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Liu G, Pan S, Xia H, Li M, Wu A. The causal relationship between thoracic aortic aneurysm and immune cells: a mendelian randomization study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2024; 24:212. [PMID: 38627614 PMCID: PMC11020992 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-024-03876-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
One of the pathogenic causes of thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA), a dangerous vascular condition that can cause aortic rupture, is autoimmune disorders. Currently, immune cell clustering is becoming more and more refined, and the specific immune cell phenotypes involved are yet unknown. Here, we want to clarify the causal link between TAA risk and 731 immune cell traits. There was a Mendelian randomization analysis (MR). We discovered that the presence of TAA led to an increase in CD45 on CD33- HLA-DR- myeloid cells, an increase in CD45 on natural killer cells, and a decrease in FSC-A on granulocytes after applying FDR correction. Our research also revealed a strong correlation between the incidence of TAA and an increase in immune cells with CD3 on CD39+ CD4+, and CD25 on IgD- CD27- phenotypes. Through genetic techniques, our research has shown the intimate relationship between immune cells and TAA, offering direction for future clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoli Liu
- Deparment of Vascular surgery, Xianning Central Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Sha Pan
- Department of Neonatology, Xianning Central Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Hongli Xia
- Deparment of Vascular surgery, Xianning Central Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei, P. R. China.
| | - Mincai Li
- Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Ansen Wu
- Deparment of Vascular surgery, Xianning Central Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei, P. R. China.
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2
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Terriaca S, Monastero R, Orlandi A, Balistreri CR. The key role of miRNA in syndromic and sporadic forms of ascending aortic aneurysms as biomarkers and targets of novel therapeutic strategies. Front Genet 2024; 15:1365711. [PMID: 38450200 PMCID: PMC10915088 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1365711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence shows that epigenetics also plays a key role in regulating the pathogenetic mechanism of all types of aortic aneurysms. It is well-known that epigenetic factors modulate gene expression. This mechanism appears to be of interest especially knowing the relevance of genetic susceptibility and genetic factors in the complex pathophysiology of aortic aneurysms, and of sporadic forms; in fact, the latter are the result of a close interaction between genetic and modifiable lifestyle factors (i.e., nutrition, smoking, infections, use of drugs, alcohol, sedentary lifestyle, etc.). Epigenetic factors include DNA methylation, post-translational histone modifications, and non-coding RNA. Here, our attention is focused on the role of miRNA in syndromic and sporadic forms of thoracic aortic aneurysms. They could be both biomarkers and targets of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Terriaca
- Pathological Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Monastero
- Section of Neurology, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Augusto Orlandi
- Pathological Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Carmela Rita Balistreri
- Cellular, Molecular, and Clinical Pathological Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi N D), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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3
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Wang Y, Panicker IS, Anesi J, Sargisson O, Atchison B, Habenicht AJR. Animal Models, Pathogenesis, and Potential Treatment of Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:901. [PMID: 38255976 PMCID: PMC10815651 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) has a prevalence of 0.16-0.34% and an incidence of 7.6 per 100,000 person-years, accounting for 1-2% of all deaths in Western countries. Currently, no effective pharmacological therapies have been identified to slow TAA development and prevent TAA rupture. Large TAAs are treated with open surgical repair and less invasive thoracic endovascular aortic repair, both of which have high perioperative mortality risk. Therefore, there is an urgent medical need to identify the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying TAA development and rupture to develop new therapies. In this review, we summarize animal TAA models including recent developments in porcine and zebrafish models: porcine models can assess new therapeutic devices or intervention strategies in a large mammal and zebrafish models can employ large-scale small-molecule suppressor screening in microwells. The second part of the review covers current views of TAA pathogenesis, derived from recent studies using these animal models, with a focus on the roles of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) pathway and the vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC)-elastin-contractile unit. The last part discusses TAA treatment options as they emerge from recent preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutang Wang
- Discipline of Life Science, Institute of Innovation, Science and Sustainability, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, VIC 3353, Australia; (I.S.P.)
