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Kostecka A, Kalamon N, Skoniecka A, Koczkowska M, Skowron PM, Piotrowski A, Pikuła M. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells in clinical trials: Insights from single-cell studies. Life Sci 2024; 351:122761. [PMID: 38866216 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs) offer tremendous potential for the treatment of various diseases and their healing properties have been explored in hundreds of clinical trials. These trails primarily focus on immunological and neurological disorders, as well as regenerative medicine. Adipose tissue is a rich source of mesenchymal stromal cells and methods to obtain and culture adipose-derived MSCs (AD-MSCs) have been well established. Promising results from pre-clinical testing of AD-MSCs activity prompted clinical trials that further led to the approval of AD-MSCs for the treatment of complex perianal fistulas in Crohn's disease and subcutaneous tissue defects. However, AD-MSC heterogeneity along with various manufacturing protocols or different strategies to boost their activity create the need for standardized quality control procedures and safety assessment of the intended cell product. High-resolution transcriptomic methods have been recently gaining attention, as they deliver insight into gene expression profiles of individual cells, helping to deconstruct cellular hierarchy and differentiation trajectories, and to understand cell-cell interactions within tissues. This article presents a comprehensive overview of completed clinical trials evaluating the safety and efficacy of AD-MSC treatment, together with current single-cell studies of human AD-MSC. Furthermore, our work emphasizes the increasing significance of single-cell research in elucidating the mechanisms of cellular action and predicting their therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kostecka
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland; 3P - Medicine Laboratory, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Natalia Kalamon
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Aneta Skoniecka
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Division of Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Dębinki 1, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Koczkowska
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland; 3P - Medicine Laboratory, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Piotr M Skowron
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Arkadiusz Piotrowski
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland; 3P - Medicine Laboratory, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Michał Pikuła
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Division of Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Dębinki 1, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland.
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2
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Ruoss S, Nasamran CA, Ball ST, Chen JL, Halter KN, Bruno KA, Whisenant TC, Parekh JN, Dorn SN, Esparza MC, Bremner SN, Fisch KM, Engler AJ, Ward SR. Comparative single-cell transcriptional and proteomic atlas of clinical-grade injectable mesenchymal source tissues. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadn2831. [PMID: 38996032 PMCID: PMC11244553 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adn2831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC) and adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction (ADSVF) are the most marketed stem cell therapies to treat a variety of conditions in the general population and elite athletes. Both tissues have been used interchangeably clinically even though their detailed composition, heterogeneity, and mechanisms of action have neither been rigorously inventoried nor compared. This lack of information has prevented investigations into ideal dosages and has facilitated anecdata and misinformation. Here, we analyzed single-cell transcriptomes, proteomes, and flow cytometry profiles from paired clinical-grade BMAC and ADSVF. This comparative transcriptional atlas challenges the prevalent notion that there is one therapeutic cell type present in both tissues. We also provide data of surface markers that may enable isolation and investigation of cell (sub)populations. Furthermore, the proteome atlas highlights intertissue and interpatient heterogeneity of injected proteins with potentially regenerative or immunomodulatory capacities. An interactive webtool is available online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Severin Ruoss
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Chanond A. Nasamran
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Scott T. Ball
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey L. Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Pain, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kenneth N. Halter
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Pain, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kelly A. Bruno
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Pain, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Thomas C. Whisenant
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jesal N. Parekh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Shanelle N. Dorn
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mary C. Esparza
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Kathleen M. Fisch
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Adam J. Engler
- Chien-Lay Department of Bioengineering, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Samuel R. Ward
