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Marks M, Jeppesen H, Nielsen MLN, Kong J, Ceccato M, van der Veen MA, Bøjesen ED, Lock N. Elucidating Structural Disorder in Ultra-Thin Bi-Rich Bismuth Oxyhalide Photocatalysts. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2401413. [PMID: 38733238 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202401413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Advancing the field of photocatalysis requires the elucidation of structural properties that underpin the photocatalytic properties of promising materials. The focus of the present study is layered, Bi-rich bismuth oxyhalides, which are widely studied for photocatalytic applications yet poorly structurally understood, due to high levels of disorder, nano-sized domains, and the large number of structurally similar compounds. By connecting insights from multiple scattering techniques, utilizing electron-, X-ray- and neutron probes, the crystal phase of the synthesized materials is allocated as layered Bi24O31X10 (X = Cl, Br), albeit with significant deviation from the reported 3D crystalline model. The materials comprise anisotropic platelet-shaped crystalline domains, exhibiting significant in-plane ordering in two dimensions but disorder and an ultra-thin morphology in the layer stacking direction. Increased synthesis pH tailored larger, more ordered crystalline domains, leading to longer excited state lifetimes determined via femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy (fs-TAS). Although this likely contributes to improved photocatalytic properties, assessed via the photooxidation of benzylamine, increasing the overall surface area facilitated the most significant improvement in photocatalytic performance. This study, therefore, enabled both phase allocation and a nuanced discussion of the structure-property relationship for complicated, ultra-thin photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Marks
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Åbogade 40, Aarhus N, 8200, Denmark
| | - Henrik Jeppesen
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mads Lund Nygaard Nielsen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark
| | - Jintao Kong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technische Universiteit Delft, Delft, HZ 2629, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Ceccato
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Åbogade 40, Aarhus N, 8200, Denmark
| | - Monique A van der Veen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technische Universiteit Delft, Delft, HZ 2629, The Netherlands
| | - Espen Drath Bøjesen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark
- iMAT Aarhus University Centre for Integrated Materials Research, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark
| | - Nina Lock
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Åbogade 40, Aarhus N, 8200, Denmark
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Pasanen H, Khan R, Odutola JA, Tkachenko NV. Transient Absorption Spectroscopy of Films: Impact of Refractive Index. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2024; 128:6167-6179. [PMID: 38655057 PMCID: PMC11037419 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.4c00981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Transient absorption spectroscopy is a powerful technique to study the photoinduced phenomena in a wide range of states from solutions to solid film samples. It was designed and developed based on photoinduced absorption changes or that photoexcitation triggers a chain of reactions with intermediate states or reaction steps with presumably different absorption spectra. However, according to general electromagnetic theory, any change in the absorption properties of a medium is accompanied by a change in the refractive properties. Although this photoinduced change in refractive index has a negligible effect on solution measurements, it may significantly affect the measured response of thin films. In this Perspective paper, we examine why and how the measured responses of films differ from their expected "pure" absorption responses. The effect of photoinduced refractive index change can be concluded and studied by comparing the transmitted and reflected probe light responses. Another discussed aspect is the effect of light interference on thin films. Finally, new opportunities of monitoring the photocarrier migration in films and studying nontransparent samples using the reflected probe light response are discussed. Most of the examples provided in this article focus on studies involving perovskite, TiO2, and graphene-based films, but the general discussion and conclusions can be applicable to a wide range of semiconductor and thin metallic films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannu
P. Pasanen
- Ultrafast
Dynamics Group Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 4700, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ramsha Khan
- Chemistry
and Advanced Materials Group Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere 33014, Finland
| | - Jokotadeola A. Odutola
- Chemistry
and Advanced Materials Group Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere 33014, Finland
| | - Nikolai V. Tkachenko
- Chemistry
and Advanced Materials Group Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere 33014, Finland
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3
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Xue J, Fujitsuka M, Tachikawa T, Bao J, Majima T. Charge Trapping in Semiconductor Photocatalysts: A Time- and Space-Domain Perspective. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:8787-8799. [PMID: 38520348 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Harnessing solar energy to produce value-added fuels and chemicals through photocatalysis techniques holds promise for establishing a sustainable and environmentally friendly energy economy. The intricate dynamics of photogenerated charge carriers lies at the core of the photocatalysis. The balance between charge trapping and band-edge recombination has a crucial influence on the activity of semiconductor photocatalysts. Consequently, the regulation of traps in photocatalysts becomes the key to optimizing their activities. Nevertheless, our comprehension of charge trapping, compared to that of well-studied charge recombination, remains somewhat limited. This limitation stems from the inherently heterogeneous nature of traps at both temporal and spatial scales, which renders the characterization of charge trapping a formidable challenge. Fortunately, recent advancements in both time-resolved spectroscopy and space-resolved microscopy have paved the way for considerable progress in the investigation and manipulation of charge trapping. In this Perspective, we focus on charge trapping in photocatalysts with the aim of establishing a direct link to their photocatalytic activities. To achieve this, we begin by elucidating the principles of advanced time-resolved spectroscopic techniques such as femtosecond time-resolved transient absorption spectroscopy and space-resolved microscopic methods, such as single-molecule fluorescence microscopy and surface photovoltage microscopy. Additionally, we provide an overview of noteworthy research endeavors dedicated to probing charge trapping using time- and space-resolved techniques. Our attention is then directed toward recent achievements in the manipulation of charge trapping in photocatalysts through defect engineering. Finally, we summarize this Perspective and discuss the future challenges and opportunities that lie ahead in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Xue
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, China
| | - Mamoru Fujitsuka
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Takashi Tachikawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Molecular Photoscience Research Center, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Jun Bao
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, China
- iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Tetsuro Majima
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
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4
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Dhakshinamoorthy A, Li Z, Yang S, Garcia H. Metal-organic framework heterojunctions for photocatalysis. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:3002-3035. [PMID: 38353930 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00205e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Heterojunctions combining two photocatalysts of staggered conduction and valence band energy levels can increase the photocatalytic efficiency compared to their individual components. This activity enhancement is due to the minimization of undesirable charge recombination by the occurrence of carrier migration through the heterojunction interface with separated electrons and holes on the reducing and oxidizing junction component, respectively. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are currently among the most researched photocatalysts due to their tunable light absorption, facile charge separation, large surface area and porosity. The present review summarizes the current state-of-the-art in MOF-based heterojunctions, providing critical comments on the construction of these heterostructures. Besides including examples showing the better performance of MOF heterojunctions for three important photocatalytic processes, such as hydrogen evolution reaction, CO2 photoreduction and dye decolorization, the focus of this review is on describing synthetic procedures to form heterojunctions with MOFs and on discussing the experimental techniques that provide evidence for the operation of charge migration between the MOF and the other component. Special attention has been paid to the design of rational MOF heterojunctions with small particle size and controlled morphology for an appropriate interfacial contact. The final section summarizes the achievements of the field and provides our views on future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarajothi Dhakshinamoorthy
- Departamento de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, Valencia 46022, Spain.
