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Wang Y, Zhan S, Hu Y, Chen X, Yin S. Understanding the Formation and Growth of New Atmospheric Particles at the Molecular Level through Laboratory Molecular Beam Experiments. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202400108. [PMID: 38497136 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202400108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Atmospheric new particle formation (NPF), which exerts comprehensive implications for climate, air quality and human health, has received extensive attention. From molecule to cluster is the initial and most important stage of the nucleation process of atmospheric new particles. However, due to the complexity of the nucleation process and limitations of experimental characterization techniques, there is still a great uncertainty in understanding the nucleation mechanism at the molecular level. Laboratory-based molecular beam methods can experimentally implement the generation and growth of typical atmospheric gas-phase nucleation precursors to nanoscale clusters, characterize the key physical and chemical properties of clusters such as structure and composition, and obtain a series of their physicochemical parameters, including association rate coefficients, electron binding energy, pickup cross section and pickup probability and so on. These parameters can quantitatively illustrate the physicochemical properties of the cluster, and evaluate the effect of different gas phase nucleation precursors on the formation and growth of atmospheric new particles. We review the present literatures on atmospheric cluster formation and reaction employing the experimental method of laboratory molecular beam. The experimental apparatuses were classified and summarized from three aspects of cluster generation, growth and detection processes. Focus of this review is on the properties of nucleation clusters involving different precursor molecules of water, sulfuric acid, nitric acid and NxOy, respectively. We hope this review will provide a deep insight for effects of cluster physicochemical properties on nucleation, and reveal the formation and growth mechanism of atmospheric new particle at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadong Wang
- MOE & Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science & Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Spectral Analysis and Functional Probes, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, P. R. China
| | - Shiyu Zhan
- MOE & Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science & Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Spectral Analysis and Functional Probes, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, P. R. China
| | - Yongjun Hu
- MOE & Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science & Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Spectral Analysis and Functional Probes, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, P. R. China
| | - Xi Chen
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, P. R. China
| | - Shi Yin
- MOE & Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science & Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Spectral Analysis and Functional Probes, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, P. R. China
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2
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Frederiks NC, Johnson CJ. Photochemical Mechanisms in Atmospherically Relevant Iodine Oxide Clusters. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:6306-6314. [PMID: 38856106 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c01324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Atmospheric new particle formation events can be driven by iodine oxides or oxoacids via both neutral and ionic mechanisms. Photolysis of new particles likely plays a significant role in their growth mechanisms, but their spectra and photolysis mechanisms remain difficult to characterize. We recorded ultraviolet (UV) photodissociation spectra of (I2O5)0-3(IO3-) clusters, observing loss of an O atom, I2O4, and (I2O5)1,2 in the atmospherically relevant range of 300-340 nm. With increasing cluster size, the intensity of absorption red shifts and generally increases, suggesting particles photolyze more frequently as they grow. Estimates of the rates indicate that even relatively small clusters are likely to undergo photolysis under high-UV conditions. Vibrational spectra identify the covalent moiety I3O8- as the likely chromophore, not IO3-. The I2O5 loss pathway competes with particle growth, while the slower O loss pathway likely produces 3O + 3(cluster) products that could drive subsequent intraparticle chemistry, particularly with co-adsorbed organic or amine species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoline C Frederiks
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Christopher J Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
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3
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Hariharan A, Bready CJ, Ajello JG, Black SH, Shields GC, Johnson CJ. Stability and Structure of Potentially Atmospherically Relevant Glycine Ammonium Bisulfate Clusters. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:4268-4278. [PMID: 38752426 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c01629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
New particle formation (NPF) is the process by which trace atmospheric acids and bases cluster and grow into particles that ultimately impact climate. Sulfuric acid concentration drives NPF, but nitrogen-containing bases promote the formation of more stable clusters via salt bridge formation. Recent computational efforts have suggested that amino acids can enhance NPF, predicting that they can stabilize new particles via multiple protonation sites, but there has yet to be experimental validation of these predictions. We used mass spectrometry and infrared spectroscopy to study the structure and stability of cationic clusters composed of glycine, sulfuric acid, and ammonia. When collisionally activated, clusters were significantly more likely to eliminate ammonia or sulfuric acid than glycine, while quantum chemical calculations predicted lower binding free energies for ammonia but similar binding free energies for glycine and sulfuric acid. These calculations predicted several low-energy structures, so we compared experimental and computed vibrational spectra to attempt to validate the computationally predicted minimum energy structure. Unambiguous identification of the experimental structure by comparison to these calculations was made difficult by the complexity of the experimental spectra and the fact that the identity of the computed lowest-energy structure depended strongly on temperature. If their vapors are present, amino acids are likely to be enriched in new particles by displacing more weakly bound ammonia, similar to the behavior of other atmospheric amines. The carboxylic acid groups were found to preferentially interact with other carboxylic acids, suggesting incipient organic/inorganic phase separation even at these small sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annapoorani Hariharan
