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Sousa JPM, Deus IA, Monteiro CF, Custódio CA, Gil J, Papadimitriou L, Ranella A, Stratakis E, Mano JF, Marques PAAP. Amniotic Membrane-Derived Multichannel Hydrogels for Neural Tissue Repair. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2400522. [PMID: 38989725 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202400522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
In the pursuit of advancing neural tissue regeneration, biomaterial scaffolds have emerged as promising candidates, offering potential solutions for nerve disruptions. Among these scaffolds, multichannel hydrogels, characterized by meticulously designed micrometer-scale channels, stand out as instrumental tools for guiding axonal growth and facilitating cellular interactions. This study explores the innovative application of human amniotic membranes modified with methacryloyl domains (AMMA) in neural stem cell (NSC) culture. AMMA hydrogels, possessing a tailored softness resembling the physiological environment, are prepared in the format of multichannel scaffolds to simulate native-like microarchitecture of nerve tracts. Preliminary experiments on AMMA hydrogel films showcase their potential for neural applications, demonstrating robust adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of NSCs without the need for additional coatings. Transitioning into the 3D realm, the multichannel architecture fosters intricate neuronal networks guiding neurite extension longitudinally. Furthermore, the presence of synaptic vesicles within the cellular arrays suggests the establishment of functional synaptic connections, underscoring the physiological relevance of the developed neuronal networks. This work contributes to the ongoing efforts to find ethical, clinically translatable, and functionally relevant approaches for regenerative neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana P M Sousa
- TEMA - Centre for Mechanical Technology and Automation, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
- CICECO - Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitario de Santiago, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Inês A Deus
- CICECO - Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitario de Santiago, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Cátia F Monteiro
- CICECO - Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitario de Santiago, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Catarina A Custódio
- CICECO - Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitario de Santiago, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
- Metatissue, PCI · Creative Science Park Aveiro Region, Via do Conhecimento, Ílhavo, 3830-352, Portugal
| | - João Gil
- TEMA - Centre for Mechanical Technology and Automation, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
- CDRSP - Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development, Polytechnic of Leiria, Marinha Grande, 2430-028, Portugal
- INESC-MN - INESC Microsistemas e Nanotecnologia, Rua Alves Redol 9, Lisbon, 1000-029, Portugal
| | - Lina Papadimitriou
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH-IESL), Heraklion, Greece
| | - Anthi Ranella
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH-IESL), Heraklion, Greece
| | - Emmanuel Stratakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH-IESL), Heraklion, Greece
| | - João F Mano
- CDRSP - Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development, Polytechnic of Leiria, Marinha Grande, 2430-028, Portugal
| | - Paula A A P Marques
- TEMA - Centre for Mechanical Technology and Automation, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
- LASI - Intelligent Systems Associate Laboratory, Portugal
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2
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Das S, Thimukonda Jegadeesan J, Basu B. Advancing Peripheral Nerve Regeneration: 3D Bioprinting of GelMA-Based Cell-Laden Electroactive Bioinks for Nerve Conduits. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:1620-1645. [PMID: 38345020 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injuries often result in substantial impairment of the neurostimulatory organs. While the autograft is still largely used as the "gold standard" clinical treatment option, nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) are currently considered a promising approach for promoting peripheral nerve regeneration. While several attempts have been made to construct NGCs using various biomaterial combinations, a comprehensive exploration of the process science associated with three-dimensional (3D) extrusion printing of NGCs with clinically relevant sizes (length: 20 mm; diameter: 2-8 mm), while focusing on tunable buildability using electroactive biomaterial inks, remains unexplored. In addressing this gap, we present here the results of the viscoelastic properties of a range of a multifunctional gelatin methacrylate (GelMA)/poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA)/carbon nanofiber (CNF)/gellan gum (GG) hydrogel bioink formulations and printability assessment using experiments and quantitative models. Our results clearly established the positive impact of the gellan gum on the enhancement of the rheological properties. Interestingly, the strategic incorporation of PEGDA as a secondary cross-linker led to a remarkable enhancement in the strength and modulus by 3 and 8-fold, respectively. Moreover, conductive CNF addition resulted in a 4-fold improvement in measured electrical conductivity. The use of four-component electroactive biomaterial ink allowed us to obtain high neural cell viability in 3D bioprinted constructs. While the conventionally cast scaffolds can support the differentiation of neuro-2a cells, the most important result has been the excellent cell viability of neural cells in 3D encapsulated structures. Taken together, our findings demonstrate the potential of 3D bioprinting and multimodal biophysical cues in developing functional yet critical-sized nerve conduits for peripheral nerve tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumitra Das
- Laboratory for Biomaterials, Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | | | - Bikramjit Basu
- Laboratory for Biomaterials, Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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3
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Sacchi M, Sauter-Starace F, Mailley P, Texier I. Resorbable conductive materials for optimally interfacing medical devices with the living. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1294238. [PMID: 38449676 PMCID: PMC10916519 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1294238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Implantable and wearable bioelectronic systems are arising growing interest in the medical field. Linking the microelectronic (electronic conductivity) and biological (ionic conductivity) worlds, the biocompatible conductive materials at the electrode/tissue interface are key components in these systems. We herein focus more particularly on resorbable bioelectronic systems, which can safely degrade in the biological environment once they have completed their purpose, namely, stimulating or sensing biological activity in the tissues. Resorbable conductive materials are also explored in the fields of tissue engineering and 3D cell culture. After a short description of polymer-based substrates and scaffolds, and resorbable electrical conductors, we review how they can be combined to design resorbable conductive materials. Although these materials are still emerging, various medical and biomedical applications are already taking shape that can profoundly modify post-operative and wound healing follow-up. Future challenges and perspectives in the field are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Sacchi
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI-DTIS (Département des Technologies pour l’Innovation en Santé), Grenoble, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, JACOB-SEPIA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Fabien Sauter-Starace
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI-DTIS (Département des Technologies pour l’Innovation en Santé), Grenoble, France
| | - Pascal Mailley
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI-DTIS (Département des Technologies pour l’Innovation en Santé), Grenoble, France
| | - Isabelle Texier
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI-DTIS (Département des Technologies pour l’Innovation en Santé), Grenoble, France
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4
