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Jötten AM, Schepp A, Machon A, Moll K, Wahlgren M, Krüger T, Westerhausen C. Survival of P. falciparum infected red blood cell aggregates in elongational shear flow. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:787-797. [PMID: 38204325 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00552f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Rosetting, the formation of red blood cell aggregates, is a life-threatening condition in malaria tropica and not yet fully understood. We study rosette stability using a set of microfluidic stenotic channels, with varied narrowing angle and erythrocytes of blood groups O and A. We find reduced ability of a rosette to pass a stenosis without disruption, the longer the tapered part of the constriction and the narrower the stenosis is. In general, this ability increases with rosette size and is 5-15% higher in blood group A. The experimental results are substantiated by equivalent experiments using lectin-induced red blood cell aggregates and a simulation of the underlying protein binding kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Jötten
- Institute of Physics, University of Augsburg, 86159 Augsburg, Germany.
- Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Anabelle Schepp
- Institute of Physics, University of Augsburg, 86159 Augsburg, Germany.
| | - Adam Machon
- School of Engineering, Institute for Multiscale Thermofluids, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FB, UK
| | - Kirsten Moll
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mats Wahlgren
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Timm Krüger
- School of Engineering, Institute for Multiscale Thermofluids, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FB, UK
| | - Christoph Westerhausen
- Institute of Physics, University of Augsburg, 86159 Augsburg, Germany.
- Physiology, Institute of Theoretical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, 86159 Augsburg, Germany
- Center for Advanced Analytics and Predicitve Sciences, University of Augsburg, 86159 Augsburg, Germany
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Walker IS, Rogerson SJ. Pathogenicity and virulence of malaria: Sticky problems and tricky solutions. Virulence 2023; 14:2150456. [PMID: 36419237 PMCID: PMC9815252 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2022.2150456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections with Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax cause over 600,000 deaths each year, concentrated in Africa and in young children, but much of the world's population remain at risk of infection. In this article, we review the latest developments in the immunogenicity and pathogenesis of malaria, with a particular focus on P. falciparum, the leading malaria killer. Pathogenic factors include parasite-derived toxins and variant surface antigens on infected erythrocytes that mediate sequestration in the deep vasculature. Host response to parasite toxins and to variant antigens is an important determinant of disease severity. Understanding how parasites sequester, and how antibody to variant antigens could prevent sequestration, may lead to new approaches to treat and prevent disease. Difficulties in malaria diagnosis, drug resistance, and specific challenges of treating P. vivax pose challenges to malaria elimination, but vaccines and other preventive strategies may offer improved disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isobel S Walker
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne, The Doherty Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stephen J Rogerson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne, The Doherty Institute, Melbourne, Australia
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Opi DH, Ndila CM, Uyoga S, Macharia AW, Fennell C, Ochola LB, Nyutu G, Siddondo BR, Ojal J, Shebe M, Awuondo KO, Mturi N, Peshu N, Tsofa B, Band G, Maitland K, Kwiatkowski DP, Rockett KA, Williams TN, Rowe JA. Non-O ABO blood group genotypes differ in their associations with Plasmodium falciparum rosetting and severe malaria. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010910. [PMID: 37708213 PMCID: PMC10522014 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood group O is associated with protection against severe malaria and reduced size and stability of P. falciparum-host red blood cell (RBC) rosettes compared to non-O blood groups. Whether the non-O blood groups encoded by the specific ABO genotypes AO, BO, AA, BB and AB differ in their associations with severe malaria and rosetting is unknown. The A and B antigens are host RBC receptors for rosetting, hence we hypothesized that the higher levels of A and/or B antigen on RBCs from AA, BB and AB genotypes compared to AO/BO genotypes could lead to larger rosettes, increased microvascular obstruction and higher risk of malaria pathology. We used a case-control study of Kenyan children and in vitro adhesion assays to test the hypothesis that "double dose" non-O genotypes (AA, BB, AB) are associated with increased risk of severe malaria and larger rosettes than "single dose" heterozygotes (AO, BO). In the case-control study, compared to OO, the double dose genotypes consistently had higher odds ratios (OR) for severe malaria than single dose genotypes, with AB (OR 1.93) and AO (OR 1.27) showing most marked difference (p = 0.02, Wald test). In vitro experiments with blood group A-preferring P. falciparum parasites showed that significantly larger rosettes were formed with AA and AB host RBCs compared to OO, whereas AO and BO genotypes rosettes were indistinguishable from OO. Overall, the data show that ABO genotype influences P. falciparum rosetting and support the hypothesis that double dose non-O genotypes confer a greater risk of severe malaria than AO/BO heterozygosity.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Herbert Opi
- Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
- Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Carolyne M. Ndila
- Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Sophie Uyoga
- Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Alex W. Macharia
- Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Clare Fennell
- Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy B. Ochola
- Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Gideon Nyutu
- Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Bethseba R. Siddondo
- Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - John Ojal
- Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Mohammed Shebe
- Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Kennedy O. Awuondo
- Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Neema Mturi
- Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Norbert Peshu
- Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Benjamin Tsofa
- Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Gavin Band
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn Maitland
- Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
- Institute for Global Health Innovation, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Thomas N. Williams
- Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
- Institute for Global Health Innovation, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - J. Alexandra Rowe
- Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Lee WC, Russell B, Rénia L. Evolving perspectives on rosetting in malaria. Trends Parasitol 2022; 38:882-889. [PMID: 36031553 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The ability of the intraerythrocytic Plasmodium spp. to form spontaneous rosettes with uninfected red blood cells (URBCs) has been observed in the medically important malaria parasites. Since the discovery of rosettes in the late 1980s, different formation mechanisms and pathobiological roles have been postulated for rosetting; most of which have focused on Plasmodium falciparum. Recent breakthroughs, including new data from Plasmodium vivax, have highlighted the multifaceted roles of rosetting in the immunopathobiology and the development of drug resistance in human malaria. Here, we provide new perspectives on the formation and the role of rosetting in malaria rheopathobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenn-Chyau Lee
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.
