic symmetry. Interpretation of this data can be found in a research article titled "Insight of novel layered perovskite PrSrMn2O5+δ: A neutron powder diffraction study" (Shammya et al., 2019) [1].
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Affiliation(s)
- Shammya Afroze
- Faculty of Integrated Technologies, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong, BE 1410, Brunei Darussalam
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nico Torino
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Paul F. Henry
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
- ISIS Pulsed Neutron & Muon Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Md Sumon Reza
- Faculty of Integrated Technologies, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong, BE 1410, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Quentin Cheok
- Faculty of Integrated Technologies, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong, BE 1410, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Abul K. Azad
- Faculty of Integrated Technologies, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong, BE 1410, Brunei Darussalam
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Abstract
The crystal structure of the Zintl phase hydride CaSiH≈4/3 was discussed controversially, especially with respect to the nature of the silicon-hydrogen interaction. We have applied X-ray and neutron powder diffraction as well as total neutron scattering on a deuterated sample, CaSiD1.1. Rietveld refinement (CaSiD1.1, Pnma, a = 14.579(4) Å, b = 3.8119(4) Å, c = 11.209(2) Å) and an analysis of the neutron pair distribution function show a silicon-deuterium bond length of 1.53 Å. The Si–H bond may thus be categorized as covalent and the main structural features described by a limiting ionic formula Ca2+H−(Si−)2/3(SiH−)1/3. Hydrogen atoms decorating the ribbon-like silicon polyanion made of three connected zigzag chains are under-occupied, resulting in a composition CaSiH1.1. Hydrogen-poor Zintl phase hydrides CaSiH<1 with hydride ions in Ca4 tetrahedra only were found in an in situ neutron diffraction experiment at elevated temperature. Hydrogen (deuterium) uptake and release in CaSiDx (0.05 ≤ x ≤ 0.17) is a very fast process and takes less than 1 min to complete, which is of importance for possible hydrogen storage applications.
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