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Wang X, Yao X, Sun Z, Jin Y, Yan Z, Jiang H, Ouyang Y, Yuan WE, Wang C, Fan C. An extracellular matrix mimicking alginate hydrogel scaffold manipulates an inflammatory microenvironment and improves peripheral nerve regeneration by controlled melatonin release. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:11552-11561. [PMID: 37982207 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb01727c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Low efficiency of nerve growth and unstable release of loaded drugs have become a major problem in repairing peripheral nerve injury. Many intervention strategies were focused on simple drug loading, but have still been less effective. The key challenge is to establish a controlled release microenvironment to enable adequate nerve regeneration. In this study, we fabricate a multilayered compound nerve scaffold by electrospinning: with an anti-adhesive outer layer of polycaprolactone and an ECM-like inner layer consisting of a melatonin-loaded alginate hydrogel. We characterized the scaffold, and the loaded melatonin can be found to undergo controlled release. We applied them to a 15 mm rat model of sciatic nerve injury. After 16 weeks, the animals in each group were evaluated and compared for recovery of motor function, electrophysiology, target organ atrophy status, regenerative nerve morphology and relative protein expression levels of neural markers, inflammatory oxidative stress, and angiogenesis. We identify that the scaffold can improve functional ability evidenced by an increased sciatic functional index and nerve electrical conduction level. The antioxidant melatonin loaded in the scaffold reduces inflammation and oxidative stress in the reinnervated nerves, confirmed by increased HO-1 and decreased TNF-α levels in regenerating nerves. The relative expression of fast-type myosin was elevated in the target gastrocnemius muscle. An improvement in angiogenesis facilitates neurite extension and axonal sprouting. This scaffold can effectively restore the ECM-like microenvironment and improve the quality of nerve regeneration by controlled melatonin release, thus enlightening the design criteria on nerve scaffolds for peripheral nerve injury in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Orthopaedic Material Innovation and Tissue Regeneration, Shanghai, China
- Youth Science and Technology Innovation Studio of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangyun Yao
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Orthopaedic Material Innovation and Tissue Regeneration, Shanghai, China
- Youth Science and Technology Innovation Studio of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziyang Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Orthopaedic Material Innovation and Tissue Regeneration, Shanghai, China
- Youth Science and Technology Innovation Studio of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Jin
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, and School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhiwen Yan
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Orthopaedic Material Innovation and Tissue Regeneration, Shanghai, China
- Youth Science and Technology Innovation Studio of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiquan Jiang
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanming Ouyang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Orthopaedic Material Innovation and Tissue Regeneration, Shanghai, China
- Youth Science and Technology Innovation Studio of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-En Yuan
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, and School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Chunyang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Cunyi Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Orthopaedic Material Innovation and Tissue Regeneration, Shanghai, China
- Youth Science and Technology Innovation Studio of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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5
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Carnicer-Lombarte A, Barone DG, Wronowski F, Malliaras GG, Fawcett JW, Franze K. Regenerative capacity of neural tissue scales with changes in tissue mechanics post injury. Biomaterials 2023; 303:122393. [PMID: 37977006 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injuries have devastating consequences for humans, as mammalian neurons of the central nervous system (CNS) cannot regenerate. In the peripheral nervous system (PNS), however, neurons may regenerate to restore lost function following injury. While mammalian CNS tissue softens after injury, how PNS tissue mechanics changes in response to mechanical trauma is currently poorly understood. Here we characterised mechanical rat nerve tissue properties before and after in vivo crush and transection injuries using atomic force microscopy-based indentation measurements. Unlike CNS tissue, PNS tissue significantly stiffened after both types of tissue damage. This nerve tissue stiffening strongly correlated with an increase in collagen I levels. Schwann cells, which crucially support PNS regeneration, became more motile and proliferative on stiffer substrates in vitro, suggesting that changes in tissue stiffness may play a key role in facilitating or impeding nervous system regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Carnicer-Lombarte
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0PY, UK; Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3DY, UK; Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK.
| | - Damiano G Barone
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0PY, UK
| | - Filip Wronowski
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
| | - George G Malliaras
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
| | - James W Fawcett
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0PY, UK; Centre for Reconstructive Neuroscience, Institute for Experimental Medicine CAS, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kristian Franze
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3DY, UK; Institute of Medical Physics and Micro-Tissue Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052, Erlangen, Germany; Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
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6
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Burton A, Wang Z, Song D, Tran S, Hanna J, Ahmad D, Bakall J, Clausen D, Anderson J, Peralta R, Sandepudi K, Benedetto A, Yang E, Basrai D, Miller LE, Tresch MC, Gutruf P. Fully implanted battery-free high power platform for chronic spinal and muscular functional electrical stimulation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7887. [PMID: 38036552 PMCID: PMC10689769 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43669-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrical stimulation of the neuromuscular system holds promise for both scientific and therapeutic biomedical applications. Supplying and maintaining the power necessary to drive stimulation chronically is a fundamental challenge in these applications, especially when high voltages or currents are required. Wireless systems, in which energy is supplied through near field power transfer, could eliminate complications caused by battery packs or external connections, but currently do not provide the harvested power and voltages required for applications such as muscle stimulation. Here, we introduce a passive resonator optimized power transfer design that overcomes these limitations, enabling voltage compliances of ± 20 V and power over 300 mW at device volumes of 0.2 cm2, thereby improving power transfer 500% over previous systems. We show that this improved performance enables multichannel, biphasic, current-controlled operation at clinically relevant voltage and current ranges with digital control and telemetry in freely behaving animals. Preliminary chronic results indicate that implanted devices remain operational over 6 weeks in both intact and spinal cord injured rats and are capable of producing fine control of spinal and muscle stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Burton
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Zhong Wang
- Department of Neuroscience, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Dan Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Sam Tran
- Department of Neuroscience, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Jessica Hanna