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Rd., Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Conor J Bready
- Department of Chemistry, Furman University, 3300 Poinsett Highway, Greenville, South Carolina 29613, United States
| | - Jack G Ajello
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Rd., Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Samantha H Black
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Rd., Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - George C Shields
- Department of Chemistry, Furman University, 3300 Poinsett Highway, Greenville, South Carolina 29613, United States
| | - Christopher J Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Rd., Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
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4
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Frederiks NC, Heaney DD, Kreinbihl JJ, Johnson CJ. The Competition between Hydrogen, Halogen, and Covalent Bonding in Atmospherically Relevant Ammonium Iodate Clusters. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:1165-1175. [PMID: 36595580 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c10841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Iodine-containing clusters are expected to be central to new particle formation (NPF) events in polar and midlatitude coastal regions. Iodine oxoacids and iodine oxides are observed in newly formed clusters, and in more polluted midlatitude settings, theoretical studies suggest ammonia may increase growth rates. Structural information was obtained via infrared (IR) spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations for a series of clusters containing ammonia, iodic acid, and iodine pentoxide. Structures for five of the smallest cationic clusters present in the mass spectrum were identified, and four of the structures were found to preferentially form halogen and/or covalent bonds over hydrogen bonds. Ammonia is important in proton transfer from iodic acid components and also provides a scaffold to template the formation of a halogen and covalent bonded backbone. The calculations executed for the two largest clusters studied suggested the formation of a covalent I3O8- anion within the clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoline C Frederiks
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Rd., Stony Brook, New York11794, United States
| | - Danika D Heaney
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Rd., Stony Brook, New York11794, United States
| | - John J Kreinbihl
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Rd., Stony Brook, New York11794, United States
| | - Christopher J Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Rd., Stony Brook, New York11794, United States
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Molina FL, Jara-Toro RA, Noble JA, Dedonder-Lardeux C, Jouvet C, Pino GA. Photodetachment of Deprotonated R-Mandelic Acid: The Role of Proton Delocalization on the Radical Stability. Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202200324. [PMID: 36000956 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The photodetachment and stability of R-Mandelate, the deprotonated form of the R-Mandelic acid, was investigated by observing the neutral species issued from either simple photodetachment or dissociative photodetachment in a cold anions set-up. R-Mandalate has the possibility to form an intramolecular ionic hydrogen-bond between adjacent hydroxyl and carboxylate groups. The potential energy surface along the proton transfer (PT) coordinate between both groups (O- …H+ …- OCO) features a single local minima, with the proton localized on the O- group (OH…- OCO). However, the structure with the proton localized on the - OCO group (O- …HOCO) is also observed because it falls within the extremity of the vibrational wavefunction of the OH…- OCO isomer along the PT coordinate. The stability of the corresponding radicals, produced upon photodetachment, is strongly dependent on the position of the proton in the anion: the radicals produced from the OH…- OCO isomer decarboxylate without barrier, while the radicals produced from the O- …HOCO isomer are stable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco L Molina
- INFIQC: Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba (CONICET - UNC) -, Haya de la Torre s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina.,Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba -, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina.,Centro Láser de Ciencias Moleculares -, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre s/n, Pabellón Argentina, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Rafael A Jara-Toro
- INFIQC: Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba (CONICET - UNC) -, Haya de la Torre s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina.,Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba -, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina.,Centro Láser de Ciencias Moleculares -, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre s/n, Pabellón Argentina, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Jennifer A Noble
- Physique des Interactions Ioniques et Moléculaires (PIIM), CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, 13397, Marseille, France
| | - Claude Dedonder-Lardeux
- Physique des Interactions Ioniques et Moléculaires (PIIM), CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, 13397, Marseille, France
| | - Christophe Jouvet
- Physique des Interactions Ioniques et Moléculaires (PIIM), CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, 13397, Marseille, France
| | - Gustavo A Pino
- INFIQC: Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba (CONICET - UNC) -, Haya de la Torre s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina.,Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba -, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina.,Centro Láser de Ciencias Moleculares -, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre s/n, Pabellón Argentina, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