| | - Indu S. Panicker
- Discipline of Life Science, Institute of Innovation, Science and Sustainability, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, VIC 3353, Australia; (I.S.P.)
| | - Jack Anesi
- Discipline of Life Science, Institute of Innovation, Science and Sustainability, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, VIC 3353, Australia; (I.S.P.)
| | - Owen Sargisson
- Discipline of Life Science, Institute of Innovation, Science and Sustainability, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, VIC 3353, Australia; (I.S.P.)
| | - Benjamin Atchison
- Discipline of Life Science, Institute of Innovation, Science and Sustainability, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, VIC 3353, Australia; (I.S.P.)
| | - Andreas J. R. Habenicht
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), 80336 Munich, Germany;
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4
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Cho MJ, Lee MR, Park JG. Aortic aneurysms: current pathogenesis and therapeutic targets. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:2519-2530. [PMID: 38036736 PMCID: PMC10766996 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01130-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Aortic aneurysm is a chronic disease characterized by localized expansion of the aorta, including the ascending aorta, arch, descending aorta, and abdominal aorta. Although aortic aneurysms are generally asymptomatic, they can threaten human health by sudden death due to aortic rupture. Aortic aneurysms are estimated to lead to 150,000 ~ 200,000 deaths per year worldwide. Currently, there are no effective drugs to prevent the growth or rupture of aortic aneurysms; surgical repair or endovascular repair is the only option for treating this condition. The pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic targets for aortic aneurysms have been examined over the past decade; however, there are unknown pathogenic mechanisms involved in cellular heterogeneity and plasticity, the complexity of the transforming growth factor-β signaling pathway, inflammation, cell death, intramural neovascularization, and intercellular communication. This review summarizes the latest research findings and current pathogenic mechanisms of aortic aneurysms, which may enhance our understanding of aortic aneurysms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ji Cho
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Ran Lee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Jungwon University, 85 Munmu-ro, Goesan-eup, Goesan-gun, Chungbuk, 28024, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Gil Park
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Bioscience, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
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Grewal N, Dolmaci O, Klautz A, Legue J, Driessen A, Klautz R, Poelmann R. The role of transforming growth factor beta in bicuspid aortic valve aortopathy. Indian J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2023; 39:270-279. [PMID: 38093932 PMCID: PMC10713891 DOI: 10.1007/s12055-023-01513-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
A bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is the most prevalent congenital cardiac deformity, which is associated with an increased risk to develop a thoracic aortic aneurysm and/or an aortic dissection as compared to persons with a tricuspid aortic valve. Due to the high prevalence of a BAV in the general population and the associated life-long increased risk for adverse vascular events, BAV disease places a considerable burden on the public health. The aim of the present review is to discuss the role of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling in the development of the vascular wall and on how this complex signaling pathway may be involved in thoracic aortic aneurysm formation in tricuspid and BAV patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimrat Grewal
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Onur Dolmaci
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Arthur Klautz
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Juno Legue
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Antoine Driessen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Robert Klautz
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Robert Poelmann
- Institute of Biology, Animal Sciences and Health, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Mizrak D, Zhao Y, Feng H, Macaulay J, Tang Y, Sultan Z, Zhao G, Guo Y, Zhang J, Yang B, Eugene Chen Y. Single-Molecule Spatial Transcriptomics of Human Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms Uncovers Calcification-Related CARTPT-Expressing Smooth Muscle Cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2023; 43:2285-2297. [PMID: 37823268 PMCID: PMC10842613 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.319329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although single-cell RNA-sequencing is commonly applied to dissect the heterogeneity in human tissues, it involves the preparation of single-cell suspensions via cell dissociation, causing loss of spatial information. In this study, we employed high-resolution single-cell transcriptome imaging to reveal rare smooth muscle cell (SMC) types in human thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) tissue samples. METHODS Single-molecule spatial distribution of transcripts from 140 genes was analyzed in fresh-frozen human TAA samples with region and sex-matched controls. In vitro studies and tissue staining were performed to examine human CART prepropeptide (CARTPT) regulation and function. RESULTS We captured thousands of cells per sample including a spatially distinct CARTPT-expressing SMC subtype enriched in male TAA samples. Immunoassays confirmed human CART (cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript) protein enrichment in male TAA tissue and truncated CARTPT secretion into cell culture medium. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein, a cardiovascular risk factor, induced CARTPT expression, whereas CARTPT overexpression in human aortic SMCs increased the expression of key osteochondrogenic transcription factors and reduced contractile gene expression. Recombinant human CART treatment of human SMCs further confirmed this phenotype. Alizarin red staining revealed calcium deposition in male TAA samples showing similar localization with human CART staining. CONCLUSIONS Here, we demonstrate the feasibility of single-molecule imaging in uncovering rare SMC subtypes in the diseased human aorta, a difficult tissue to dissociate. We identified a spatially distinct CARTPT-expressing SMC subtype enriched in male human TAA samples. Our functional studies suggest that human CART promotes osteochondrogenic switch of aortic SMCs, potentially leading to medial calcification of the thoracic aorta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dogukan Mizrak
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hao Feng
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jane Macaulay
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ying Tang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Zain Sultan
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Guizhen Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yanhong Guo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jifeng Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Y. Eugene Chen
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Ito S, Amioka N, Franklin MK, Wang P, Liang CL, Katsumata Y, Cai L, Temel RE, Daugherty A, Lu HS, Sawada H. Association of NOTCH3 With Elastic Fiber Dispersion in the Infrarenal Abdominal Aorta of Cynomolgus Monkeys. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2023; 43:2301-2311. [PMID: 37855127 PMCID: PMC10843096 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.319244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The regional heterogeneity of vascular components and transcriptomes is an important determinant of aortic biology. This notion has been explored in multiple mouse studies. In the present study, we examined the regional heterogeneity of aortas in nonhuman primates. METHODS Aortic samples were harvested from the ascending, descending thoracic, suprarenal, and infrarenal regions of young control monkeys and adult monkeys with high fructose consumption for 3 years. The regional heterogeneity of aortic structure and transcriptomes was examined by histological and bulk RNA sequencing analyses, respectively. RESULTS Immunostaining of CD31 and αSMA (alpha-smooth muscle actin) revealed that endothelial and smooth muscle cells were distributed homogeneously across the aortic regions. In contrast, elastic fibers were less abundant and dispersed in the infrarenal aorta compared with other regions and associated with collagen deposition. Bulk RNA sequencing identified a distinct transcriptome related to the Notch signaling pathway in the infrarenal aorta with significantly increased NOTCH3 mRNA compared with other regions. Immunostaining revealed that NOTCH3 protein was increased in the media of the infrarenal aorta. The abundance of medial NOTCH3 was positively correlated with the dispersion of elastic fibers. Adult cynomolgus monkeys with high fructose consumption displayed vascular wall remodeling, such as smooth muscle cell loss and elastic fiber disruption, predominantly in the infrarenal region. The correlation between NOTCH3 and elastic fiber dispersion was enhanced in these monkeys. CONCLUSIONS Aortas of young cynomolgus monkeys display regional heterogeneity of their transcriptome and the structure of elastin and collagens. Elastic fibers in the infrarenal aorta are dispersed along with upregulation of medial NOTCH3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohei Ito
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medicine
| | - Naofumi Amioka
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medicine
| | | | - Pengjun Wang
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medicine
| | | | - Yuriko Katsumata
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, KY
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, KY
| | - Lei Cai
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medicine
| | - Ryan E. Temel
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medicine
- Saha Aortic Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, KY
