1
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Fisher KE, Herbst MF, Marzouk YM. Multitask methods for predicting molecular properties from heterogeneous data. J Chem Phys 2024; 161:014114. [PMID: 38958501 DOI: 10.1063/5.0201681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Data generation remains a bottleneck in training surrogate models to predict molecular properties. We demonstrate that multitask Gaussian process regression overcomes this limitation by leveraging both expensive and cheap data sources. In particular, we consider training sets constructed from coupled-cluster (CC) and density functional theory (DFT) data. We report that multitask surrogates can predict at CC-level accuracy with a reduction in data generation cost by over an order of magnitude. Of note, our approach allows the training set to include DFT data generated by a heterogeneous mix of exchange-correlation functionals without imposing any artificial hierarchy on functional accuracy. More generally, the multitask framework can accommodate a wider range of training set structures-including the full disparity between the different levels of fidelity-than existing kernel approaches based on Δ-learning although we show that the accuracy of the two approaches can be similar. Consequently, multitask regression can be a tool for reducing data generation costs even further by opportunistically exploiting existing data sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Fisher
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M F Herbst
- Mathematics for Materials Modelling, Institute of Mathematics and Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Y M Marzouk
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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2
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Li R. London Dispersion Effects on the Structure and Properties of Nonlinear Optical BiB 3O 6 Crystal. Chemphyschem 2024:e202400142. [PMID: 38655698 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202400142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
α-BiB3O6 (BiBO) is an important nonlinear optical (NLO) material with high efficiency for applications in harmonic generations and quantum technology. Owing to its low symmetry and cooperative Bi3+ lone pair arrangement, it has also exceptional large piezoelectric and electro-optic coefficients and strong anisotropies on other material characteristics. Previous theoretical calculations on its physical (mainly optical) properties often gave confusing results. It is found here that London dispersion (LD) tends to stabilize structures with closer pack entities like lone pair heavy ion Bi3+ with large polarizabilities, which is ignored in most previous density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Present study shows that without considering the LD effect, the structure of α-BiB3O6 (BiBO) was predicted with an over-estimated (by over 10 %) unique b-axis while underestimates a and overestimates c in a less amount. Consequently it is not possible to use the calculated structure to obtain meaningful properties of this important material. By applying a modified post-DFT LD correction based on linear combination of atomic orbitals (LCAO) and B3LYP functional, the experimental structure is well reproduced with the theoretical optimized one. Many important material property tensors of BiBO crystal are calculated in unprecedented precisions, including: dielectric constants (static and in THz range), elastic and elasto-optic constants, piezoelectric constants, refractive indices, NLO and electro-optic (EO) coefficients. Among them, theoretical calculation of the refractive indices in the THz range by diagonalizing the clamped-ion dielectric constants was firstly achieved at least for BiBO crystal. The calculation also confirms that BiBO has an exceptional large piezoelectric constant d22=40 pC/N and largest free EO coefficientsγ 12 T ${{\gamma }_{12}^{T}}$ ,γ 22 T ${{\gamma }_{22}^{T}}$ ,γ 32 T ${{\gamma }_{32}^{T}}$ on the order of 10 pm/V among borate crystals. The calculation also reveals that the large free EO coefficients are largely originated from the piezoelectric induced photo-elastic effect and for practical high speed applications only the clamped-ion EO coefficients take effect. The clamped ion EO coefficient ofγ 53 S ${{\gamma }_{53}^{S}}$ =-4.17 pm/V,γ b 1 S ${{\gamma }_{{\rm b}1}^{S}}$ =-2.61 pm/V are obtained for the first time and may be consulted if one seeks to design BiBO crystal as a high-speed EO modulator. Furthermore, full tensor matrix of the elasto-optic constants was obtained on the first time. Together with the calculated elastic constants, it can help to design acoustic optic modulating devices with preferable figure of merits 10 times that of traditional quartz crystal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rukang Li
- Beijing Centre for Crystal Research and Development, Key Laboratory of Functional Crystals and Laser Technology, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190
- China and Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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3
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Ditte M, Barborini M, Tkatchenko A. Quantum Drude oscillators coupled with Coulomb potential as an efficient model for bonded and non-covalent interactions in atomic dimers. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:094309. [PMID: 38445736 DOI: 10.1063/5.0196690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The quantum Drude oscillator (QDO) model has been widely used as an efficient surrogate to describe the electric response properties of matter as well as long-range interactions in molecules and materials. Most commonly, QDOs are coupled within the dipole approximation so that the Hamiltonian can be exactly diagonalized, which forms the basis for the many-body dispersion method [Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 236402 (2012)]. The dipole coupling is efficient and allows us to study non-covalent many-body effects in systems with thousands of atoms. However, there are two limitations: (i) the need to regularize the interaction at short distances with empirical damping functions and (ii) the lack of multipolar effects in the coupling potential. In this work, we convincingly address both limitations of the dipole-coupled QDO model by presenting a numerically exact solution of the Coulomb-coupled QDO model by means of quantum Monte Carlo methods. We calculate the potential-energy surfaces of homogeneous QDO dimers, analyzing their properties as a function of the three tunable parameters: frequency, reduced mass, and charge. We study the coupled-QDO model behavior at short distances and show how to parameterize this model to enable an effective description of chemical bonds, such as the covalent bond in the H2 molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matej Ditte
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg, L-1511 Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Matteo Barborini
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg, L-1511 Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Alexandre Tkatchenko
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg, L-1511 Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
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4
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Havenridge S, Aikens CM. Understanding the Ligand-Dependent Photoluminescent Mechanism in Small Alkynyl-Protected Gold Nanoclusters. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:9932-9943. [PMID: 37966050 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c04644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Alkynyl-protected gold clusters have recently gained attention because they are more structurally versatile than their thiolate-protected counterparts. Despite their flexibility, however, a higher photoluminescent quantum yield (PLQY) has been observed experimentally compared to that of organically soluble thiolate-protected clusters. Previous experiments have shown that changing the organic ligand, or R group, in these clusters does not affect the geometric or electronic properties of the core, leading to a similar absorption profile. This article serves as a follow-up to those experiments in which the geometric, optical, and photoluminescent (PL) properties of Au22(ETP)18 are pieced together to find the photoluminescence mechanism. These properties are then compared between Au22(C≡CR)18 clusters where the ligand is changed from R = ETP to PA and ET (ETP = 3-ethynylthiophene, PA = phenylacetylene, and ET = 3-ethynyltoluene). As the theoretical results do not reproduce the same absorption profile among the different ligands as in the experiment, this article also presents a supplementary benchmark of the geometric and optical properties among the three ligands for different levels of theory. The calculations show that the photoluminescence mechanism with the ETP ligand results in ligand-to-metal-to-metal charge transfer (LMMCT), while PA and ET are likely a result of core-dominated fluorescence. The changes are the result of the Au(I) ring atoms as well as how the aromatic groups are connected to the cluster. Additionally, dispersion, solvent, and polarization functions are all important to creating an accurate chemical environment, but the most useful tool in these calculations is the use of a long-range-corrected exchange-correlation functional.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shana Havenridge
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66502, United States
