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Gießelmann NC, Lenz P, Meinert SM, Simon T, Bauer RPC, Jo W, Claas S, Köhn C, Striker NN, Fröba M, Lehmkühler F. The structure of ice under confinement in periodic mesoporous organosilicas (PMOs). J Chem Phys 2024; 161:034508. [PMID: 39017429 DOI: 10.1063/5.0216697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
We investigated the structure of ice under nanoporous confinement in periodic mesoporous organosilicas (PMOs) with different organic functionalities and pore diameters between 3.4 and 4.9 nm. X-ray scattering measurements of the system were performed at temperatures between 290 and 150 K. We report the emergence of ice I with both hexagonal and cubic characteristics in different porous materials, as well as an alteration of the lattice parameters when compared to bulk ice. This effect is dependent on the pore diameter and the surface chemistry of the respective PMO. Investigations regarding the orientation of hexagonal ice crystals relative to the pore wall using x-ray cross correlation analysis reveal one or more discrete preferred orientation in most of the samples. For a pore diameter of around 3.8 nm, stronger correlation peaks are present in more hydrophilically functionalized pores and seem to be connected to stronger shifts in the lattice parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels C Gießelmann
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Philip Lenz
- Institute of Inorganic and Applied Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sophia-Marie Meinert
- Institute of Inorganic and Applied Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tamás Simon
- Institute of Inorganic and Applied Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Robert P C Bauer
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Freiberg Center for Water Research, Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg, Winklerstraße 8, 09599 Freiberg, Germany
| | - Wonhyuk Jo
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Sarah Claas
- Institute of Inorganic and Applied Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Köhn
- Institute of Inorganic and Applied Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nele N Striker
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Fröba
- Institute of Inorganic and Applied Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Felix Lehmkühler
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
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2
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Winterstein S, Privalov AF, Greve C, Siegel R, Pötzschner B, Bettermann M, Adolph L, Timm J, Marschall R, Rössler EA, Herzig EM, Vogel M, Senker J. Ultrafast Proton Conduction in an Aqueous Electrolyte Confined in Adamantane-like Micropores of a Sulfonated, Aromatic Framework. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:27563-27575. [PMID: 38060438 PMCID: PMC10740000 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Sulfonated, cross-linked porous polymers are promising frameworks for aqueous high-performance electrolyte-host systems for electrochemical energy storage and conversion. The systems offer high proton conductivities, excellent chemical and mechanical stabilities, and straightforward water management. However, little is known about mass transport mechanisms in such nanostructured hosts. We report on the synthesis and postsynthetic sulfonation of an aromatic framework (SPAF-2) with a 3D-interconnected nanoporosity and varying sulfonation degrees. Water adsorption produces the system SPAF-2H20. It features proton exchange capacities up to 6 mequiv g-1 and exceptional proton conductivities of about 1 S cm-1. Two contributions are essential for the highly efficient transport. First, the nanometer-sized pores link the charge transport to the diffusion of adsorbed water molecules, which is almost as fast as bulk water. Second, continuous exchange between interface-bound and mobile species enhances the conductivities at elevated temperatures. SPAF-2H20 showcases how to tailor nanostructured electrolyte-host systems with liquid-like conductivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon
F. Winterstein
- Inorganic
Chemistry III and Northern Bavarian NMR Centre, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Alexei F. Privalov
- Institute
for Condensed Matter Physics, Technical
University of Darmstadt, Hochschulstr. 6, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Christopher Greve
- Dynamics
and Structure Formation, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Renée Siegel
- Inorganic
Chemistry III and Northern Bavarian NMR Centre, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Björn Pötzschner
- Inorganic
Chemistry III and Northern Bavarian NMR Centre, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Michael Bettermann
- Inorganic
Chemistry III and Northern Bavarian NMR Centre, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Lea Adolph
- Inorganic
Chemistry III and Northern Bavarian NMR Centre, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Jana Timm
- Physical
Chemistry III, Department of Chemistry, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Roland Marschall
- Physical
Chemistry III, Department of Chemistry, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Ernst A. Rössler
- Inorganic
Chemistry III and Northern Bavarian NMR Centre, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Eva M. Herzig
- Dynamics
and Structure Formation, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Michael Vogel
- Institute
for Condensed Matter Physics, Technical
University of Darmstadt, Hochschulstr. 6, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jürgen Senker
- Inorganic
Chemistry III and Northern Bavarian NMR Centre, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
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3
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Acharya GR, Tyagi M, Mamontov E, Hoffmann PM. Diffusion Dynamics of Water and Ethanol in Graphene Oxide. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:7384-7393. [PMID: 37556231 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c08960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