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, KY
| | - Alan Daugherty
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medicine
- Saha Aortic Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, KY
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, KY
| | - Hong S. Lu
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medicine
- Saha Aortic Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, KY
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, KY
| | - Hisashi Sawada
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medicine
- Saha Aortic Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, KY
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, KY
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Sheng Y, Wu L, Chang Y, Liu W, Tao M, Chen X, Zhang X, Li B, Zhang N, Ye D, Zhang C, Zhu D, Zhao H, Chen A, Chen H, Song J. Tomo-seq identifies NINJ1 as a potential target for anti-inflammatory strategy in thoracic aortic dissection. BMC Med 2023; 21:396. [PMID: 37858098 PMCID: PMC10588060 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-03077-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thoracic aortic dissection (TAD) is a life-threatening disease caused by an intimal tear in the aorta. The histological characteristics differ significantly between the tear area (TA) and the distant area. Previous studies have emphasized that certain specific genes tend to cluster at the TA. Obtaining a thorough understanding of the precise molecular signatures near the TA will assist in discovering therapeutic strategies for TAD. METHODS We performed a paired comparison of the pathological patterns in the TA with that in the remote area (RA). We used Tomo-seq, genome-wide transcriptional profiling with spatial resolution, to obtain gene expression signatures spanning from the TA to the RA. Samples from multiple sporadic TAD patients and animal models were used to validate our findings. RESULTS Pathological examination revealed that the TA of TAD exhibited more pronounced intimal hyperplasia, media degeneration, and inflammatory infiltration compared to the RA. The TA also had more apoptotic cells and CD31+α-SMA+ cells. Tomo-seq revealed four distinct gene expression patterns from the TA to the RA, which were inflammation, collagen catabolism, extracellular matrix remodeling, and cell stress, respectively. The spatial distribution of genes allowed us to identify genes that were potentially relevant with TAD. NINJ1 encoded the protein-mediated cytoplasmic membrane rupture, regulated tissue remodeling, showed high expression levels in the tear area, and co-expressed within the inflammatory pattern. The use of short hairpin RNA to reduce NINJ1 expression in the beta-aminopropionitrile-induced TAD model led to a significant decrease in TAD formation. Additionally, it resulted in reduced infiltration of inflammatory cells and a decrease in the number of CD31+α-SMA+ cells. The NINJ1-neutralizing antibody also demonstrated comparable therapeutic effects and can effectively impede the formation of TAD. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that Tomo-seq had the advantage of obtaining spatial expression information of TAD across the TA and the RA. We pointed out that NINJ1 may be involved in inflammation and tissue remodeling, which played an important role in the formation of TAD. NINJ1 may serve as a potential therapeutic target for TAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Sheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Liying Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Preclinical Research and Evaluation for Cardiovascular Implant Materials, Animal Experimental Centre, Fuwai Hospital, National Centre for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Wendao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Menghao Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Preclinical Research and Evaluation for Cardiovascular Implant Materials, Animal Experimental Centre, Fuwai Hospital, National Centre for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Preclinical Research and Evaluation for Cardiovascular Implant Materials, Animal Experimental Centre, Fuwai Hospital, National Centre for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Xiong Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ningning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Preclinical Research and Evaluation for Cardiovascular Implant Materials, Animal Experimental Centre, Fuwai Hospital, National Centre for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Dongting Ye
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunxi Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Daliang Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haisen Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aijun Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haisheng Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jiangping Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Preclinical Research and Evaluation for Cardiovascular Implant Materials, Animal Experimental Centre, Fuwai Hospital, National Centre for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China.
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen, 518057, China.