| | - Christine M Aikens
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66502, United States
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5
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Rumson AF, Johnson ER. Low thermal expansion of layered electrides predicted by density-functional theory. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:174701. [PMID: 37909456 DOI: 10.1063/5.0171959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Layered electrides are a unique class of materials with anionic electrons bound in interstitial regions between thin, positively charged atomic layers. While density-functional theory is the tool of choice for computational study of electrides, there has to date been no systematic comparison of density functionals or dispersion corrections for their accurate simulation. There has also been no research into the thermomechanical properties of layered electrides, with computational predictions considering only static lattices. In this work, we investigate the thermomechanical properties of five layered electrides using density-functional theory to evaluate the magnitude of thermal effects on their lattice constants and cell volumes. We also assess the accuracy of five popular dispersion corrections with both planewave and numerical atomic orbital calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian F Rumson
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Rd., Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Erin R Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Rd., Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
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6
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Nickerson CJ, Bryenton KR, Price AJA, Johnson ER. Comparison of Density-Functional Theory Dispersion Corrections for the DES15K Database. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:8712-8722. [PMID: 37793049 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c04332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
While density-functional theory (DFT) remains one of the most widely used tools in computational chemistry, most functionals fail to properly account for the effects of London dispersion. Hence, there are many popular post-self-consistent methods to add a dispersion correction to the DFT energy. Until now, the most popular methods have never been compared on equal footing due to not being implemented in the same electronic structure packages. In this work, we performed a large-scale benchmarking study, directly comparing the accuracy of the exchange-hole dipole moment (XDM), D3BJ, D4, TS, MBD, and MBD-NL dispersion models when applied to the recent DES15K database of nearly 15,000 molecular complexes at both expanded and compressed geometries. Our study showed similarly good performance for all dispersion methods (except TS) when applied to neutral complexes. However, they all performed worse for ionic complexes, particularly those involving dications of alkaline earth metals, due to systematic overbinding by the base PBE0 density functional. Investigation of the largest outliers also revealed that only the MBD and MBD-NL methods demonstrate surprising errors for complexes involving alkali metal cations at compressed geometries where they tended to significantly overbind. As we would expect minimal dispersion binding for such complexes, we further investigated the origins of these errors for the potential energy curve of a model cation-π complex. Overall, there is little choice between the XDM, D3BJ, D4, MBD, and MBD-NL dispersion methods for most systems. However, the MBD-based methods are not recommended for complexes involving organic species and alkali or alkaline earth metal cations, for example when modeling Li+ intercalation into graphite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron J Nickerson
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, 6310 Coburg Rd, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Kyle R Bryenton
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, 6310 Coburg Rd, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Alastair J A Price
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Rd, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Erin R Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Rd, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
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7
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Zhour K, Daouli A, Postnikov A, Hasnaoui A, Badawi M. Potential of nanostructured carbon materials for iodine detection in realistic environments revealed by first-principles calculations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:26461-26474. [PMID: 37752811 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02205f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
In the context of effective detection of iodine species (I2, CH3I) formed in nuclear power plants and nuclear fuel reprocessing facilities, we perform a comparative study of the potential sensing performance of four expectedly promising 2D materials (8-Pmmn borophene, BC3, C3N, and BC6N) towards the iodine-containing gases and, with the view of checking selectivity, towards common inhibiting gases in the containment atmosphere (H2O and CO), applying methods of dispersion-corrected density functional theory with periodic boundary conditions. A covalent bond is formed between the CO molecule and boron in BC3 or in 8-Pmmn borophene, compromising the anticipated applicability of these materials for iodine detection. The presence of nitrogen atoms in BC6N-2 prevents the formation of a covalent bond with CO; however, the closeness of adsorption energies for all the four gases studied does not distinguish this material as specifically sensitive to iodine species. Finally, the energies of adsorption on C3N yield a significant and promising discrimination between the adsorption energies of (I2, CH3I) vs. (CO, H2O), revealing possibilities for this material's use as an iodine sensor. The conclusions are supported by simulations at finite temperature; underlying electronic structures are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazem Zhour
- LCPT, Université de Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France.
| | - Ayoub Daouli
- LS2ME, Sultan Moulay Slimane University of Beni Mellal, FP-Khouribga, Morocco
| | | | - Abdellatif Hasnaoui
- LS2ME, Sultan Moulay Slimane University of Beni Mellal, FP-Khouribga, Morocco
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8
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Roy PO, Cuierrier E, Ernzerhof M. Generating Exchange-Correlation Functionals with a Simplified, Self-Consistent Correlation Factor Model. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:2026-2033. [PMID: 36802604 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c08397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
We focus on the spherically averaged exchange-correlation hole ρXC(r, u) of density functional theory, which describes the reduction in the electron density at a distance u due to the reference electron localized at position r. The correlation factor (CF) approach, where the model exchange hole ρXmodel(r, u) is multiplied by a CF (fC(r, u)) to yield an approximation to the exchange-correlation hole ρXC(r, u) = fC(r, u) ρXmodel(r, u), has proven to be a powerful tool for the development of new approximations. One of the remaining challenges within the CF approach is the self-consistent implementation of the resulting functionals. To address this issue, here we propose a simplification of the previously developed CFs such that self-consistent implementations become feasible. As an illustration of the simplified CF model, we develop a new meta-GGA functional, and using only a minimum of empiricism, we provide an easy derivation of an approximation that is of an accuracy similar to more involved meta-GGA functionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Olivier Roy
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succursale A, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Etienne Cuierrier
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succursale A, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Matthias Ernzerhof
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succursale A, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
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9
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Poier PP, Adjoua O, Lagardère L, Piquemal JP. Generalized Many-Body Dispersion Correction through Random-Phase Approximation for Chemically Accurate Density Functional Theory. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:1609-1617. [PMID: 36749715 PMCID: PMC9940194 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We extend our recently proposed Deep Learning-aided many-body dispersion (DNN-MBD) model to quadrupole polarizability (Q) terms using a generalized Random Phase Approximation (RPA) formalism, thus enabling the inclusion of van der Waals contributions beyond dipole. The resulting DNN-MBDQ model only relies on ab initio-derived quantities as the introduced quadrupole polarizabilities are recursively retrieved from dipole ones, in turn modeled via the Tkatchenko-Scheffler method. A transferable and efficient deep-neuronal network (DNN) provides atom-in-molecule volumes, while a single range-separation parameter is used to couple the model to Density Functional Theory (DFT). Since it can be computed at a negligible cost, the DNN-MBDQ approach can be coupled with DFT functionals, such as PBE, PBE0, and B86bPBE (dispersionless). The DNN-MBQ-corrected functionals reach chemical accuracy while exhibiting lower errors compared to their dipole-only counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olivier Adjoua
