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Tsai K, Long C, Liang TZ, Napolitano J, Khawaja R, Leung AM. Driving Factors to Pursue Endocrinology Training Fellowship: Empirical Survey Data and Future Strategies. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e2459-e2463. [PMID: 35165741 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is a current and anticipated labor shortage of endocrinologists in the United States. Over the past decade, the number of applications to endocrinology fellowship programs has plateaued despite increased available positions, and interest in endocrinology has declined relative to other internal medicine subspecialty fields. The examination of driving factors for pursuit of endocrinology as a subspecialty career is needed. METHODS A 12-question online survey was developed to identify the primary reasons for current endocrinology fellows/trainees to pursue the field. This survey was sent to 152 U.S. endocrinology fellowship program directors for completion by their fellows between July and August 2021. RESULTS A total of 176 of 629 fellows (28.0%) completed the survey. The majority (57.4%) had decided to pursue endocrinology as a career during residency, while 27.3% had decided during medical school. The endocrinology rotation during residency was ranked by 79 fellows (44.9%) as the most influential factor, followed by having positive experiences with a clinical mentor (27.3%). Endocrinology exposure during medical school was sparse, with only 2.8% noting the availability of an endocrinology student interest group, while 59.7% reported inadequate endocrinology exposure during their medical school curriculum. CONCLUSION The majority of current endocrinology fellows/trainees report that exposure to the field during medical school was limited, and that their endocrinology elective and mentorship experiences during residency were the most influential factors for pursuing endocrinology as a subspecialty. Improved integration of endocrinology experiences between medical school and residency may enhance career interest in endocrinology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Tsai
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
| | - Clarine Long
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Tom Z Liang
- Department of Pathology, Keck Medical Center of USC, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Jason Napolitano
- Department of Medicine, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Raheela Khawaja
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism; The Ohio State University and Arthur G. James Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Angela M Leung
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
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Herrmann AC, Hanau C, Karcher D, Miller DC, Murtha A, Sanders AE, Timmons C, Kaul KL. The pathology fellowship application crisis: The current state and suggestions for remediation. Acad Pathol 2022; 9:100029. [PMID: 35782704 PMCID: PMC9240977 DOI: 10.1016/j.acpath.2022.100029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Problems within the Pathology fellowship application process in the US have been recognized and reported for years. Recently, members of the Graduate Medical Education Committee (GMEC) of the Association of Pathology Chairs (APC) and collaborators collected survey data from the residents themselves and the fellowship programs, as represented by both the fellowship program directors (members of the Fellowship Directors Ad Hoc Committee, FDAHC) and the program administrators (members of the Graduate Medical Education Administrators Section, GMEAS). These data are presented and discussed, and potential steps to resolve some of the problems around fellowship applications in pathology are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda C. Herrmann
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cheryl Hanau
- Department of Pathology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Donald Karcher
- Department of Pathology, George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Douglas C. Miller
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Alexandra Murtha
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Ashley E. Sanders
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Charles Timmons
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Karen L. Kaul
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
- Corresponding author. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, NorthShore University HealthSystem, 2650 Ridge Ave., Evanston, IL, 60201, USA.
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Resident Wellness in Radiology as Portrayed by Departmental Websites. Acad Radiol 2021; 29:1259-1265. [PMID: 34400076 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2021.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES Departmental websites are often the first exposure applicants have in researching programs. Websites provide information about resident education as well as infrastructure for resident wellness. For this study, we reviewed residency websites to evaluate resident wellness initiatives and extent of details available online. MATERIALS AND METHODS Program websites for diagnostic radiology residencies listed in the 2020 ERAS program list were evaluated for 26 criteria pertaining to resident wellness. Criteria which are not radiology resident specific were also evaluated on their graduate medical education (GME) websites if unavailable on the departmental website. RESULTS Of 189 programs, 185 (97.9%) had functioning websites for review. Book funds were mentioned by 57% (mean $3,762), and 43.5% discussed housing stipends during AIRP (mean $2,204); neither significantly correlated with program size. Retirement plan matching was present for 47.8% of programs. Almost all programs utilized night float call schedules, with relatively similar distribution of residents starting on-call duties as fall PGY2s, spring PGY2s, and starting PGY3s. Moonlighting was mentioned by 22.8% of departments. Paid wellness days were discussed in 10.8% (mean 3.1 days/year), and 37.7% described paid parental leave (mean 27.8 days/year). Less than 10% described resident mentoring, wellness committees, or non-clinical curricula. Resident retreats were mentioned by 21.6% of programs, and 11.4% described regular social activities; both were found more frequently at larger programs (chi-square analysis, p <0.00625). CONCLUSION This study evaluated radiology residency program and GME websites for information pertaining to resident wellness. While financial and clinical information was typically present for >50% of programs, information regarding social initiatives was generally lacking and may be one area to bolster resident wellness and describe on websites.