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Dhrubo Ahmad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Jakob Bakall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - David Clausen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Jerry Anderson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Roberto Peralta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Kirtana Sandepudi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Alex Benedetto
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Ethan Yang
- Department of Neuroscience, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Diya Basrai
- Department of Neuroscience, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Lee E Miller
- Department of Neuroscience, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Matthew C Tresch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
| | - Philipp Gutruf
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
- Bio5 Institute and Department of Neurology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
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7
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Abstract
Advances in bioelectronic implants have been offering valuable chances to interface and modulate neural systems. Potential mismatches between bioelectronics and targeted neural tissues require devices to exhibit "tissue-like" properties for better implant-bio integration. In particular, mechanical mismatches pose a significant challenge. In the past years, efforts were made in both materials synthesis and device design to achieve bioelectronics mechanically and biochemically mimicking biological tissues. In this perspective, we mainly summarized recent progress of developing "tissue-like" bioelectronics and categorized them into different strategies. We also discussed how these "tissue-like" bioelectronics were utilized for modulating in vivo nervous systems and neural organoids. We concluded the perspective by proposing further directions including personalized bioelectronics, novel materials design and the involvement of artificial intelligence and robotic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changxu Sun
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Zhe Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jj Abu-Halimah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Bozhi Tian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- The James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- The Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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8
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Jerban S, Barrère V, Andre M, Chang EY, Shah SB. Quantitative Ultrasound Techniques Used for Peripheral Nerve Assessment. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:956. [PMID: 36900101 PMCID: PMC10000911 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13050956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM This review article describes quantitative ultrasound (QUS) techniques and summarizes their strengths and limitations when applied to peripheral nerves. METHODS A systematic review was conducted on publications after 1990 in Google Scholar, Scopus, and PubMed databases. The search terms "peripheral nerve", "quantitative ultrasound", and "elastography ultrasound" were used to identify studies related to this investigation. RESULTS Based on this literature review, QUS investigations performed on peripheral nerves can be categorized into three main groups: (1) B-mode echogenicity measurements, which are affected by a variety of post-processing algorithms applied during image formation and in subsequent B-mode images; (2) ultrasound (US) elastography, which examines tissue stiffness or elasticity through modalities such as strain ultrasonography or shear wave elastography (SWE). With strain ultrasonography, induced tissue strain, caused by internal or external compression stimuli that distort the tissue, is measured by tracking detectable speckles in the B-mode images. In SWE, the propagation speed of shear waves, generated by externally applied mechanical vibrations or internal US "push pulse" stimuli, is measured to estimate tissue elasticity; (3) the characterization of raw backscattered ultrasound radiofrequency (RF) signals, which provide fundamental ultrasonic tissue parameters, such as the acoustic attenuation and backscattered coefficients, that reflect tissue composition and microstructural properties. CONCLUSIONS QUS techniques allow the objective evaluation of peripheral nerves and reduce operator- or system-associated biases that can influence qualitative B-mode imaging. The application of QUS techniques to peripheral nerves, including their strengths and limitations, were described and discussed in this review to enhance clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Jerban
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Victor Barrère
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Michael Andre
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Eric Y. Chang
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Sameer B. Shah
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
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9
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Amagat J, Su Y, Svejsø FH, Le Friec A, Sønderskov SM, Dong M, Fang Y, Chen M. Self-snapping hydrogel-based electroactive microchannels as nerve guidance conduits. Mater Today Bio 2022; 16:100437. [PMID: 36193343 PMCID: PMC9526217 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve regeneration with large defects needs innovative design of nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) which possess anisotropic guidance, electrical induction and right mechanical properties in one. Herein, we present, for the first time, facile fabrication and efficient neural differentiation guidance of anisotropic, conductive, self-snapping, hydrogel-based NGCs. The hydrogels were fabricated via crosslinking of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) upon exposure with blue light, incorporated with graphene oxide (GO). Incorporation of GO and in situ reduction greatly enhanced surface charges, while decayed light penetration endowed the hydrogel with an intriguing self-snapping feature by the virtue of a crosslinking gradient. The hydrogels were in the optimal mechanical stiffness range for peripheral nerve regeneration and supported normal viability and proliferation of neural cells. The PC12 cells differentiated on the electroactive g-C3N4 H/rGO3 (3 mg/mL GO loading) hydrogel presented 47% longer neurite length than that of the pristine g-C3N4 H hydrogel. Furthermore, the NGC with aligned microchannels was successfully fabricated using sacrificial melt electrowriting (MEW) moulding, the anisotropic microchannels of the 10 μm width showed optimal neurite guidance. Such anisotropic, electroactive, self-snapping NGCs may possess great potential for repairing peripheral nerve injuries.
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10
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Development and In Vitro Differentiation of Schwann Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233753. [PMID: 36497014 PMCID: PMC9739763 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Schwann cells are glial cells of the peripheral nervous system. They exist in several subtypes and perform a variety of functions in nerves. Their derivation and culture in vitro are interesting for applications ranging from disease modeling to tissue engineering. Since primary human Schwann cells are challenging to obtain in large quantities, in vitro differentiation from other cell types presents an alternative. Here, we first review the current knowledge on the developmental signaling mechanisms that determine neural crest and Schwann cell differentiation in vivo. Next, an overview of studies on the in vitro differentiation of Schwann cells from multipotent stem cell sources is provided. The molecules frequently used in those protocols and their involvement in the relevant signaling pathways are put into context and discussed. Focusing on hiPSC- and hESC-based studies, different protocols are described and compared, regarding cell sources, differentiation methods, characterization of cells, and protocol efficiency. A brief insight into developments regarding the culture and differentiation of Schwann cells in 3D is given. In summary, this contribution provides an overview of the current resources and methods for the differentiation of Schwann cells, it supports the comparison and refinement of protocols and aids the choice of suitable methods for specific applications.