| | - Bruce Russell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand
| | - Laurent Rénia
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore; School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
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Bandoh B, Kyei-Baafour E, Aculley B, van der Puije W, Tornyigah B, Akyea-Mensah K, Hviid L, Ngala RA, Frempong MT, Ofori MF. Influence of α2-Macroglobulin, Anti-Parasite IgM and ABO Blood Group on Rosetting in Plasmodium falciparum Clinical Isolates and Their Associations with Disease Severity in a Ghanaian Population. J Blood Med 2022; 13:151-164. [PMID: 35330697 PMCID: PMC8939864 DOI: 10.2147/jbm.s329177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The severity of Plasmodium falciparum infections is associated with the ability of the infected red blood cells to cytoadhere to host vascular endothelial surfaces and to uninfected RBCs. Host blood group antigens and two serum proteins α2-macroglobulin (α2M) and IgM have been implicated in rosette formation in laboratory-adapted P. falciparum. However, there is only limited information about these phenotypes in clinical isolates. Methods This was a hospital-based study involving children under 12 years-of-age reporting to the Hohoe Municipal Hospital with different clinical presentations of malaria. Parasite isolates were grown and rosette capabilities and characteristics were investigated by fluorescence microscopy. α2M and IgM were detected by ELISA. Results Rosette formation was observed in 46.8% (75/160) of the parasite isolates from all the blood groups tested. Rosettes were more prevalent (55%) among isolates from patients with severe malaria compared to isolates from patients with uncomplicated malaria (45%). Rosette prevalence was highest (30%) among patients with blood group O (30%) and B (29%), while the mean rosette frequency was higher in isolates from patients with blood group A (28.7). Rosette formation correlated negatively with age (r = −0.09, P= 0.008). Participants with severe malaria had a lower IgM concentration (3.683±3.553) than those with uncomplicated malaria (5.256±4.294) and the difference was significant (P= 0.0228). The mean concentrations of anti-parasite IgM measured among the clinical isolates which formed rosettes was lower (4.2 ±3.930 mg/mL), than that in the non rosetting clinical isolates (4.604 ±4.159 mg/mL) but the difference was not significant (P=0.2733). There was no significant difference in plasma α2M concentration between rosetting and non rosetting isolates (P=0.442). Conclusion P. falciparum parasite rosette formation was affected by blood group type and plasma concentration of IgM. A lower IgM concentration was associated with severe malaria whilst a higher α2M concentration was associated with uncomplicated malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty Bandoh
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
- Department of Immunology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Eric Kyei-Baafour
- Department of Immunology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Belinda Aculley
- Department of Immunology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - William van der Puije
- Department of Immunology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Bernard Tornyigah
- Department of Immunology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Kwadwo Akyea-Mensah
- Department of Immunology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Lars Hviid
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Robert A Ngala
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Margaret T Frempong
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Michael F Ofori
- Department of Immunology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- Correspondence: Michael F Ofori, Department of Immunology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Post Office Box LG581, Legon, Accra, Ghana, Tel +233 244 715975, Fax +233 302 502182, Email
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Atanu FO, Rotimi D, Ilesanmi OB, Al Malki JS, Batiha GE, Idakwoji PA. Hydroethanolic Extracts of Senna alata Leaves Possess Antimalarial Effects and Reverses Haematological and Biochemical Pertubation in Plasmodium berghei-infected Mice. J Evid Based Integr Med 2022; 27:2515690X221116407. [PMID: 35929106 PMCID: PMC9358563 DOI: 10.1177/2515690x221116407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The current work investigated the chemical profile, antimalarial potential and capacity of hydroethanolic Senna alata extract (SAE) to reverse hematological and biochemical pertubation in Plasmodium berghei infected mice. Results of the phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, tannins, terpenoids, saponins, steroids and cardiac glycosides. Total phenolic and flavonoid content was estimated to be 45.29 ± 2.34 mg GAE/g and 25.22 ± 2.26 mg QE/g respectively. In vitro analysis of the extract also confirmed its antioxidant property. Results of the test for prophylaxis of P. berghei indicated that SAE suppressed parasitemia significantly in treated groups in a dose dependent manner when compared with negative control group. Similarly, SAE improved the mean survival time (MST) and packed cell volume (PCV) of infected mice. The test for curative effect showed that SAE significantly suppressed parasitemia to 4.50 ± 1.05% compared to untreated group 29.83 ± 3.49%. Results of liver and kidney functions indices of treated animals indicated that whereas infection with P. berghei caused increase in the levels of AST, ALT, ALP, urea and creatinine, treatment with SAE significantly reversed the perturbation. Similarly, infected mice were dyslipidemic with concomitant increased activity of HMG CoA reductase and decreased activity of antioxidant enzymes with increase in lipid peroxides levels. However, these alterations were significantly reversed by administration of SAE. Results of this study shows that Senna alata possess antimalarial activity and therefore justify the traditional use of plant for the treatment of malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis O Atanu
