1
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Tolokh IS, Folescu DE, Onufriev AV. Inclusion of Water Multipoles into the Implicit Solvation Framework Leads to Accuracy Gains. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:5855-5873. [PMID: 38860842 PMCID: PMC11194828 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c00254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
The current practical "workhorses" of the atomistic implicit solvation─the Poisson-Boltzmann (PB) and generalized Born (GB) models─face fundamental accuracy limitations. Here, we propose a computationally efficient implicit solvation framework, the Implicit Water Multipole GB (IWM-GB) model, that systematically incorporates the effects of multipole moments of water molecules in the first hydration shell of a solute, beyond the dipole water polarization already present at the PB/GB level. The framework explicitly accounts for coupling between polar and nonpolar contributions to the total solvation energy, which is missing from many implicit solvation models. An implementation of the framework, utilizing the GAFF force field and AM1-BCC atomic partial charges model, is parametrized and tested against the experimental hydration free energies of small molecules from the FreeSolv database. The resulting accuracy on the test set (RMSE ∼ 0.9 kcal/mol) is 12% better than that of the explicit solvation (TIP3P) treatment, which is orders of magnitude slower. We also find that the coupling between polar and nonpolar parts of the solvation free energy is essential to ensuring that several features of the IWM-GB model are physically meaningful, including the sign of the nonpolar contributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor S. Tolokh
- Department
of Computer Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Dan E. Folescu
- Department
of Computer Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
- Department
of Mathematics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Alexey V. Onufriev
- Department
of Computer Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
- Department
of Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
- Center
for Soft Matter and Biological Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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2
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Duignan TT. The Potential of Neural Network Potentials. ACS PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY AU 2024; 4:232-241. [PMID: 38800721 PMCID: PMC11117678 DOI: 10.1021/acsphyschemau.4c00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
In the next half-century, physical chemistry will likely undergo a profound transformation, driven predominantly by the combination of recent advances in quantum chemistry and machine learning (ML). Specifically, equivariant neural network potentials (NNPs) are a breakthrough new tool that are already enabling us to simulate systems at the molecular scale with unprecedented accuracy and speed, relying on nothing but fundamental physical laws. The continued development of this approach will realize Paul Dirac's 80-year-old vision of using quantum mechanics to unify physics with chemistry and providing invaluable tools for understanding materials science, biology, earth sciences, and beyond. The era of highly accurate and efficient first-principles molecular simulations will provide a wealth of training data that can be used to build automated computational methodologies, using tools such as diffusion models, for the design and optimization of systems at the molecular scale. Large language models (LLMs) will also evolve into increasingly indispensable tools for literature review, coding, idea generation, and scientific writing.
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3
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Zhai Y, Rashmi R, Palos E, Paesani F. Many-body interactions and deep neural network potentials for water. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:144501. [PMID: 38587225 DOI: 10.1063/5.0203682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
We present a detailed assessment of deep neural network potentials developed within the Deep Potential Molecular Dynamics (DeePMD) framework and trained on the MB-pol data-driven many-body potential energy function. Specific focus is directed at the ability of DeePMD-based potentials to correctly reproduce the accuracy of MB-pol across various water systems. Analyses of bulk and interfacial properties as well as many-body interactions characteristic of water elucidate inherent limitations in the transferability and predictive accuracy of DeePMD-based potentials. These limitations can be traced back to an incomplete implementation of the "nearsightedness of electronic matter" principle, which may be common throughout machine learning potentials that do not include a proper representation of self-consistently determined long-range electric fields. These findings provide further support for the "short-blanket dilemma" faced by DeePMD-based potentials, highlighting the challenges in achieving a balance between computational efficiency and a rigorous, physics-based representation of the properties of water. Finally, we believe that our study contributes to the ongoing discourse on the development and application of machine learning models in simulating water systems, offering insights that could guide future improvements in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoguang Zhai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Richa Rashmi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Etienne Palos
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Francesco Paesani
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
- Halicioğlu Data Science Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
- San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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4