- School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625 021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Zhaohui Li
- Research Institute of Photocatalysis, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China
| | - Sihai Yang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Hermenegildo Garcia
- Departamento de Química/Instituto Universitario de Tecnología Química (CSIC-UPV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Avda. de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
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Backus EHG, Hosseinpour S, Ramanan C, Sun S, Schlegel SJ, Zelenka M, Jia X, Gebhard M, Devi A, Wang HI, Bonn M. Ultrafast Surface-Specific Spectroscopy of Water at a Photoexcited TiO 2 Model Water-Splitting Photocatalyst. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202312123. [PMID: 38010868 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
A critical step in photocatalytic water dissociation is the hole-mediated oxidation reaction. Molecular-level insights into the mechanism of this complex reaction under realistic conditions with high temporal resolution are highly desirable. Here, we use femtosecond time-resolved, surface-specific vibrational sum frequency generation spectroscopy to study the photo-induced reaction directly at the interface of the photocatalyst TiO2 in contact with liquid water at room temperature. Thanks to the inherent surface specificity of the spectroscopic method, we can follow the reaction of solely the interfacial water molecules directly at the interface at timescales on which the reaction takes place. Following the generation of holes at the surface immediately after photoexcitation of the catalyst with UV light, water dissociation occurs on a sub-20 ps timescale. The reaction mechanism is similar at pH 3 and 11. In both cases, we observe the conversion of H2 O into Ti-OH groups and the deprotonation of pre-existing Ti-OH groups. This study provides unique experimental insights into the early steps of the photo-induced dissociation processes at the photocatalyst-water interface, relevant to the design of improved photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen H G Backus
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Währinger Straße 42, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Saman Hosseinpour
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Current address: Institute of Particle Technology (LFG), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität-Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Cauerstraße 4, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Charusheela Ramanan
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Shumei Sun
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Simon J Schlegel
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Moritz Zelenka
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Währinger Straße 42, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Xiaoyu Jia
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Maximilian Gebhard
- Inorganic Materials Chemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Anjana Devi
- Inorganic Materials Chemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Hai I Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Nanophotonics, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mischa Bonn
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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Li L, Xu D, Xu X, Tian Z, Zhou X, Yang S, Zhang Z. Modulation of active center distance of hybrid perovskite for boosting photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide to ethylene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2318970121. [PMID: 38315838 PMCID: PMC10873559 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2318970121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Solar-driven photocatalytic CO2 reduction is an energy-efficient and sustainable strategy to mitigate CO2 levels in the atmosphere. However, efficient and selective conversion of CO2 into multi-carbon products, like C2H4, remains a great challenge due to slow multi-electron-proton transfer and sluggish C-C coupling. Herein, a two-dimensional thin-layered hybrid perovskite is fabricated through filling of oxygen into iodine vacancy in pristine DMASnI3 (DMA = dimethylammonium). The rational-designed DMASnI3(O) induces shrinkage of active sites distance and facilitates dimerization of C-C coupling of intermediates. Upon simulated solar irradiation, the DMASnI3(O) photocatalyst achieves a high selectivity of 74.5%, corresponding to an impressive electron selectivity of 94.6%, for CO2 to C2H4 conversion and an effective C2H4 yield of 11.2 μmol g-1 h-1. In addition, the DMASnI3(O) inherits excellent water stability and implements long-term photocatalytic CO2 reduction to C2H4 in a water medium. This work establishes a unique paradigm to convert CO2 to C2+ hydrocarbons in a perovskite-based photocatalytic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjuan Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai200062, China
| | - Dawei Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai200062, China
| | - Xiankui Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai200062, China
| | - Zheng Tian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai200062, China
| | - Xue Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai200062, China
| | - Shenbo Yang
- Hongzhiwei Technology (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., Shanghai200240, China
| | - Zhonghai Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai200062, China
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular and Process Engineering (SKLPMPE), Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Processing Co., Ltd., Beijing100083, China
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular and Process Engineering (SKLPMPE), East China Normal University, Shanghai200062, China
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7
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Dou H, Yuan C, Zhu R, Li L, Zhang J, Weng TC. Impact of Surface Trap States on Electron and Energy Transfer in CdSe Quantum Dots Studied by Femtosecond Transient Absorption Spectroscopy. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 14:34. [PMID: 38202489 PMCID: PMC10780555 DOI: 10.3390/nano14010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The presence of surface trap states (STSs) is one of the key factors to affect the electronic and optical properties of quantum dots (QDs), however, the exact mechanism of how STSs influence QDs remains unclear. Herein, we demonstrated the impact of STSs on electron transfer in CdSe QDs and triplet-triplet energy transfer (TTET) from CdSe to surface acceptor using femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. Three types of colloidal CdSe QDs, each containing various degrees of STSs as evidenced by photoluminescence and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, were employed. Time-resolved emission and transient absorption spectra revealed that STSs can suppress band-edge emission effectively, resulting in a remarkable decrease in the lifetime of photoelectrons in QDs from 17.1 ns to 4.9 ns. Moreover, the investigation of TTET process revealed that STSs can suppress the generation of triplet exciton and effectively inhibit band-edge emission, leading to a significant decrease in TTET from CdSe QDs to the surface acceptor. This work presented evidence for STSs influence in shaping the optoelectronic properties of QDs, making it a valuable point of reference for understanding and manipulating STSs in diverse QDs-based optoelectronic applications involving electron and energy transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Dou
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; (H.D.); (L.L.); (J.Z.)
- Center for Transformative Science, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Chunze Yuan
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; (H.D.); (L.L.); (J.Z.)
- Center for Transformative Science, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Ruixue Zhu
- Center for Transformative Science, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Lin Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; (H.D.); (L.L.); (J.Z.)
- Center for Transformative Science, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Jihao Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; (H.D.); (L.L.); (J.Z.)
- Center for Transformative Science, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Tsu-Chien Weng
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; (H.D.); (L.L.); (J.Z.)
- Center for Transformative Science, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
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8
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Fu M, Dou H, Zhai W, Hou B, Wu C, Meng W, Wu N, Zhang Z, Weng TC, Yu Y, Wang HT. Enhancing UV-C Photoelectron Lifetimes for Avalanche-like Photocurrents in Carbon-Doped Bi 3O 4Cl Nanosheets. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37377206 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c03331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Interlayer electric fields in two-dimensional (2D) materials create photoelectron protecting barriers useful to mitigate electron-hole recombination. However, tuning the interlayer electric field remains challenging. Here, carbon-doped Bi3O4Cl (C:Bi3O4Cl) nanosheets are synthesized using a gas phase protocol, and n-type carriers are acquired as confirmed by the transconductance polarity of nanosheet field effect transistors. Thin C:Bi3O4Cl nanosheets show excellent 266 nm photodetector figures of merit, and an avalanche-like photocurrent is demonstrated. Decaying behaviors of photoelectrons pumped by a 266 nm laser pulse (266 nm photoelectrons) are observed using transient absorption spectroscopy, and a significant 266 nm photoelectron lifetime quality in C:Bi3O4Cl is presented. Built C:Bi3O4Cl models suggest that the interlayer electric field can be boosted by two different carbon substitutions at the inner and outer bismuth sites. This work reports a facile approach to increase the interlayer electric field in Bi3O4Cl for future UV-C photodetector applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Fu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Hongbin Dou
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Wenbo Zhai
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Bingsen Hou
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Congcong Wu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Wei Meng
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Nan Wu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Tsu-Chien Weng
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yi Yu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Hung-Ta Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
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9
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Cruz Neto DH, Soto J, Maity N, Lefumeux C, Nguyen T, Pernot P, Steenkeste K, Peláez D, Ha-Thi MH, Pino T. A Novel Pump-Pump-Probe Resonance Raman Approach Featuring Light-Induced Charge Accumulation on a Model Photosystem. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:4789-4795. [PMID: 37186953 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Light-induced charge accumulation is at the heart of biomimetic systems aiming at solar fuel production in the realm of artificial photosynthesis. Understanding the mechanisms upon which these processes operate is a necessary condition to drive down the rational catalyst design road. We have built a nanosecond pump-pump-probe resonance Raman setup to witness the sequential charge accumulation process while probing vibrational features of different charge-separated states. By employing a reversible model system featuring methyl viologen (MV) as a dual electron acceptor, we have been able to watch the photosensitized production of its neutral form, MV0, resulting from two sequential electron transfer reactions. We have found that, upon double excitation, a fingerprint vibrational mode corresponding to the doubly reduced species appears at 992 cm-1 and peaks at 30 μs after the second excitation. This has been further confirmed by simulated resonance Raman spectra which fully support our experimental findings in this unprecedented buildup of charge seen by a resonance Raman probe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel H Cruz Neto
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Juan Soto
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, E-29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Nishith Maity
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Christophe Lefumeux
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Thai Nguyen
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Pascal Pernot
- Institut de Chimie Physique (ICP), Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Karine Steenkeste
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Daniel Peláez
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Minh-Huong Ha-Thi
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Thomas Pino
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91405 Orsay, France
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10