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Chien-Lay Department of Bioengineering, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Radiology, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Mureed M, Fatima A, Sattar T, Aiman Batool S, Zahid A, Usman Khan H, Fatima A, Shahid H, Nasir S, Yizdin M, Tehmahb E, Tebyaniyan H. The Complementary Roles of Neurological and Musculoskeletal Physical Therapy and Regenerative Medicine: A Comprehensive Review. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:1062. [PMID: 39064491 PMCID: PMC11278673 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60071062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Regenerative medicine, encompassing various therapeutic approaches aimed at tissue repair and regeneration, has emerged as a promising field in the realm of physical therapy. Aim: This comprehensive review seeks to explore the evolving role of regenerative medicine within the domain of physical therapy, highlighting its potential applications, challenges, and current trends. Researchers selected publications of pertinent studies from 2015 to 2024 and performed an exhaustive review of electronic databases such as PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar using the targeted keywords "regenerative medicine", "rehabilitation", "tissue repair", and "physical therapy" to screen applicable studies according to preset parameters for eligibility, then compiled key insights from the extracted data. Several regenerative medicine methods that are applied in physical therapy, in particular, stem cell therapy, platelet-rich plasma (PRP), tissue engineering, and growth factor treatments, were analyzed in this research study. The corresponding efficacy of these methods in the recovery process were also elaborated, including a discussion on facilitating tissue repair, alleviating pain, and improving functional restoration. Additionally, this review reports the challenges concerning regenerative therapies, among them the standardization of protocols, safety concerns, and ethical issues. Regenerative medicine bears considerable potential as an adjunctive therapy in physiotherapy, providing new pathways for improving tissue repair and functional results. Although significant strides have been made in interpreting the potential of regenerative techniques, further research is warranted to enhance protocols, establish safety profiles, and increase access and availability. Merging regenerative medicine into the structure of physical therapy indicates a transformative alteration in clinical practice, with the benefit of increasing patient care and improving long-term results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Mureed
- The University of Lahore, Lahore 54570, Pakistan; (M.M.); (H.U.K.); (H.S.)
| | - Arooj Fatima
- University Institute of Physical Therapy, University of Lahore, Lahore 54570, Pakistan; (A.F.); (T.S.); (S.A.B.)
| | - Tayyaba Sattar
- University Institute of Physical Therapy, University of Lahore, Lahore 54570, Pakistan; (A.F.); (T.S.); (S.A.B.)
| | - Syeda Aiman Batool
- University Institute of Physical Therapy, University of Lahore, Lahore 54570, Pakistan; (A.F.); (T.S.); (S.A.B.)
| | - Ambreen Zahid
- Institute of Physical Therapy, University of Lahore, Lahore 54570, Pakistan;
| | - Haleema Usman Khan
- The University of Lahore, Lahore 54570, Pakistan; (M.M.); (H.U.K.); (H.S.)
| | | | - Hamna Shahid
- The University of Lahore, Lahore 54570, Pakistan; (M.M.); (H.U.K.); (H.S.)
| | - Saba Nasir
- Forman Christian College University, Lahore 54600, Pakistan;
| | - Mehsn Yizdin
- Department of Science and Research, Islimic Azade University, Tehran 14878-92855, Iran
| | - Elih Tehmahb
- Department of Science and Research, Islimic Azade University, Tehran 14878-92855, Iran
| | - Hamid Tebyaniyan
- Department of Science and Research, Islimic Azade University, Tehran 14878-92855, Iran
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Meechem MB, Jadli AS, Patel VB. Uncovering the link between diabetes and cardiovascular diseases: insights from adipose-derived stem cells. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2024; 102:229-241. [PMID: 38198660 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2023-0282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The escalating global occurrence of obesity and diabetes mellitus (DM) has led to a significant upsurge in individuals afflicted with CVDs. As the prevalence of CVDs continues to rise, it is becoming increasingly important to identify the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms that contribute to their development and progression, which will help discover novel therapeutic avenues. Adipose tissue (AT) is a connective tissue that plays a crucial role in maintaining lipid and glucose homeostasis. However, when AT is exposed to diseased conditions, such as DM, this tissue will alter its phenotype to become dysfunctional. AT is now recognized as a critical contributor to CVDs, especially in patients with DM. AT is comprised of a heterogeneous cellular population, which includes adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs). ADSCs resident in AT are believed to regulate physiological cardiac function and have potential cardioprotective roles. However, recent studies have also shown that ADSCs from various adipose tissue depots become pro-apoptotic, pro-inflammatory, less angiogenic, and lose their ability to differentiate into various cell lineages upon exposure to diabetic conditions. This review aims to summarize the current understanding of the physiological roles of ADSCs, the impact of DM on ADSC phenotypic changes, and how these alterations may contribute to the pathogenesis of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan B Meechem
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Anshul S Jadli
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Vaibhav B Patel