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Maxson T, Szilvási T. Transferable Water Potentials Using Equivariant Neural Networks. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:3740-3747. [PMID: 38547514 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Machine learning interatomic potentials (MLIPs) have emerged as a technique that promises quantum theory accuracy for reduced cost. It has been proposed [J. Chem. Phys. 2023, 158, 084111] that MLIPs trained on solely liquid water data cannot accurately transfer to the vapor-liquid equilibrium while recovering the many-body decomposition (MBD) analysis of gas-phase water clusters. This suggests that MLIPs do not directly learn the physically correct interactions of water molecules, limiting transferability. In this work, we show that MLIPs using equivariant architecture and trained on 3200 liquid water structures reproduces liquid-phase water properties (e.g., density within 0.003 g/cm3 between 230 and 365 K), vapor-liquid equilibrium properties up to 550 K, the MBD analysis of gas-phase water cluster up to six-body interactions, and the relative energy and the vibrational density of states of ice phases. We show that potentials developed using equivariant MLIPs allow transferability for arbitrary phases of water that remain stable in nanosecond long simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Maxson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - Tibor Szilvási
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
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5
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Montero de Hijes P, Dellago C, Jinnouchi R, Schmiedmayer B, Kresse G. Comparing machine learning potentials for water: Kernel-based regression and Behler-Parrinello neural networks. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:114107. [PMID: 38506284 DOI: 10.1063/5.0197105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the performance of different machine learning potentials (MLPs) in predicting key thermodynamic properties of water using RPBE + D3. Specifically, we scrutinize kernel-based regression and high-dimensional neural networks trained on a highly accurate dataset consisting of about 1500 structures, as well as a smaller dataset, about half the size, obtained using only on-the-fly learning. This study reveals that despite minor differences between the MLPs, their agreement on observables such as the diffusion constant and pair-correlation functions is excellent, especially for the large training dataset. Variations in the predicted density isobars, albeit somewhat larger, are also acceptable, particularly given the errors inherent to approximate density functional theory. Overall, this study emphasizes the relevance of the database over the fitting method. Finally, this study underscores the limitations of root mean square errors and the need for comprehensive testing, advocating the use of multiple MLPs for enhanced certainty, particularly when simulating complex thermodynamic properties that may not be fully captured by simpler tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Montero de Hijes
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Kolingasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Geography and Astronomy, Josef-Holaubuek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Dellago
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Kolingasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ryosuke Jinnouchi
- Toyota Central R&D Labs., Inc., 41-1 Yokomichi, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan
| | | | - Georg Kresse
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Kolingasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
- VASP Software GmbH, Berggasse 21, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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6
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Savoj R, Agnew H, Zhou R, Paesani F. Molecular Insights into the Influence of Ions on the Water Structure. I. Alkali Metal Ions in Solution. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:1953-1962. [PMID: 38373140 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c08150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we explore the impact of alkali metal ions (Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, and Cs+) on the hydration structure of water using molecular dynamics simulations carried out with MB-nrg potential energy functions (PEFs). Our analyses include radial distribution functions, coordination numbers, dipole moments, and infrared spectra of water molecules, calculated as a function of solvation shells. The results collectively indicate a highly local influence of all of the alkali metal ions on the hydrogen-bond network established by the surrounding water molecules, with the smallest and most densely charged Li+ ion exerting the most pronounced effect. Remarkably, the MB-nrg PEFs demonstrate excellent agreement with available experimental data for the position and size of the first solvation shells, underscoring their potential as predictive models for realistic simulations of ionic aqueous solutions across various thermodynamic conditions and environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Savoj
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Henry Agnew
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Ruihan Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Francesco Paesani
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Halicioğlu Data Science Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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7
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Pandey P, Qu C, Nandi A, Yu Q, Houston PL, Conte R, Bowman JM. Ab Initio Potential Energy Surface for NaCl-H 2 with Correct Long-Range Behavior. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:902-908. [PMID: 38271992 PMCID: PMC10860134 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c07687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
We report a full dimensional ab initio potential energy surface for NaCl-H2 based on precise fitting of a large data set of CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ energies. A major goal of this fit is to describe the very long-range interaction accurately. This is done in this instance via the dipole-quadrupole interaction. The NaCl dipole and the H2 quadrupole are available through previous works over a large range of internuclear distances. We use these to obtain exact effect charges on each atom. Diffusion Monte Carlo calculations are done for the ground vibrational state using the new potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Pandey
