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Caretta A, Brondin CA. Polarizing beam splitter for vacuum ultraviolet to x-ray radiation. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2024; 95:073105. [PMID: 39046294 DOI: 10.1063/5.0215241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
We present a v-groove grating functioning as a polarizing beam splitter. The grating works in the off-plane or conical diffraction geometry. In order to guarantee polarization selectivity and efficiency, the v-groove is designed to split the incoming radiation with a single reflection at the Brewster angle of the grating coating. This geometry is conceptually the same as the one reported by Caretta et al. [Struct. Dyn. 8, 034304 (2021)], but it reduces the noise on the splitting ratio introduced by beam-shape variations or beam displacements. We calculate the groove size to simultaneously perform polarization and spectral analysis.
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Laterza S, Caretta A, Bhardwaj R, Moras P, Zema N, Flammini R, Malvestuto M. Doping dependent intrinsic magnetization in silicon in Ni/Si heterostructures. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1329. [PMID: 38225375 PMCID: PMC10789780 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50795-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
This investigation delves into the complex interaction at metal-semiconductor interfaces, highlighting the magnetic proximity effect in Ni/Si interfaces through systematic X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) studies at Ni and Si edges. We analyzed two Ni/Si heterostructures with differing semiconductor doping, uncovering a magnetic proximity effect manifesting as equilibrium magnetization in the semiconductor substrate induced by the adjacent Ni layer. Our results display distinct magnetization signs corresponding to the doping levels: low-doped samples show parallel alignment to the Ni layer, while high-doped samples align antiparallel, indicating a nuanced interplay of underlying magnetization mechanisms. These findings pinpoint the roles of electron tunneling and exchange splitting modification in the magnetization behavior. The study enriches the understanding of ferromagnetic-semiconductor interface behavior, setting a precedent for the design of advanced spintronic devices that leverage the nuanced magnetic properties of these hybrid systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Laterza
- Department of Physics, University of Trieste, Via A. Valerio 2, 34127, Trieste, Italy
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14-km 163.5 in AREA Science Park, Basovizza, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Antonio Caretta
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14-km 163.5 in AREA Science Park, Basovizza, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Richa Bhardwaj
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14-km 163.5 in AREA Science Park, Basovizza, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Paolo Moras
- CNR-ISM, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Area Science Park, Strada Statale 14, km 163.5, Basovizza, Trieste, 34149, Italy
| | - Nicola Zema
- CNR-ISM, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Flammini
- CNR-ISM, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Malvestuto
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14-km 163.5 in AREA Science Park, Basovizza, 34149, Trieste, Italy.
- CNR-IOM, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Area Science Park, Strada Statale 14, km 163.5, Basovizza, Trieste, 34149, Italy.
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Malvestuto M, Caretta A, Bhardwaj R, Laterza S, Parmigiani F, Gessini A, Zamolo M, Galassi F, Sergo R, Cautero G, Danailov MB, Demidovic A, Sigalotti P, Lonza M, Borghes R, Contillo A, Simoncig A, Manfredda M, Raimondi L, Zangrando M. The MagneDyn beamline at the FERMI free electron laser. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2022; 93:115109. [PMID: 36461546 DOI: 10.1063/5.0105261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The scope of this paper is to outline the main marks and performances of the MagneDyn beamline, which was designed and built to perform ultrafast magnetodynamic studies in solids. Open to users since 2019, MagneDyn operates with variable circular and linear polarized femtosecond pulses delivered by the externally laser-seeded FERMI free-electron laser (FEL). The very high degree of polarization, the high pulse-to-pulse stability, and the photon energy tunability in the 50-300 eV range allow performing advanced time-resolved magnetic dichroic experiments at the K-edge of light elements, e.g., carbon and at the M- and N-edge of the 3d-transition-metals and rare earth elements, respectively. To this end, two experimental end-stations are available. The first is equipped with an in situ dedicated electromagnet, a cryostat, and an extreme ultraviolet Wollaston-like polarimeter. The second, designed for carry-in user instruments, hosts also a spectrometer for pump-probe resonant x-ray emission and inelastic spectroscopy experiments with a sub-eV energy resolution. A Kirkpatrick-Baez active optics system provides a minimum focus of ∼20×20μm2 FWHM at the sample. A pump laser setup, synchronized with the FEL-laser seeding system, delivers sub-picosecond pulses with photon energies ranging from the mid-IR to near-UV for optical pump-FEL probe experiments with a minimal pump-probe jitter of few femtoseconds. The overall combination of these features renders MagneDyn a unique state-of-the-art tool for studying ultrafast magnetic and resonant emission phenomena in solids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Malvestuto
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14, km 163.5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Antonio Caretta