- Sorbonne
Université, LCT, UMR 7616 CNRS, 75252 Paris, France
| | - Louis Lagardère
- Sorbonne
Université, LCT, UMR 7616 CNRS, 75252 Paris, France
- Sorbonne
Université, IP2CT, FR 2622 CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Philip Piquemal
- Sorbonne
Université, LCT, UMR 7616 CNRS, 75252 Paris, France
- The
University of Texas at Austin, Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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10
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Song S, Vuckovic S, Kim Y, Yu H, Sim E, Burke K. Extending density functional theory with near chemical accuracy beyond pure water. Nat Commun 2023; 14:799. [PMID: 36781855 PMCID: PMC9925738 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36094-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Density functional simulations of condensed phase water are typically inaccurate, due to the inaccuracies of approximate functionals. A recent breakthrough showed that the SCAN approximation can yield chemical accuracy for pure water in all its phases, but only when its density is corrected. This is a crucial step toward first-principles biosimulations. However, weak dispersion forces are ubiquitous and play a key role in noncovalent interactions among biomolecules, but are not included in the new approach. Moreover, naïve inclusion of dispersion in HF-SCAN ruins its high accuracy for pure water. Here we show that systematic application of the principles of density-corrected DFT yields a functional (HF-r2SCAN-DC4) which recovers and not only improves over HF-SCAN for pure water, but also captures vital noncovalent interactions in biomolecules, making it suitable for simulations of solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhwan Song
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722 Korea ,grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - Stefan Vuckovic
- grid.472716.10000 0004 1758 7362Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems (CNR-IMM), Via Monteroni, Campus Unisalento, 73100 Lecce, Italy ,grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Departments of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences and Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Youngsam Kim
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722 Korea
| | - Hayoung Yu
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722 Korea
| | - Eunji Sim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea.
| | - Kieron Burke
- grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697 USA ,grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Departments of Physics & Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
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11
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Price AJA, Otero-de-la-Roza A, Johnson ER. XDM-corrected hybrid DFT with numerical atomic orbitals predicts molecular crystal lattice energies with unprecedented accuracy. Chem Sci 2023; 14:1252-1262. [PMID: 36756332 PMCID: PMC9891363 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05997e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular crystals are important for many applications, including energetic materials, organic semiconductors, and the development and commercialization of pharmaceuticals. The exchange-hole dipole moment (XDM) dispersion model has shown good performance in the calculation of relative and absolute lattice energies of molecular crystals, although it has traditionally been applied in combination with plane-wave/pseudopotential approaches. This has limited XDM to use with semilocal functional approximations, which suffer from delocalization error and poor quality conformational energies, and to systems with a few hundreds of atoms at most due to unfavorable scaling. In this work, we combine XDM with numerical atomic orbitals, which enable the efficient use of XDM-corrected hybrid functionals for molecular crystals. We test the new XDM-corrected functionals for their ability to predict the lattice energies of molecular crystals for the X23 set and 13 ice phases, the latter being a particularly stringent test. A composite approach using a XDM-corrected, 25% hybrid functional based on B86bPBE achieves a mean absolute error of 0.48 kcal mol-1 per molecule for the X23 set and 0.19 kcal mol-1 for the total lattice energies of the ice phases, compared to recent diffusion Monte-Carlo data. These results make the new XDM-corrected hybrids not only far more computationally efficient than previous XDM implementations, but also the most accurate density-functional methods for molecular crystal lattice energies to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alastair J. A. Price
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University6274 Coburg RdHalifaxB3H 4R2Nova ScotiaCanada
| | - Alberto Otero-de-la-Roza
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica and MALTA-Consolider Team, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo Oviedo 33006 Spain
| | - Erin R. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University6274 Coburg RdHalifaxB3H 4R2Nova ScotiaCanada
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12
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Luy JN, Henkel P, Grigjanis D, Jung J, Mollenhauer D, Tonner-Zech R. Bonding character of intermediates in on-surface Ullmann reactions revealed with energy decomposition analysis. J Comput Chem 2023; 44:179-189. [PMID: 35397119 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
On-surface synthesis has become a thriving topic in surface science. The Ullmann coupling reaction is the most applied synthetic route today, but the nature of the organometallic intermediate is still under discussion. We investigate the bonding nature of prototypical intermediate species (phenyl, naphthyl, anthracenyl, phenanthryl, and triphenylenyl) on the Cu(111) surface with a combination of plane wave and atomic orbital basis set methods using density functional theory calculations with periodic boundary conditions. The surface bonding is shown to be of covalent nature with a polarized shared-electron bond supported by π-back donation effects using energy decomposition analysis for extended systems (pEDA). The bond angle of the intermediates is determined by balancing dispersion attraction and Pauli repulsion between adsorbate and surface. The latter can be significantly reduced by adatoms on the surface. We furthermore investigate how to choose computational parameters for pEDA of organic adsorbates on metal surfaces efficiently and show that bonding interpretation requires consistent choice of the density functional.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Niclas Luy
- Fakultät für Chemie und Mineralogie, Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Pascal Henkel
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,Center for Materials Research (LaMa), Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Daniel Grigjanis
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jannis Jung
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,Center for Materials Research (LaMa), Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Doreen Mollenhauer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,Center for Materials Research (LaMa), Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ralf Tonner-Zech
- Fakultät für Chemie und Mineralogie, Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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13
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Díaz Mirón JEZ, Stein M. A benchmark for non-covalent interactions in organometallic crystals. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:29338-29349. [PMID: 36448535 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04160j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Organometallic complexes are the basis for homogeneous catalysis, have applications in materials science and are also active pharmaceutical ingredients. The interaction between transition metal complexes in the solid state is determining their thermodynamics and bio-availability. Non-covalent interactions such as hydrogen bonding and van der Waals are stabilizing crystals of transition metal complexes. The variation of ligand field, central metal atoms and their oxidation and spin states are determinants of the magnitude of their inter-molecular interactions. A comparison of a set of 43 manually curated experimental heats of sublimation (the new XTMC43 set) and results from periodic DFT calculations shows that an agreement to within 9% can be achieved using GGA or mGGA functionals with atom-centred Gaussian-type basis functions. The need for careful assessments of consistency, calibration and reproducibility of experimental and computational data is discussed. Results regarding the new XTMC43 benchmark set are suggested to serve as a starting point for further method development, systematic screening and crystal engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Eduardo Zamudio Díaz Mirón
- Molecular Simulations and Design Group, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstrasse 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Matthias Stein
- Molecular Simulations and Design Group, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstrasse 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany.