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Tomida S, Ishima T, Sawaki D, Imai Y, Nagai R, Aizawa K. Multi-Omics of Familial Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm and Dissection: Calcium Transport Impairment Predisposes Aortas to Dissection. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15213. [PMID: 37894894 PMCID: PMC10607035 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Several genetic defects, including a mutation in myosin heavy chain 11 (Myh11), are reported to cause familial thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection (FTAAD). We recently showed that mice lacking K1256 of Myh11 developed aortic dissection when stimulated with angiotensin II, despite the absence of major pathological phenotypic abnormalities prior to stimulation. In this study, we used a comprehensive, data-driven, unbiased, multi-omics approach to find underlying changes in transcription and metabolism that predispose the aorta to dissection in mice harboring the Myh11 K1256del mutation. Pathway analysis of transcriptomes showed that genes involved in membrane transport were downregulated in homozygous mutant (Myh11ΔK/ΔK) aortas. Furthermore, expanding the analysis with metabolomics showed that two mechanisms that raise the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration-multiple calcium channel expression and ADP-ribose synthesis-were attenuated in Myh11ΔK/ΔK aortas. We suggest that the impairment of the Ca2+ influx attenuates aortic contraction and that suboptimal contraction predisposes the aorta to dissection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Tomida
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke 329-0498, Tochigi, Japan; (S.T.); (T.I.); (D.S.); (Y.I.)
| | - Tamaki Ishima
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke 329-0498, Tochigi, Japan; (S.T.); (T.I.); (D.S.); (Y.I.)
| | - Daigo Sawaki
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke 329-0498, Tochigi, Japan; (S.T.); (T.I.); (D.S.); (Y.I.)
| | - Yasushi Imai
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke 329-0498, Tochigi, Japan; (S.T.); (T.I.); (D.S.); (Y.I.)
| | - Ryozo Nagai
- Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke 329-0498, Tochigi, Japan;
| | - Kenichi Aizawa
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke 329-0498, Tochigi, Japan; (S.T.); (T.I.); (D.S.); (Y.I.)
- Clinical Pharmacology Center, Jichi Medical University Hospital, Shimotsuke 329-0498, Tochigi, Japan
- Division of Translational Research, Clinical Research Center, Jichi Medical University Hospital, Shimotsuke 329-0498, Tochigi, Japan
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10
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Nappi F, Alzamil A, Avtaar Singh SS, Spadaccio C, Bonnet N. Current Knowledge on the Interaction of Human Cytomegalovirus Infection, Encoded miRNAs, and Acute Aortic Syndrome. Viruses 2023; 15:2027. [PMID: 37896804 PMCID: PMC10611417 DOI: 10.3390/v15102027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aortic dissection is a clinicopathological entity caused by rupture of the intima, leading to a high mortality if not treated. Over time, diagnostic and investigative methods, antihypertensive therapy, and early referrals have resulted in improved outcomes according to registry data. Some data have also emerged from recent studies suggesting a link between Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection and aortic dissection. Furthermore, the use of microRNAs has also become increasingly widespread in the literature. These have been noted to play a role in aortic dissections with elevated levels noted in studies as early as 2017. This review aims to provide a broad and holistic overview of the role of miRNAs, while studying the role of HCMV infection in the context of aortic dissections. The roles of long non-coding RNAs, circular RNAs, and microRNAs are explored to identify changes in expression during aortic dissections. The use of such biomarkers may one day be translated into clinical practice to allow early detection and prognostication of outcomes and drive preventative and therapeutic options in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Nappi
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Centre Cardiologique du Nord, 93200 Saint-Denis, France; (A.A.); (N.B.)
| | - Almothana Alzamil
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Centre Cardiologique du Nord, 93200 Saint-Denis, France; (A.A.); (N.B.)
| | | | - Cristiano Spadaccio
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
| | - Nicolas Bonnet
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Centre Cardiologique du Nord, 93200 Saint-Denis, France; (A.A.); (N.B.)