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11
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Akouissi O, Lacour SP, Micera S, DeSimone A. A finite element model of the mechanical interactions between peripheral nerves and intrafascicular implants. J Neural Eng 2022; 19. [PMID: 35861557 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ac7d0e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective.Intrafascicular peripheral nerve implants are key components in the development of bidirectional neuroprostheses such as touch-enabled bionic limbs for amputees. However, the durability of such interfaces is hindered by the immune response following the implantation. Among the causes linked to such reaction, the mechanical mismatch between host nerve and implant is thought to play a decisive role, especially in chronic settings.Approach.Here we focus on modeling mechanical stresses induced on the peripheral nerve by the implant's micromotion using finite element analysis. Through multiple parametric sweeps, we analyze the role of the implant's material, geometry (aspect-ratio and shape), and surface coating, deriving a set of parameters for the design of better-integrated implants.Main results.Our results indicate that peripheral nerve implants should be designed and manufactured with smooth edges, using materials at most three orders of magnitude stiffer than the nerve, and with innovative geometries to redistribute micromotion-associated loads to less delicate parts of the nerve such as the epineurium.Significance.Overall, our model is a useful tool for the peripheral nerve implant designer that is mindful of the importance of implant mechanics for long term applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Outman Akouissi
- Bertarelli Foundation Chair in Neuroprosthetic Technology, Laboratory for Soft Bioelectronic Interfaces, Neuro-X Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Geneva, 1202, Switzerland.,Bertarelli Foundation Chair in Translational Neuroengineering, Translational Neural Engineering Laboratory, Neuro-X Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Geneva, 1202, Switzerland
| | - Stéphanie P Lacour
- Bertarelli Foundation Chair in Neuroprosthetic Technology, Laboratory for Soft Bioelectronic Interfaces, Neuro-X Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Geneva, 1202, Switzerland
| | - Silvestro Micera
- Bertarelli Foundation Chair in Translational Neuroengineering, Translational Neural Engineering Laboratory, Neuro-X Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Geneva, 1202, Switzerland.,The Biorobotics Institute and Department of Excellence in Robotics & AI, Health Science Interdisciplinary Center, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonio DeSimone
- The Biorobotics Institute and Department of Excellence in Robotics & AI, Health Science Interdisciplinary Center, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy.,SISSA-International School for Advanced Studies, 34136 Trieste, Italy
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12
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Kong L, Gao X, Qian Y, Sun W, You Z, Fan C. Biomechanical microenvironment in peripheral nerve regeneration: from pathophysiological understanding to tissue engineering development. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:4993-5014. [PMID: 35836812 PMCID: PMC9274750 DOI: 10.7150/thno.74571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) caused by trauma, chronic disease and other factors may lead to partial or complete loss of sensory, motor and autonomic functions, as well as neuropathic pain. Biological activities are always accompanied by mechanical stimulation, and biomechanical microenvironmental homeostasis plays a complicated role in tissue repair and regeneration. Recent studies have focused on the effects of biomechanical microenvironment on peripheral nervous system development and function maintenance, as well as neural regrowth following PNI. For example, biomechanical factors-induced cluster gene expression changes contribute to formation of peripheral nerve structure and maintenance of physiological function. In addition, extracellular matrix and cell responses to biomechanical microenvironment alterations after PNI directly trigger a series of cascades for the well-organized peripheral nerve regeneration (PNR) process, where cell adhesion molecules, cytoskeletons and mechanically gated ion channels serve as mechanosensitive units, mechanical effector including focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and yes-associated protein (YAP)/transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) as mechanotransduction elements. With the rapid development of tissue engineering techniques, a substantial number of PNR strategies such as aligned nerve guidance conduits, three-dimensional topological designs and piezoelectric scaffolds emerge expected to improve the neural biomechanical microenvironment in case of PNI. These tissue engineering nerve grafts display optimized mechanical properties and outstanding mechanomodulatory effects, but a few bottlenecks restrict their application scenes. In this review, the current understanding in biomechanical microenvironment homeostasis associated with peripheral nerve function and PNR is integrated, where we proposed the importance of balances of mechanosensitive elements, cytoskeletal structures, mechanotransduction cascades, and extracellular matrix components; a wide variety of promising tissue engineering strategies based on biomechanical modulation are introduced with some suggestions and prospects for future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingchi Kong
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Orthopaedic Material Innovation and Tissue Regeneration, Shanghai, 200233, China.,Youth Science and Technology Innovation Studio of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Xin Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Belt and Road Joint Laboratory of Advanced Fiber and Low-dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Yun Qian
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Orthopaedic Material Innovation and Tissue Regeneration, Shanghai, 200233, China.,Youth Science and Technology Innovation Studio of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.,✉ Corresponding authors: Yun Qian, E-mail: ; Wei Sun, E-mail: ; Zhengwei You, E-mail: ; Cunyi Fan, E-mail:
| | - Wei Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Belt and Road Joint Laboratory of Advanced Fiber and Low-dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China.,✉ Corresponding authors: Yun Qian, E-mail: ; Wei Sun, E-mail: ; Zhengwei You, E-mail: ; Cunyi Fan, E-mail:
| | - Zhengwei You
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Belt and Road Joint Laboratory of Advanced Fiber and Low-dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China.,✉ Corresponding authors: Yun Qian, E-mail: ; Wei Sun, E-mail: ; Zhengwei You, E-mail: ; Cunyi Fan, E-mail:
| | - Cunyi Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Orthopaedic Material Innovation and Tissue Regeneration, Shanghai, 200233, China.,Youth Science and Technology Innovation Studio of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.,✉ Corresponding authors: Yun Qian, E-mail: ; Wei Sun, E-mail: ; Zhengwei You, E-mail: ; Cunyi Fan, E-mail:
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13
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Gregory E, Baek IH, Ala-Kokko N, Dugan R, Pinzon-Herrera L, Almodóvar J, Song YH. Peripheral Nerve Decellularization for In Vitro Extracellular Matrix Hydrogel Use: A Comparative Study. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:2574-2588. [PMID: 35649243 PMCID: PMC9983633 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The rise of tissue-engineered biomaterials has introduced more clinically translatable models of disease, including three-dimensional (3D) decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) hydrogels. Specifically, decellularized nerve hydrogels have been utilized to model peripheral nerve injuries and disorders in vitro; however, there lacks standardization in decellularization methods. Here, rat sciatic nerves of varying preparations were decellularized using previously established methods: sodium deoxycholate (SD)-based, 3-((3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio)-1-propanesulfonate (CHAPS)-based, and apoptosis-mediated. These nerves were characterized for cellular debris removal, ECM retention, and low cytotoxicity with cultured Schwann cells. The best preparations of each decellularization method were digested into dECM hydrogels, and rheological characterization, gelation kinetics, and confocal reflectance imaging of collagen fibril assembly were performed. It was determined that the SD-based method with nerve epineurial removal best maintained the overall ECM composition and mechanical properties of physiological peripheral nerves while efficiently stripping the scaffolds of tissue-specific cells and debris. This method was then utilized as a culture platform for quiescent Schwann cells and cancer-nerve crosstalk. Hydrogel-embedded Schwann cells were found to have high viability and act in a more physiologically relevant manner than those cultured in monolayers, and the hydrogel platform allowed for the activation of Schwann cells following treatment with cancer secreted factors. These findings establish a standard for peripheral nerve decellularization for usage as a dECM hydrogel testbed for in vitro peripheral nerve disease modeling and may facilitate the development of treatments for peripheral nerve disease and injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emory Gregory
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - In Ha Baek
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Nikolas Ala-Kokko
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Reagan Dugan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Luis Pinzon-Herrera
- Ralph E. Martin Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Jorge Almodóvar