We utilized the momentum transfer (Q)-dependence of quasi-elastic neutron scattering (QENS) to measure the dynamics of water and ethanol confined in graphene oxide (GO) powder or membranes at different temperatures and in different orientations. We found reduced diffusivities (up to 30% in the case of water) and a depression of dynamic transition temperatures. While water showed near Arrhenius behavior with an almost bulk-like activation barrier in a temperature range of 280-310 K, the diffusivity of ethanol showed little temperature dependence. For both water and ethanol, we found evidence for immobile and mobile fractions of the confined liquid. The mobile fraction exhibited jump diffusion, with a jump length consistent with the expected average spacing of hydroxide groups in the GO surfaces. From anisotropy measurements, we found weak anisotropy in the diffusivity of the mobile species and in the fraction and geometry of immobile species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gobin Raj Acharya
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
| | - Madhusudan Tyagi
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-6102, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Eugene Mamontov
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P.O. Box 2008 MS6473, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Peter M Hoffmann
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
- Department of Physical Sciences, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, Florida 32114, United States
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4
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Rescigno M, Lucioli M, Alabarse FG, Ranieri U, Frick B, Coasne B, Bove LE. Low-Temperature Dynamics of Water Confined in Unidirectional Hydrophilic Zeolite Nanopores. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:4570-4576. [PMID: 37172261 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c00681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The dynamical properties of water molecules confined in the unidirectional hydrophilic nanopores of AlPO4-54 are investigated with quasi-elastic neutron scattering as a function of temperature down to 118 K. AlPO4-54 has among the largest pores known for aluminophosphates and zeolites (about 1.3 nm), though they are small enough to prevent water crystallization due to the high degree of confinement. Water molecular diffusion into the pore is here measured down to 258 K. Diffusion is slower than in bulk water and has an activation energy of Ea = (20.8 ± 2.8) kJ/mol, in agreement with previous studies on similar confining media. Surprisingly, local hydrogen dynamics associated with water reorientation is measured down to temperatures (118 K), i.e., well below the expected glass transition temperature of bulk water. The reorientational time scale shows the well-known non-Arrhenius behavior down to the freezing of water mass diffusion, while it shows a feeble temperature dependence below. This fast local dynamics, of the order of fractions of nanoseconds, is believed to take place in the dense, highly disordered amorphous water occupying the pore center, indicating its possible plastic nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rescigno
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, 00185 Roma, RM, Italy
| | - Matilde Lucioli
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, 00185 Roma, RM, Italy
| | | | - Umbertoluca Ranieri
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, 00185 Roma, RM, Italy
| | | | - Benoit Coasne
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LIPhy, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Livia E Bove
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, 00185 Roma, RM, Italy
- Sorbonne Université, UMR CNRS 7590, Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie (IMPMC), 75252 Paris, France
- Laboratory of Quantum Magnetism, Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fedeerale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
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5
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Liu A, Liu S, Wang K. Moisture Retention and Multi-mechanistic Transport Behavior in Nanoporous Coal. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:14941-14958. [PMID: 36398792 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Coal-water interactions induced by water retention in coals control the performance of coalbed methane reservoirs and coal utilizations. Experimental measurements on Illinois coal samples using X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, low-temperature N2 adsorption, low-pressure CO2 adsorption, and dynamic water vapor sorption were carried out. A mechanism-based isothermal model of water vapor sorption was proposed to estimate the water adsorption capacity at varied relative humidity, which implicitly considered both monolayer and multilayer adsorptions and capillary condensation. The analytical models for quantifying the stage-based diffusion coefficients as well as the apparent diffusion coefficients at different relative humidities were proposed and well validated. The contributions of different diffusion regimes to the total mass flow were discussed. At the first stage, both free water vapor diffusion and surface diffusion of adsorbed water molecules contribute to the total mass flow whereas the apparent diffusion at this stage is dominated by latter flow regime; during the second stage, the contribution of free water vapor flow to the apparent flow can be neglected and the mass transfer at this stage is still dominated by the surface diffusion flow; upon reaching the critical relative humidity, the flow in capillary condensation will dominate the total mass flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ang Liu
- Department of Energy and Mineral Engineering, G3 Center and Energy Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania16802, United States
