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Yaghoubi Naei V, Bordhan P, Mirakhorli F, Khorrami M, Shrestha J, Nazari H, Kulasinghe A, Ebrahimi Warkiani M. Advances in novel strategies for isolation, characterization, and analysis of CTCs and ctDNA. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2023; 15:17588359231192401. [PMID: 37692363 PMCID: PMC10486235 DOI: 10.1177/17588359231192401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, the detection and analysis of liquid biopsy biomarkers such as circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) have advanced significantly. They have received recognition for their clinical usefulness in detecting cancer at an early stage, monitoring disease, and evaluating treatment response. The emergence of liquid biopsy has been a helpful development, as it offers a minimally invasive, rapid, real-time monitoring, and possible alternative to traditional tissue biopsies. In resource-limited settings, the ideal platform for liquid biopsy should not only extract more CTCs or ctDNA from a minimal sample volume but also accurately represent the molecular heterogeneity of the patient's disease. This review covers novel strategies and advancements in CTC and ctDNA-based liquid biopsy platforms, including microfluidic applications and comprehensive analysis of molecular complexity. We discuss these systems' operational principles and performance efficiencies, as well as future opportunities and challenges for their implementation in clinical settings. In addition, we emphasize the importance of integrated platforms that incorporate machine learning and artificial intelligence in accurate liquid biopsy detection systems, which can greatly improve cancer management and enable precision diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Yaghoubi Naei
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Pritam Bordhan
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Science, Institute for Biomedical Materials & Devices, University of Technology Sydney, Australia
| | - Fatemeh Mirakhorli
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Motahare Khorrami
- Immunology Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Jesus Shrestha
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Hojjatollah Nazari
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Arutha Kulasinghe
- Faculty of Medicine, Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Majid Ebrahimi Warkiani
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, 1, Broadway, Ultimo New South Wales 2007, Australia
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2
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Pillai S, Kwan JC, Yaziji F, Yu H, Tran SD. Mapping the Potential of Microfluidics in Early Diagnosis and Personalized Treatment of Head and Neck Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3894. [PMID: 37568710 PMCID: PMC10417175 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancers (HNCs) account for ~4% of all cancers in North America and encompass cancers affecting the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, sinuses, nasal cavity, and salivary glands. The anatomical complexity of the head and neck region, characterized by highly perfused and innervated structures, presents challenges in the early diagnosis and treatment of these cancers. The utilization of sub-microliter volumes and the unique phenomenon associated with microscale fluid dynamics have facilitated the development of microfluidic platforms for studying complex biological systems. The advent of on-chip microfluidics has significantly impacted the diagnosis and treatment strategies of HNC. Sensor-based microfluidics and point-of-care devices have improved the detection and monitoring of cancer biomarkers using biological specimens like saliva, urine, blood, and serum. Additionally, tumor-on-a-chip platforms have allowed the creation of patient-specific cancer models on a chip, enabling the development of personalized treatments through high-throughput screening of drugs. In this review, we first focus on how microfluidics enable the development of an enhanced, functional drug screening process for targeted treatment in HNCs. We then discuss current advances in microfluidic platforms for biomarker sensing and early detection, followed by on-chip modeling of HNC to evaluate treatment response. Finally, we address the practical challenges that hinder the clinical translation of these microfluidic advances.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Simon D. Tran
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Laboratory, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada; (S.P.); (J.C.K.); (F.Y.); (H.Y.)