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Naseer N, Mustafa MM, Latief N, Fazal N, Tariq M, Afreen A, Yaqub F, Riazuddin S. Sarcococca saligna fabricated gold nanoparticles alleviated in vitro oxidative stress and inflammation in human adipose-derived stem cells. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2023; 111:2032-2043. [PMID: 37560935 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a destructive phenomenon that affects various cell structures including membranes, proteins, lipoproteins, lipids, and DNA. Oxidative stress and inflammation owing to lifestyle changes may lead to serious diseases such as Cancers, Gout, and Arthritis etc. These disorders can be prevented using different therapeutic strategies including nanomedicine. Biosynthesized gold nanoparticles (GNPs) because of their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant bioactivities can be key player in reversal of these ailments. This study was carried out to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential of bio fabricated GNPs with Sarcococca saligna (S. saligna) extract on injured human adipose-derived Mesenchymal stem cells (hADMSCs). GNPs were characterized by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and energy dispersive x-ray (EDS). Phytochemical screening of biosynthesized GNPs exhibited a significant release of polyphenols, that is, total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC). GNPs priming amended the in vitro injury caused by Monosodium Iodoacetate (MIA) as exhibited by improved cell viability, wound closure response and superoxide dismutase activity (SOD). The anti-inflammatory conduct assessed through NF-κB pathway and other associated inflammatory markers reported down-regulation of TNF-α (0.644 ± 0.045), IL-1β (0.694 ± 0.147) and IL-6 (0.622 ± 0.112), apoptosis causing genes like Caspase-3 (0.734 ± 0.13) and BAX (0.830 ± 0.12), NF-κB pathway, p65 (0.672 ± 0.084) and p105 (0.539 ± 0.083) associated genes. High SOD activity (95 ± 5.25%) revealed by treated hADMSCs with GNPs also supported the antioxidant role of GNPs in vitro model. This study concludes that S. saligna bio fabricated GNPs priming may improve the therapeutic potential of hADMSCs against chronic inflammatory problems by regulating NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Naseer
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Munam Mustafa
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Noreen Latief
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Numan Fazal
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tariq
- Department of Biotechnology, Mirpur University of Science and Technology (MUST), Mirpur, Pakistan
| | - Afshan Afreen
- Department of Biotechnology, Mirpur University of Science and Technology (MUST), Mirpur, Pakistan
| | - Faiza Yaqub
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sheikh Riazuddin
- Jinnah Burn and Reconstructive Surgery Center, Allama Iqbal Medical College (AIMC), Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
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Ishiuchi N, Nakashima A, Maeda S, Miura Y, Miyasako K, Sasaki K, Uchiki T, Sasaki A, Nagamatsu S, Nakao N, Nagao M, Masaki T. Comparison of therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cells derived from superficial and deep subcutaneous adipose tissues. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:121. [PMID: 37143086 PMCID: PMC10161523 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03350-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibrosis is a common histological feature in the process from chronic organ injury to organ failure. Chronic tissue injury causes inflammatory cell infiltration into the injured tissue. The persistence of this inflammatory cell infiltration leads to fibrosis and organ failure. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) have received much attention as a regenerative therapeutic tool to prevent progression from organ injury to failure. Subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue is divided into superficial and deep layers by a superficial fascia. Adipose tissue easily collected by liposuction is usually obtained from a deep layer, so ASCs derived from a deep layer are generally used for regenerative medicine. However, no research has been conducted to investigate differences in the therapeutic effects of ASCs from the superficial and deep layers (Sup-ASCs and Deep-ASCs, respectively). Therefore, we compared the therapeutic potencies of Sup-ASCs and Deep-ASCs. METHODS ASCs were isolated from superficial and deep subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissues collected from patients who underwent breast reconstruction. We first compared cell characteristics, such as morphology, cell proliferation, cell surface markers, adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation, cell senescence markers, and expression of coagulation and anticoagulant factors between Sup-ASCs and Deep-ASCs. Furthermore, we compared their ability to promote polarization of M2 macrophages and to inhibit transforming growth factor (TGF)-β/Smad signaling using THP-1 cells and TGF-β1 stimulated HK-2 cells incubated with conditioned media from Sup-ASCs or Deep-ASCs. In in vivo experiments, after renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) procedure, Sup-ASCs or Deep-ASCs were injected through the abdominal aorta. At 21 days post-injection, the rats were sacrificed and their left kidneys were collected to evaluate fibrosis. Finally, we performed RNA-sequencing analysis of Sup-ASCs and Deep-ASCs. RESULTS Sup-ASCs had greater proliferation and adipogenic differentiation compared with Deep-ASCs, whereas both ASC types had similar morphology, cell surface markers, senescence markers, and expression of coagulation and anticoagulant factors. Conditioned media from Sup-ASCs and Deep-ASCs equally promoted polarization of M2 macrophages and suppressed TGF-β/Smad signaling. Moreover, administration of Sup-ASCs and Deep-ASCs equally ameliorated renal fibrosis induced by IRI in rats. RNA-sequencing analysis revealed no significant difference in the expression of genes involved in anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects between Sup-ASCs and Deep-ASCs. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that both Sup-ASCs and Deep-ASCs can be used effectively and safely as an intravascular ASC therapy for organ injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Ishiuchi
- Department of Nephrology, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
- Center for Cause of Death Investigation Research, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Ayumu Nakashima
- Department of Nephrology, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan.