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Rabski JE, Saha A, Cusimano MD. Setting standards of performance expected in neurosurgery residency: A study on entrustable professional activities in competency-based medical education. Am J Surg 2020; 221:388-393. [PMID: 33341234 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2020.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Competency-based medical education requires evaluations of residents' performances of tasks of the discipline (ie. entrustable professional activities (EPAs)). Using neurosurgical Faculty perspectives, this study investigated whether a sample of neurosurgical EPAs accurately reflected the expectations of general neurosurgical practice. METHOD A questionnaire was sent to all Canadian neurosurgery Faculty using a SurveyMonkey® platform. RESULTS The proportion of respondents who believed the EPAs were representative of general neurosurgery competences varied significantly across all EPAs [47%-100%] (p < 0.0001). For 9/15 proposed EPAs, ≥75% agreed they were appropriate for general neurosurgery training and expected residents to attain the highest standard of performance. However, a range of 27-53% of the respondents felt the other six EPAs would be more appropriate for fellowship training and thus, require a lower standard of performance from graduating residents. CONCLUSION The shift towards subspecialization in neurosurgery has implications for curriculum design, delivery and certification of graduating residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E Rabski
- Injury Prevention Research Office, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - Ashirbani Saha
- Injury Prevention Research Office, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael D Cusimano
- Injury Prevention Research Office, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Kani KK, Mulcahy H, Chew FS. Non-interventional Radiology Fellowship Programs: What Is Out There? Curr Probl Diagn Radiol 2020; 50:599-606. [PMID: 32741685 DOI: 10.1067/j.cpradiol.2020.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the spectrum of non-interventional radiology fellowship programs in institutions that offer both a radiology residency program and one or more non-interventional radiology fellowship programs. METHODS Institutions offering both radiology residency and non-interventional radiology fellowship programs were identified using publicly available websites. The non-interventional radiology fellowship programs were categorized into "traditional" (neuroradiology, breast imaging, abdominal imaging, musculoskeletal imaging, thoracic imaging, pediatric radiology, and nuclear medicine) and "nontraditional" fellowship programs. The nontraditional programs were stratified into four categories: a) Combinations of traditional fellowships; b) Focused nontraditional fellowships; c) Combinations of traditional and focused nontraditional fellowships (excluding traditional-traditional combinations); and d) Mandatory two-year fellowships. The distributions of the different types of traditional and nontraditional fellowship programs were evaluated. RESULTS 555 fellowship programs were identified in 113 institutions that offered both radiology residency and non-interventional radiology fellowship programs. 73.33% (407/555) of the programs were traditional fellowships, and 26.66% (148/555) were nontraditional fellowships. The 148 nontraditional fellowship programs were comprised of 41 different types of programs, 23 types of which were unique to and offered exclusively at specific institutions. 38.08% of the traditional fellowship programs were Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) accredited, while only 16.21% (24/148) of the nontraditional fellowship programs were ACGME-accredited. CONCLUSIONS The nontraditional non-interventional radiology fellowship programs are formed by a heterogeneous group of programs, some of which are offered exclusively at a single institution. Awareness of the types of existing programs would help radiology residents in making a more informed decision regarding their fellowship training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimia Khalatbari Kani
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
| | | | - Felix S Chew
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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Huang J, Patel S, Scruggs R, Levin D. In Pursuit of Fellowship: Results From a 2016 Survey of US Trainees. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol 2019; 48:22-26. [DOI: 10.1067/j.cpradiol.2017.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Napolitano F, Navaro M, Vezzosi L, Santagati G, Angelillo IF. Primary care pediatricians' attitudes and practice towards HPV vaccination: A nationwide survey in Italy. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194920. [PMID: 29596515 PMCID: PMC5875794 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This national online cross-sectional survey in Italy assessed primary care pediatricians’ (PCPs) attitudes and practices regarding Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination and the contribution of several characteristics. The questionnaire was distributed from September 2016 to June 2017 to a random sample of 640 PCPs by email via an internet-link leading to a web-based survey platform (Lime Survey). Only 18.4% of PCPs always recommend the HPV vaccine to 11–12 year old boys. PCPs with longer practice activity, working in solo practice, always recommended the HPV vaccine to 11–12 year old girls, and believed that the vaccine was effective for boys were more likely to always recommend the HPV vaccine. PCPs working in a Region where the vaccination was actively recommended and provided free of charge to 11–12 year old boys had higher odds of recommending vaccination. More than two thirds of PCPs (77.4%) always recommend the HPV vaccine to 11–12 year old girls. PCPs who believed that the vaccine was effective for girls and safe in both boys and girls, who always talk with patients of 11–18 years or their parents about HPV infection and vaccination, and who obtain vaccine information from scientific journals were more likely to always recommend the vaccine. PCPs should employ evidence-based educational strategies in order to achieve a better coverage and to reduce the morbidities and mortality of diseases associated with HPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Napolitano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Monica Navaro
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Vezzosi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriella Santagati
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Italo Francesco Angelillo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
- * E-mail:
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