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11
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Stougiannou TM, Christodoulou KC, Georgakarakos E, Mikroulis D, Karangelis D. Promising Novel Therapies in the Treatment of Aortic and Visceral Aneurysms. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5878. [PMID: 37762818 PMCID: PMC10531975 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12185878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aortic and visceral aneurysms affect large arterial vessels, including the thoracic and abdominal aorta, as well as visceral arterial branches, such as the splenic, hepatic, and mesenteric arteries, respectively. Although these clinical entities have not been equally researched, it seems that they might share certain common pathophysiological changes and molecular mechanisms. The yet limited published data, with regard to newly designed, novel therapies, could serve as a nidus for the evaluation and potential implementation of such treatments in large artery aneurysms. In both animal models and clinical trials, various novel treatments have been employed in an attempt to not only reduce the complications of the already implemented modalities, through manufacturing of more durable materials, but also to regenerate or replace affected tissues themselves. Cellular populations like stem and differentiated vascular cell types, large diameter tissue-engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs), and various molecules and biological factors that might target aspects of the pathophysiological process, including cell-adhesion stabilizers, metalloproteinase inhibitors, and miRNAs, could potentially contribute significantly to the treatment of these types of aneurysms. In this narrative review, we sought to collect and present relevant evidence in the literature, in an effort to unveil promising biological therapies, possibly applicable to the treatment of aortic aneurysms, both thoracic and abdominal, as well as visceral aneurysms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodora M. Stougiannou
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Dragana, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (K.C.C.); (E.G.); (D.M.); (D.K.)
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12
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Ito S, Amioka N, Franklin MK, Wang P, Liang CL, Katsumata Y, Cai L, Temel RE, Daugherty A, Lu HS, Sawada H. Association of NOTCH3 with Elastic Fiber Dispersion in the Infrarenal Abdominal Aorta of Cynomolgus Monkeys. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.04.530901. [PMID: 37767086 PMCID: PMC10522327 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.04.530901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Background The regional heterogeneity of vascular components and transcriptomes is an important determinant of aortic biology. This notion has been explored in multiple mouse studies. In the present study, we examined the regional heterogeneity of aortas in non-human primates. Methods Aortic samples were harvested from the ascending, descending, suprarenal, and infrarenal regions of young control monkeys and adult monkeys provided with high fructose for 3 years. The regional heterogeneity of aortic structure and transcriptomes was examined by histological and bulk RNA sequencing analyses. Results Immunostaining of CD31 and αSMA revealed that endothelial and smooth muscle cells were distributed homogeneously across the aortic regions. In contrast, elastic fibers were less abundant and dispersed in the infrarenal aorta compared to other regions and associated with collagen deposition. Bulk RNA sequencing identified a distinct transcriptome related to the Notch signaling pathway in the infrarenal aorta with significantly increased NOTCH3 mRNA compared to other regions. Immunostaining revealed that NOTCH3 protein was increased in the media of the infrarenal aorta. The abundance of medial NOTCH3 was positively correlated with the dispersion of elastic fibers. Adult cynomolgus monkeys provided with high fructose displayed vascular wall remodeling, such as smooth muscle cell loss and elastic fiber disruption, predominantly in the infrarenal region. The correlation between NOTCH3 and elastic fiber dispersion was enhanced in these monkeys. Conclusions Aortas of young cynomolgus monkeys display regional heterogeneity of their transcriptome and the structure of elastin and collagens. Elastic fibers in the infrarenal aorta are dispersed along with upregulation of medial NOTCH3. HIGHLIGHTS - The present study determined the regional heterogeneity of aortas from cynomolgus monkeys.- Aortas of young cynomolgus monkeys displayed region-specific aortic structure and transcriptomes.- Elastic fibers were dispersed in the infrarenal aorta along with increased NOTCH3 abundance in the media. GRAPHIC ABSTRACT
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13