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3
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Robin P, Barnabei L, Marocco S, Pagnoncelli J, Nicolis D, Tarantelli C, Tavilla AC, Robortella R, Cascione L, Mayoraz L, Journot CMA, Mensi M, Bertoni F, Stefanini I, Gerber-Lemaire S. A DNA biosensors-based microfluidic platform for attomolar real-time detection of unamplified SARS-CoV-2 virus. BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS: X 2023; 13:100302. [PMID: 36589921 PMCID: PMC9793959 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosx.2022.100302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) arose the need for rapid, accurate and massive virus detection methods to control the spread of infectious diseases. In this work, a device, deployable in non-medical environments, has been developed for the detection of non-amplified SARS-CoV-2 RNA. A SARS-CoV-2 specific probe was designed and covalently immobilized at the surface of glass slides to fabricate a DNA biosensor. The resulting system was integrated in a microfluidic platform, in which viral RNA was extracted from non-treated human saliva, before hybridizing at the surface of the sensor. The formed DNA/RNA duplex was detected in presence of SYBR Green I using an opto-electronic system, based on a high-power LED and a photo multiplier tube, which convert the emitted fluorescence into an electrical signal that can be processed in less than 10 min. The limit of detection of the resulting microfluidic platform reached six copies of viral RNA per microliter of sample (equal to 10 aM) and satisfied the safety margin. The absence of non-specific adsorption and the selectivity for SARS-CoV-2 RNA were established. In addition, the designed device could be applicable for the detection of a variety of viruses by simple modification of the immobilized probe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perrine Robin
- Group for Functionalized Biomaterials, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laura Barnabei
- Institute of Oncology Research, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USI, Via Francesco Chiesa 5, CH-6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Marocco
- Medical Devices area, Institute of Digital Technologies for Personalized Healthcare - MeDiTech, Department of Innovative Technologies, University of Applied Sciences of Southern Switzerland, Via la Santa 1, CH-6962, Lugano, Viganello, Switzerland
| | - Jacopo Pagnoncelli
- Medical Devices area, Institute of Digital Technologies for Personalized Healthcare - MeDiTech, Department of Innovative Technologies, University of Applied Sciences of Southern Switzerland, Via la Santa 1, CH-6962, Lugano, Viganello, Switzerland
| | - Daniele Nicolis
- Department of Innovative Technologies, University of Applied Sciences of Southern Switzerland, Via la Santa 1, CH-6962, Lugano, Viganello, Switzerland
| | - Chiara Tarantelli
- Institute of Oncology Research, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USI, Via Francesco Chiesa 5, CH-6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Agatino Christian Tavilla
- Department of Innovative Technologies, University of Applied Sciences of Southern Switzerland, Via la Santa 1, CH-6962, Lugano, Viganello, Switzerland
| | - Roberto Robortella
- Department of Innovative Technologies, University of Applied Sciences of Southern Switzerland, Via la Santa 1, CH-6962, Lugano, Viganello, Switzerland
| | - Luciano Cascione
- Institute of Oncology Research, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USI, Via Francesco Chiesa 5, CH-6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Lucas Mayoraz
- Group for Functionalized Biomaterials, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Céline M A Journot
- Group for Functionalized Biomaterials, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mounir Mensi
- ISIC-XRDSAP, EPFL Valais-Wallis, Rue de l'Industrie 17, CH-1951, Sion, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Bertoni
- Institute of Oncology Research, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USI, Via Francesco Chiesa 5, CH-6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, CH-6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Igor Stefanini
- Medical Devices area, Institute of Digital Technologies for Personalized Healthcare - MeDiTech, Department of Innovative Technologies, University of Applied Sciences of Southern Switzerland, Via la Santa 1, CH-6962, Lugano, Viganello, Switzerland
- Department of Innovative Technologies, University of Applied Sciences of Southern Switzerland, Via la Santa 1, CH-6962, Lugano, Viganello, Switzerland
| | - Sandrine Gerber-Lemaire
- Group for Functionalized Biomaterials, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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4
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Gardner L, Kostarelos K, Mallick P, Dive C, Hadjidemetriou M. Nano-omics: nanotechnology-based multidimensional harvesting of the blood-circulating cancerome. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2022; 19:551-561. [PMID: 35739399 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-022-00645-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, the development of 'simple' blood tests that enable cancer screening, diagnosis or monitoring and facilitate the design of personalized therapies without the need for invasive tumour biopsy sampling has been a core ambition in cancer research. Data emerging from ongoing biomarker development efforts indicate that multiple markers, used individually or as part of a multimodal panel, are required to enhance the sensitivity and specificity of assays for early stage cancer detection. The discovery of cancer-associated molecular alterations that are reflected in blood at multiple dimensions (genome, epigenome, transcriptome, proteome and metabolome) and integration of the resultant multi-omics data have the potential to uncover novel biomarkers as well as to further elucidate the underlying molecular pathways. Herein, we review key advances in multi-omics liquid biopsy approaches and introduce the 'nano-omics' paradigm: the development and utilization of nanotechnology tools for the enrichment and subsequent omics analysis of the blood-circulating cancerome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lois Gardner