- Department
of Chemistry and Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322, United States
| | - Chen Qu
- Independent
Researcher, Toronto ON M9B 0E3, Canada
| | - Apurba Nandi
- Department
of Chemistry and Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322, United States
- Department
of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City L-1511, Luxembourg
| | - Qi Yu
- Department
of Chemistry and Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322, United States
| | - Paul L. Houston
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Riccardo Conte
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università Degli Studi
di Milano, Via Golgi 19, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Joel M. Bowman
- Department
of Chemistry and Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322, United States
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8
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Thakur AC, Remsing RC. Nuclear quantum effects in the acetylene:ammonia plastic co-crystal. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:024502. [PMID: 38189604 DOI: 10.1063/5.0179161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Organic molecular solids can exhibit rich phase diagrams. In addition to structurally unique phases, translational and rotational degrees of freedom can melt at different state points, giving rise to partially disordered solid phases. The structural and dynamic disorder in these materials can have a significant impact on the physical properties of the organic solid, necessitating a thorough understanding of disorder at the atomic scale. When these disordered phases form at low temperatures, especially in crystals with light nuclei, the prediction of material properties can be complicated by the importance of nuclear quantum effects. As an example, we investigate nuclear quantum effects on the structure and dynamics of the orientationally disordered, translationally ordered plastic phase of the acetylene:ammonia (1:1) co-crystal that is expected to exist on the surface of Saturn's moon Titan. Titan's low surface temperature (∼90 K) suggests that the quantum mechanical behavior of nuclei may be important in this and other molecular solids in these environments. By using neural network potentials combined with ring polymer molecular dynamics simulations, we show that nuclear quantum effects increase orientational disorder and rotational dynamics within the acetylene:ammonia (1:1) co-crystal by weakening hydrogen bonds. Our results suggest that nuclear quantum effects are important to accurately model molecular solids and their physical properties in low-temperature environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul C Thakur
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Richard C Remsing
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
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9
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Bass L, Elder LH, Folescu DE, Forouzesh N, Tolokh IS, Karpatne A, Onufriev AV. Improving the Accuracy of Physics-Based Hydration-Free Energy Predictions by Machine Learning the Remaining Error Relative to the Experiment. J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:396-410. [PMID: 38149593 PMCID: PMC10950260 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c00981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
The accuracy of computational models of water is key to atomistic simulations of biomolecules. We propose a computationally efficient way to improve the accuracy of the prediction of hydration-free energies (HFEs) of small molecules: the remaining errors of the physics-based models relative to the experiment are predicted and mitigated by machine learning (ML) as a postprocessing step. Specifically, the trained graph convolutional neural network attempts to identify the "blind spots" in the physics-based model predictions, where the complex physics of aqueous solvation is poorly accounted for, and partially corrects for them. The strategy is explored for five classical solvent models representing various accuracy/speed trade-offs, from the fast analytical generalized Born (GB) to the popular TIP3P explicit solvent model; experimental HFEs of small neutral molecules from the FreeSolv set are used for the training and testing. For all of the models, the ML correction reduces the resulting root-mean-square error relative to the experiment for HFEs of small molecules, without significant overfitting and with negligible computational overhead. For example, on the test set, the relative accuracy improvement is 47% for the fast analytical GB, making it, after the ML correction, almost as accurate as uncorrected TIP3P. For the TIP3P model, the accuracy improvement is about 39%, bringing the ML-corrected model's accuracy below the 1 kcal/mol threshold. In general, the relative benefit of the ML corrections is smaller for more accurate physics-based models, reaching the lower limit of about 20% relative accuracy gain compared with that of the physics-based treatment alone. The proposed strategy of using ML to learn the remaining error of physics-based models offers a distinct advantage over training ML alone directly on reference HFEs: it preserves the correct overall trend, even well outside of the training set.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis Bass
- Department of Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Luke H Elder
- Department of Computer Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Dan E Folescu
- Department of Computer Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
- Department of Mathematics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Negin Forouzesh
- Department of Computer Science, California State University, Los Angeles, California 90032, United States
| | - Igor S Tolokh
- Department of Computer Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Anuj Karpatne
- Department of Computer Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Alexey V Onufriev
- Department of Computer Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
- Department of Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