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Maeda
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
- TWOCELLS Company, Limited, 16-35 Hijiyama-honmachi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 732-0816, Japan
| | - Yoshie Miura
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
- TWOCELLS Company, Limited, 16-35 Hijiyama-honmachi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 732-0816, Japan
| | - Kisho Miyasako
- Department of Nephrology, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Kensuke Sasaki
- Department of Nephrology, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Toshio Uchiki
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Ayano Sasaki
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Shogo Nagamatsu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Naoki Nakao
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Masataka Nagao
- Center for Cause of Death Investigation Research, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Takao Masaki
- Department of Nephrology, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan.
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Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Basic Research and Clinical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043888. [PMID: 36835295 PMCID: PMC9962639 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (AD-MSCs) have been extensively studied in recent years. Their attractiveness is due to the ease of obtaining clinical material (fat tissue, lipoaspirate) and the relatively large number of AD-MSCs present in adipose tissue. In addition, AD-MSCs possess a high regenerative potential and immunomodulatory activities. Therefore, AD-MSCs have great potential in stem cell-based therapies in wound healing as well as in orthopedic, cardiovascular, or autoimmune diseases. There are many ongoing clinical trials on AD-MSC and in many cases their effectiveness has been proven. In this article, we present current knowledge about AD-MSCs based on our experience and other authors. We also demonstrate the application of AD-MSCs in selected pre-clinical models and clinical studies. Adipose-derived stromal cells can also be the pillar of the next generation of stem cells that will be chemically or genetically modified. Despite much research on these cells, there are still important and interesting areas to explore.
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The Osteogenic Potential of Falciform Ligament-Derived Stromal Cells-A Comparative Analysis between Two Osteogenic Induction Programs. BIOENGINEERING (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:bioengineering9120810. [PMID: 36551016 PMCID: PMC9774535 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9120810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have gained special relevance in bone tissue regenerative applications. MSCs have been isolated from different depots, with adipose tissue being acknowledged as one of the most convenient sources, given the wide availability, high cellular yield, and obtainability. Recently, the falciform ligament (FL) has been regarded as a potential depot for adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (FL-ADSCs) isolation. Nonetheless, the osteogenic capability of FL-ADSCs has not been previously characterized. Thus, the present study aimed the detailed characterization of FL-ADSCs' functionality upon osteogenic induction through a classic (dexamethasone-based-DEX) or an innovative strategy with retinoic acid (RA) in a comparative approach with ADSCs from a control visceral region. Cultures were characterized for cell proliferation, metabolic activity, cellular morphology, fluorescent cytoskeletal and mitochondrial organization, and osteogenic activity-gene expression analysis and cytochemical staining. FL-derived populations expressed significantly higher levels of osteogenic genes and cytochemical markers, particularly with DEX induction, as compared to control ADSCs that were more responsive to RA. FL-ADSCs were identified as a potential source for bone regenerative applications, given the heightened osteogenic functionality. Furthermore, data highlighted the importance of the selection of the most adequate osteogenic-inducing program concerning the specificities of the basal cell population.