- Ralph E. Martin Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Young Hye Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
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14
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Koppaka S, Hess-Dunning A, Tyler DJ. Biomechanical characterization of isolated epineurial and perineurial membranes of rabbit sciatic nerve. J Biomech 2022; 136:111058. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2022.111058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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15
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Tringides CM, Mooney DJ. Materials for Implantable Surface Electrode Arrays: Current Status and Future Directions. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2107207. [PMID: 34716730 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202107207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Surface electrode arrays are mainly fabricated from rigid or elastic materials, and precisely manipulated ductile metal films, which offer limited stretchability. However, the living tissues to which they are applied are nonlinear viscoelastic materials, which can undergo significant mechanical deformation in dynamic biological environments. Further, the same arrays and compositions are often repurposed for vastly different tissues rather than optimizing the materials and mechanical properties of the implant for the target application. By first characterizing the desired biological environment, and then designing a technology for a particular organ, surface electrode arrays may be more conformable, and offer better interfaces to tissues while causing less damage. Here, the various materials used in each component of a surface electrode array are first reviewed, and then electrically active implants in three specific biological systems, the nervous system, the muscular system, and skin, are described. Finally, the fabrication of next-generation surface arrays that overcome current limitations is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Tringides
- Harvard Program in Biophysics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division in Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - David J Mooney
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
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16
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Bousalis D, McCrary MW, Vaughn N, Hlavac N, Evering A, Kolli S, Song YH, Morley C, Angelini T, Schmidt CE. Decellularized peripheral nerve as an injectable delivery vehicle for neural applications. J Biomed Mater Res A 2022; 110:595-611. [PMID: 34590403 PMCID: PMC8742792 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Damage to the nervous system can result in loss of sensory and motor function, paralysis, or even death. To facilitate neural regeneration and functional recovery, researchers have employed biomaterials strategies to address both peripheral and central nervous system injuries. Injectable hydrogels that recapitulate native nerve extracellular matrix are especially promising for neural tissue engineering because they offer more flexibility for minimally invasive applications and provide a growth-permissive substrate for neural cell types. Here, we explore the development of injectable hydrogels derived from decellularized rat peripheral nerves (referred to as "injectable peripheral nerve [iPN] hydrogels"), which are processed using a newly developed sodium deoxycholate and DNase (SDD) decellularization method. We assess the gelation kinetics, mechanical properties, cell bioactivity, and drug release kinetics of the iPN hydrogels. The iPN hydrogels thermally gel when exposed to 37°C in under 20 min and have mechanical properties similar to neural tissue. The hydrogels demonstrate in vitro biocompatibility through support of Schwann cell viability and metabolic activity. Additionally, iPN hydrogels promote greater astrocyte spreading compared to collagen I hydrogels. Finally, the iPN is a promising delivery vehicle of drug-loaded microparticles for a combinatorial approach to neural injury therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanna Bousalis
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Michaela W. McCrary
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Natalie Vaughn
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Nora Hlavac
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Ashley Evering
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Shruti Kolli
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Young Hye Song
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR
| | - Cameron Morley
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Thomas Angelini
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Christine E. Schmidt
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
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17
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Varier P, Raju G, Madhusudanan P, Jerard C, Shankarappa SA. A Brief Review of In Vitro Models for Injury and Regeneration in the Peripheral Nervous System. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:816. [PMID: 35055003 PMCID: PMC8775373 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nerve axonal injury and associated cellular mechanisms leading to peripheral nerve damage are important topics of research necessary for reducing disability and enhancing quality of life. Model systems that mimic the biological changes that occur during human nerve injury are crucial for the identification of cellular responses, screening of novel therapeutic molecules, and design of neural regeneration strategies. In addition to in vivo and mathematical models, in vitro axonal injury models provide a simple, robust, and reductionist platform to partially understand nerve injury pathogenesis and regeneration. In recent years, there have been several advances related to in vitro techniques that focus on the utilization of custom-fabricated cell culture chambers, microfluidic chamber systems, and injury techniques such as laser ablation and axonal stretching. These developments seem to reflect a gradual and natural progression towards understanding molecular and signaling events at an individual axon and neuronal-soma level. In this review, we attempt to categorize and discuss various in vitro models of injury relevant to the peripheral nervous system and highlight their strengths, weaknesses, and opportunities. Such models will help to recreate the post-injury microenvironment and aid in the development of therapeutic strategies that can accelerate nerve repair.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sahadev A. Shankarappa
- Centre for Nanosciences & Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 682041, India; (P.V.); (G.R.); (P.M.); (C.J.)
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18
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Rosso G, Wehner D, Schweitzer C, Möllmert S, Sock E, Guck J, Shahin V. Matrix stiffness mechanosensing modulates the expression and distribution of transcription factors in Schwann cells. Bioeng Transl Med 2022; 7:e10257. [PMID: 35079632 PMCID: PMC8780053 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
After peripheral nerve injury, mature Schwann cells (SCs) de-differentiate and undergo cell reprogramming to convert into a specialized cell repair phenotype that promotes nerve regeneration. Reprogramming of SCs into the repair phenotype is tightly controlled at the genome level and includes downregulation of pro-myelinating genes and activation of nerve repair-associated genes. Nerve injuries induce not only biochemical but also mechanical changes in the tissue architecture which impact SCs. Recently, we showed that SCs mechanically sense the stiffness of the extracellular matrix and that SC mechanosensitivity modulates their morphology and migratory behavior. Here, we explore the expression levels of key transcription factors and myelin-associated genes in SCs, and the outgrowth of primary dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurites, in response to changes in the stiffness of generated matrices. The selected stiffness range matches the physiological conditions of both utilized cell types as determined in our previous investigations. We find that stiffer matrices induce upregulation of the expression of transcription factors Sox2, Oct6, and Krox20, and concomitantly reduce the expression of the repair-associated transcription factor c-Jun, suggesting a link between SC substrate mechanosensing and gene expression regulation. Likewise, DRG neurite outgrowth correlates with substrate stiffness. The remarkable intrinsic physiological plasticity of SCs, and the mechanosensitivity of SCs and neurites, may be exploited in the design of bioengineered scaffolds that promote nerve regeneration upon injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Rosso
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of LightErlangenGermany
- Max‐Planck‐Zentrum für Physik und MedizinErlangenGermany
- Institute of Physiology II, University of MünsterMünsterGermany
| | - Daniel Wehner
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of LightErlangenGermany
- Max‐Planck‐Zentrum für Physik und MedizinErlangenGermany
| | - Christine Schweitzer
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of LightErlangenGermany
- Max‐Planck‐Zentrum für Physik und MedizinErlangenGermany
| | - Stephanie Möllmert
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of LightErlangenGermany
- Max‐Planck‐Zentrum für Physik und MedizinErlangenGermany
| | - Elisabeth Sock
- Institute of Biochemistry, FAU Erlangen‐NürnbergErlangenGermany
| | - Jochen Guck
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of LightErlangenGermany
- Max‐Planck‐Zentrum für Physik und MedizinErlangenGermany
- Department of PhysicsFAU Erlangen‐NürnbergErlangenGermany
| | - Victor Shahin
- Institute of Physiology II, University of MünsterMünsterGermany
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19