| | - Shimin Liu
- Department of Energy and Mineral Engineering, G3 Center and Energy Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania16802, United States
| | - Kai Wang
- School of Emergency Management and Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing100083, China
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6
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Mercier F, Delhaye G, Teboul V. Activation induced fluidization of a confined viscous liquid. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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7
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Kraus H, Hansen N. An atomistic view on the uptake of aromatic compounds by cyclodextrin immobilized on mesoporous silica. ADSORPTION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10450-022-00356-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe effect of immobilized $$\upbeta$$
β
-cyclodextrin (bCD) molecules inside a mesoporous silica support on the uptake of benzene and p-nitrophenol from aqueous solution was investigated using all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The calculated adsorption isotherms are discussed with respect to the free energies of binding for a 1:1 complex of bCD and the aromatic guest molecule. The adsorption capacity of the bCD-containing material significantly exceeds the amount corresponding to a 1:1 binding scenario, in agreement with experimental observations. Beside the formation of 1:2 and, to a lesser extent, 1:3 host:guest complexes, also host–host interactions on the surface as well as more unspecific host–guest interactions govern the adsorption process. The demonstrated feasibility of classical all-atom MD simulations to calculate liquid phase adsorption isotherms paves the way to a molecular interpretation of experimental data that are too complex to be described by empirical models.
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8
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Malfait B, Jani A, Morineau D. Confining deep eutectic solvents in nanopores: Insight into thermodynamics and chemical activity. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.118488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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9
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Moon H, Collanton RP, Monroe JI, Casey TM, Shell MS, Han S, Scott SL. Evidence for Entropically Controlled Interfacial Hydration in Mesoporous Organosilicas. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:1766-1777. [PMID: 35041412 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c11342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
At aqueous interfaces, the distribution and dynamics of adsorbates are modulated by the behavior of interfacial water. Hydration of a hydrophobic surface can store entropy via the ordering of interfacial water, which contributes to the Gibbs energy of solute binding. However, there is little experimental evidence for the existence of such entropic reservoirs, and virtually no precedent for their rational design in systems involving extended interfaces. In this study, two series of mesoporous silicas were modified in distinct ways: (1) progressively deeper thermal dehydroxylation, via condensation of surface silanols, and (2) increasing incorporation of nonpolar organic linkers into the silica framework. Both approaches result in decreasing average surface polarity, manifested in a blue-shift in the fluorescence of an adsorbed dye. For the inorganic silicas, hydrogen-bonding of water becomes less extensive as the number of surface silanols decreases. Overhauser dynamic nuclear polarization (ODNP) relaxometry indicates enhanced surface water diffusivity, reflecting a loss of enthalpic hydration. In contrast, organosilicas show a monotonic decrease in surface water diffusivity with decreasing polarity, reflecting enhanced hydrophobic hydration. Molecular dynamics simulations predict increased tetrahedrality of interfacial water for the organosilicas, implying increased ordering near the nm-size organic domains (relative to inorganic silicas, which necessarily lack such domains). These findings validate the prediction that hydrophobic hydration at interfaces is controlled by the microscopic length scale of the hydrophobic regions. They further suggest that the hydration thermodynamics of structurally heterogeneous silica surfaces can be tuned to promote adsorption, which in turn tunes the selectivity in catalytic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjin Moon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5080, United States
| | - Ryan P Collanton
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5080, United States
| | - Jacob I Monroe
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5080, United States
| | - Thomas M Casey
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9510, United States
| | - M Scott Shell
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5080, United States
| | - Songi Han
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5080, United States.,Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9510, United States
| | - Susannah L Scott
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5080, United States.,Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9510, United States
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10