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Wu T, Xu X, Ono LK, Guo T, Mariotti S, Ding C, Yuan S, Zhang C, Zhang J, Mitrofanov K, Zhang Q, Raj S, Liu X, Segawa H, Ji P, Li T, Kabe R, Han L, Narita A, Qi Y. Graphene-Like Conjugated Molecule as Hole-Selective Contact for Operationally Stable Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2300169. [PMID: 36884267 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Further enhancing the operational lifetime of inverted-structure perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is crucial for their commercialization, and the design of hole-selective contacts at the illumination side plays a key role in operational stability. In this work, the self-anchoring benzo[rst]pentaphene (SA-BPP) is developed as a new type of hole-selective contact toward long-term operationally stable inverted PSCs. The SA-BPP molecule with a graphene-like conjugated structure shows a higher photostability and mobility than that of the frequently-used triphenylamine and carbazole-based hole-selective molecules. Besides, the anchoring groups of SA-BPP promote the formation of a large-scale uniform hole contact on ITO substrate and efficiently passivate the perovskite absorbers. Benefiting from these merits, the champion efficiencies of 22.03% for the small-sized cells and 17.08% for 5 × 5 cm2 solar modules on an aperture area of 22.4 cm2 are achieved based on this SA-BPP contact. Also, the SA-BPP-based device exhibits promising operational stability, with an efficiency retention of 87.4% after 2000 h continuous operation at the maximum power point under simulated 1-sun illumination, which indicates an estimated T80 lifetime of 3175 h. This novel design concept of hole-selective contacts provides a promising strategy for further improving the PSC stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhao Wu
- Energy Materials and Surface Sciences Unit (EMSSU), Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST), 1919-1 Tancha, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa, Onna-son, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Xiushang Xu
- Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa, Onna-son, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Luis K Ono
- Energy Materials and Surface Sciences Unit (EMSSU), Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST), 1919-1 Tancha, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa, Onna-son, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Ting Guo
- Energy Materials and Surface Sciences Unit (EMSSU), Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST), 1919-1 Tancha, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa, Onna-son, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Silvia Mariotti
- Energy Materials and Surface Sciences Unit (EMSSU), Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST), 1919-1 Tancha, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa, Onna-son, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Chenfeng Ding
- Energy Materials and Surface Sciences Unit (EMSSU), Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST), 1919-1 Tancha, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa, Onna-son, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Shuai Yuan
- Energy Materials and Surface Sciences Unit (EMSSU), Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST), 1919-1 Tancha, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa, Onna-son, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Congyang Zhang
- Energy Materials and Surface Sciences Unit (EMSSU), Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST), 1919-1 Tancha, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa, Onna-son, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Jiahao Zhang
- Energy Materials and Surface Sciences Unit (EMSSU), Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST), 1919-1 Tancha, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa, Onna-son, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Kirill Mitrofanov
- Organic Optoelectronics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa, Onna-son, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Qizheng Zhang
- Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa, Onna-son, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Saurav Raj
- Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa, Onna-son, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Xiao Liu
- Special Division of Environmental and Energy Science, Komaba Organization for Educational Excellence (KOMEX), College of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Segawa
- Special Division of Environmental and Energy Science, Komaba Organization for Educational Excellence (KOMEX), College of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
| | - Penghui Ji
- Energy Materials and Surface Sciences Unit (EMSSU), Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST), 1919-1 Tancha, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa, Onna-son, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Tongtong Li
- Energy Materials and Surface Sciences Unit (EMSSU), Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST), 1919-1 Tancha, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa, Onna-son, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Ryota Kabe
- Organic Optoelectronics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa, Onna-son, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Liyuan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Material Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa, Onna-son, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Yabing Qi
- Energy Materials and Surface Sciences Unit (EMSSU), Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST), 1919-1 Tancha, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa, Onna-son, 904-0495, Japan
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11
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Kim JH, Jung BK, Kim SK, Yun KR, Ahn J, Oh S, Jeon MG, Lee TJ, Kim S, Oh N, Oh SJ, Seong TY. Ultrasensitive Near-Infrared InAs Colloidal Quantum Dot-ZnON Hybrid Phototransistor Based on a Gradated Band Structure. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023:e2207526. [PMID: 37088787 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202207526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Amorphous metal oxide semiconductor phototransistors (MOTPs) integrated with colloidal quantum dots (QDs) (QD-MOTPs) are promising infrared photodetectors owing to their high photoconductive gain, low off-current level, and high compatibility with pixel circuits. However, to date, the poor mobility of conventional MOTPs, such as indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO), and the toxicity of lead (Pb)-based QDs, such as lead sulfide and lead selenide, has limited the commercial applications of QD-MOTPs. Herein, an ultrasensitive QD-MOTP fabricated by integrating a high-mobility zinc oxynitride (ZnON)-based MOTP and lead-free indium arsenide (InAs) QDs is demonstrated. A new gradated bandgap structure is introduced in the InAs QD layer that absorbs infrared light, which prevents carriers from moving backward and effectively reduces electron-hole recombination. Chemical, optical, and structural analyses confirm the movement of the photoexcited carriers in the graded band structure. The novel QD-MOTP exhibits an outstanding performance with a responsivity of 1.15 × 105 A W-1 and detectivity of 5.32 × 1016 Jones at a light power density of 2 µW cm-2 under illumination at 905 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Ho Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Ku Jung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Kyung Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Ro Yun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhyuk Ahn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongkeun Oh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Gyu Jeon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Ju Lee
- Department of Nanophotonics, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongchan Kim
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04673, Republic of Korea
| | - Nuri Oh
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04673, Republic of Korea
| | - Soong Ju Oh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Yeon Seong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nanophotonics, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
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12
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Szostak R, de Souza Gonçalves A, de Freitas JN, Marchezi PE, de Araújo FL, Tolentino HCN, Toney MF, das Chagas Marques F, Nogueira AF. In Situ and Operando Characterizations of Metal Halide Perovskite and Solar Cells: Insights from Lab-Sized Devices to Upscaling Processes. Chem Rev 2023; 123:3160-3236. [PMID: 36877871 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
The performance and stability of metal halide perovskite solar cells strongly depend on precursor materials and deposition methods adopted during the perovskite layer preparation. There are often a number of different formation pathways available when preparing perovskite films. Since the precise pathway and intermediary mechanisms affect the resulting properties of the cells, in situ studies have been conducted to unravel the mechanisms involved in the formation and evolution of perovskite phases. These studies contributed to the development of procedures to improve the structural, morphological, and optoelectronic properties of the films and to move beyond spin-coating, with the use of scalable techniques. To explore the performance and degradation of devices, operando studies have been conducted on solar cells subjected to normal operating conditions, or stressed with humidity, high temperatures, and light radiation. This review presents an update of studies conducted in situ using a wide range of structural, imaging, and spectroscopic techniques, involving the formation/degradation of halide perovskites. Operando studies are also addressed, emphasizing the latest degradation results for perovskite solar cells. These works demonstrate the importance of in situ and operando studies to achieve the level of stability required for scale-up and consequent commercial deployment of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Szostak
- Laboratório de Nanotecnologia e Energia Solar (LNES), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 13083-100 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Agnaldo de Souza Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Nanotecnologia e Energia Solar (LNES), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Gleb Wataghin Institute of Physics, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-859 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Jilian Nei de Freitas
- Center for Information Technology Renato Archer (CTI), 13069-901 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo E Marchezi
- Laboratório de Nanotecnologia e Energia Solar (LNES), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Department of Engineering and Physics, Karlstad University, 651 88 Karlstad, Sweden
| | - Francineide Lopes de Araújo
- Laboratório de Nanotecnologia e Energia Solar (LNES), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Hélio Cesar Nogueira Tolentino
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 13083-100 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Michael F Toney
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, and Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | | | - Ana Flavia Nogueira
- Laboratório de Nanotecnologia e Energia Solar (LNES), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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13
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Liu Y, Sun J, Huang H, Bai L, Zhao X, Qu B, Xiong L, Bai F, Tang J, Jing L. Improving CO 2 photoconversion with ionic liquid and Co single atoms. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1457. [PMID: 36928357 PMCID: PMC10020152 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36980-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Photocatalytic CO2 conversion promises an ideal route to store solar energy into chemical bonds. However, sluggish electron kinetics and unfavorable product selectivity remain unresolved challenges. Here, an ionic liquid, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, and borate-anchored Co single atoms were separately loaded on ultrathin g-C3N4 nanosheets. The optimized nanocomposite photocatalyst produces CO and CH4 from CO2 and water under UV-vis light irradiation, exhibiting a 42-fold photoactivity enhancement compared with g-C3N4 and nearly 100% selectivity towards CO2 reduction. Experimental and theoretical results reveal that the ionic liquid extracts electrons and facilitates CO2 reduction, whereas Co single atoms trap holes and catalyze water oxidation. More importantly, the maximum electron transfer efficiency for CO2 photoreduction, as measured with in-situ μs-transient absorption spectroscopy, is found to be 35.3%, owing to the combined effect of the ionic liquid and Co single atoms. This work offers a feasible strategy for efficiently converting CO2 to valuable chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, International Joint Research Center and Lab for Catalytic Technology, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Jianhui Sun
- Department Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, International Joint Research Center and Lab for Catalytic Technology, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150080, P. R. China.,Department Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), International Joint Research Center for Catalytic Technology, School of Physics, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Houhou Huang
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry and College of Chemistry, Jilin University Changchun, 130021, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Linlu Bai
- Department Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, International Joint Research Center and Lab for Catalytic Technology, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150080, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaomeng Zhao
- Department Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, International Joint Research Center and Lab for Catalytic Technology, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Binhong Qu
- Department Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, International Joint Research Center and Lab for Catalytic Technology, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Lunqiao Xiong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Fuquan Bai
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry and College of Chemistry, Jilin University Changchun, 130021, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Junwang Tang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7JE, UK.