- Department of Biochemistry, 223207Faculty of Natural Sciences, Kogi State University, Anyigba, Nigeria
| | - Damilare Rotimi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, 233773Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - Omotayo B Ilesanmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Federal University Otuoke, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria
| | - Jamila S Al Malki
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, 125895Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gaber E Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 110146Damanhour University, Damanhour, Albeheira, Egypt
| | - Precious A Idakwoji
- Department of Biochemistry, 223207Faculty of Natural Sciences, Kogi State University, Anyigba, Nigeria
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Acquah FK, Donu D, Bredu D, Eyia-Ampah S, Amponsah JA, Quartey J, Obboh EK, Mawuli BA, Amoah LE. Asymptomatic carriage of Plasmodium falciparum by individuals with variant blood groups and haemoglobin genotypes in southern Ghana. Malar J 2020; 19:217. [PMID: 32576186 PMCID: PMC7310487 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-020-03299-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The ABO and the Rhesus blood group systems, as well as various abnormal haemoglobin (Hb) variants (haemoglobinopathies) are known to influence malaria parasite carriage and disease severity in individuals living in malaria endemic areas. This study identified the blood group and Hb variant distribution and Plasmodium falciparum infection status of afebrile individuals living in southern Ghana. Methods Afebrile participants were recruited from Obom (358) in the Greater Accra Region and Ewim (100) and Simiw (329) in the Central Region of Ghana. Venous blood (1 ml) was collected into EDTA vacutainer tubes. Three 20 μl drops of blood were used for blood group analysis using the tile method. Another 500 μl aliquot was used for the qualitative sickling test using sodium metabisulphite and haemoglobin electrophoresis. Genomic DNA was extracted from 100 μl of whole blood and used in P. falciparum species-specific PCR. Results The most abundant blood group and abnormal haemoglobin variant in both sites was blood group O + (47.4%) and HbAS (15.8%). A total of 13 (1.7%) of the participants had full haemoglobinopathies (SS, SC and CC), whilst 196 (25.4%) were carriers (AS and AC). Although there was a significantly higher prevalence of sickling positive participants from the Central Region, genotyping identified a similar prevalence of each of the abnormal haemoglobin genes in both sites. Asymptomatic parasite carriage estimated by PCR was 40.9% in the Central Region and 41.8% in the Greater Accra Region. Conclusions Asymptomatic carriage of P. falciparum parasite in the study population was not associated with any particular blood group variant or haemoglobin genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Festus K Acquah
- Immunology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research (NMIMR), University of Ghana, Legon, P. O. Box LG 581, Accra, Ghana.,West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), University of Ghana, Volta Road, Legon, P.O. Box LG 54, Accra, Ghana
| | - Dickson Donu
- Immunology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research (NMIMR), University of Ghana, Legon, P. O. Box LG 581, Accra, Ghana
| | - Dorcas Bredu
- Immunology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research (NMIMR), University of Ghana, Legon, P. O. Box LG 581, Accra, Ghana
| | - Sophia Eyia-Ampah
- Immunology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research (NMIMR), University of Ghana, Legon, P. O. Box LG 581, Accra, Ghana
| | - Jones A Amponsah
- Immunology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research (NMIMR), University of Ghana, Legon, P. O. Box LG 581, Accra, Ghana
| | - Joseph Quartey
- Parasitology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research (NMIMR), University of Ghana, Legon, P. O. Box LG 581, Accra, Ghana
| | - Evans K Obboh
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, PMB, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Bernice A Mawuli
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), University of Ghana, Volta Road, Legon, P.O. Box LG 54, Accra, Ghana
| | - Linda E Amoah
- Immunology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research (NMIMR), University of Ghana, Legon, P. O. Box LG 581, Accra, Ghana. .,West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), University of Ghana, Volta Road, Legon, P.O. Box LG 54, Accra, Ghana.
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