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9
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Guo E, Wu J, Lu H, Wang L, Chen Q. Tissue-engineered bones with adipose-derived stem cells - composite polymer for repair of bone defects. Regen Med 2022; 17:643-657. [PMID: 35703025 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2022-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Development of alternative bone tissue graft materials based on tissue engineering technology has gradually become a research focus. Engineered bone composed of biodegradable, biosafe and bioactive materials is attractive, but also challenging. Materials & methods: An adipose-derived stem cell/poly(L-glutamic acid)/chitosan composite scaffold was further developed for construction of biodegradable and bone-promoting tissue-engineered bone. A series of composite scaffold materials with different physical properties such as structure, pore size, porosity and pore diameter was developed. Results: The composite scaffold showed good biodegradability and water absorption, and exhibited an excellent ability to promote bone differentiation. Conclusion: This type of biodegradable scaffold is expected to be applied to the field of bone repair or bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enqi Guo
- Department of Hand & Reconstructive Surgery, Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery Center, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Jianlong Wu
- Department of Hand & Reconstructive Surgery, Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery Center, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Hongrui Lu
- Department of Hand & Reconstructive Surgery, Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery Center, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Hand & Reconstructive Surgery, Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery Center, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Department of Hand & Reconstructive Surgery, Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery Center, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
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10
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Thankam FG, Huynh J, Fang W, Chen Y, Agrawal DK. Exosomal-ribosomal proteins-driven heterogeneity of epicardial adipose tissue derived stem cells under ischemia for cardiac regeneration. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2022; 16:396-408. [PMID: 35142442 DOI: 10.1002/term.3289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular ribosomal proteins secreted in exosomes elicit biological/regenerative responses; however, ribosomal proteins contained in the exosomes of ischemia-challenged epicardial adipose tissue-derived stem cells (EATDS) remain unexplored. This study focuses on the identification of ribosomal proteins in the exosomes of ischemia-challenged EATDS and their sub-populations based on the key ribosomal proteins using single-cell genomics. Exosomes were isolated from control, ischemic (ISC), and reperfused (ISC/R) EATDS harvested from hyperlipidemic microswine, and the proteins were detected using Liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). One hundred ninety-nine proteins and 177 proteins were detected in ISC and ISC/R groups, respectively with significant fold-change compared to controls. Five ribosomal proteins, RPL10A, 40SRPS18, 40SRPS30, 60SRPL14, and 40SRPSA, were significant owing to their abundance based on LC-MS/MS data. Expression of these proteins, except RPL10A, at transcript and protein levels were lower in ISC group compared to the control. scRNAseq analysis revealed EATDS heterogeneity based on the upregulation of 40SRPSA, 40SRPL18, and 40SRPS18. Pro-inflammatory sub-populations upregulated CCL5, anti-inflammatory sub-population upregulated IL-11, proliferative sub-population upregulated cell cycle and DNA replication mediators, and non-proliferative population downregulated the cell cycle and DNA replication mediators. Overall, the functional role of extracellular ribosomal proteins in driving unique phenotypes of EATDS population offers promise for designing effective translational approaches for myocardial regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Finosh G Thankam
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, USA
| | - James Huynh
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, USA
| | - William Fang
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, USA
| | - Yu Chen
- Molecular Instrumentation Center, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Devendra K Agrawal
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, USA
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11
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Milan G, Conci S, Sanna M, Favaretto F, Bettini S, Vettor R. ASCs and their role in obesity and metabolic diseases. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2021; 32:994-1006. [PMID: 34625375 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We describe adipose stromal/stem cells (ASCs) in the structural/functional context of the adipose tissue (AT) stem niche (adiponiche), including cell-cell interactions and the microenvironment, and emphasize findings obtained in humans and in lineage-tracing models. ASCs have distinctive markers, 'colors', and anatomical 'locations' which influence their functions. Each adiponiche component can become impaired, thereby contributing to the pathological AT alterations seen in obesity and metabolic diseases. We discuss adiposopathy with a focus on adiponiche dysfunction, and underline the mechanisms that control AT expansion and energy balance. Better understanding of adiponiche regulation and ASC features could help to identify therapeutic targets that favor weight loss and counteract weight regain, and also contribute to innovative strategies for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Milan
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Internal Medicine 3, 35128 Padua, Italy; Center for the Study and the Integrated Treatment of Obesity, Padua Hospital, 35128 Padua, Italy.