| | - Liqiang Jing
- Department Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, International Joint Research Center and Lab for Catalytic Technology, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150080, P. R. China.
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14
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Yang P, Zhang Q, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Zhao J, Shi H, Liang L, Huang Y, Zheng Z, Yang H. Aggregation Triggers Red/Near-Infrared Light Hydrogen Production of Organic Dyes with High Efficiency. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c05962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengju Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Hongxia Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Jianghong Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Hu Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Linfeng Liang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Yamin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Zhanfeng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Hengquan Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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15
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Anagnostopoulou M, Zindrou A, Cottineau T, Kafizas A, Marchal C, Deligiannakis Y, Keller V, Christoforidis KC. MOF-Derived Defective Co 3O 4 Nanosheets in Carbon Nitride Nanocomposites for CO 2 Photoreduction and H 2 Production. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:6817-6830. [PMID: 36719032 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c19683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In photocatalysis, especially in CO2 reduction and H2 production, the development of multicomponent nanomaterials provides great opportunities to tune many critical parameters toward increased activity. This work reports the development of tunable organic/inorganic heterojunctions comprised of cobalt oxides (Co3O4) of varying morphology and modified carbon nitride (CN), targeting on optimizing their response under UV-visible irradiation. MOF structures were used as precursors for the synthesis of Co3O4. A facile solvothermal approach allowed the development of ultrathin two-dimensional (2D) Co3O4 nanosheets (Co3O4-NS). The optimized CN and Co3O4 structures were coupled forming heterojunctions, and the content of each part was optimized. Activity was significantly improved in the nanocomposites bearing Co3O4-NS compared with the corresponding bulk Co3O4/CN composites. Transient absorption spectroscopy revealed a 100-fold increase in charge carrier lifetime on Co3O4-NS sites in the composite compared with the bare Co3O4-NS. The improved photocatalytic activity in H2 production and CO2 reduction is linked with (a) the larger interface imposed from the matching 2D structure of Co3O4-NS and the planar surface of CN, (b) improvements in charge carrier lifetime, and (c) the enhanced CO2 adsorption. The study highlights the importance of MOF structures used as precursors in forming advanced materials and the stepwise functionalization of the individual parts in nanocomposites for the development of materials with superior activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Anagnostopoulou
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés Pour l'Energie, l'Environnement et la Santé, (ICPEES) UMR7515 CNRS, ECPM, University of Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel Cedex 2, Strasbourg 67084, France
| | - Areti Zindrou
- Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | - Thomas Cottineau
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés Pour l'Energie, l'Environnement et la Santé, (ICPEES) UMR7515 CNRS, ECPM, University of Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel Cedex 2, Strasbourg 67084, France
| | - Andreas Kafizas
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Science Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdon
| | - Clément Marchal
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés Pour l'Energie, l'Environnement et la Santé, (ICPEES) UMR7515 CNRS, ECPM, University of Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel Cedex 2, Strasbourg 67084, France
| | | | - Valérie Keller
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés Pour l'Energie, l'Environnement et la Santé, (ICPEES) UMR7515 CNRS, ECPM, University of Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel Cedex 2, Strasbourg 67084, France
| | - Konstantinos C Christoforidis
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés Pour l'Energie, l'Environnement et la Santé, (ICPEES) UMR7515 CNRS, ECPM, University of Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel Cedex 2, Strasbourg 67084, France
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, Xanthi 67100, Greece
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16
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Bericat-Vadell R, Zou X, Drillet M, Corvoysier H, Silveira VR, Konezny SJ, Sá J. Carrier Dynamics in Solution-Processed CuI as a P-Type Semiconductor: The Origin of Negative Photoconductivity. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:1007-1013. [PMID: 36693133 PMCID: PMC9900634 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
There is an urgent need for efficient solution-processable p-type semiconductors. Copper(I) iodide (CuI) has attracted attention as a potential candidate due to its good electrical properties and ease of preparation. However, its carrier dynamics still need to be better understood. Carrier dynamics after bandgap excitation yielded a convoluted signal of free carriers (positive signal) and a negative feature, which was also present when the material was excited with sub-bandgap excitation energies. This previously unseen feature was found to be dependent on measurement temperature and attributed to negative photoconductivity. The unexpected signal relates to the formation of polarons or strongly bound excitons. The possibility of coupling CuI to plasmonic sensitizers is also tested, yielding positive results. The outcomes mentioned above could have profound implications regarding the applicability of CuI in photocatalytic and photovoltaic systems and could also open a whole new range of possible applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Bericat-Vadell
- Physical
Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry - Angstrom Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 751 20Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Xianshao Zou
- Physical
Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry - Angstrom Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 751 20Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mélio Drillet
- Physical
Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry - Angstrom Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 751 20Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hugo Corvoysier
- Physical
Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry - Angstrom Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 751 20Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Vitor R. Silveira
- Physical
Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry - Angstrom Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 751 20Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Steven J. Konezny
- Departments
of Physics and Chemistry and Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, 217 Prospect Street, P.O. Box
208120, New Haven, Connecticut06520-8120, United States
| | - Jacinto Sá
- Physical
Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry - Angstrom Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 751 20Uppsala, Sweden
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of
Sciences, Marcina Kasprzaka
44/52, 01-224Warsaw, Poland
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17
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Schneider J, Curti M. Spectroscopic and kinetic characterization of photogenerated charge carriers in photocatalysts. PHOTOCHEMICAL & PHOTOBIOLOGICAL SCIENCES : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN PHOTOCHEMISTRY ASSOCIATION AND THE EUROPEAN SOCIETY FOR PHOTOBIOLOGY 2023; 22:195-217. [PMID: 36208411 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-022-00297-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The catastrophic consequences of increased power consumption, such as drastically rising CO2 levels, natural disasters, environmental pollution and dependence on fossil fuels supplied by countries with totalitarian regimes, illustrate the urge to develop sustainable technologies for energy generation. Photocatalysis presents eco-friendly means for fuels production via solar-to-chemical energy conversion. The conversion efficiency of a photocatalyst critically depends on charge carrier processes taking place in the ultrafast time regime. Transient absorption spectroscopy (TAS) serves as a perfect tool to track those processes. The spectral and kinetic characterization of charge carriers is indispensable for the elucidation of photocatalytic mechanisms and for the development of new materials. Hence, in this review, we will first present the basics of TAS and subsequently discuss the procedure required for the interpretation of the transient absorption spectra and transient kinetics. The discussion will include specific examples for charge carrier processes occurring in conventional and plasmonic semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Schneider
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München, Butenandtstraße 1-11, 81377, Munich, Germany.
| | - Mariano Curti
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Avda. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.