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Zheng L, Liu Z, Zhang Q, Li S, Huang J, Zhang L, Zan B, Tyagi M, Cheng H, Zuo T, Sakai VG, Yamada T, Yang C, Tan P, Jiang F, Chen H, Zhuang W, Hong L. Universal dynamical onset in water at distinct material interfaces. Chem Sci 2022; 13:4341-4351. [PMID: 35509458 PMCID: PMC9006901 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc04650k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interfacial water remains liquid and mobile much below 0 °C, imparting flexibility to the encapsulated materials to ensure their diverse functions at subzero temperatures. However, a united picture that can describe the dynamical differences of interfacial water on different materials and its role in imparting system-specific flexibility to distinct materials is lacking. By combining neutron spectroscopy and isotope labeling, we explored the dynamics of water and the underlying substrates independently below 0 °C across a broad range of materials. Surprisingly, while the function-related anharmonic dynamical onset in the materials exhibits diverse activation temperatures, the surface water presents a universal onset at a common temperature. Further analysis of the neutron experiment and simulation results revealed that the universal onset of water results from an intrinsic surface-independent relaxation: switching of hydrogen bonds between neighboring water molecules with a common energy barrier of ∼35 kJ mol−1. We demonstrated that the dynamical onset of interfacial water is an intrinsic property of water itself, resulting from a surface independent relaxation process in water with an approximately universal energy barrier of ∼35 kJ mol−1.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirong Zheng
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Institute of Natural Sciences, Shanghai National Center for Applied Mathematics (SJTU Center), MOE-LSC, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 35000, China
| | - Zhuo Liu
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Institute of Natural Sciences, Shanghai National Center for Applied Mathematics (SJTU Center), MOE-LSC, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028043, China
| | - Song Li
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Institute of Natural Sciences, Shanghai National Center for Applied Mathematics (SJTU Center), MOE-LSC, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Juan Huang
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Bing Zan
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Institute of Natural Sciences, Shanghai National Center for Applied Mathematics (SJTU Center), MOE-LSC, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Madhusudan Tyagi
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - He Cheng
- China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS), Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Dongguan 523803, China
- Dongguan Institute of Neutron Science (DINS), Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Taisen Zuo
- China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS), Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Dongguan 523803, China
- Dongguan Institute of Neutron Science (DINS), Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Victoria García Sakai
- ISIS Pulsed Neutron and Muon Source, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Science & Technology Facilities Council, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Takeshi Yamada
- Neutron Science and Technology Center, Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society, 162-1 Shirakata, Tokai, Naka, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
| | - Chenxing Yang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Institute of Natural Sciences, Shanghai National Center for Applied Mathematics (SJTU Center), MOE-LSC, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Pan Tan
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Institute of Natural Sciences, Shanghai National Center for Applied Mathematics (SJTU Center), MOE-LSC, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Fan Jiang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Institute of Natural Sciences, Shanghai National Center for Applied Mathematics (SJTU Center), MOE-LSC, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 35000, China
| | - Wei Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 35000, China
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Liang Hong
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Institute of Natural Sciences, Shanghai National Center for Applied Mathematics (SJTU Center), MOE-LSC, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Shanghai 200232, China
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11
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Brinker M, Huber P. Wafer-Scale Electroactive Nanoporous Silicon: Large and Fully Reversible Electrochemo-Mechanical Actuation in Aqueous Electrolytes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2105923. [PMID: 34677879 PMCID: PMC11468870 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202105923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nanoporosity in silicon results in interface-dominated mechanics, fluidics, and photonics that are often superior to the ones of the bulk material. However, their active control, for example, by electronic stimuli, is challenging due to the absence of intrinsic piezoelectricity in the base material. Here, for large-scale nanoporous silicon cantilevers wetted by aqueous electrolytes, electrosorption-induced mechanical stress generation of up to 600 kPa that is reversible and adjustable at will by potential variations of ≈1 V is shown. Laser cantilever bending experiments in combination with in operando voltammetry and step coulombmetry allow this large electro-actuation to be traced to the concerted action of 100 billions of parallel nanopores per square centimeter cross-section and determination of the capacitive charge-stress coupling parameter upon ion adsorption and desorption as well as the intimately related stress actuation dynamics for perchloric and isotonic saline solutions. A comparison with planar silicon surfaces reveals mechanistic insights on the observed electrocapillarity (Hellmann-Feynman interactions) with respect to the importance of oxide formation and wall roughness on the single-nanopore scale. The observation of robust electrochemo-mechanical actuation in a mainstream semiconductor with wafer-scale, self-organized nanoporosity opens up novel opportunities for on-chip integrated stress generation and actuorics at exceptionally low operation voltages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Brinker