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6
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Kowzan G, Allison TK. Controlling Rotationally Resolved Two-Dimensional Infrared Spectra with Polarization. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:11650-11654. [PMID: 36485074 PMCID: PMC9791651 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Recent advancements in infrared frequency combs will enable facile recording of coherent two-dimensional infrared spectra of gas-phase molecules with rotational resolution (RR2DIR). Using time-dependent density-matrix perturbation theory and angular momentum algebra techniques, we derive new polarization conditions unique to freely rotating molecules and absent in the condensed phase. These polarization conditions can be used to suppress parts of 2DIR rovibrational response, clarifying complicated RR2DIR spectra. With the polarization control methods described here, RR2DIR spectroscopy can be a powerful tool for studying complex gas mixtures of polyatomic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Kowzan
- Department
of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York11790-3400, United
States
- Institute
of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, ul. Grudzia̧dzka 5, 87-100Toruń, Poland
| | - Thomas K. Allison
- Department
of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York11790-3400, United
States
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York11790-3400, United
States
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Lin CK, Kuo JL. Anharmonic IR spectra of solvated ammonium and aminium ions: resemblance between water and bisulfate solvations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:20318-20325. [PMID: 35979887 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00663d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we analyze the vibrational spectra of ammonium, methylammonium, and dimethylammonium ions solvated by either water molecules or bisulfate anions using anharmonic vibrational algorithms. Rich and complicated spectral features in the 2700-3200 cm-1 region of the experimental spectra of these clusters are attributed to originate from strong Fermi resonance between hydrogen-bonded NH stretching fundamentals and NH bending overtones. Additional weaker bands around 2500-2600 cm-1 in solvated aminium ions are assigned to the combination tones involving the CH-NH (methyl-amino) rocking modes. Furthermore, the qualitative resemblance in band positions and spectral patterns between two-water-solvated and two-bisulfate-solvated cations suggest a common vibrational coupling scheme beneath the two seemingly different micro-solvation environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Kai Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Jer-Lai Kuo
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan, Republic of China. .,Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, Republic of China.,International Graduate Program of Molecular Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan, Republic of China
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8
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Chen L, Dean JLS, Fournier JA. Time-Domain Vibrational Action Spectroscopy of Cryogenically Cooled, Messenger-Tagged Ions Using Ultrafast IR Pulses. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:10235-10244. [PMID: 34788043 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c01996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we present the initial steps toward developing a framework that will enable the characterization of photoinitiated dynamics within large molecular ions in the gas phase with temporal and energy resolution. We combine the established techniques of tag-loss action spectroscopy on cryogenically trapped molecular ions with ultrafast vibrational spectroscopy by measuring the linear action spectrum of N2-tagged protonated diglycine (GlyGlyH+·N2) with an ultrafast infrared (IR) pulse pair. The presented time-domain data demonstrate that the excited-state vibrational populations in the tagged parent ions are modulated by the ultrafast IR pulse pair and encoded through the messenger tag-loss action response. The Fourier transform of the time-domain action interferograms yields the linear frequency-domain vibrational spectrum of the ion ensemble, and we show that this spectrum matches the linear spectrum collected in a traditional manner using a frequency-resolved IR laser. Time- and frequency-domain interpretations of the data are considered and discussed. Finally, we demonstrate the acquisition of nonlinear signals through cross-polarization pump-probe experiments. These results validate the prerequisite first steps of combining tag-loss action spectroscopy with two-dimensional IR spectroscopy for probing dynamics in gas-phase molecular ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangyi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130 United States
| | - Jessika L S Dean
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130 United States
| | - Joseph A Fournier
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130 United States
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9
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Thomas DA, Taccone M, Ober K, Mucha E, Meijer G, von Helden G. Helium Nanodroplet Infrared Action Spectroscopy of the Proton-Bound Dimer of Hydrogen Sulfate and Formate: Examining Nuclear Quantum Effects. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:9279-9287. [PMID: 34652165 PMCID: PMC8558860 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c05705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The proton-bound dimer of hydrogen sulfate and formate is an archetypal structure for ionic hydrogen-bonding complexes that contribute to biogenic aerosol nucleation. Of central importance for the structure and properties of this complex is the location of the bridging proton connecting the two conjugate base moieties. The potential energy surface for bridging proton translocation features two local minima, with the proton localized at either the formate or hydrogen sulfate moiety. However, electronic structure methods reveal a shallow potential energy surface governing proton translocation, with a barrier on the order of the zero-point energy. This shallow potential complicates structural assignment and necessitates a consideration of nuclear quantum effects. In this work, we probe the structure of this complex and its isotopologues, utilizing infrared (IR) action spectroscopy of ions captured in helium nanodroplets. The IR spectra indicate a structure in which a proton is shared between the hydrogen sulfate and formate moieties, HSO4-···H+···-OOCH. However, because of the nuclear quantum effects and vibrational anharmonicities associated with the shallow potential for proton translocation, the extent of proton displacement from the formate moiety remains unclear, requiring further experiments or more advanced theoretical treatments for additional insight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Thomas