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18
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Jiao H, Wang C, Xiong L, Tang J. Insights on Carbon Neutrality by Photocatalytic Conversion of Small Molecules into Value-Added Chemicals or Fuels. ACCOUNTS OF MATERIALS RESEARCH 2022; 3:1206-1219. [PMID: 36583010 PMCID: PMC9791684 DOI: 10.1021/accountsmr.2c00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalytic conversion of small molecules (including H2O, CO2, N2, CH4, and benzene) into value-added chemicals or fuels (e.g., H2, NH3, C2 +, etc.) is a promising strategy to cope with both the worldwide increasing energy demand and greenhouse gas emission in both energy sectors and chemical industry, thus paving an effective way to carbon neutrality. On the other hand, compared with conventionally thermo- or electrocatalytic processes, photoactivation can convert these very stable small molecules by the unexhausted solar energy, so leading to store solar energy in chemical bonds. Thus, it can effectively reduce the reliance on the nonrenewable fossil fuels and avoid the substantial emission of hazardous gases such as CO2, NO x , and so on while producing valued-added chemicals. For example, semiconductors can absorb solar light to split H2O into H2 and O2 or convert CO2 to alcohols, which can then be used as zero or neutral carbon energy sources. Although many efforts have already been made on photocatalytic small molecule activation, the light-energy conversion efficiency is still rather moderate and the yield of aimed value-added chemicals cannot meet the requirement of large-scale application. The core for these artificial photocatalytic processes is to discover a novel photocatalyst with high efficiency, low cost, and excellent durability. Over the past two decades, the Tang group has discovered a few benchmark photocatalysts (such as dual-metal-loaded metal oxides, atomic photocatalysts, carbon-doped TiO2, and polymer heterojunctions, etc.) and investigated them for photocatalytic conversion of the above-mentioned five robust molecules into value-added chemicals or liquid fuels. Besides, advanced photocatalytic reaction systems including batch and continuous flow membrane reactors have been studied. More importantly, the underlying reaction mechanism of these processes has been thoroughly analyzed using the state-of-the-art static and time-resolved spectroscopies. In this Account, we present the group's recent research progress in search of efficient photocatalysts for these small molecules' photoactivation. First, the strategies used in the group with respect to three key factors in photocatalysis, including light harvesting, charge separation, and reactant adsorption/product desorption, are comprehensively analyzed with the aim to provide a clear strategy for efficient photocatalyst design toward small and robust molecule photoactivation under ambient conditions. The application of in situ and operando techniques on charge carrier dynamics and reaction pathway analysis used in the group are next discussed. Finally, we point out the key challenges and future research directions toward each specific small molecule's photoactivation process.
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19
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Zhou Q, Zhang T, Jie J, Hou Y, Hu Z, Jiao Z, Su H. TiO 2 as a Nanozyme Mimicking Photolyase to Repair DNA Damage. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:10929-10935. [PMID: 36399008 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) is the most abundant DNA photolesion, and it can be repaired by photolyases based on electron-transfer mechanisms. However, photolyase is absent in the human body and lacks stability for applications. Can one develop natural enzyme mimetics utilizing nanoparticles (termed nanozymes) to mimic photolyase in repairing DNA damage? Herein, we observe the successful reversal of thymine dimer T<>T to normal T base by TiO2 under UVA irradiation. Time-resolved spectroscopy provides direct evidence that the photogenerated electron of TiO2 transfers to T<>T, causing structural instability and initiating the repair process. T-T- would then undergo bond cleavage to form T and T-, and T- returns an electron to TiO2, finishing the photocatalytic cycle. For the first time, TiO2 is discovered to exhibit photocatalytic properties similar to those of natural enzymes, pointing to its extraordinary application potential as a nanozyme to mimic photolyase in repairing DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhou
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing100875, P.R. China
| | - Tianfeng Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing100875, P.R. China
| | - Jialong Jie
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing100875, P.R. China
| | - Yue Hou
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing100875, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Hu
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing100875, P.R. China
| | - Zeqing Jiao
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing100875, P.R. China
| | - Hongmei Su
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing100875, P.R. China
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20
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Sustainable organic synthesis promoted on titanium dioxide using coordinated water and renewable energies/resources. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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21
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Issa Hamoud H, Wolski L, Pankin I, Bañares MA, Daturi M, El-Roz M. In situ and Operando Spectroscopies in Photocatalysis: Powerful Techniques for a Better Understanding of the Performance and the Reaction Mechanism. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2022; 380:37. [PMID: 35951125 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-022-00387-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
In photocatalysis, a set of elemental steps are involved together at different timescales to govern the overall efficiency of the process. These steps are divided as follow: (1) photon absorption and excitation (in femtoseconds), (2) charge separation (femto- to picoseconds), (3) charge carrier diffusion/transport (nano- to microseconds), and (4 and 5) reactant activation/conversion and mass transfer (micro- to milliseconds). The identification and quantification of these steps, using the appropriate tool/technique, can provide the guidelines to emphasize the most influential key parameter that improve the overall efficiency and to develop the "photocatalyst by design" concept. In this review, the identification/quantification of reactant activation/conversion and mass transfer (steps 4 and 5) is discussed in details using the in situ/operando techniques, especially the infrared (IR), Raman, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). The use of these techniques in photocatalysis was highlighted by the most recent and conclusive case studies which allow a better characterization of the active site and reveal the reaction pathways in order to establish a structure-performance relationship. In each case study, the reaction conditions and the reactor design for photocatalysis (pressure, temperature, concentration, etc.) were thoroughly discussed. In the last part, some examples in the use of time-resolved techniques (time-resolved FTIR, photoluminescence, and transient absorption) are also presented as an author's guideline to study the elemental steps in photocatalysis at shorter timescale (ps, ns, and µs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Houeida Issa Hamoud
- Laboratoire Catalyse et Spectrochimie, Normandie Université, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, 14050, Caen, France
| | - Lukasz Wolski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Ilia Pankin
- Smart Materials, Research Institute, Southern Federal University, Sladkova Street 174/28, 344090, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Miguel A Bañares
- Catalytic Spectroscopy Laboratory, Instituto de Catalisis, ICP-CSIC, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marco Daturi
- Laboratoire Catalyse et Spectrochimie, Normandie Université, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, 14050, Caen, France
| | - Mohamad El-Roz
- Laboratoire Catalyse et Spectrochimie, Normandie Université, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, 14050, Caen, France.
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22
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Ma J, Miao TJ, Tang J. Charge carrier dynamics and reaction intermediates in heterogeneous photocatalysis by time-resolved spectroscopies. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:5777-5794. [PMID: 35770623 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs01164b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sunlight as the most abundant renewable energy holds the promise to make our society sustainable. However, due to its low power density and intermittence, efficient conversion and storage of solar energy as a clean fuel are crucial. Apart from solar fuel synthesis, sunlight can also be used to drive other reactions including organic conversion and air/water purification. Given such potential of photocatalysis, the past few decades have seen a surge in the discovery of photocatalysts. However, the current photocatalytic efficiency is still very moderate. To address this challenge, it is important to understand fundamental factors that dominate the efficiency of a photocatalytic process to enable the rational design and development of photocatalytic systems. Many recent studies highlighted transient absorption spectroscopy (TAS) and time-resolved infrared (TRIR) spectroscopy as powerful approaches to characterise charge carrier dynamics and reaction pathways to elucidate the reasons behind low photocatalytic efficiencies, and to rationalise photocatalytic activities exhibited by closely related materials. Accordingly, as a fast-moving area, the past decade has witnessed an explosion in reports on charge carrier dynamics and reaction mechanisms on a wide range of photocatalytic materials. This critical review will discuss the application of TAS and TRIR in a wide range of heterogeneous photocatalytic systems, demonstrating the variety of ways in which these techniques can be used to understand the correlation between materials design, charge carrier behaviour, and photocatalytic activity. Finally, it provides a comprehensive outlook for potential developments in the area of time-resolved spectroscopies with an aim to provide design strategies for photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiani Ma
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, and the Energy and Catalysis Hub, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Tina Jingyan Miao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London (UCL), WC1E 7JE, London, UK.,Department of Chemistry, University College London (UCL), WC1H 0AJ, London, UK.