- Center for Soft Matter and Biological Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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10
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Wu J, Gu M. Perfecting Liquid-State Theories with Machine Intelligence. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:10545-10552. [PMID: 37975624 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Recent years have seen a significant increase in the use of machine intelligence for predicting the electronic structure, molecular force fields, and physicochemical properties of various condensed systems. However, substantial challenges remain in developing a comprehensive framework capable of handling a wide range of atomic compositions and thermodynamic conditions. This perspective discusses potential future developments in liquid-state theories leveraging recent advancements in functional machine learning. By harnessing the strengths of theoretical analysis and machine learning techniques including surrogate models, dimension reduction, and uncertainty quantification, we envision that liquid-state theories will gain significant improvements in accuracy, scalability, and computational efficiency, enabling their broader applications across diverse materials and chemical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhong Wu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Mengyang Gu
- Department of Statistics and Applied Probability, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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11
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Chong S, Grasselli F, Ben Mahmoud C, Morrow JD, Deringer VL, Ceriotti M. Robustness of Local Predictions in Atomistic Machine Learning Models. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:8020-8031. [PMID: 37948446 PMCID: PMC10688186 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c00704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Machine learning (ML) models for molecules and materials commonly rely on a decomposition of the global target quantity into local, atom-centered contributions. This approach is convenient from a computational perspective, enabling large-scale ML-driven simulations with a linear-scaling cost and also allows for the identification and posthoc interpretation of contributions from individual chemical environments and motifs to complicated macroscopic properties. However, even though practical justifications exist for the local decomposition, only the global quantity is rigorously defined. Thus, when the atom-centered contributions are used, their sensitivity to the training strategy or the model architecture should be carefully considered. To this end, we introduce a quantitative metric, which we call the local prediction rigidity (LPR), that allows one to assess how robust the locally decomposed predictions of ML models are. We investigate the dependence of the LPR on the aspects of model training, particularly the composition of training data set, for a range of different problems from simple toy models to real chemical systems. We present strategies to systematically enhance the LPR, which can be used to improve the robustness, interpretability, and transferability of atomistic ML models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanggyu Chong
- Laboratory
of Computational Science and Modeling, Institute
of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Federico Grasselli
- Laboratory
of Computational Science and Modeling, Institute
of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Chiheb Ben Mahmoud
- Laboratory
of Computational Science and Modeling, Institute
of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Joe D. Morrow
- Department
of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QR, U.K.
| | - Volker L. Deringer
- Department
of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QR, U.K.
| | - Michele Ceriotti
- Laboratory
of Computational Science and Modeling, Institute
of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
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12
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Muniz MC, Car R, Panagiotopoulos AZ. Neural Network Water Model Based on the MB-Pol Many-Body Potential. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:9165-9171. [PMID: 37824703 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c04629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
The MB-pol many-body potential accurately predicts many properties of water, including cluster, liquid phase, and vapor-liquid equilibrium properties, but its high computational cost can make applying it in large-scale simulations quite challenging. In order to address this limitation, we developed a "deep potential" neural network (DPMD) model based on the MB-pol potential for water. We find that a DPMD model trained on mostly liquid configurations yields a good description of the bulk liquid phase but severely underpredicts vapor-liquid coexistence densities. By contrast, adding cluster configurations to the neural network training set leads to a good agreement for the vapor coexistence densities. Liquid phase densities under supercooled conditions are also represented well, even though they were not included in the training set. These results confirm that neural network models can combine accuracy and transferability if sufficient attention is given to the construction of a representative training set for the target system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carolina Muniz
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Roberto Car
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Physics, Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics, and Princeton Materials Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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13