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Nelson DW, Gilbert RJ. Extracellular Matrix-Mimetic Hydrogels for Treating Neural Tissue Injury: A Focus on Fibrin, Hyaluronic Acid, and Elastin-Like Polypeptide Hydrogels. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2101329. [PMID: 34494398 PMCID: PMC8599642 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202101329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Neurological and functional recovery is limited following central nervous system injury and severe injury to the peripheral nervous system. Extracellular matrix (ECM)-mimetic hydrogels are of particular interest as regenerative scaffolds for the injured nervous system as they provide 3D bioactive interfaces that modulate cellular response to the injury environment and provide naturally degradable scaffolding for effective tissue remodeling. In this review, three unique ECM-mimetic hydrogels used in models of neural injury are reviewed: fibrin hydrogels, which rely on a naturally occurring enzymatic gelation, hyaluronic acid hydrogels, which require chemical modification prior to chemical crosslinking, and elastin-like polypeptide (ELP) hydrogels, which exhibit a temperature-sensitive gelation. The hydrogels are reviewed by summarizing their unique biological properties, their use as drug depots, and their combination with other biomaterials, such as electrospun fibers and nanoparticles. This review is the first to focus on these three ECM-mimetic hydrogels for their use in neural tissue engineering. Additionally, this is the first review to summarize the use of ELP hydrogels for nervous system applications. ECM-mimetic hydrogels have shown great promise in preclinical models of neural injury and future advancements in their design and use can likely lead to viable treatments for patients with neural injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek W Nelson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th St, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Ryan J Gilbert
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th St, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
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20
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Wang Y, Liang R, Lin J, Chen J, Zhang Q, Li J, Wang M, Hui X, Tan H, Fu Q. Biodegradable polyurethane nerve guide conduits with different moduli influence axon regeneration in transected peripheral nerve injury. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:7979-7990. [PMID: 34612287 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb01236c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Nerve guide conduits (NGCs) can replace autogenous nerve grafting in the treatment of peripheral nerve system (PNS) injury. However, the modulus of polyurethane NGCs that affects the outcome of PNS repair has been rarely elucidated in vivo. In this study, we developed biodegradable waterborne polyurethane (BWPU) NGCs with an outer BWPU membrane and an inner three-dimensional scaffold structure. The mechanical properties of BWPU NGCs can be modified by adjusting the molar content of polyethylene glycol (PEG) in the soft segments within the BWPU. Two types of BWPU NGCs with different moduli were prepared, containing 17% and 25% PEG in BWPU (termed as BWPU 17 NGCs and BWPU 25 NGCs, respectively). In rat sciatic nerves with 10-mm transected injury, mechanically stronger BWPU 17 NGCs exhibited superior nerve repair, which was similar to that obtained by the current gold standard autograft implantation, whereas weaker BWPU 25 NGCs displayed an unsatisfactory effect. Histological results revealed that both BWPU NGCs had anti-inflammatory effects and altered the activation state of macrophages to M2 phenotypes to enhance PNS regeneration. The analysis of growth-associated protein 43 expression, which regulates axon growth, revealed that the mechanical properties of BWPU NGCs influence the outcome of PNS regeneration by affecting the formation and extension of axons. These findings suggest that the mechanical properties of NGCs could play a key role in regulating PNS repair and should be considered in future biomaterial NGC designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610000, China.
| | - Ruichao Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610000, China.
| | - Jingjing Lin
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Med-X center of materials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China.
| | - Jinlin Chen
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Med-X center of materials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China.
| | - Qiao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610000, China.
| | - Jiehua Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Med-X center of materials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China.
| | - Minjin Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
| | - Xuhui Hui
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610000, China.
| | - Hong Tan
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Med-X center of materials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China.
| | - Qiang Fu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Med-X center of materials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China.
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21
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Merryweather D, Moxon SR, Capel AJ, Hooper NM, Lewis MP, Roach P. Impact of type-1 collagen hydrogel density on integrin-linked morphogenic response of SH-SY5Y neuronal cells. RSC Adv 2021; 11:33124-33135. [PMID: 35493559 PMCID: PMC9042137 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05257h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular metabolism and behaviour is closely linked to cytoskeletal tension and scaffold mechanics. In the developing nervous system functional connectivity is controlled by the interplay between chemical and mechanical cues that initiate programs of cell behaviour. Replication of functional connectivity in neuronal populations in vitro has proven a technical challenge due to the absence of many systems of biomechanical regulation that control directional outgrowth in vivo. Here, a 3D culture system is explored by dilution of a type I collagen hydrogel to produce variation in gel stiffness. Hydrogel scaffold remodelling was found to be linked to gel collagen concentration, with a greater degree of gel contraction occurring at lower concentrations. Gel mechanics were found to evolve over the culture period according to collagen concentration. Less concentrated gels reduced in stiffness, whilst a biphasic pattern of increasing and then decreasing stiffness was observed at higher concentrations. Analysis of these cultures by PCR revealed a program of shifting integrin expression and highly variable activity in key morphogenic signal pathways, such as mitogen-associated protein kinase, indicating genetic impact of biomaterial interactions via mechano-regulation. Gel contraction at lower concentrations was also found to be accompanied by an increase in average collagen fibre diameter. Minor changes in biomaterial mechanics result in significant changes in programmed cell behaviour, resulting in adoption of markedly different cell morphologies and ability to remodel the scaffold. Advanced understanding of cell-biomaterial interactions, over short and long-term culture, is of critical importance in the development of novel tissue engineering strategies for the fabrication of biomimetic 3D neuro-tissue constructs. Simple methods of tailoring the initial mechanical environment presented to SH-SY5Y populations in 3D can lead to significantly different programs of network development over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Merryweather
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University Leicestershire LE11 3TU UK
| | - S R Moxon
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - A J Capel
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine (NCSEM), School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University Leicestershire LE11 3TU UK
| | - N M Hooper
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - M P Lewis
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine (NCSEM), School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University Leicestershire LE11 3TU UK
| | - P Roach
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University Leicestershire LE11 3TU UK
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22
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Suhar RA, Marquardt LM, Song S, Buabbas H, Doulames VM, Johansson PK, Klett KC, Dewi RE, Enejder AMK, Plant GW, George PM, Heilshorn SC. Elastin-like Proteins to Support Peripheral Nerve Regeneration in Guidance Conduits. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:4209-4220. [PMID: 34510904 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) offer an alternative to harvested nerve grafts for treating peripheral nerve injury (PNI). NGCs have been made from both naturally derived and synthesized materials. While naturally derived materials typically have an increased capacity for bioactivity, synthesized materials have better material control, including tunability and reproducibility. Protein engineering is an alternative strategy that can bridge the benefits of these two classes of materials by designing cell-responsive materials that are also systematically tunable and consistent. Here, we tested a recombinantly derived elastin-like protein (ELP) hydrogel as an intraluminal filler in a rat sciatic nerve injury model. We demonstrated that ELPs enhance the probability of forming a tissue bridge between the proximal and distal nerve stumps compared to an empty silicone conduit across the length of a 10 mm nerve gap. These tissue bridges have evidence of myelinated axons, and electrophysiology demonstrated that regenerated axons innervated distal muscle groups. Animals implanted with an ELP-filled conduit had statistically higher functional control at 6 weeks than those that had received an empty silicone conduit, as evaluated by the sciatic functional index. Taken together, our data support the conclusion that ELPs support peripheral nerve regeneration in acute complete transection injuries when used as an intraluminal filler. These results support the further study of protein engineered recombinant ELP hydrogels as a reproducible, off-the-shelf alternative for regeneration of peripheral nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riley A Suhar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Laura M Marquardt