| | - Junwang Tang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London (UCL), WC1E 7JE, London, UK
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23
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Wang L, Zhang J, Yu H, Patir IH, Li Y, Wageh S, Al-Ghamdi AA, Yu J. Dynamics of Photogenerated Charge Carriers in Inorganic/Organic S-Scheme Heterojunctions. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:4695-4700. [PMID: 35605285 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Step-scheme heterojunctions formed between two firmly bound photocatalysts facilitate charge separation due to interfacial charge transfer, which is usually illustrated by the gain or loss of electrons in the constituent photocatalysts characterized by in situ irradiated X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. This technique provides a steady-state view of charge distribution but overlooks the transient and complex dynamics of charge transfer, trapping, and recombination. To provide a molecular-level and dynamic view of these processes, we investigated the behaviors of photogenerated charge carriers within an inorganic/organic TiO2/polydopamine S-scheme heterojunction using ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy and time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy. We found the interfacial charge transfer within the step-scheme heterojunction occurred at a smaller shorter time scale than recombination, leading to efficient charge separation. Moreover, the charge-discharge property of polydopamine induces electron backflow, which should be avoided in practical photocatalytic applications. The composite showed higher photocatalytic H2O2-production activities due to faster H2O2 formation and suppressed H2O2 decomposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linxi Wang
- Laboratory of Solar Fuel, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Laboratory of Solar Fuel, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Huogen Yu
- Laboratory of Solar Fuel, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Imren H Patir
- Department of Biotechnology, Selçuk University, Konya, 42250, Turkey
| | - Youji Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jishou University, Jishou, Hunan 416000, China
| | - Swelm Wageh
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jiaguo Yu
- Laboratory of Solar Fuel, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
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24
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Hussain A, Hou J, Tahir M, Ali S, Rehman ZU, Bilal M, Zhang T, Dou Q, Wang X. Recent advances in BiOX-based photocatalysts to enhanced efficiency for energy and environment applications. CATALYSIS REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/01614940.2022.2041836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asif Hussain
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, PR China
- School of Physics, College of Physical Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, 225127, Yangzhou, P.R. China
- Department of Physics, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Jianhua Hou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, PR China
- School of Physics, College of Physical Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, 225127, Yangzhou, P.R. China
- Guangling College, Yangzhou University, 225009, Yangzhou, Jiangsu. PR, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, 210095, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Muhammad Tahir
- Physics Department, Division of Science & Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - S.S Ali
- School of Physical Sciences University of the Punjab Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Zia Ur Rehman
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, PR China
- School of Physics, College of Physical Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, 225127, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, PR China
- School of Physics, College of Physical Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, 225127, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, PR China
| | - Qian Dou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, PR China
| | - Xiaozhi Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, PR China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, 210095, Nanjing, P. R. China
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25
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Ashoka A, Tamming RR, Girija AV, Bretscher H, Verma SD, Yang SD, Lu CH, Hodgkiss JM, Ritchie D, Chen C, Smith CG, Schnedermann C, Price MB, Chen K, Rao A. Extracting quantitative dielectric properties from pump-probe spectroscopy. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1437. [PMID: 35301311 PMCID: PMC8931171 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29112-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Optical pump-probe spectroscopy is a powerful tool for the study of non-equilibrium electronic dynamics and finds wide applications across a range of fields, from physics and chemistry to material science and biology. However, a shortcoming of conventional pump-probe spectroscopy is that photoinduced changes in transmission, reflection and scattering can simultaneously contribute to the measured differential spectra, leading to ambiguities in assigning the origin of spectral signatures and ruling out quantitative interpretation of the spectra. Ideally, these methods would measure the underlying dielectric function (or the complex refractive index) which would then directly provide quantitative information on the transient excited state dynamics free of these ambiguities. Here we present and test a model independent route to transform differential transmission or reflection spectra, measured via conventional optical pump-probe spectroscopy, to changes in the quantitative transient dielectric function. We benchmark this method against changes in the real refractive index measured using time-resolved Frequency Domain Interferometry in prototypical inorganic and organic semiconductor films. Our methodology can be applied to existing and future pump-probe data sets, allowing for an unambiguous and quantitative characterisation of the transient photoexcited spectra of materials. This in turn will accelerate the adoption of pump-probe spectroscopy as a facile and robust materials characterisation and screening tool. Photoinduced changes in transmission, reflection and scattering prevent conventional pump-probe spectroscopy to unambiguously assign the origin of spectral signatures. Ashoka et al. have developed an optical modelling technique to extract quantitative and unambiguous changes in the dielectric function from standard pump-probe measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Ashoka
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ronnie R Tamming
- Robinson Research Institute, Faculty of Engineering, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, 6012, New Zealand.,School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, 6012, New Zealand.,MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington, 6012, New Zealand
| | - Aswathy V Girija
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hope Bretscher
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sachin Dev Verma
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhopal, 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Shang-Da Yang
- Institute of Photonics Technologies, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsuan Lu
- Institute of Photonics Technologies, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Justin M Hodgkiss
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, 6012, New Zealand.,MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington, 6012, New Zealand
| | - David Ritchie
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE, Cambridge, UK
| | - Chong Chen
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE, Cambridge, UK
| | - Charles G Smith
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE, Cambridge, UK
| | - Christoph Schnedermann
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michael B Price
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, 6012, New Zealand.,MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington, 6012, New Zealand
| | - Kai Chen
- Robinson Research Institute, Faculty of Engineering, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, 6012, New Zealand.,MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington, 6012, New Zealand.,The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand
| | - Akshay Rao
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE, Cambridge, UK.
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26
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Ghosh HNATH, Goswami T, Bhatt H, Yadav DK. Atomically Thin 2D Photocatalysts for Boosted H2 Production from the perspective of Transient Absorption Spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:19121-19143. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02148j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Excited state photophysical processes play the most important role in deciding the efficiency of any photonic applications like solar light driven H2 evolution, which is considered to be the next...
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27
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Cao J, Yin Z, Pang Q, Lu Y, Nong X, Zhang JZ. Modulating optical properties and interfacial electron transfer of CsPbBr 3 perovskite nanocrystals via indium ion and chlorine ion co-doping. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:234701. [PMID: 34937354 DOI: 10.1063/5.0076037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we demonstrated an in situ approach for doping CsPbBr3 nanocrystals (NCs) with In3+ and Cl- with a ligand-assisted precipitation method at room temperature. The In3+ and Cl- co-doped NCs are characterized by the powder x-ray diffraction patterns, ultraviolet-visible, photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, time-resolved PL (TRPL), ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Based on PL and TRPL results, the non-radiative nature of In3+-doping induced localized impurity states is revealed. Furthermore, the impact of In3+ and Cl- doping on charge transfer (CT) from the NCs to molecular acceptors was investigated and the results indicate that the CT at the interface of NCs can be tuned and promoted by In3+ and Cl- co-doping. This enhanced CT is attributed to the enlarged energy difference between relevant states of the molecular acceptor and the NCs by In3+ and Cl- upon co-doping. This work provides insight into how to control interfacial CT in perovskite NCs, which is important for optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfei Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zuodong Yin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Pang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuexi Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuqing Nong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Zhong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
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28
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Piercy V, Saeed KH, Prentice AW, Neri G, Li C, Gardner AM, Bai Y, Sprick RS, Sazanovich IV, Cooper AI, Rosseinsky MJ, Zwijnenburg MA, Cowan AJ. Time-Resolved Raman Spectroscopy of Polaron Formation in a Polymer Photocatalyst. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:10899-10905. [PMID: 34730969 PMCID: PMC8591663 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Polymer photocatalysts are a synthetically diverse class of materials that can be used for the production of solar fuels such as H2, but the underlying mechanisms by which they operate are poorly understood. Time-resolved vibrational spectroscopy provides a powerful structure-specific probe of photogenerated species. Here we report the use of time-resolved resonance Raman (TR3) spectroscopy to study the formation of polaron pairs and electron polarons in one of the most active linear polymer photocatalysts for H2 production, poly(dibenzo[b,d]thiophene sulfone), P10. We identify that polaron-pair formation prior to thermalization of the initially generated excited states is an important pathway for the generation of long-lived photoelectrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verity
L. Piercy
- Stephenson
Institute for Renewable Energy and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZF, U.K.
| | - Khezar H. Saeed
- Stephenson
Institute for Renewable Energy and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZF, U.K.
| | - Andrew W. Prentice
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K.
| | - Gaia Neri
- Stephenson
Institute for Renewable Energy and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZF, U.K.
| | - Chao Li
- Stephenson
Institute for Renewable Energy and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZF, U.K.