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Riera M, Knight C, Bull-Vulpe EF, Zhu X, Agnew H, Smith DGA, Simmonett AC, Paesani F. MBX: A many-body energy and force calculator for data-driven many-body simulations. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:054802. [PMID: 37526156 PMCID: PMC10550339 DOI: 10.1063/5.0156036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Many-Body eXpansion (MBX) is a C++ library that implements many-body potential energy functions (PEFs) within the "many-body energy" (MB-nrg) formalism. MB-nrg PEFs integrate an underlying polarizable model with explicit machine-learned representations of many-body interactions to achieve chemical accuracy from the gas to the condensed phases. MBX can be employed either as a stand-alone package or as an energy/force engine that can be integrated with generic software for molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo simulations. MBX is parallelized internally using Open Multi-Processing and can utilize Message Passing Interface when available in interfaced molecular simulation software. MBX enables classical and quantum molecular simulations with MB-nrg PEFs, as well as hybrid simulations that combine conventional force fields and MB-nrg PEFs, for diverse systems ranging from small gas-phase clusters to aqueous solutions and molecular fluids to biomolecular systems and metal-organic frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Riera
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Christopher Knight
- Argonne National Laboratory, Computational Science Division, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Ethan F. Bull-Vulpe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Xuanyu Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Henry Agnew
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | | | - Andrew C. Simmonett
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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14
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Zeng J, Zhang D, Lu D, Mo P, Li Z, Chen Y, Rynik M, Huang L, Li Z, Shi S, Wang Y, Ye H, Tuo P, Yang J, Ding Y, Li Y, Tisi D, Zeng Q, Bao H, Xia Y, Huang J, Muraoka K, Wang Y, Chang J, Yuan F, Bore SL, Cai C, Lin Y, Wang B, Xu J, Zhu JX, Luo C, Zhang Y, Goodall REA, Liang W, Singh AK, Yao S, Zhang J, Wentzcovitch R, Han J, Liu J, Jia W, York DM, E W, Car R, Zhang L, Wang H. DeePMD-kit v2: A software package for deep potential models. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:054801. [PMID: 37526163 PMCID: PMC10445636 DOI: 10.1063/5.0155600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
DeePMD-kit is a powerful open-source software package that facilitates molecular dynamics simulations using machine learning potentials known as Deep Potential (DP) models. This package, which was released in 2017, has been widely used in the fields of physics, chemistry, biology, and material science for studying atomistic systems. The current version of DeePMD-kit offers numerous advanced features, such as DeepPot-SE, attention-based and hybrid descriptors, the ability to fit tensile properties, type embedding, model deviation, DP-range correction, DP long range, graphics processing unit support for customized operators, model compression, non-von Neumann molecular dynamics, and improved usability, including documentation, compiled binary packages, graphical user interfaces, and application programming interfaces. This article presents an overview of the current major version of the DeePMD-kit package, highlighting its features and technical details. Additionally, this article presents a comprehensive procedure for conducting molecular dynamics as a representative application, benchmarks the accuracy and efficiency of different models, and discusses ongoing developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhe Zeng
- Laboratory for Biomolecular Simulation Research, Institute for Quantitative Biomedicine and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | | | - Denghui Lu
- HEDPS, CAPT, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pinghui Mo
- College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zeyu Li
- Yuanpei College, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yixiao Chen
- Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
| | - Marián Rynik
- Department of Experimental Physics, Comenius University, Mlynská Dolina F2, 842 48 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Li’ang Huang
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China
| | | | - Shaochen Shi
- ByteDance Research, Zhonghang Plaza, No. 43, North 3rd Ring West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | | | - Haotian Ye
- Yuanpei College, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ping Tuo
- AI for Science Institute, Beijing 100080, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiabin Yang
- Baidu, Inc., Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | | | - Yifan Li
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | | | - Qiyu Zeng
- Department of Physics, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410073, People’s Republic of China
| | | | - Yu Xia
- ByteDance Research, Zhonghang Plaza, No. 43, North 3rd Ring West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | | | - Koki Muraoka
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yibo Wang
- DP Technology, Beijing 100080, People’s Republic of China
| | | | - Fengbo Yuan
- DP Technology, Beijing 100080, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sigbjørn Løland Bore
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences and Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033 Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Yinnian Lin
- Wangxuan Institute of Computer Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Wang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiayan Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, United Kingdom
| | - Jia-Xin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenxing Luo
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Yuzhi Zhang
- DP Technology, Beijing 100080, People’s Republic of China
| | | | - Wenshuo Liang
- DP Technology, Beijing 100080, People’s Republic of China
| | - Anurag Kumar Singh
- Department of Data Science, Indian Institute of Technology, Palakkad, Kerala, India
| | - Sikai Yao
- DP Technology, Beijing 100080, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingchao Zhang
- NVIDIA AI Technology Center (NVAITC), Santa Clara, California 95051, USA
| | | | - Jiequn Han
- Center for Computational Mathematics, Flatiron Institute, New York, New York 10010, USA
| | - Jie Liu
- College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | | | - Darrin M. York