- Institute for Materials and X‐Ray PhysicsHamburg University of Technology21073HamburgGermany
- Center for X‐Ray and Nano Science CXNSDeutsches Elektronen‐Synchrotron DESY22607HamburgGermany
- Center for Hybrid Nanostructures CHyNUniversity of Hamburg22607HamburgGermany
| | - Patrick Huber
- Institute for Materials and X‐Ray PhysicsHamburg University of Technology21073HamburgGermany
- Center for X‐Ray and Nano Science CXNSDeutsches Elektronen‐Synchrotron DESY22607HamburgGermany
- Center for Hybrid Nanostructures CHyNUniversity of Hamburg22607HamburgGermany
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12
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Tinti A, Camisasca G, Giacomello A. Structure and dynamics of water confined in cylindrical nanopores with varying hydrophobicity. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2021; 379:20200403. [PMID: 34455842 PMCID: PMC8403978 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2020.0403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report a detailed study of the main structural and dynamical features of water confined in model Lennard-Jones nanopores with tunable hydrophobicity and finite length ([Formula: see text] Å). The generic model of cylindrical confinement used is able to reproduce the wetting features of a large class of technologically and biologically relevant systems spanning from crystalline nanoporous materials, to mesoporous silica and ion channels. The aim of this work is to discuss the influence of parameters such as wall hydrophobicity, temperature, and pore size on the structural and dynamical features of confined water. Our simulation campaign confirmed the existence of a core domain in which water displays bulk-like structural features even in extreme ([Formula: see text] Å) confinement, while dynamical properties were shown to depend non-trivially on the size and hydrophobicity of the pores. This article is part of the theme issue 'Progress in mesoscale methods for fluid dynamics simulation'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Tinti
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica e Aerospaziale, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Gaia Camisasca
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Giacomello
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica e Aerospaziale, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
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13
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Díaz D, Nickel O, Moraga N, Catalán RE, Retamal MJ, Zelada H, Cisternas M, Meißner R, Huber P, Corrales TP, Volkmann UG. How water wets and self-hydrophilizes nanopatterns of physisorbed hydrocarbons. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 606:57-66. [PMID: 34388573 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.07.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Weakly bound, physisorbed hydrocarbons could in principle provide a similar water-repellency as obtained by chemisorption of strongly bound hydrophobic molecules at surfaces. EXPERIMENTS Here we present experiments and computer simulations on the wetting behaviour of water on molecularly thin, self-assembled alkane carpets of dotriacontane (n-C32H66 or C32) physisorbed on the hydrophilic native oxide layer of silicon surfaces during dip-coating from a binary alkane solution. By changing the dip-coating velocity we control the initial C32 surface coverage and achieve distinct film morphologies, encompassing homogeneous coatings with self-organised nanopatterns that range from dendritic nano-islands to stripes. FINDINGS These patterns exhibit a good water wettability even though the carpets are initially prepared with a high coverage of hydrophobic alkane molecules. Using in-liquid atomic force microscopy, along with molecular dynamics simulations, we trace this to a rearrangement of the alkane layers upon contact with water. This restructuring is correlated to the morphology of the C32 coatings, i.e. their fractal dimension. Water molecules displace to a large extent the first adsorbed alkane monolayer and thereby reduce the hydrophobic C32 surface coverage. Thus, our experiments evidence that water molecules can very effectively hydrophilize initially hydrophobic surfaces that consist of weakly bound hydrocarbon carpets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Díaz
- Instituto de Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile; Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ole Nickel
- Hamburg University of Technology, Institute of Polymers and Composites, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nicolás Moraga
- Instituto de Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Rodrigo E Catalán
- Instituto de Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - María José Retamal
- Instituto de Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Hugo Zelada
- Instituto de Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Marcelo Cisternas
- Instituto de Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Robert Meißner
- Hamburg University of Technology, Institute of Polymers and Composites, 21073 Hamburg, Germany; Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Institute of Surface Science, 21494 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Patrick Huber
- Hamburg University of Technology, Institute for Materials and X-Ray Physics, 21073 Hamburg, Germany; Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Centre for X-Ray and Nano Science CXNS, 22603 Hamburg, Germany; University of Hamburg, Centre for Hybrid Nanostructures CHyN, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Tomas P Corrales
- Departamento de Física, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaiso 2390123, Chile.
| | - Ulrich G Volkmann
- Instituto de Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile; Centro de Investigación en Nanotecnología y Materiales Avanzados (CIEN-UC), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile.
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