1
|
Gising J, Honarnejad S, Bras M, Baillie GL, McElroy SP, Jones PS, Morrison A, Beveridge J, Hallberg M, Larhed M. The Discovery of New Inhibitors of Insulin-Regulated Aminopeptidase by a High-Throughput Screening of 400,000 Drug-like Compounds. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4084. [PMID: 38612894 PMCID: PMC11012289 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25074084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
With the ambition to identify novel chemical starting points that can be further optimized into small drug-like inhibitors of insulin-regulated aminopeptidase (IRAP) and serve as potential future cognitive enhancers in the clinic, we conducted an ultra-high-throughput screening campaign of a chemically diverse compound library of approximately 400,000 drug-like small molecules. Three biochemical and one biophysical assays were developed to enable large-scale screening and hit triaging. The screening funnel, designed to be compatible with high-density microplates, was established with two enzyme inhibition assays employing either fluorescent or absorbance readouts. As IRAP is a zinc-dependent enzyme, the remaining active compounds were further evaluated in the primary assay, albeit with the addition of zinc ions. Rescreening with zinc confirmed the inhibitory activity for most compounds, emphasizing a zinc-independent mechanism of action. Additionally, target engagement was confirmed using a complementary biophysical thermal shift assay where compounds causing positive/negative thermal shifts were considered genuine binders. Triaging based on biochemical activity, target engagement, and drug-likeness resulted in the selection of 50 qualified hits, of which the IC50 of 32 compounds was below 3.5 µM. Despite hydroxamic acid dominance, diverse chemotypes with biochemical activity and target engagement were discovered, including non-hydroxamic acid compounds. The most potent compound (QHL1) was resynthesized with a confirmed inhibitory IC50 of 320 nM. Amongst these compounds, 20 new compound structure classes were identified, providing many new starting points for the development of unique IRAP inhibitors. Detailed characterization and optimization of lead compounds, considering both hydroxamic acids and other diverse structures, are in progress for further exploration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johan Gising
- The Beijer Laboratory, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 574, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; (J.B.); (M.L.)
| | - Saman Honarnejad
- Pivot Park Screening Centre, Kloosterstraat 9, 5349 AB Oss, The Netherlands; (S.H.); (M.B.)
| | - Maaike Bras
- Pivot Park Screening Centre, Kloosterstraat 9, 5349 AB Oss, The Netherlands; (S.H.); (M.B.)
| | - Gemma L. Baillie
- BioAscent Discovery Ltd., Bo‘Ness Road, Newhouse, Motherwell ML1 5UH, UK; (G.L.B.); (S.P.M.); (P.S.J.); (A.M.)
| | - Stuart P. McElroy
- BioAscent Discovery Ltd., Bo‘Ness Road, Newhouse, Motherwell ML1 5UH, UK; (G.L.B.); (S.P.M.); (P.S.J.); (A.M.)
| | - Philip S. Jones
- BioAscent Discovery Ltd., Bo‘Ness Road, Newhouse, Motherwell ML1 5UH, UK; (G.L.B.); (S.P.M.); (P.S.J.); (A.M.)
| | - Angus Morrison
- BioAscent Discovery Ltd., Bo‘Ness Road, Newhouse, Motherwell ML1 5UH, UK; (G.L.B.); (S.P.M.); (P.S.J.); (A.M.)
| | - Julia Beveridge
- The Beijer Laboratory, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 574, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; (J.B.); (M.L.)
| | - Mathias Hallberg
- The Beijer Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Neuropharmacology and Addiction Research, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 591, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Mats Larhed
- The Beijer Laboratory, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 574, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; (J.B.); (M.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hansel CS, Lanne A, Rowlands H, Shaw J, Collier MJ, Plant H. High-throughput differential scanning fluorimetry (DSF) and cellular thermal shift assays (CETSA): Shifting from manual to automated screening. SLAS Technol 2023; 28:411-415. [PMID: 37598756 DOI: 10.1016/j.slast.2023.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Biophysical affinity screening is increasingly being adopted as a high-throughput hit finding technique in drug discovery. Automation is highly beneficial to high-throughput screening (HTS) since a large number of compounds need to be reproducibly tested against a biological target. Herein, we describe how we have automated two biophysical affinity screening methods that rely on a thermal shift in protein melting temperature upon small molecule binding: differential scanning fluorimetry (DSF) and the cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine S Hansel
- High-throughput Screening, Hit Discovery, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, UK.
| | - Alice Lanne
- High-throughput Screening, Hit Discovery, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, UK
| | - Hannah Rowlands
- High-throughput Screening, Hit Discovery, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, UK
| | - Joseph Shaw
- Assay Development, Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Matthew J Collier
- High-throughput Screening, Hit Discovery, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, UK
| | - Helen Plant
- High-throughput Screening, Hit Discovery, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bagdonas M, Čerepenkaitė K, Mickevičiūtė A, Kananavičiūtė R, Grybaitė B, Anusevičius K, Rukšėnaitė A, Kojis T, Gedgaudas M, Mickevičius V, Matulis D, Zubrienė A, Matulienė J. Screening, Synthesis and Biochemical Characterization of SARS-CoV-2 Protease Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13491. [PMID: 37686295 PMCID: PMC10488051 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome-causing coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) papain-like protease (PLpro) and main protease (Mpro) play an important role in viral replication events and are important targets for anti-coronavirus drug discovery. In search of these protease inhibitors, we screened a library of 1300 compounds using a fluorescence thermal shift assay (FTSA) and identified 53 hits that thermally stabilized or destabilized PLpro. The hit compounds structurally belonged to two classes of small molecules: thiazole derivatives and symmetrical disulfide compounds. Compound dissociation constants (Kd) were determined using an enzymatic inhibition method. Seven aromatic disulfide compounds were identified as efficient PLpro inhibitors with Kd values in the micromolar range. Two disulfides displayed six-fold higher potency for PLpro (Kd = 0.5 µM) than for Mpro. The disulfide derivatives bound covalently to both proteases, as confirmed through mass spectrometry. The identified compounds can serve as lead compounds for further chemical optimization toward anti-COVID-19 drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martynas Bagdonas
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (M.B.); (K.Č.); (A.M.); (T.K.); (M.G.); (D.M.)
| | - Kamilė Čerepenkaitė
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (M.B.); (K.Č.); (A.M.); (T.K.); (M.G.); (D.M.)
| | - Aurelija Mickevičiūtė
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (M.B.); (K.Č.); (A.M.); (T.K.); (M.G.); (D.M.)
| | - Rūta Kananavičiūtė
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Birutė Grybaitė
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenų pl. 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania; (B.G.); (K.A.); (V.M.)
| | - Kazimieras Anusevičius
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenų pl. 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania; (B.G.); (K.A.); (V.M.)
| | - Audronė Rukšėnaitė
- Department of Biological DNA Modification, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Tautvydas Kojis
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (M.B.); (K.Č.); (A.M.); (T.K.); (M.G.); (D.M.)
| | - Marius Gedgaudas
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (M.B.); (K.Č.); (A.M.); (T.K.); (M.G.); (D.M.)
| | - Vytautas Mickevičius
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenų pl. 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania; (B.G.); (K.A.); (V.M.)
| | - Daumantas Matulis
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (M.B.); (K.Č.); (A.M.); (T.K.); (M.G.); (D.M.)
| | - Asta Zubrienė
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (M.B.); (K.Č.); (A.M.); (T.K.); (M.G.); (D.M.)
| | - Jurgita Matulienė
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (M.B.); (K.Č.); (A.M.); (T.K.); (M.G.); (D.M.)
| |
Collapse
|