- Laboratory for Biomolecular Simulation Research, Institute for Quantitative Biomedicine and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | | | - Roberto Car
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | | | - Han Wang
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
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15
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Piaggi PM, Gartner TE, Car R, Debenedetti PG. Melting curves of ice polymorphs in the vicinity of the liquid-liquid critical point. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:054502. [PMID: 37531247 DOI: 10.1063/5.0159288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The possible existence of a liquid-liquid critical point in deeply supercooled water has been a subject of debate due to the challenges associated with providing definitive experimental evidence. The pioneering work by Mishima and Stanley [Nature 392, 164-168 (1998)] sought to shed light on this problem by studying the melting curves of different ice polymorphs and their metastable continuation in the vicinity of the expected liquid-liquid transition and its associated critical point. Based on the continuous or discontinuous changes in the slope of the melting curves, Mishima [Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 334 (2000)] suggested that the liquid-liquid critical point lies between the melting curves of ice III and ice V. We explore this conjecture using molecular dynamics simulations with a machine learning model based on ab initio quantum-mechanical calculations. We study the melting curves of ices III, IV, V, VI, and XIII and find that all of them are supercritical and do not intersect the liquid-liquid transition locus. We also find a pronounced, yet continuous, change in the slope of the melting lines upon crossing of the liquid locus of maximum compressibility. Finally, we analyze the literature in light of our findings and conclude that the scenario in which the melting curves are supercritical is favored by the most recent computational and experimental evidence. Although the preponderance of evidence is consistent with the existence of a second critical point in water, the behavior of ice polymorph melting lines does not provide strong evidence in support of this viewpoint, according to our calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo M Piaggi
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Thomas E Gartner
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30318, USA
| | - Roberto Car
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Pablo G Debenedetti
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
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16
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Peralta A, Odriozola G. A Neural-Network-Optimized Hydrogen Peroxide Pairwise Additive Model for Classical Simulations. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:4172-4181. [PMID: 37306692 PMCID: PMC10921400 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c00287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We have developed an all-atom pairwise additive model for hydrogen peroxide using an optimization procedure based on artificial neural networks (ANNs). The model is based on experimental molecular geometry and includes a dihedral potential that hinders the cis-type configuration and allows for crossing the trans one, defined between the planes that have the two oxygen atoms and each hydrogen. The model's parametrization is achieved by training simple ANNs to minimize a target function that measures the differences between various thermodynamic and transport properties and the corresponding experimental values. Finally, we evaluated a range of properties for the optimized model and its mixtures with SPC/E water, including bulk-liquid properties (density, thermal expansion coefficient, adiabatic compressibility, etc.) and properties of systems at equilibrium (vapor and liquid density, vapor pressure and composition, surface tension, etc.). Overall, we obtained good agreement with experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro
Ramos Peralta
- Área de Física de Procesos
Irreversibles, División de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Azcapotzalco, Av. San Pablo 180, 02200 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Odriozola
- Área de Física de Procesos
Irreversibles, División de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Azcapotzalco, Av. San Pablo 180, 02200 Ciudad de México, Mexico
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17
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Bore SL, Paesani F. Realistic phase diagram of water from "first principles" data-driven quantum simulations. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3349. [PMID: 37291095 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38855-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the experimental characterization of the low-pressure region of water's phase diagram in the early 1900s, scientists have been on a quest to understand the thermodynamic stability of ice polymorphs on the molecular level. In this study, we demonstrate that combining the MB-pol data-driven many-body potential for water, which was rigorously derived from "first principles" and exhibits chemical accuracy, with advanced enhanced-sampling algorithms, which correctly describe the quantum nature of molecular motion and thermodynamic equilibria, enables computer simulations of water's phase diagram with an unprecedented level of realism. Besides providing fundamental insights into how enthalpic, entropic, and nuclear quantum effects shape the free-energy landscape of water, we demonstrate that recent progress in "first principles" data-driven simulations, which rigorously encode many-body molecular interactions, has opened the door to realistic computational studies of complex molecular systems, bridging the gap between experiments and simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigbjørn Løland Bore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Francesco Paesani
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
- Halicioğlu Data Science Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