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States.,Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Shang Song
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Hana Buabbas
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Vanessa M Doulames
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Patrik K Johansson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Katarina C Klett
- Program in Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Ruby E Dewi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Annika M K Enejder
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Giles W Plant
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Paul M George
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States.,Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Sarah C Heilshorn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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23
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Veith A, Li X, Modi H, Abbaspour A, Luan L, Xie C, Baker AB. Optimized design of a hyperflexible sieve electrode to enhance neurovascular regeneration for a peripheral neural interface. Biomaterials 2021; 275:120924. [PMID: 34147716 PMCID: PMC9939235 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
One in 190 Americans is currently living with the loss of a limb resulted from injury, amputation, or neurodegenerative disease. Advanced neuroprosthetic devices combine peripheral neural interfaces with sophisticated prosthetics and hold great potential for the rehabilitation of impaired motor and sensory functions. While robotic prosthetics have advanced very rapidly, peripheral neural interfaces have long been limited by the capability of interfacing with the peripheral nervous system. In this work, we developed a hyperflexible regenerative sieve electrode to serve as a peripheral neural interface. We examined tissue neurovascular integration through this novel device. We demonstrated that we could enhance the neurovascular invasion through the device with directional growth factor delivery. Furthermore, we demonstrated that we could reduce the tissue reaction to the device often seen in peripheral neural interfaces. Finally, we show that we can create a stable tissue device interface in a long-term implantation that does not impede the normal regenerative processes of the nerve. Our study developed an optimal platform for the continued development of hyperflexible sieve electrode peripheral neural interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin Veith
- The University of Texas at Austin, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Austin, TX
| | - Xue Li
- Rice University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Houston, TX
| | - Hailey Modi
- The University of Texas at Austin, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Austin, TX
| | - Ali Abbaspour
- The University of Texas at Austin, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Austin, TX
| | - Lan Luan
- Rice University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Houston, TX
| | - Chong Xie
- Rice University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Houston, TX
| | - Aaron B. Baker
- The University of Texas at Austin, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Austin, TX,Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX,Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX,Institute for Biomaterials, Drug Delivery and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
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24
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Xu Z, Orkwis JA, Harris GM. Cell Shape and Matrix Stiffness Impact Schwann Cell Plasticity via YAP/TAZ and Rho GTPases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094821. [PMID: 34062912 PMCID: PMC8124465 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Schwann cells (SCs) are a highly plastic cell type capable of undergoing phenotypic changes following injury or disease. SCs are able to upregulate genes associated with nerve regeneration and ultimately achieve functional recovery. During the regeneration process, the extracellular matrix (ECM) and cell morphology play a cooperative, critical role in regulating SCs, and therefore highly impact nerve regeneration outcomes. However, the roles of the ECM and mechanotransduction relating to SC phenotype are largely unknown. Here, we describe the role that matrix stiffness and cell morphology play in SC phenotype specification via known mechanotransducers YAP/TAZ and RhoA. Using engineered microenvironments to precisely control ECM stiffness, cell shape, and cell spreading, we show that ECM stiffness and SC spreading downregulated SC regenerative associated proteins by the activation of RhoA and YAP/TAZ. Additionally, cell elongation promoted a distinct SC regenerative capacity by the upregulation of Rac1/MKK7/JNK, both necessary for the ECM and morphology changes found during nerve regeneration. These results confirm the role of ECM signaling in peripheral nerve regeneration as well as provide insight to the design of future biomaterials and cellular therapies for peripheral nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyuan Xu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA; (Z.X.); (J.A.O.)
| | - Jacob A. Orkwis
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA; (Z.X.); (J.A.O.)
| | - Greg M. Harris
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA; (Z.X.); (J.A.O.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(513)-556-4167
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25
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Abstract
Peripheral nerve interfaces (PNIs) record and/or modulate neural activity of nerves, which are responsible for conducting sensory-motor information to and from the central nervous system, and for regulating the activity of inner organs. PNIs are used both in neuroscience research and in therapeutical applications such as precise closed-loop control of neuroprosthetic limbs, treatment of neuropathic pain and restoration of vital functions (e.g. breathing and bladder management). Implantable interfaces represent an attractive solution to directly access peripheral nerves and provide enhanced selectivity both in recording and in stimulation, compared to their non-invasive counterparts. Nevertheless, the long-term functionality of implantable PNIs is limited by tissue damage, which occurs at the implant-tissue interface, and is thus highly dependent on material properties, biocompatibility and implant design. Current research focuses on the development of mechanically compliant PNIs, which adapt to the anatomy and dynamic movements of nerves in the body thereby limiting foreign body response. In this paper, we review recent progress in the development of flexible and implantable PNIs, highlighting promising solutions related to materials selection and their associated fabrication methods, and integrated functions. We report on the variety of available interface designs (intraneural, extraneural and regenerative) and different modulation techniques (electrical, optical, chemical) emphasizing the main challenges associated with integrating such systems on compliant substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Paggi
- Bertarelli Foundation Chair in Neuroprosthetic Technology, Laboratory for Soft Bioelectronic Interfaces, Institute of Microengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, Centre for Neuroprosthetics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1202 Geneva, Switzerland. Equally contributing authors
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26
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Babaliari E, Kavatzikidou P, Mitraki A, Papaharilaou Y, Ranella A, Stratakis E. Combined effect of shear stress and laser-patterned topography on Schwann cell outgrowth: synergistic or antagonistic? Biomater Sci 2021; 9:1334-1344. [PMID: 33367414 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01218a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Although the peripheral nervous system exhibits a higher rate of regeneration than that of the central nervous system through a spontaneous regeneration after injury, the functional recovery is fairly infrequent and misdirected. Thus, the development of successful methods to guide neuronal outgrowth, in vitro, is of great importance. In this study, a precise flow controlled microfluidic system with specific custom-designed chambers, incorporating laser-microstructured polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates comprising microgrooves, was fabricated to assess the combined effect of shear stress and topography on Schwann cells' behavior. The microgrooves were positioned either parallel or perpendicular to the direction of the flow inside the chambers. Additionally, the cell culture results were combined with computational flow simulations to calculate accurately the shear stress values. Our results demonstrated that wall shear stress gradients may be acting either synergistically or antagonistically depending on the substrate groove orientation relative to the flow direction. The ability to control cell alignment in vitro could potentially be used in the fields of neural tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftheria Babaliari
- Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (F.O.R.T.H.), Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (I.E.S.L.) Vassilika Vouton, 70013 Heraklion, Greece.