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14, km 163.5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Richa Bhardwaj
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14, km 163.5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Simone Laterza
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14, km 163.5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Fulvio Parmigiani
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14, km 163.5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Alessandro Gessini
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14, km 163.5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Matteo Zamolo
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14, km 163.5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Fabio Galassi
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14, km 163.5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Rudi Sergo
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14, km 163.5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cautero
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14, km 163.5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Miltcho B Danailov
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14, km 163.5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Alexander Demidovic
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14, km 163.5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Paolo Sigalotti
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14, km 163.5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Marco Lonza
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14, km 163.5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Roberto Borghes
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14, km 163.5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Adriano Contillo
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14, km 163.5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Alberto Simoncig
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14, km 163.5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Michele Manfredda
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14, km 163.5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Raimondi
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14, km 163.5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Marco Zangrando
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14, km 163.5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
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Jacobs MN, Esashi Y, Jenkins NW, Brooks NJ, Kapteyn HC, Murnane MM, Tanksalvala M. High-resolution, wavefront-sensing, full-field polarimetry of arbitrary beams using phase retrieval. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:27967-27982. [PMID: 36236954 DOI: 10.1364/oe.461658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in structured illumination are enabling a wide range of applications from imaging to metrology, which can benefit from advanced beam characterization techniques. Solving uniquely for the spatial distribution of polarization in a beam typically involves the use of two or more polarization optics, such as a polarizer and a waveplate, which is prohibitive for some wavelengths outside of the visible spectrum. We demonstrate a technique that circumvents the use of a waveplate by exploiting extended Gerchberg-Saxton phase retrieval to extract the phase. The technique enables high-resolution, wavefront-sensing, full-field polarimetry capable of solving for both simple and exotic polarization states, and moreover, is extensible to shorter wavelength light.
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Pancaldi M, Strüber C, Friedrich B, Pedersoli E, De Angelis D, Nikolov IP, Manfredda M, Foglia L, Yulin S, Spezzani C, Sacchi M, Eisebitt S, von Korff Schmising C, Capotondi F. The COMIX polarimeter: a compact device for XUV polarization analysis. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2022; 29:969-977. [PMID: 35787562 PMCID: PMC9255573 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577522004027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We report on the characterization of a novel extreme-ultraviolet polarimeter based on conical mirrors to simultaneously detect all the components of the electric field vector for extreme-ultraviolet radiation in the 45-90 eV energy range. The device has been characterized using a variable polarization source at the Elettra synchrotron, showing good performance in the ability to determine the radiation polarization. Furthermore, as a possible application of the device, Faraday spectroscopy and time-resolved experiments have been performed at the Fe M2,3-edge on an FeGd ferrimagnetic thin film using the FERMI free-electron laser source. The instrument is shown to be able to detect the small angular variation induced by an optical external stimulus on the polarization state of the light after interaction with magnetic thin film, making the device an appealing tool for magnetization dynamics research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian Strüber
- Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bertram Friedrich
- Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Laura Foglia
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA, 34149 Basovizza, Italy
| | - Sergiy Yulin
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering IOF, Albert-Einstein-Straße 7, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Carlo Spezzani
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA, 34149 Basovizza, Italy
| | - Maurizio Sacchi
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, INSP, 75005 Paris, France
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L’Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Stefan Eisebitt
- Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17 Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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