Property-optimized Gaussian basis sets for lanthanides

Potential-Energy Curves for the Ground and Several Electronic States of NdO and NdS

Potential energy curves (PECs) were calculated for 21 and 18 electronic states of NdO and NdS molecules, respectively. In each case, static electron correlation effects were described by incomplete model space multiconfiguration self-consistent field wave functions based on an active space that included the most important valence orbitals. Dynamic electron correlation was included by the multireference second-order generalized Van Vleck perturbation theory method. Scalar-relativistic contributions were included by the effective core potential approach, using def2-TZVPP basis sets. Spin-dependent relativistic corrections were determined to be small and negligible for the Nd atom and so were not included in the calculations. The 21 and 18 electronic states of NdO and NdS were predicted to be in the excitation energy range of ∼3.2 and ∼2.7 eV, respectively. The ground electronic states of NdO and NdS were determined as 15H (6s4fσ4fϕ4fδ) and 15H (4fϕ4fπ4fπ6s), with spectroscopic constants: bond length Re = 1.780 and 2.325 Å, and harmonic frequency ωe = 891 and 538 cm-1, respectively.

Hybrid DFT Geometries and Properties for 17k Lanthanoid Complexes─The LnQM Data Set

The unique properties of lanthanoids and their diverse applications make them an indispensable part of modern research and industry. While the field has garnered attention, there remains a gap in available molecule data sets that facilitate both classical quantum chemistry calculations and the burgeoning field of machine learning in data science applications. This research addresses the need for a comprehensive data set that allows for a comparative analysis of various lanthanoids. The herein presented, curated data set includes 17269 monolanthanoid complexes derived from 1205 distinct ligand motifs. Structures encompass all 15 lanthanoids in the +3 oxidation state and exhibit molecular charges ranging from -1 to +3, including structures with a high spin multiplicity up to 8. Starting from lanthanum complexes, samples were processed with a permutation of the central lanthanoid atom, resulting in highly comparable subsets, facilitating comparative studies in which the influence of the lanthanoid can be investigated independently of ligand effects. The data set provides a broad range of features such as PBE0-D4/def2-SVP optimized geometries and optimization trajectories, while also covering ωB97M-V/def2-SVPD energies, rotational constants, dipole moments, highest occupied molecular orbital-lowest-unoccupied molecular orbital (HOMO-LUMO) energies, and Mulliken, Löwdin, and Hirshfeld population analyses. Additionally, coordination numbers, polarizabilities, and partial charges from D4, electronegativity equilibration (EEQ), GFN2-xTB, and charge extended Hückel (CEH) calculations are included. The data set is openly accessible and may serve as a basis for further investigations into the properties of lanthanoids.

A DFT perspective on organometallic lanthanide chemistry

Computational studies of the coordination chemistry and bonding of lanthanides have grown in recent decades as the need for understanding the distinct physical, optical, and magnetic properties of these compounds increased. Density functional theory (DFT) methods offer a favorable balance of computational cost and accuracy in lanthanide chemistry and have helped to advance the discovery of novel oxidation states and electronic configurations. This Frontier article examines the scope and limitations of DFT in interpreting structural and spectroscopic data of low-valent lanthanide complexes, elucidating periodic trends, and predicting their properties and reactivity, presented through selected examples.

TURBOMOLE: Today and Tomorrow

TURBOMOLE is a highly optimized software suite for large-scale quantum-chemical and materials science simulations of molecules, clusters, extended systems, and periodic solids. TURBOMOLE uses Gaussian basis sets and has been designed with robust and fast quantum-chemical applications in mind, ranging from homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis to inorganic and organic chemistry and various types of spectroscopy, light-matter interactions, and biochemistry. This Perspective briefly surveys TURBOMOLE's functionality and highlights recent developments that have taken place between 2020 and 2023, comprising new electronic structure methods for molecules and solids, previously unavailable molecular properties, embedding, and molecular dynamics approaches. Select features under development are reviewed to illustrate the continuous growth of the program suite, including nuclear electronic orbital methods, Hartree-Fock-based adiabatic connection models, simplified time-dependent density functional theory, relativistic effects and magnetic properties, and multiscale modeling of optical properties.