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Teale AM, Helgaker T, Savin A, Adamo C, Aradi B, Arbuznikov AV, Ayers PW, Baerends EJ, Barone V, Calaminici P, Cancès E, Carter EA, Chattaraj PK, Chermette H, Ciofini I, Crawford TD, De Proft F, Dobson JF, Draxl C, Frauenheim T, Fromager E, Fuentealba P, Gagliardi L, Galli G, Gao J, Geerlings P, Gidopoulos N, Gill PMW, Gori-Giorgi P, Görling A, Gould T, Grimme S, Gritsenko O, Jensen HJA, Johnson ER, Jones RO, Kaupp M, Köster AM, Kronik L, Krylov AI, Kvaal S, Laestadius A, Levy M, Lewin M, Liu S, Loos PF, Maitra NT, Neese F, Perdew JP, Pernal K, Pernot P, Piecuch P, Rebolini E, Reining L, Romaniello P, Ruzsinszky A, Salahub DR, Scheffler M, Schwerdtfeger P, Staroverov VN, Sun J, Tellgren E, Tozer DJ, Trickey SB, Ullrich CA, Vela A, Vignale G, Wesolowski TA, Xu X, Yang W. DFT exchange: sharing perspectives on the workhorse of quantum chemistry and materials science. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:28700-28781. [PMID: 36269074 PMCID: PMC9728646 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02827a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, the history, present status, and future of density-functional theory (DFT) is informally reviewed and discussed by 70 workers in the field, including molecular scientists, materials scientists, method developers and practitioners. The format of the paper is that of a roundtable discussion, in which the participants express and exchange views on DFT in the form of 302 individual contributions, formulated as responses to a preset list of 26 questions. Supported by a bibliography of 777 entries, the paper represents a broad snapshot of DFT, anno 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M. Teale
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University ParkNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
| | - Trygve Helgaker
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033 Blindern, N-0315 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Andreas Savin
- Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique, CNRS and Sorbonne University, 4 Place Jussieu, CEDEX 05, 75252 Paris, France.
| | - Carlo Adamo
- PSL University, CNRS, ChimieParisTech-PSL, Institute of Chemistry for Health and Life Sciences, i-CLeHS, 11 rue P. et M. Curie, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Bálint Aradi
- Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Bremen, P.O. Box 330440, D-28334 Bremen, Germany.
| | - Alexei V. Arbuznikov
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Theoretische Chemie/Quantenchemie, Sekr. C7Straße des 17. Juni 13510623Berlin
| | | | - Evert Jan Baerends
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Vincenzo Barone
- Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56125 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Calaminici
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav), CDMX, 07360, Mexico.
| | - Eric Cancès
- CERMICS, Ecole des Ponts and Inria Paris, 6 Avenue Blaise Pascal, 77455 Marne-la-Vallée, France.
| | - Emily A. Carter
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering and the Andlinger Center for Energy and the Environment, Princeton UniversityPrincetonNJ 08544-5263USA
| | | | - Henry Chermette
- Institut Sciences Analytiques, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, CNRS UMR 5280, 69622 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Ilaria Ciofini
- PSL University, CNRS, ChimieParisTech-PSL, Institute of Chemistry for Health and Life Sciences, i-CLeHS, 11 rue P. et M. Curie, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - T. Daniel Crawford
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia TechBlacksburgVA 24061USA,Molecular Sciences Software InstituteBlacksburgVA 24060USA
| | - Frank De Proft
- Research Group of General Chemistry (ALGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
| | | | - Claudia Draxl
- Institut für Physik and IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany. .,Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Frauenheim
- Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Bremen, P.O. Box 330440, D-28334 Bremen, Germany. .,Beijing Computational Science Research Center (CSRC), 100193 Beijing, China.,Shenzhen JL Computational Science and Applied Research Institute, 518110 Shenzhen, China
| | - Emmanuel Fromager
- Laboratoire de Chimie Quantique, Institut de Chimie, CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Patricio Fuentealba
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Laura Gagliardi
- Department of Chemistry, Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The James Franck Institute, and Chicago Center for Theoretical Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.
| | - Giulia Galli
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering and Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Jiali Gao
- Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, China. .,Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Paul Geerlings
- Research Group of General Chemistry (ALGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Nikitas Gidopoulos
- Department of Physics, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK.
| | - Peter M. W. Gill
- School of Chemistry, University of SydneyCamperdown NSW 2006Australia
| | - Paola Gori-Giorgi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Andreas Görling
- Chair of Theoretical Chemistry, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Tim Gould
- Qld Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Qld 4222, Australia.
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Beringstrasse 4, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Oleg Gritsenko
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Hans Jørgen Aagaard Jensen
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark.
| | - Erin R. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie UniversityHalifaxNova ScotiaB3H 4R2Canada
| | - Robert O. Jones
- Peter Grünberg Institut PGI-1, Forschungszentrum Jülich52425 JülichGermany
| | - Martin Kaupp
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Theoretische Chemie/Quantenchemie, Sekr. C7, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin.
| | - Andreas M. Köster
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav)CDMX07360Mexico
| | - Leeor Kronik
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovoth, 76100, Israel.
| | - Anna I. Krylov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCalifornia 90089USA
| | - Simen Kvaal
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033 Blindern, N-0315 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Andre Laestadius
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033 Blindern, N-0315 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Mel Levy
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, 70118, USA.
| | - Mathieu Lewin
- CNRS & CEREMADE, Université Paris-Dauphine, PSL Research University, Place de Lattre de Tassigny, 75016 Paris, France.
| | - Shubin Liu
- Research Computing Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3420, USA. .,Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3290, USA
| | - Pierre-François Loos
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques (UMR 5626), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, France.
| | - Neepa T. Maitra
- Department of Physics, Rutgers University at Newark101 Warren StreetNewarkNJ 07102USA
| | - Frank Neese
- Max Planck Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser Wilhelm Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.
| | - John P. Perdew
- Departments of Physics and Chemistry, Temple UniversityPhiladelphiaPA 19122USA
| | - Katarzyna Pernal
- Institute of Physics, Lodz University of Technology, ul. Wolczanska 219, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Pascal Pernot
- Institut de Chimie Physique, UMR8000, CNRS and Université Paris-Saclay, Bât. 349, Campus d'Orsay, 91405 Orsay, France.