- Nanomedicine Lab, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute Cancer Biomarker Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Kostas Kostarelos
- Nanomedicine Lab, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology (ICN2), UAB Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Parag Mallick
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University, California, USA
| | - Caroline Dive
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute Cancer Biomarker Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Marilena Hadjidemetriou
- Nanomedicine Lab, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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5
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Vanapalli SA, Clair Hur S. Preface to the Special Topic: Microfluidics, Circulating Biomarkers and Cancer. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2022; 16:040401. [PMID: 35992639 PMCID: PMC9385218 DOI: 10.1063/5.0116803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Siva A Vanapalli
- Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA
| | - Soojung Clair Hur
- Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218-2682, USA
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6
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Schneider L, Usherwood T, Tripathi A. A microfluidic platform for high-purity cell free DNA extraction from plasma for non-invasive prenatal testing. Prenat Diagn 2022; 42:240-253. [PMID: 35032044 DOI: 10.1002/pd.6092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Increase the yield and purity of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) extracted from plasma for non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) as inefficiencies in this extraction and purification can dramatically affect the sensitivity and specificity of the test. METHODS This work integrates cfDNA extraction from plasma with a microfluidic chip platform by combining magnetic bead-based extraction and electroosmotic flow on the microfluidic chip. Various wash buffers and voltage conditions were simulated using COMSOL Multiphysics Modeling and tested experimentally. RESULTS When performing the first wash step of this assay on the microfluidic chip with 300 V applied across the channel there was a six-fold increase in the A260 /A230 ratio showing a significant improvement (p value 0.0005) in the purity of the extracted sample all while maintaining a yield of 68.19%. These values are critical as a high yield results in more sample to analyze and an increase in A260 /A230 ratio corresponds to a decrease in salt contaminants such as guanidinium thiocyanate which can interfere with downstream processes during DNA library preparation and potentially hinder the NIPT screening results. CONCLUSIONS This technique has the potential to improve NIPT outcomes and other clinically relevant workflows that use cfDNA as an analyte such as cancer detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Schneider
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Thomas Usherwood
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Anubhav Tripathi
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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Teixeira A, Carneiro A, Piairo P, Xavier M, Ainla A, Lopes C, Sousa-Silva M, Dias A, Martins AS, Rodrigues C, Pereira R, Pires LR, Abalde-Cela S, Diéguez L. Advances in Microfluidics for the Implementation of Liquid Biopsy in Clinical Routine. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1379:553-590. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-04039-9_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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8
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Žvirblytė J, Mažutis L. Microfluidics for Cancer Biomarker Discovery, Research, and Clinical Application. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1379:499-524. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-04039-9_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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9
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Kim CJ, Dong L, Amend SR, Cho YK, Pienta KJ. The role of liquid biopsies in prostate cancer management. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:3263-3288. [PMID: 34346466 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00485a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Liquid biopsy has emerged as a complement to invasive tissue biopsy to guide cancer diagnosis and treatment. The common liquid biopsy biomarkers are circulating tumor cells (CTCs), extracellular vesicles (EVs), and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). Each biomarker provides specific information based on its intrinsic characteristics. Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in males worldwide. In men with low-grade localized prostate cancer, the disease can often be managed by active surveillance. For men who require treatment, the 5-year survival rate of localized prostate cancer is the highest among all cancer types, but the metastatic disease remains incurable. Metastatic prostate cancer invariably progresses to involve multiple bone sites and develops into a castration-resistant disease that leads to cancer death. The need to appropriately diagnose and guide the serial treatment of men with prostate cancer has led to the implementation of many studies to apply liquid biopsies to prostate cancer management. This review describes recent advancements in isolation and detection technology and the strength and weaknesses of the three circulating biomarkers. The clinical studies based on liquid biopsy results are summarized to depict the future perspective in the role of liquid biopsy on prostate cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Ju Kim
- The Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
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10
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Belotti Y, Lim CT. Microfluidics for Liquid Biopsies: Recent Advances, Current Challenges, and Future Directions. Anal Chem 2021; 93:4727-4738. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c00410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Belotti