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27
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Cai L, Gutruf P. Soft, Wireless and subdermally implantable recording and neuromodulation tools. J Neural Eng 2021; 18. [PMID: 33607646 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/abe805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Progress in understanding neuronal interaction and circuit behavior of the central and peripheral nervous system strongly relies on the advancement of tools that record and stimulate with high fidelity and specificity. Currently, devices used in exploratory research predominantly utilize cables or tethers to provide pathways for power supply, data communication, stimulus delivery and recording, which constrains the scope and use of such devices. In particular, the tethered connection, mechanical mismatch to surrounding soft tissues and bones frustrate the interface leading to irritation and limitation of motion of the subject, which in the case of fundamental and preclinical studies, impacts naturalistic behaviors of animals and precludes the use in experiments involving social interaction and ethologically relevant three-dimensional environments, limiting the use of current tools to mostly rodents and exclude species such as birds and fish. This review explores the current state-of-the-art in wireless, subdermally implantable tools that quantitively expand capabilities in analysis and perturbation of the central and peripheral nervous system by removing tethers and externalized features of implantable neuromodulation and recording tools. Specifically, the review explores power harvesting strategies, wireless communication schemes, and soft materials and mechanics that enable the creation of such devices and discuss their capabilities in the context of freely-behaving subjects. Highlights of this class of devices includes wireless battery-free and fully implantable operation with capabilities in cell specific recording, multimodal neural stimulation and electrical, optogenetic and pharmacological neuromodulation capabilities. We conclude with discussion on translation of such technologies which promises routes towards broad dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Cai
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, 1230 N Cherry Ave., Tucson, Arizona, 85719, UNITED STATES
| | - Philipp Gutruf
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, 1230 N Cherry Ave., Tucson, Arizona, 85719, UNITED STATES
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28
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Muppirala AN, Limbach LE, Bradford EF, Petersen SC. Schwann cell development: From neural crest to myelin sheath. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2020; 10:e398. [PMID: 33145925 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Vertebrate nervous system function requires glial cells, including myelinating glia that insulate axons and provide trophic support that allows for efficient signal propagation by neurons. In vertebrate peripheral nervous systems, neural crest-derived glial cells known as Schwann cells (SCs) generate myelin by encompassing and iteratively wrapping membrane around single axon segments. SC gliogenesis and neurogenesis are intimately linked and governed by a complex molecular environment that shapes their developmental trajectory. Changes in this external milieu drive developing SCs through a series of distinct morphological and transcriptional stages from the neural crest to a variety of glial derivatives, including the myelinating sublineage. Cues originate from the extracellular matrix, adjacent axons, and the developing SC basal lamina to trigger intracellular signaling cascades and gene expression changes that specify stages and transitions in SC development. Here, we integrate the findings from in vitro neuron-glia co-culture experiments with in vivo studies investigating SC development, particularly in zebrafish and mouse, to highlight critical factors that specify SC fate. Ultimately, we connect classic biochemical and mutant studies with modern genetic and visualization tools that have elucidated the dynamics of SC development. This article is categorized under: Signaling Pathways > Cell Fate Signaling Nervous System Development > Vertebrates: Regional Development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anoohya N Muppirala
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Kenyon College, Gambier, Ohio, USA
| | | | | | - Sarah C Petersen
- Department of Neuroscience, Kenyon College, Gambier, Ohio, USA.,Department of Biology, Kenyon College, Gambier, Ohio, USA
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29
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Bordoni B. The Five Diaphragms in Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine: Neurological Relationships, Part 2. Cureus 2020; 12:e8713. [PMID: 32699708 PMCID: PMC7372241 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.8713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The main objective of the osteopath and that of osteopathic manipulative medicine (OMM) is to create space between the different tissues. The sliding capacity of the various tissue layers and between the different body components, up to the possibility of movement between cells is the salutogenic stimulus to allow the circulation of fluids, the biochemical exchange, and the adequate management of the multiple internal and external stimuli that perturb the body living. Movement is allowed by space and space is life. In this second part, the exposure of the anatomical neurological relationships of the five diaphragms continues, highlighting the relationships of the thoracic outlet, the respiratory diaphragm, and the pelvic floor. Finally, there will be clinical reflections to further corroborate the existence of the anatomical continuum and to lay the scientific foundations for an OMM approach to body diaphragms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Bordoni
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Foundation Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan, ITA
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30
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Association of microtubules and axonal RNA transferred from myelinating Schwann cells in rat sciatic nerve. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233651. [PMID: 32469980 PMCID: PMC7259579 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Transference of RNAs and ribosomes from Schwann cell-to-axon was demonstrated in normal and regenerating peripheral nerves. Previously, we have shown that RNAs transfer is dependent on F-actin cytoskeleton and Myosin Va. Here, we explored the contribution of microtubules to newly synthesized RNAs transport from Schwann cell nuclei up to nodal microvilli in sciatic nerves. Results using immunohistochemistry and quantitative confocal FRET analysis indicate that Schwann cell-derived RNAs co-localize with microtubules in Schwann cell cytoplasm. Additionally, transport of Schwann cell-derived RNAs is nocodazole and colchicine sensitive demonstrating its dependence on microtubule network integrity. Moreover, mRNAs codifying neuron-specific proteins are among Schwann cell newly synthesized RNAs population, and some of them are associated with KIF1B and KIF5B microtubules-based motors.
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