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, 51 Oxford Street, Liverpool L7 3NY, U.K.
| | - Adrian M. Gardner
- Stephenson
Institute for Renewable Energy and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZF, U.K.
| | - Yang Bai
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, 51 Oxford Street, Liverpool L7 3NY, U.K.
| | - Reiner Sebastian Sprick
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, 51 Oxford Street, Liverpool L7 3NY, U.K.
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University
of Strathclyde, Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K.
| | - Igor V. Sazanovich
- Central
Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory,
Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, U.K.
| | - Andrew I. Cooper
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, 51 Oxford Street, Liverpool L7 3NY, U.K.
| | - Matthew J. Rosseinsky
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, 51 Oxford Street, Liverpool L7 3NY, U.K.
| | - Martijn A. Zwijnenburg
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K.
| | - Alexander J. Cowan
- Stephenson
Institute for Renewable Energy and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZF, U.K.
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29
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Zhu H, Xiao S, Tu W, Yan S, He T, Zhu X, Yao Y, Zhou Y, Zou Z. In Situ Determination of Polaron-Mediated Ultrafast Electron Trapping in Rutile TiO 2 Nanorod Photoanodes. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:10815-10822. [PMID: 34726410 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mechanistic understanding of the photogenerated charge carrier dynamics in modified semiconductor photoanodes is vital for the efficient enhancement of photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. Here, an in situ femtosecond (fs)-transient absorption spectroscopy (TAS) assisted spectroelectrochemistry technique is used to probe the behavior of charge carriers in rutile TiO2 nanorod photoanodes under the different applied potentials and different density of surface polaron states that can be tuned via direct electrochemical protonation. We interpreted the background absorption with long-time decay in terms of polaron-mediated ultrafast electron trapping. The depleted surface polaron states on rutile TiO2 nanorods can trap photogenerated electrons and endow them with a long lifetime; thus, increasing the polaron state density can enhance the charge separation efficiency and the photocurrent density of the TiO2 nanorod electrode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Zhu
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, P.R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P.R. China
| | - Shuyu Xiao
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060, P.R. China
| | - Wenguang Tu
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, P.R. China
| | - Shicheng Yan
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, P.R. China
| | - Tingchao He
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060, P.R. China
| | - Xi Zhu
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, P.R. China
| | - Yingfang Yao
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, P.R. China
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, P.R. China
| | - Yong Zhou
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, P.R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nano Technology, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, P.R. China
| | - Zhigang Zou
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, P.R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nano Technology, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, P.R. China
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30
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Thickness-Dependent Photocatalysis of Ultra-Thin MoS2 Film for Visible-Light-Driven CO2 Reduction. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11111295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The thickness of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) plays a key role in enhancing their photocatalytic CO2 reduction activity. However, the optimum thickness of the layered TMDs that is required to achieve sufficient light absorption and excellent crystallinity has still not been definitively determined. In this work, ultra-thin molybdenum disulfide films (MoS2TF) with 25 nm thickness presented remarkable photocatalytic activity, and the product yield increased by about 2.3 times. The photocatalytic mechanism corresponding to the TMDs’ thickness was also proposed. This work demonstrates that the thickness optimization of TMDs provides a cogent direction for the design of high-performance photocatalysts.
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31
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Kosaka T, Ando T, Hisatomi T, Nishiyama H, Zhou Y, Domen K, Takahashi Y, Onishi H. Microelectrode-based transient amperometry of O 2 adsorption and desorption on a SrTiO 3 photocatalyst excited under water. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:19386-19393. [PMID: 34473157 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03264j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Oxygen evolution at water-solid interfaces is a key reaction for sustainable energy production. Although some intermediate states have been detected in transient absorption spectroscopy, the O2 evolution kinetics after the multi-step, four-electron oxidation of water remain unknown. In this study, transient amperometry with a microelectrode was applied to operando O2 detection over Al-doped SrTiO3 particles doubly loaded with RhCrOx and CoOy cocatalysts, an efficient photocatalyst for the overall water-splitting reaction. Electrochemical O2 detection at intervals of 0.1 s unexpectedly indicated instantaneous O2 adsorption and desorption in addition to steady, photocatalytic O2 evolution on the photocatalyst modified under intense light irradiation. We hypothesized that electrons excited in the conduction band were transferred to O2 in water thorough Ti cations neighboring an oxygen anion vacancy on the modified Al-doped SrTiO3. The negatively charged O2 was then bound to the Ti cations. It was neutralized and released when shaded through electron back-transfer to the conduction band. The hypothesized mechanism for O2 adsorption and desorption was compared with the photoinduced O2 desorption known to occur on anion vacancies of TiO2(110). The microelectrode-based transient amperometry demonstrated in this paper will be applied to many other phenomena at liquid-solid interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumu Kosaka
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
| | - Tomohiro Ando
- Division of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Takashi Hisatomi
- Research Initiative for Supra-Materials, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Nagano 380-8553, Japan.,Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nishiyama
- Office of University Professors, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yuanshu Zhou
- Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Kazunari Domen
- Research Initiative for Supra-Materials, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Nagano 380-8553, Japan.,Office of University Professors, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Takahashi
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan.,Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Onishi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan. .,Research Center for Membrane and Film Technology, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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32
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Li J, Chen H, Triana CA, Patzke GR. Hematite Photoanodes for Water Oxidation: Electronic Transitions, Carrier Dynamics, and Surface Energetics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:18380-18396. [PMID: 33761172 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202101783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We review the current understanding of charge carriers in model hematite photoanodes at different stages. The origin of charge carriers is discussed based on the electronic structure and absorption features, highlighting the controversial assignment of the electronic transitions near the absorption edge. Next, the dynamic evolution of charge carriers is analyzed both on the ultrafast and on the surface reaction timescales, with special emphasis on the arguable spectroscopic assignment of electrons/holes and their kinetics. Further, the competitive charge transfer centers at the solid-liquid interface are reviewed, and the chemical nature of relevant surface states is updated. Finally, an overview on the function of widely employed surface cocatalysts is given to illustrate the complex influence of physiochemical modifications on the charge carrier dynamics. The understanding of charge carriers from their origin all the way to their interfacial transfer is vital for the future of photoanode design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingguo Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carlos A Triana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Greta R Patzke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
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33
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Li J, Chen H, Triana CA, Patzke GR. Hematite Photoanodes for Water Oxidation: Electronic Transitions, Carrier Dynamics, and Surface Energetics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202101783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingguo Li
- Department of Chemistry University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 CH-8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Hang Chen
- Department of Chemistry University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 CH-8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Carlos A. Triana
- Department of Chemistry University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 CH-8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Greta R. Patzke
- Department of Chemistry University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 CH-8057 Zurich Switzerland
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34
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Onur Şahin E, Dai Y, Chan CK, Tüysüz H, Schmidt W, Lim J, Zhang S, Scheu C, Weidenthaler C. Monitoring the Structure Evolution of Titanium Oxide Photocatalysts: From the Molecular Form via the Amorphous State to the Crystalline Phase. Chemistry 2021; 27:11600-11608. [PMID: 34060158 PMCID: PMC8456846 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Amorphous Tix Oy with high surface area has attracted significant interest as photocatalyst with higher activity in ultraviolet (UV) light-induced water splitting applications compared to commercial nanocrystalline TiO2 . Under photocatalytic operation conditions, the structure of the molecular titanium alkoxide precursor rearranges upon hydrolysis and leads to higher connectivity of the structure-building units. Structurally ordered domains with sizes smaller than 7 Å form larger aggregates. The experimental scattering data can be explained best with a structure model consisting of an anatase-like core and a distorted shell. Upon exposure to UV light, the white Tix Oy suspension turns dark corresponding to the reduction of Ti4+ to Ti3+ as confirmed by electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). Heat-induced crystallisation was followed by in situ temperature-dependent total scattering experiments. First, ordering in the Ti-O environment takes place upon to 350 °C. Above this temperature, the distorted anatase core starts to grow but the structure obtained at 400 °C is still not fully ordered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezgi Onur Şahin