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology, National University of Singapore, 117599 Singapore
| | - Chwee Teck Lim
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology, National University of Singapore, 117599 Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117583 Singapore
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 117411 Singapore
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11
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Jiang K, Jokhun DS, Lim CT. Microfluidic detection of human diseases: From liquid biopsy to COVID-19 diagnosis. J Biomech 2021; 117:110235. [PMID: 33486262 PMCID: PMC7832952 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidic devices can be thought of as comprising interconnected miniaturized compartments performing multiple experimental tasks individually or in parallel in an integrated fashion. Due to its small size, portability, and low cost, attempts have been made to incorporate detection assays into microfluidic platforms for diseases such as cancer and infection. Some of these technologies have served as point-of-care and sample-to-answer devices. The methods for detecting biomarkers in different diseases usually share similar principles and can conveniently be adapted to cope with arising health challenges. The COVID-19 pandemic is one such challenge that is testing the performance of both our conventional and newly-developed disease diagnostic technologies. In this mini-review, we will first look at the progress made in the past few years in applying microfluidics for liquid biopsy and infectious disease detection. Following that, we will use the current pandemic as an example to discuss how such technological advancements can help in the current health challenge and better prepare us for future ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Jiang
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Chwee Teck Lim
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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Stastny I, Zubor P, Kajo K, Kubatka P, Golubnitschaja O, Dankova Z. Aberrantly Methylated cfDNA in Body Fluids as a Promising Diagnostic Tool for Early Detection of Breast Cancer. Clin Breast Cancer 2020; 20:e711-e722. [PMID: 32792225 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2020.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Breast malignancies are the leading type of cancer among women. Its prevention and early detection, particularly in young women, remains challenging. To this end, cell-free DNA (cfDNA) detected in body fluids demonstrates great potential for early detection of tissue transformation and altered molecular setup, such as epigenetic profiles. Aberrantly methylated cfDNA in body fluids could therefore serve as a potential diagnostic and prognostic tool in breast cancer management. Abnormal methylation may lead to both an activation of oncogenes via hypomethylation and an inactivation of tumor suppressor genes by hypermethylation. We update the state of the art in the area of aberrant cfDNA methylation analyses as a diagnostic and prognostic tool in breast cancer, report on the main technological challenges, and provide an outlook for advancing the overall management of breast malignancies based on cfDNA as a target for diagnosis and tailored therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Stastny
- Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovak Republic; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Martin University Hospital and Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovak Republic.
| | - Pavol Zubor
- Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovak Republic; Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway
| | - Karol Kajo
- Department of Pathology, St Elizabeth Cancer Institute Hospital, Bratislava, Slovak Republic; Biomedical Research Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovak Republic; Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - Olga Golubnitschaja
- Radiological Hospital, Rheinische, Excellence University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Breast Cancer Research Centre, Rheinische, Excellence University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Centre for Integrated Oncology, Cologne-Bonn, Excellence University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Zuzana Dankova
- Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovak Republic
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Chen X, Wang L, Lou J. Nanotechnology Strategies for the Analysis of Circulating Tumor DNA: A Review. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e921040. [PMID: 32200389 PMCID: PMC7111132 DOI: 10.12659/msm.921040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) describes the fragmented DNA released from tumor cells into the blood. The ctDNA may have the same genetic changes as the primary tumor. Currently, ctDNA has become a popular biomarker for diagnosis, treatment, real-time clinical response monitoring, and prognosis, for solid tumors. Detection of ctDNA is minimally invasive, and repeat sampling can easily be performed. However, due to its low quality and short DNA fragment length, ctDNA detection still faces challenges and requires highly sensitive analytical techniques. Recently, liquid biopsies for the analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and circulating tumor-derived exosomes have been studied, and nanotechnology techniques have rapidly developed. Compared to traditional analytical methods, these nanotechnology-based platforms have the advantages of sensitivity, multiplex detection, simplicity, miniaturization, and automation, which support their potential use in clinical practice. This review aims to discuss the recent nanotechnological strategies for ctDNA analysis and the design of reliable techniques for ctDNA detection and to identify the potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Chen
- Nano Biomedical Research Center, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China (mainland).,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Jiatao Lou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
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