| | - Piotr Piecuch
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA. .,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Elisa Rebolini
- Institut Laue Langevin, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - Lucia Reining
- Laboratoire des Solides Irradiés, CNRS, CEA/DRF/IRAMIS, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91120 Palaiseau, France. .,European Theoretical Spectroscopy Facility
| | - Pina Romaniello
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique (UMR 5152), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, France.
| | - Adrienn Ruzsinszky
- Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA.
| | - Dennis R. Salahub
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Physics and Astronomy, CMS – Centre for Molecular Simulation, IQST – Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, Quantum Alberta, University of Calgary2500 University Drive NWCalgaryAlbertaT2N 1N4Canada
| | - Matthias Scheffler
- The NOMAD Laboratory at the FHI of the Max-Planck-Gesellschaft and IRIS-Adlershof of the Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195, Germany.
| | - Peter Schwerdtfeger
- Centre for Theoretical Chemistry and Physics, The New Zealand Institute for Advanced Study, Massey University Auckland, 0632 Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Viktor N. Staroverov
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western OntarioLondonOntario N6A 5B7Canada
| | - Jianwei Sun
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA.
| | - Erik Tellgren
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033 Blindern, N-0315 Oslo, Norway.
| | - David J. Tozer
- Department of Chemistry, Durham UniversitySouth RoadDurhamDH1 3LEUK
| | - Samuel B. Trickey
- Quantum Theory Project, Deptartment of Physics, University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32611USA
| | - Carsten A. Ullrich
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of MissouriColumbiaMO 65211USA
| | - Alberto Vela
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav), CDMX, 07360, Mexico.
| | - Giovanni Vignale
- Department of Physics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65203, USA.
| | - Tomasz A. Wesolowski
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Université de Genève30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet1211 GenèveSwitzerland
| | - Xin Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovation Materials, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials, MOE Laboratory for Computational Physical Science, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Weitao Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27516, USA.
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15
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Jelfs KE. Computational modeling to assist in the discovery of supramolecular materials. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2022; 1518:106-119. [PMID: 36251351 PMCID: PMC10091946 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Computational modeling is increasingly used to assist in the discovery of supramolecular materials. Supramolecular materials are typically primarily built from organic components that are self-assembled through noncovalent bonding and have potential applications, including in selective binding, sorption, molecular separations, catalysis, optoelectronics, sensing, and as molecular machines. In this review, the key areas where computational prediction can assist in the discovery of supramolecular materials, including in structure prediction, property prediction, and the prediction of how to synthesize a hypothetical material are discussed, before exploring the potential impact of artificial intelligence techniques on the field. Throughout, the importance of close integration with experimental materials discovery programs will be highlighted. A series of case studies from the author's work across some different supramolecular material classes will be discussed, before finishing with a discussion of the outlook for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim E Jelfs
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, UK
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16
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Chalcogen Bond as a Factor Stabilizing Ligand Conformation in the Binding Pocket of Carbonic Anhydrase IX Receptor Mimic. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213701. [PMID: 36430173 PMCID: PMC9691181 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
It is postulated that the overexpression of Carbonic Anhydrase isozyme IX in some cancers contributes to the acidification of the extracellular matrix. It was proved that this promotes the growth and metastasis of the tumor. These observations have made Carbonic Anhydrase IX an attractive drug target. In the light of the findings and importance of the glycoprotein in the cancer treatment, we have employed quantum-chemical approaches to study non-covalent interactions in the binding pocket. As a ligand, the acetazolamide (AZM) molecule was chosen, being known as a potential inhibitor exhibiting anticancer properties. First-Principles Molecular Dynamics was performed to study the chalcogen and other non-covalent interactions in the AZM ligand and its complexes with amino acids forming the binding site. Based on Density Functional Theory (DFT) and post-Hartree-Fock methods, the metric and electronic structure parameters were described. The Non-Covalent Interaction (NCI) index and Atoms in Molecules (AIM) methods were applied for qualitative/quantitative analyses of the non-covalent interactions. Finally, the AZM-binding pocket interaction energy decomposition was carried out. Chalcogen bonding in the AZM molecule is an important factor stabilizing the preferred conformation. Free energy mapping via metadynamics and Path Integral molecular dynamics confirmed the significance of the chalcogen bond in structuring the conformational flexibility of the systems. The developed models are useful in the design of new inhibitors with desired pharmacological properties.
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17
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Xu EY, Werth J, Roos CB, Bendelsmith AJ, Sigman MS, Knowles RR. Noncovalent Stabilization of Radical Intermediates in the Enantioselective Hydroamination of Alkenes with Sulfonamides. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:18948-18958. [PMID: 36197450 PMCID: PMC9668373 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Noncovalent interactions (NCIs) are critical elements of molecular recognition in a wide variety of chemical contexts. While NCIs have been studied extensively for closed-shell molecules and ions, very little is understood about the structures and properties of NCIs involving free radical intermediates. In this report, we describe a detailed mechanistic study of the enantioselective radical hydroamination of alkenes with sulfonamides and present evidence suggesting that the basis for asymmetric induction in this process arises from attractive NCIs between a neutral sulfonamidyl radical intermediate and a chiral phosphoric acid (CPA). We describe experimental, computational, and data science-based evidence that identifies the specific radical NCIs that form the basis for the enantioselectivity. Kinetic studies support that C-N bond formation determines the enantioselectivity. Density functional theory investigations revealed the importance of both strong H-bonding between the CPA and the N-centered radical and a network of aryl-based NCIs that serve to stabilize the favored diastereomeric transition state. The contributions of these specific aryl-based NCIs to the selectivity were further confirmed through multivariate linear regression analysis by comparing the measured enantioselectivity to computed descriptors. These results highlight the power of NCIs to enable high levels of enantioselectivity in reactions involving uncharged open-shell intermediates and expand our understanding of radical-molecule interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eve Y. Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, 08544, United States
| | - Jacob Werth
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, United States
| | - Casey B. Roos
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, 08544, United States
| | - Andrew J. Bendelsmith
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, 08544, United States
| | - Matthew S. Sigman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, United States
| | - Robert R. Knowles
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, 08544, United States
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18