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martín Taccone
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Katja Ober
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Eike Mucha
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerard Meijer
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gert von Helden
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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Ball BT, Vanovac S, Odbadrakh TT, Shields GC. Monomers of Glycine and Serine Have a Limited Ability to Hydrate in the Atmosphere. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:8454-8467. [PMID: 34529444 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c05466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The role of atmospheric aerosols on climate change is one of the biggest uncertainties in most global climate models. Organic aerosols have been identified as potential cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), and amino acids are organic molecules that could serve as CCN. Amino acids make up a significant portion of the total organic material in the atmosphere, and herein we present a systematic study of hydration for two of the most common atmospheric amino acids, glycine and serine. We compute DLPNO/CCSD(T)//M08-HX/MG3S thermodynamic properties and atmospheric concentrations of Gly(H2O)n and Ser(H2O)n, where n = 1-5. We predict that serine-water clusters have higher concentrations at n = 1 and 5, while glycine-water clusters have higher concentrations at n = 2-4. However, both glycine and serine are inferred to exist primarily in their nonhydrated monomer forms in the absence of other species such as sulfuric acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin T Ball
- Department of Chemistry, Furman University, Greenville, South Carolina 29613, United States
| | - Sara Vanovac
- Department of Chemistry, Furman University, Greenville, South Carolina 29613, United States
| | - Tuguldur T Odbadrakh
- Department of Chemistry, Furman University, Greenville, South Carolina 29613, United States
| | - George C Shields
- Department of Chemistry, Furman University, Greenville, South Carolina 29613, United States
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11
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Kurfman LA, Odbadrakh TT, Shields GC. Calculating Reliable Gibbs Free Energies for Formation of Gas-Phase Clusters that Are Critical for Atmospheric Chemistry: (H 2SO 4) 3. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:3169-3176. [PMID: 33825467 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c00872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The effects of atmospheric aerosols on our climate are one of the biggest uncertainties in global climate models. Calculating the pathway for the formation of pre-nucleation clusters that become aerosols is challenging, requiring a comprehensive analysis of configurational space and highly accurate Gibbs free energy calculations. We identified a large set of minimum energy configurations of (H2SO4)3 using a sampling technique based on a genetic algorithm and a stepwise density functional theory (DFT) approach and computed the thermodynamics of formation of these configurations with more accurate wavefunction-based electronic energies computed on the DFT geometries. The DLPNO-CCSD(T) methods always return more positive energies compared to the DFT energies. Within the DLPNO-CCSD(T) methods, extrapolating to the complete basis set limit gives more positive free energies compared to explicitly correlated single-point energies. The CBS extrapolation was shown to be robust as both the 4-5 inverse polynomial and Riemann zeta function schemes were within chemical accuracy of one another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke A Kurfman
- Department of Chemistry, Furman University, Greenville, South Carolina 29613-0002, United States
| | - Tuguldur T Odbadrakh
- Department of Chemistry, Furman University, Greenville, South Carolina 29613-0002, United States
| | - George C Shields
- Department of Chemistry, Furman University, Greenville, South Carolina 29613-0002, United States
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12
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Kreinbihl JJ, Frederiks NC, Johnson CJ. Hydration motifs of ammonium bisulfate clusters show complex temperature dependence. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:014304. [PMID: 33412869 DOI: 10.1063/5.0037965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of water in the formation of particles from atmospheric trace gases is not well understood, in large part due to difficulties in detecting its presence under atmospheric conditions and the variety of possible structures that must be screened computationally. Here, we use infrared spectroscopy and variable-temperature ion trap mass spectrometry to investigate the structural motifs adopted by water bound to ammonium bisulfate clusters and their temperature dependence. For clusters featuring only acid-base linkages, water adopts a bridging arrangement spanning an adjacent ammonium and bisulfate. For larger clusters, water can also insert into a bisulfate-bisulfate hydrogen bond, yielding hydration isomers with very similar binding energies. The population of these isomers shows a complex temperature evolution, as an apparent third isomer appears with a temperature dependence that is difficult to explain using simple thermodynamic arguments. These observations suggest that the thermodynamics of water binding to atmospheric clusters such as these may not be straightforward.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Kreinbihl
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, USA
| | - Nicoline C Frederiks
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, USA
| | - Christopher J Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, USA
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