- San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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18
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Sanchez-Burgos I, Muniz MC, Espinosa JR, Panagiotopoulos AZ. A Deep Potential model for liquid-vapor equilibrium and cavitation rates of water. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:2889532. [PMID: 37158636 DOI: 10.1063/5.0144500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Computational studies of liquid water and its phase transition into vapor have traditionally been performed using classical water models. Here, we utilize the Deep Potential methodology-a machine learning approach-to study this ubiquitous phase transition, starting from the phase diagram in the liquid-vapor coexistence regime. The machine learning model is trained on ab initio energies and forces based on the SCAN density functional, which has been previously shown to reproduce solid phases and other properties of water. Here, we compute the surface tension, saturation pressure, and enthalpy of vaporization for a range of temperatures spanning from 300 to 600 K and evaluate the Deep Potential model performance against experimental results and the semiempirical TIP4P/2005 classical model. Moreover, by employing the seeding technique, we evaluate the free energy barrier and nucleation rate at negative pressures for the isotherm of 296.4 K. We find that the nucleation rates obtained from the Deep Potential model deviate from those computed for the TIP4P/2005 water model due to an underestimation in the surface tension from the Deep Potential model. From analysis of the seeding simulations, we also evaluate the Tolman length for the Deep Potential water model, which is (0.091 ± 0.008) nm at 296.4 K. Finally, we identify that water molecules display a preferential orientation in the liquid-vapor interface, in which H atoms tend to point toward the vapor phase to maximize the enthalpic gain of interfacial molecules. We find that this behavior is more pronounced for planar interfaces than for the curved interfaces in bubbles. This work represents the first application of Deep Potential models to the study of liquid-vapor coexistence and water cavitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Sanchez-Burgos
- Maxwell Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue,Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Maria Carolina Muniz
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Jorge R Espinosa
- Maxwell Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue,Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
- Departamento de Química Fisica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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19
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Guidarelli Mattioli F, Sciortino F, Russo J. Are Neural Network Potentials Trained on Liquid States Transferable to Crystal Nucleation? A Test on Ice Nucleation in the mW Water Model. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:3894-3901. [PMID: 37075256 PMCID: PMC10165654 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c00693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Neural network potentials (NNPs) are increasingly being used to study processes that happen on long time scales. A typical example is crystal nucleation, which rate is controlled by the occurrence of a rare fluctuation, i.e., the appearance of the critical nucleus. Because the properties of this nucleus are far from those of the bulk crystal, it is yet unclear whether NN potentials trained on equilibrium liquid states can accurately describe nucleation processes. So far, nucleation studies on NNPs have been limited to ab initio models whose nucleation properties are unknown, preventing an accurate comparison. Here we train a NN potential on the mW model of water─a classical three-body potential whose nucleation time scale is accessible in standard simulations. We show that a NNP trained only on a small number of liquid state points can reproduce with great accuracy the nucleation rates and free energy barriers of the original model, computed from both spontaneous and biased trajectories, strongly supporting the use of NNPs to study nucleation events.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - John Russo
- Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
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20
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Guidarelli Mattioli F, Sciortino F, Russo J. A neural network potential with self-trained atomic fingerprints: A test with the mW water potential. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:104501. [PMID: 36922151 DOI: 10.1063/5.0139245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a neural network (NN) potential based on a new set of atomic fingerprints built upon two- and three-body contributions that probe distances and local orientational order, respectively. Compared with the existing NN potentials, the atomic fingerprints depend on a small set of tunable parameters that are trained together with the NN weights. In addition to simplifying the selection of the atomic fingerprints, this strategy can also considerably increase the overall accuracy of the network representation. To tackle the simultaneous training of the atomic fingerprint parameters and NN weights, we adopt an annealing protocol that progressively cycles the learning rate, significantly improving the accuracy of the NN potential. We test the performance of the network potential against the mW model of water, which is a classical three-body potential that well captures the anomalies of the liquid phase. Trained on just three state points, the NN potential is able to reproduce the mW model in a very wide range of densities and temperatures, from negative pressures to several GPa, capturing the transition from an open random tetrahedral network to a dense interpenetrated network. The NN potential also reproduces very well properties for which it was not explicitly trained, such as dynamical properties and the structure of the stable crystalline phases of mW.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - John Russo
- Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
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