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Gray M, Bowling PE, Herbert JM. Systematic Evaluation of Counterpoise Correction in Density Functional Theory. J Chem Theory Comput 2022; 18:6742-6756. [PMID: 36251499 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c00883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A widespread belief persists that the Boys-Bernardi function counterpoise (CP) procedure "overcorrects" supramolecular interaction energies for the effects of basis-set superposition error. To the extent that this is true for correlated wave function methods, it is usually an artifact of low-quality basis sets. The question has not been considered systematically in the context of density functional theory, however, where basis-set convergence is generally less problematic. We present a systematic assessment of the CP procedure for a representative set of functionals and basis sets, considering both benchmark data sets of small dimers and larger supramolecular complexes. The latter include layered composite polymers with ∼150 atoms and ligand-protein models with ∼300 atoms. Provided that CP correction is used, we find that intermolecular interaction energies of nearly complete-basis quality can be obtained using only double-ζ basis sets. This is less expensive as compared to triple-ζ basis sets without CP correction. CP-corrected interaction energies are less sensitive to the presence of diffuse basis functions as compared to uncorrected energies, which is important because diffuse functions are expensive and often numerically problematic for large systems. Our results upend the conventional wisdom that CP "overcorrects" for basis-set incompleteness. In small basis sets, CP correction is mandatory in order to demonstrate that the results do not rest on error cancellation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montgomery Gray
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio43210, United States
| | - Paige E Bowling
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio43210, United States.,Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio43210, United States
| | - John M Herbert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio43210, United States.,Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio43210, United States
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19
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Missana A, Hauser A, Lawson Daku LM. Environmental Control of the Magnetic Behavior of Transition Metal Complexes: Density Functional Theory Study of Zeolite Y Embedded Complexes [M(bpy) 3] 2+@Y (M = Fe 2+, Co 2+). J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:6221-6235. [PMID: 36067495 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c05070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Using the supramolecular approach developed for the study of the guest-host interactions in the zeolite Y encapsulated [Fe(bpy)3]2+ compound: [Fe(bpy)3]2+@Y (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine) [Vargas et al., J. Chem. Theory Comput. 2009, 5, 97-115], we apply density functional theory (DFT) to the study of the influence of zeolite Y encapsulation on the structural and energetic properties of [Co(bpy)3]2+ in the low-spin (LS) and high-spin (HS) states, while revisiting [Fe(bpy)3]2+@Y. Although the accurate prediction of the HS-LS energy difference ΔEHLel remains challenging for current DFT methods, they give accurate estimates of its variation Δ(ΔEHLel) in a series of complexes of a given transition metal ion. Therefore, denoting [M(bpy)3]2+@YSM as the supramolecular model of the inclusion compounds, the values of ΔEHLel for the bpy complexes in the gas phase and in the supercage of zeolite Y were determined by combining the DFT estimates of Δ(ΔEHLel) in the series {[M(NCH)6]2+, [M(bpy)3]2+, and [M(bpy)3]2+@YSM}, with accurate CCSD(T) estimates of ΔEHLel in the benchmark complexes [M(NCH)6]2+ (M = Fe, Co) [Lawson Daku et al., J. Chem. Theory Comput., 2012, 8, 4216-4231]. Generalized gradient approximations as well as global and range-separated hybrids were employed. In order to better account for the key role of dispersion, they were also augmented with the semiempirical D2, D3BJ, and D3BJM dispersion corrections when available. The use of the D3BJ and D3BJM corrections led to similar results, and this is only with the use of the D2 scheme that (i) the free and encapsulated [Fe(bpy)3]2+ are correctly predicted as LS species and that (ii) the encapsulation of both complexes translates into a destabilization of their HS state with respect to their LS state. The increase of the HS-LS energy difference is smaller for [Co(bpy)3]2+ than [Fe(bpy)3]2+ because the HS-LS molecular volume difference ΔVHL in [Co(bpy)3]2+ is ∼50% smaller than in [Fe(bpy)3]2+. Periodic DFT calculations performed on crystalline [M(bpy)3]2+@Y show that the employed [M(bpy)3]2+@YSM supramolecular model allows the influence of encapsulation on the geometry and the spin-state energetics of [M(bpy)3]2+ (M = Fe, Co) to be quantitatively captured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Missana
- Université de Genève, 30 quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Hauser
- Université de Genève, 30 quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211Genève 4, Switzerland
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20
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Bryenton KR, Adeleke AA, Dale SG, Johnson ER. Delocalization error: The greatest outstanding challenge in density‐functional theory. WIRES COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle R. Bryenton
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science Dalhousie University Halifax Nova Scotia Canada
| | | | - Stephen G. Dale
- Queensland Micro‐ and Nanotechnology Centre Griffith University Nathan Queensland Australia
| | - Erin R. Johnson
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science Dalhousie University Halifax Nova Scotia Canada
- Department of Chemistry Dalhousie University Halifax Nova Scotia Canada
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21
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Oeschger RJ, Bissig R, Chen P. Model Compounds for Intermediates and Transition States in Sonogashira and Negishi Coupling: d8- d10 Bonds in Large Heterobimetallic Complexes Are Weaker than Computational Chemistry Predicts. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:10330-10343. [PMID: 35639626 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c01641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report an experimental study, with accompanying DFT calculations, on a series of heterobimetallic complexes with Pd(II) and Cu(I), Ag(I), or Au(I). The isolable pincer complexes are models for the intermediates and transition state for the transmetalation step in Sonogashira and Negishi coupling reactions, among which, according to the DFT calculations, only the transition state has the two metal centers within bonding distance. Furthermore, we report a substituted version of an analogous heterobimetallic complex in which a competing dissociation sets an upper-bound on the strength of the d8-d10 metal-metal bond. Analysis of the structures in the solid state and in solution, and the competitive dissociation experiment in the gas phase, indicate that the dispersion-corrected DFT method used in the study appears to overestimate the strength of the metal-metal interaction, thus distorting the shape of the computed potential energy surface systematically for transmetalation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael J Oeschger
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Raphael Bissig
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Chen
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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22
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Sim E, Song S, Vuckovic S, Burke K. Improving Results by Improving Densities: Density-Corrected Density Functional Theory. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:6625-6639. [PMID: 35380807 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c11506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) calculations have become widespread in both chemistry and materials, because they usually provide useful accuracy at much lower computational cost than wavefunction-based methods. All practical DFT calculations require an approximation to the unknown exchange-correlation energy, which is then used self-consistently in the Kohn-Sham scheme to produce an approximate energy from an approximate density. Density-corrected DFT is simply the study of the relative contributions to the total energy error. In the vast majority of DFT calculations, the error due to the approximate density is negligible. But with certain classes of functionals applied to certain classes of problems, the density error is sufficiently large as to contribute to the energy noticeably, and its removal leads to much better results. These problems include reaction barriers, torsional barriers involving π-conjugation, halogen bonds, radicals and anions, most stretched bonds, etc. In all such cases, use of a more accurate density significantly improves performance, and often the simple expedient of using the Hartree-Fock density is enough. This Perspective explains what DC-DFT is, where it is likely to improve results, and how DC-DFT can produce more accurate functionals. We also outline challenges and prospects for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunji Sim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Suhwan Song