- Heterogeneous CatalysisMax-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungKaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 145470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
| | - Yitao Dai
- Heterogeneous CatalysisMax-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungKaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 145470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
| | - Candace K. Chan
- Heterogeneous CatalysisMax-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungKaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 145470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
- Materials Science and EngineeringSchool for Engineering of MatterTransport and Energy (SEMTE)Arizona State UniversityAZ 85287-8706TempeUSA
| | - Harun Tüysüz
- Heterogeneous CatalysisMax-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungKaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 145470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
| | - Wolfgang Schmidt
- Heterogeneous CatalysisMax-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungKaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 145470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
| | - Joohyun Lim
- Nanoanalytics and InterfacesMax-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbHMax-Planck-Straße 140237DüsseldorfGermany
- Department of ChemistryKangwon National University24341ChuncheonRepublic of Korea
| | - Siyuan Zhang
- Nanoanalytics and InterfacesMax-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbHMax-Planck-Straße 140237DüsseldorfGermany
| | - Christina Scheu
- Nanoanalytics and InterfacesMax-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbHMax-Planck-Straße 140237DüsseldorfGermany
| | - Claudia Weidenthaler
- Heterogeneous CatalysisMax-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungKaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 145470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
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35
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Batista V, Li C, Smith W, Wang D. Introducing special issue on photocatalysis and photoelectrochemistry. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:190401. [PMID: 34240913 DOI: 10.1063/5.0053681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Victor Batista
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Can Li
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Wilson Smith
- Delft Technological University, University of Colorado, NREL, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
| | - Dunwei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA
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36
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Miao TJ, Wang C, Xiong L, Li X, Xie J, Tang J. In Situ Investigation of Charge Performance in Anatase TiO 2 Powder for Methane Conversion by Vis-NIR Spectroscopy. ACS Catal 2021; 11:8226-8238. [PMID: 34306811 PMCID: PMC8291573 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c01998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The
intrinsic behavior of photogenerated charges and reactions
with chemicals are key for a photocatalytic process. To observe these
basic steps is of great importance. Here we present a reliable and
robust system to monitor these basic steps in powder photocatalysts,
and more importantly to elucidate the key issue in photocatalytic
methane conversion over the benchmark catalyst TiO2. Under
constant excitation, the absorption signal across the NIR region was
demonstrated to be dominated by photoexcited electrons, the absorption
of photoexcited holes increases toward shorter wavelengths in the
visible region, and the overall shapes of the photoinduced absorption
spectra obtained using the system demonstrated in the present work
are consistent with widely accepted transient absorption results.
Next, in situ measurements provide direct experimental
evidence that the initial step of methane activation over TiO2 involves oxidation by photoexcited holes. It is calculated
that 90 ± 6% of photoexcited electrons are scavenged by O2 (in dry air), 61 ± 9% of photoexcited holes are scavenged
by methane (10% in argon), and a similar amount of photoexcited electrons
can be scavenged by O2 even when the O2 concentration
is reduced by a factor of 10. The present results suggest that O2 is much more easily activated in comparison to methane over
anatase TiO2, which rationalizes the much higher methane/O2 ratio frequently used in practice in comparison to that required
stoichiometrically for photocatalytic production of value-added chemicals
via methane oxidation with oxygen. In addition, methanol (a preferable
product of methane oxidation) is much more readily oxidized than methane
over anatase TiO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Jingyan Miao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, U.K
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, U.K
| | - Lunqiao Xiong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, U.K
| | - Xiyi Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, U.K
| | - Jijia Xie
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, U.K
| | - Junwang Tang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, U.K
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37
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Hniopek J, Müller C, Bocklitz T, Schmitt M, Dietzek B, Popp J. Kinetic-Model-Free Analysis of Transient Absorption Spectra Enabled by 2D Correlation Analysis. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:4148-4153. [PMID: 33890789 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Here, we present, to the best of our knowledge for the first time, a systematic study of utilizing 2D correlation analysis in the field of femtosecond transient absorption (fs-TA) spectroscopy. We present that the application of 2D correlation spectroscopy (2DCOS) to fs-TA spectroscopy enables a model-free means to analyze excited state kinetics, which is demonstrated on the model system [(tbbpy)2Ru(dppz)]2+ in different solvents. We show that TA-2DCOS is able to determine the number of processes contributing to the time-resolved spectral changes in fs-TA data sets, as well as extract the spectral response of these components. Overall, the results show that TA-2DCOS leads to the same results as obtained with methods relying on global lifetime analysis or multivariate curve resolution but without the need to specify a predetermined kinetic model. The work presented therefore highlights the potential of TA-2DCOS as a model-free approach for analyzing fs-TA spectral data sets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Hniopek
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Abbe Center of Photonics, Albert-Einstein-Str. 6, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Carolin Müller
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Bocklitz
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Abbe Center of Photonics, Albert-Einstein-Str. 6, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Schmitt
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Abbe Center of Photonics, Albert-Einstein-Str. 6, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Benjamin Dietzek
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Abbe Center of Photonics, Albert-Einstein-Str. 6, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Jürgen Popp
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Abbe Center of Photonics, Albert-Einstein-Str. 6, 07745 Jena, Germany
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38
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Kranz C, Wächtler M. Characterizing photocatalysts for water splitting: from atoms to bulk and from slow to ultrafast processes. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:1407-1437. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00526f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
This review provides a comprehensive overview on characterisation techniques for light-driven redox-catalysts highlighting spectroscopic, microscopic, electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Kranz
- Ulm University
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry
- 89081 Ulm
- Germany
| | - Maria Wächtler
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology
- Department Functional Interfaces
- 07745 Jena
- Germany
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
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39
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Forster M, Cheung DWF, Gardner AM, Cowan AJ. Potential and pitfalls: On the use of transient absorption spectroscopy for in situ and operando studies of photoelectrodes. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:150901. [PMID: 33092350 DOI: 10.1063/5.0022138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we discuss the application, advantages, and potential pitfalls of using transient UV/Vis (ultraviolet-visible) absorption spectroscopy to study photoelectrodes for water splitting. We revisit one of the most commonly studied water oxidation photoanodes (α-Fe2O3-x) to provide commentary and guidelines on experiment design and data analysis for transient absorption (TA) studies of photoelectrodes within a photoelectrochemical cell. We also assess the applicability of such in situ TA studies to understand photoelectrodes under operating conditions. A major limitation is that most, if not all, past in situ TA studies have been carried out using only pulsed light sources to generate carriers, with the electrode held in the dark at other times, which is shown to be a poor model for operating conditions. However, with a simple modification of existing TA experiments, a simple operando TA measurement is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Forster
- Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy and The Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel W F Cheung
- Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy and The Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian M Gardner
- Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy and The Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander J Cowan
- Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy and The Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
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40
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Paradzah AT, Maabong-Tau K, Diale M, Krüger TPJ. Photoelectrochemical performance and ultrafast dynamics of photogenerated electrons and holes in highly titanium-doped hematite. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:27450-27457. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp04954a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We present electron–hole recombination rates in improved hematite photoelectrodes containing pseudobrookite and titania overlayers due to high doping.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mmantsae Diale
- Department of Physics
- University of Pretoria
- Private Bag X20
- Hatfield 0028
- South Africa
| | - Tjaart P. J. Krüger
- Department of Physics
- University of Pretoria
- Private Bag X20
- Hatfield 0028
- South Africa
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