| | - Scilla Conci
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Internal Medicine 3, 35128 Padua, Italy; Center for the Study and the Integrated Treatment of Obesity, Padua Hospital, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Marta Sanna
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Internal Medicine 3, 35128 Padua, Italy; Center for the Study and the Integrated Treatment of Obesity, Padua Hospital, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Francesca Favaretto
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Internal Medicine 3, 35128 Padua, Italy; Center for the Study and the Integrated Treatment of Obesity, Padua Hospital, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Silvia Bettini
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Internal Medicine 3, 35128 Padua, Italy; Center for the Study and the Integrated Treatment of Obesity, Padua Hospital, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Roberto Vettor
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Internal Medicine 3, 35128 Padua, Italy; Center for the Study and the Integrated Treatment of Obesity, Padua Hospital, 35128 Padua, Italy
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12
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Thankam FG, Agrawal DK. Single Cell Genomics Identifies Unique Cardioprotective Phenotype of Stem Cells derived from Epicardial Adipose Tissue under Ischemia. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 18:294-335. [PMID: 34661829 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10273-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The conventional management strategies of myocardial infarction (MI) are effective to sustain life; however, myocardial regeneration has not been achieved owing to the inherently poor regenerative capacity of the native myocardium. Stem cell-based therapies are promising; however, lineage specificity and undesired differentiation profile are challenging. Herein, we focused on the epicardial fat (EF) as an ideal source for mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) owing to the proximity and same microvasculature with cardiac muscle. Unfortunately, the epicardial adipose tissue derived stem cells (EATDS) remain understudied regarding their phenotype heterogeneity and cardiac regeneration potential. As EF closely reflects the cardiac pathology during ischemia, the present study aims to determine the EATDS subpopulations under simulated ischemic and reperfused conditions employing single cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq). EATDS were isolated from three hyperlipidemic Yucatan microswine and were divided into Control, Ischemia (ISC), and Ischemia/reperfusion (ISC/R). The scRNAseq analysis was performed using 10 genomics platform which revealed 18 unique cell clusters suggesting the existence of heterogeneous phenotypes. The upregulated genes were taken into consideration and subsequent functional assessment revealed the cardioprotective phenotypes with diverse mechanisms including epigenetic regulation (Cluster 1), myocardial homeostasis (Cluster 1), cell integrity and cell cycle (Clusters 2 and 3), prevention of fibroblast differentiation (Cluster 4), differentiation to myocardial lineage (Cluster 6), anti-inflammatory responses (Clusters 5, 8, and 11), prevention of ER-stress (Cluster 9), and increasing the energy metabolism (Cluster 10). These unique phenotypes of heterogeneous EATDS population open significant translational opportunities for myocardial regeneration and cardiac management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Finosh G Thankam
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, 309 E. Second Street, Pomona, CA, 91766-1854, USA.
| | - Devendra K Agrawal
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, 309 E. Second Street, Pomona, CA, 91766-1854, USA
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Ong WK, Chakraborty S, Sugii S. Adipose Tissue: Understanding the Heterogeneity of Stem Cells for Regenerative Medicine. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11070918. [PMID: 34206204 PMCID: PMC8301750 DOI: 10.3390/biom11070918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) have been increasingly used as a versatile source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for diverse clinical investigations. However, their applications often become complicated due to heterogeneity arising from various factors. Cellular heterogeneity can occur due to: (i) nomenclature and criteria for definition; (ii) adipose tissue depots (e.g., subcutaneous fat, visceral fat) from which ASCs are isolated; (iii) donor and inter-subject variation (age, body mass index, gender, and disease state); (iv) species difference; and (v) study design (in vivo versus in vitro) and tools used (e.g., antibody isolation and culture conditions). There are also actual differences in resident cell types that exhibit ASC/MSC characteristics. Multilineage-differentiating stress-enduring (Muse) cells and dedifferentiated fat (DFAT) cells have been reported as an alternative or derivative source of ASCs for application in regenerative medicine. In this review, we discuss these factors that contribute to the heterogeneity of human ASCs in detail, and what should be taken into consideration for overcoming challenges associated with such heterogeneity in the clinical use of ASCs. Attempts to understand, define, and standardize cellular heterogeneity are important in supporting therapeutic strategies and regulatory considerations for the use of ASCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wee Kiat Ong
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (W.K.O.); (S.S.)
| | - Smarajit Chakraborty
- Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging (IBB), A*STAR, 31 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138669, Singapore;
| | - Shigeki Sugii
- Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging (IBB), A*STAR, 31 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138669, Singapore;
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Correspondence: (W.K.O.); (S.S.)
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