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Stefan Vuckovic
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems (CNR-IMM), Via Monteroni,Campus Unisalento, 73100 Lecce, Italy.,Department of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences and Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kieron Burke
- Departments of Chemistry and of Physics, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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23
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Gray M, Herbert JM. Comprehensive Basis-Set Testing of Extended Symmetry-Adapted Perturbation Theory and Assessment of Mixed-Basis Combinations to Reduce Cost. J Chem Theory Comput 2022; 18:2308-2330. [PMID: 35289608 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c01302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid or "extended" symmetry-adapted perturbation theory (XSAPT) replaces traditional SAPT's treatment of dispersion with better performing alternatives while at the same time extending two-body (dimer) SAPT to a many-body treatment of polarization using a self-consistent charge embedding procedure. The present work presents a systematic study of how XSAPT interaction energies and energy components converge with respect to the choice of Gaussian basis set. Errors can be reduced in a systematic way using correlation-consistent basis sets, with aug-cc-pVTZ results converged within <0.1 kcal/mol. Similar (if slightly less systematic) behavior is obtained using Karlsruhe basis sets at much lower cost, and we introduce new versions with limited augmentation that are even more efficient. Pople-style basis sets, which are more efficient still, often afford good results if a large number of polarization functions are included. The dispersion models used in XSAPT afford much faster basis-set convergence as compared to the perturbative description of dispersion in conventional SAPT, meaning that "compromise" basis sets (such as jun-cc-pVDZ) are no longer required and benchmark-quality results can be obtained using triple-ζ basis sets. The use of diffuse functions proves to be essential, especially for the description of hydrogen bonds. The "δ(Hartree-Fock)" correction for high-order induction can be performed in double-ζ basis sets without significant loss of accuracy, leading to a mixed-basis approach that offers 4× speedup over the existing (cubic scaling) XSAPT approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montgomery Gray
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - John M Herbert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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Grzelak A, Grochala W. Stability of hypothetical Ag IICl 2 polymorphs under high pressure, revisited: a computational study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1153. [PMID: 35064224 PMCID: PMC8782826 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05211-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A comparative computational study of stability of candidate structures for an as-yet unknown silver dichloride AgCl2 is presented. It is found that all considered candidates have a negative enthalpy of formation, but are unstable towards charge transfer and decomposition into silver(I) chloride and chlorine within the DFT and hybrid-DFT approaches in the entire studied pressure range. Within SCAN approach, several of the "true" AgIICl2 polymorphs (i.e. containing Ag(II) species) exhibit a region of stability below ca. 20 GPa. However, their stability with respect to aforementioned decomposition decreases with pressure by account of all three DFT methods, which suggests a limited possibility of high-pressure synthesis of AgCl2. Some common patterns in pressure-induced structural transitions observed in the studied systems also emerge, which further testify to an instability of hypothetical AgCl2 towards charge transfer and phase separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Grzelak
- Center for New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2C, 02-097, Warszawa, Poland.
| | - Wojciech Grochala
- Center for New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2C, 02-097, Warszawa, Poland
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25
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Yanes-Rodríguez R, Prosmiti R. Assessment of DFT approaches in noble gas clathrate-like clusters: stability and thermodynamics. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 24:1475-1485. [PMID: 34935011 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04935f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have assessed the performance and accuracy of different wavefunction-based electronic structure methods, such as DFMP2 and domain-based local pair-natural orbital (DLPNO-CCSD(T)), as well as a variety of density functional theory (DFT) approaches on He@(H2O)N cage systems. We have selected representative clathrate-like structures corresponding to the building blocks present in each of the sI, sII and sH natural gas clathrate hydrates, and we have carefully studied the interaction between a He atom with each of their individual cages. We reported well-converged DFMP2 and DLPNO-CCSD(T) reference data, together with interaction and cohesive energies of four different density functionals (two GGA, revPBE and PW86PBE, and two hybrids, B3LYP and PBE0), including diverse dispersion correction schemes (D3(0), D3(BJ), D4 and XDM) for both He-filled and empty clathrate-like cages. After the analysis of the results, we came to the conclusion that the PW86PBE functional, with both XDM and D4 corrections, and the PBE0-D4 functional present reasonably adequate approaches to describe the guest-host noncovalent interactions that take place in such He clathrate hydrates. Taking into account that the He@sII is the only helium clathrate that scientists have been able to synthesize recently, we have performed a thermodynamic study on the individual 512 and 51264 cages present in the sII crystal. We determined the change in enthalpy, ΔH, and in Gibbs free energy, ΔG, at various temperatures and pressures, and we found out that in the range of experimental conditions the reactions associated with the encapsulation of the He atom inside the cages are exothermic and spontaneous. Finally, we highlighted the importance of an accurate description of the interaction in He@water mixtures, as a crucial component in construction of reliable data-driven models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Yanes-Rodríguez
- Institute of Fundamental Physics (IFF-CSIC), CSIC, Serrano 123, 28006 Madrid, Spain. .,Doctoral Programme in Theoretical Chemistry and Computational Modelling, Doctoral School, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
| | - Rita Prosmiti
- Institute of Fundamental Physics (IFF-CSIC), CSIC, Serrano 123, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
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Wolf CM, Guio L, Scheiwiller S, Pakhnyuk V, Luscombe C, Pozzo LD. Strategies for the Development of Conjugated Polymer Molecular Dynamics Force Fields Validated with Neutron and X-ray Scattering. ACS POLYMERS AU 2021; 1:134-152. [PMID: 36855657 PMCID: PMC9954299 DOI: 10.1021/acspolymersau.1c00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated polymers (CPs) enable a wide range of lightweight, lower cost, and flexible organic electronic devices, but a thorough understanding of relationships between molecular structure and dynamics and electronic performance is critical for improved device efficiencies and for new technologies. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations offer in silico insight into this relationship, but their accuracy relies on the approach used to develop the model's parameters or force field (FF). In this Perspective, we first review current FFs for CPs and find that most of the models implement an arduous reparameterization of inter-ring torsion potentials and partial charges of classical FFs. However, there are few FFs outside of simple CP molecules, e.g., polythiophenes, that have been developed over the last two decades. There is also limited reparameterization of other parameters, such as nonbonded Lennard-Jones interactions, which we find to be directly influenced by conjugation in these materials. We further provide a discussion on experimental validation of MD FFs, with emphasis on neutron and X-ray scattering. We define multiple ways in which various scattering methods can be directly compared to results of MD simulations, providing a powerful experimental validation metric of local structure and dynamics at relevant length and time scales to charge transport mechanisms in CPs. Finally, we offer a perspective on the use of neutron scattering with machine learning to enable high-throughput parametrization of accurate and experimentally validated CP FFs enabled not only by the ongoing advancements in computational chemistry, data science, and high-performance computing but also using oligomers as proxies for longer polymer chains during FF development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlyn M. Wolf
