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Zhao L, Lu W, Ahmed M, Zagidullin MV, Azyazov VN, Morozov AN, Mebel AM, Kaiser RI. Gas-phase synthesis of benzene via the propargyl radical self-reaction. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/21/eabf0360. [PMID: 34020951 PMCID: PMC8139581 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf0360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been invoked in fundamental molecular mass growth processes in our galaxy. We provide compelling evidence of the formation of the very first ringed aromatic and building block of PAHs-benzene-via the self-recombination of two resonantly stabilized propargyl (C3H3) radicals in dilute environments using isomer-selective synchrotron-based mass spectrometry coupled to theoretical calculations. Along with benzene, three other structural isomers (1,5-hexadiyne, fulvene, and 2-ethynyl-1,3-butadiene) and o-benzyne are detected, and their branching ratios are quantified experimentally and verified with the aid of computational fluid dynamics and kinetic simulations. These results uncover molecular growth pathways not only in interstellar, circumstellar, and solar systems environments but also in combustion systems, which help us gain a better understanding of the hydrocarbon chemistry of our universe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Wenchao Lu
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Musahid Ahmed
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | | | - Valeriy N Azyazov
- Lebedev Physical Institute, Samara 443011, Russian Federation
- Samara National Research University, Samara 443086, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander N Morozov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Alexander M Mebel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
| | - Ralf I Kaiser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
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Xu M, Zhu B, Zhao L, Sun Y, Pan Y, Yang J. Atmospheric-Pressure Pyrolysis Study of Chlorobenzene Using Synchrotron Radiation Photoionization Mass Spectrometry. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:1949-1957. [PMID: 33651613 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c10413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The pyrolysis of chlorobenzene (C6H5Cl) at 760 Torr was studied in the temperature range of 873-1223 K. The pyrolysis products including intermediates and chlorinated aromatics were detected and quantified via synchrotron radiation photoionization mass spectrometry. Furthermore, the photoionization cross sections of chlorobenzene were experimentally measured. On the basis of the experimental results, the decomposition pathways of chlorobenzene were discussed as well as the generation and consumption pathways of the main products. Benzene is the main product of chlorobenzene pyrolysis. Chlorobiphenyl (C12H9Cl), dichlorobiphenyl (C12H8Cl2), and chlorotriphenylene (C18H11Cl) predominated in trace chlorinated aromatic products. Chlorobenzene decomposed initially to form two radicals [chlorophenyl (·C6H4Cl) and phenyl (·C6H5)] and the important intermediate o-benzyne (o-C6H4). The propagation processes of chlorinated aromatics, including polychlorinated naphthalenes and polychlorinated biphenyls, were mainly triggered by chlorobenzene, chlorophenyl, and benzene via the even-numbered-carbon growth mechanism. Besides, the small-molecule products such as acetylene (C2H2), 1,3,5-hexatriyne (C6H2), and diacetylene (C4H2) were formed via the bond cleavage of o-benzyne (o-C6H4).
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Affiliation(s)
- Minggao Xu
- School of Metallurgical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243002, People's Republic of China.,National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Baozhong Zhu
- School of Metallurgical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243002, People's Republic of China.,National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Long Zhao
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunlan Sun
- School of Metallurgical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243002, People's Republic of China.,School of Petroleum Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Pan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiuzhong Yang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, Anhui, People's Republic of China
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Qian SY, Feng BB, Zhai YT, Zhao W, Wang L, Ao CC, Liu Y, Liu J, Zhang LD. Catalytic pyrolysis of biodiesel surrogate over HZSM-5 zeolite catalyst. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2021. [DOI: 10.1063/1674-0068/cjcp2004043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Si-yu Qian
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, China
| | - Bei-bei Feng
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, China
| | - Yi-tong Zhai
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, China
| | - Lei Wang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, China
| | - Cheng-cheng Ao
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, China
| | - Yi Liu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, China
| | - Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Li-dong Zhang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, China
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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Eckhardt AK, Bergantini A, Singh SK, Schreiner PR, Kaiser RI. Formation of Glyoxylic Acid in Interstellar Ices: A Key Entry Point for Prebiotic Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:5663-5667. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201901059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- André K. Eckhardt
- Institute of Organic ChemistryJustus Liebig University Giessen Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 35392 Giessen Germany
| | - Alexandre Bergantini
- Department of ChemistryW. M. Keck Research Laboratory in AstrochemistryUniversity of Hawaii at Manoa 2545 McCarthy Mall Honolulu HI 96822 USA
| | - Santosh K. Singh
- Department of ChemistryW. M. Keck Research Laboratory in AstrochemistryUniversity of Hawaii at Manoa 2545 McCarthy Mall Honolulu HI 96822 USA
| | - Peter R. Schreiner
- Institute of Organic ChemistryJustus Liebig University Giessen Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 35392 Giessen Germany
| | - Ralf I. Kaiser
- Department of ChemistryW. M. Keck Research Laboratory in AstrochemistryUniversity of Hawaii at Manoa 2545 McCarthy Mall Honolulu HI 96822 USA
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Eckhardt AK, Bergantini A, Singh SK, Schreiner PR, Kaiser RI. Formation of Glyoxylic Acid in Interstellar Ices: A Key Entry Point for Prebiotic Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201901059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- André K. Eckhardt
- Institute of Organic ChemistryJustus Liebig University Giessen Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 35392 Giessen Germany
| | - Alexandre Bergantini
- Department of ChemistryW. M. Keck Research Laboratory in AstrochemistryUniversity of Hawaii at Manoa 2545 McCarthy Mall Honolulu HI 96822 USA
| | - Santosh K. Singh
- Department of ChemistryW. M. Keck Research Laboratory in AstrochemistryUniversity of Hawaii at Manoa 2545 McCarthy Mall Honolulu HI 96822 USA
| | - Peter R. Schreiner
- Institute of Organic ChemistryJustus Liebig University Giessen Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 35392 Giessen Germany
| | - Ralf I. Kaiser
- Department of ChemistryW. M. Keck Research Laboratory in AstrochemistryUniversity of Hawaii at Manoa 2545 McCarthy Mall Honolulu HI 96822 USA
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Ghildina AR, Porfiriev DP, Azyazov VN, Mebel AM. The mechanism and rate constants for oxidation of indenyl radical C9H7 with molecular oxygen O2: a theoretical study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:8915-8924. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp01122f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A theoretical study reveals the reaction mechanism of oxidation of the indenyl radical with molecular oxygen forming predominantly 1-H-inden-1-one + H under combustion conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. R. Ghildina
- Samara University
- Samara
- Russia
- Lebedev Physical Institute
- Samara
| | - D. P. Porfiriev
- Samara University
- Samara
- Russia
- Lebedev Physical Institute
- Samara
| | - V. N. Azyazov
- Samara University
- Samara
- Russia
- Lebedev Physical Institute
- Samara
| | - A. M. Mebel
- Samara University
- Samara
- Russia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Florida International University
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