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Box 351750, Seattle, Washington 98195-1750, United States,Center
for Neutron Research, Stop 6102, National
Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20889-6102, United States,
| | - Lorenzo Guio
- Department
of Material Science and Engineering, University
of Washington, Box 352120, Seattle, Washington 98195-2120, United States
| | - Sage Scheiwiller
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Box 351750, Seattle, Washington 98195-1750, United States
| | - Viktoria Pakhnyuk
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Christine Luscombe
- Department
of Material Science and Engineering, University
of Washington, Box 352120, Seattle, Washington 98195-2120, United States,Department
of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Lilo D. Pozzo
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Box 351750, Seattle, Washington 98195-1750, United States,
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Hartwig B, Suhm MA. Subtle hydrogen bonds: benchmarking with OH stretching fundamentals of vicinal diols in the gas phase. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:21623-21640. [PMID: 34580694 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03367k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The theoretical description of spectral signatures for weakly bound hydrogen contacts between alcohol groups is challenging and remains poorly characterised. By combining Raman jet spectroscopy with appropriately scaled harmonic DFT predictions and relaxation path analyses for 16 vicinal diols (ethylene glycol (ethane-1,2-diol), propane-1,2-diol, 3,3,3-trifluoro-propane-1,2-diol, rac-butane-2,3-diol, 2-methyl-propane-1,2-diol, 2-methyl-butane-2,3-diol, pinacol (2,3-dimethyl-butane-2,3-diol), 3-butene-1,2-diol, 1-phenyl-ethane-1,2-diol, trans-cyclobutane-1,2-diol, trans-cyclopentane-1,2-diol, trans-cyclohexane-1,2-diol, trans-cycloheptane-1,2-diol, cis-cyclohexane-1,2-diol, 1-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)-cyclopentanol and [1,1'-bicyclopentyl]-1,1'-diol), 69 conformational assignments become possible in a two-tier approach with a 5 diol training and an 11 diol test set. The latter reveals systematic deviations for ring strain and secondary π interactions, but otherwise a remarkably robust correction and correlation model based on hybrid DFT with a minimally augmented triple-zeta basis set is obtained, whereas GGA functionals perform significantly worse. Raw experimental data in the 3560-3700 cm-1 wavenumber range as well as computed geometries of all conformations invite further vibrational and structural benchmarking at the onset of hydrogen bonding. Beyond this diol-probed threshold, the accurate prediction of hydrogen bond induced shifts of different magnitudes remains one of the challenges for DFT functionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beppo Hartwig
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Tammannstr. 6, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Martin A Suhm
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Tammannstr. 6, Göttingen, Germany.
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Carter-Fenk K, Lao KU, Herbert JM. Predicting and Understanding Non-Covalent Interactions Using Novel Forms of Symmetry-Adapted Perturbation Theory. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:3679-3690. [PMID: 34550669 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Although sometimes derided as "weak" interactions, non-covalent forces play a critical role in ligand binding and crystal packing and in determining the conformational landscape of flexible molecules. Symmetry-adapted perturbation theory (SAPT) provides a framework for accurate ab initio calculation of intermolecular interactions and furnishes a natural decomposition of the interaction energy into physically meaningful components: semiclassical electrostatics (rigorously obtained from monomer charge densities), Pauli or steric repulsion, induction (including both polarization and charge transfer), and dispersion. This decomposition helps to foster deeper understanding of non-covalent interactions and can be used to construct transferable, physics-based force fields. Separability of the SAPT interaction energy also provides the flexibility to construct composite methods, a feature that we exploit to improve the description of dispersion interactions. These are challenging to describe accurately because they arise from nonlocal electron correlation effects that appear for the first time at second order in perturbation theory but are not quantitatively described at that level.As with all quantum-chemical methods, a major limitation of SAPT is nonlinear scaling of the computational cost with respect to system size. This cost can be significantly mitigated using "SAPT0(KS)", which incorporates monomer electron correlation by means of Kohn-Sham (KS) molecular orbitals from density functional theory (DFT), as well as by an "extended" theory called XSAPT, developed by the authors. XSAPT generalizes traditional dimer SAPT to many-body systems, so that a ligand-protein interaction (for example) can be separated into contributions from individual amino acids, reducing the cost of the calculation below that of even supramolecular DFT while retaining the accuracy of high-level ab initio quantum chemistry.This Account provides an overview of the SAPT0(KS) approach and the XSAPT family of methods. Several low-cost variants are described that provide accuracy approaching that of the best ab initio benchmarks yet are affordable enough to tackle ligand-protein binding and sizable host-guest complexes. These variants include SAPT+aiD, which uses ab initio atom-atom dispersion potentials ("+aiD") in place of second-order SAPT dispersion, and also SAPT+MBD, which incorporates many-body dispersion (MBD) effects that are important in the description of nanoscale materials. Applications to drug binding highlight the size-extensive nature of dispersion, which is not a weak interaction in large systems. Other applications highlight how a physics-based analysis can sometimes upend conventional wisdom regarding intermolecular forces. In particular, careful reconsideration of π-π interactions makes clear that the quadrupolar electrostatics (or "Hunter-Sanders") model of π-π stacking should be replaced by a "van der Waals model" in which conformational preferences arise from a competition between dispersion and Pauli repulsion. Our analysis also suggests that molecular shape, rather than aromaticity per se, is the key factor driving strong stacking interactions. Looking forward, we anticipate that XSAPT-based methods can play a role in screening of drug candidates and in materials design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Carter-Fenk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Ka Un Lao
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - John M. Herbert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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Herbert JM. Neat, Simple, and Wrong: Debunking Electrostatic Fallacies Regarding Noncovalent Interactions. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:7125-7137. [PMID: 34388340 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c05962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Multipole moments such as charge, dipole, and quadrupole are often invoked to rationalize intermolecular phenomena, but a low-order multipole expansion is rarely a valid description of electrostatics at the length scales that characterize nonbonded interactions. This is illustrated by examining several common misunderstandings rooted in erroneous electrostatic arguments. First, the notion that steric repulsion originates in Coulomb interactions is easily disproved by dissecting the interaction potential for Ar2. Second, the Hunter-Sanders model of π-π interactions, which is based on quadrupolar electrostatics, is shown to have no basis in accurate calculations. Third, curved "buckybowls" exhibit unusually large dipole moments, but these are ancillary to the forces that control their intermolecular interactions, as illustrated by two examples involving corannulene. Finally, the assumption that interactions between water and small anions are dictated by the dipole moment of H2O is shown to be false in the case of binary halide-water complexes. These examples present a compelling case that electrostatic explanations based on low-order multipole moments are very often counterfactual for nonbonded interactions at close range and should not be taken seriously in the absence of additional justification.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Herbert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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