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Rega S, Farina F, Bouhuis S, de Donato S, Chiesa M, Poggio P, Cavallotti L, Bonalumi G, Giambuzzi I, Pompilio G, Perrucci GL. Multi-omics in thoracic aortic aneurysm: the complex road to the simplification. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:131. [PMID: 37475058 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01080-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) is a serious condition that affects the aorta, characterized by the dilation of its first segment. The causes of TAA (e.g., age, hypertension, genetic syndromes) are heterogeneous and contribute to the weakening of the aortic wall. This complexity makes treating this life-threatening aortopathy challenging, as there are currently no etiological therapy available, and pharmacological strategies, aimed at avoiding surgical aortic replacement, are merely palliative. Recent studies on novel therapies for TAA have focused on identifying biological targets and etiological mechanisms of the disease by using advanced -omics techniques, including epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics approaches. METHODS This review presents the latest findings from -omics approaches and underscores the importance of integrating multi-omics data to gain more comprehensive understanding of TAA. RESULTS Literature suggests that the alterations in TAA mediators frequently involve members of pro-fibrotic process (i.e., TGF-β signaling pathways) or proteins associated with cell/extracellular structures (e.g., aggrecans). Further analyses often reported the importance in TAA of processes as inflammation (PCR, CD3, leukotriene compounds), oxidative stress (chromatin OXPHOS, fatty acids), mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis (e.g., PPARs and HIF1a). Of note, more recent metabolomics studies added novel molecular markers to the list of TAA-specific detrimental mediators (proteoglycans). CONCLUSION It is increasingly clear that integrating data from different -omics branches, along with clinical data, is essential as well as complicated both to reveal hidden relevant information and to address complex diseases such as TAA. Importantly, recent progresses in metabolomics highlighted novel potential and unprecedented marks in TAA diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Rega
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Unit for the Study of Aortic, Valvular and Coronary Pathologies, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Floriana Farina
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximillians-Universität (LMU) München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Silvia Bouhuis
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia de Donato
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Mattia Chiesa
- Bioinformatics and Artificial Intelligence Facility, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Electronics, Information and Biomedical Engineering, Politecnico Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Poggio
- Unit for the Study of Aortic, Valvular and Coronary Pathologies, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Cavallotti
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgia Bonalumi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Giambuzzi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Pompilio
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca L Perrucci
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
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14
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Daskalopoulou A, Giotaki SG, Toli K, Minia A, Pliaka V, Alexopoulos LG, Deftereos G, Iliodromitis K, Dimitroulis D, Siasos G, Verikokos C, Iliopoulos D. Targeted Proteomic Analysis of Patients with Ascending Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051273. [PMID: 37238945 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a need for clinical markers to aid in the detection of individuals at risk of harboring an ascending thoracic aneurysm (ATAA) or developing one in the future. OBJECTIVES To our knowledge, ATAA remains without a specific biomarker. This study aims to identify potential biomarkers for ATAA using targeted proteomic analysis. METHODS In this study, 52 patients were divided into three groups depending on their ascending aorta diameter: 4.0-4.5 cm (N = 23), 4.6-5.0 cm (N = 20), and >5.0 cm (N = 9). A total of 30 controls were in-house populations ethnically matched to cases without known or visible ATAA-related symptoms and with no ATAA familial history. Before the debut of our study, all patients provided medical history and underwent physical examination. Diagnosis was confirmed by echocardiography and angio-computed tomography (CT) scans. Targeted-proteomic analysis was conducted to identify possible biomarkers for the diagnosis of ATAA. RESULTS A Kruskal-Wallis test revealed that C-C motif chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5), defensin beta 1 (HBD1), intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM1), interleukin-8 (IL8), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGFB1) expressions are significantly increased in ATAA patients in comparison to control subjects with physiological aorta diameter (p < 0.0001). The receiver-operating characteristic analysis showed that the area under the curve values for CCL5 (0.84), HBD1 (0.83) and ICAM1 (0.83) were superior to that of the other analyzed proteins. CONCLUSIONS CCL5, HBD1 and ICAM1 are very promising biomarkers with satisfying sensitivity and specificity that could be helpful in stratifying risk for the development of ATAA. These biomarkers may assist in the diagnosis and follow-up of patients at risk of developing ATAA. This retrospective study is very encouraging; however, further in-depth studies may be worthwhile to investigate the role of these biomarkers in the pathogenesis of ATAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aphrodite Daskalopoulou
- Laboratory for Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research "N.S. Christeas", Athens Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Sotiria G Giotaki
- Second Department of Cardiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantina Toli
- Cardiology Department, General Hospital of Chalkida, 341 00 Chalkida, Greece
| | - Angeliki Minia
- Protatonce Ltd., Demokritos Science Park, 153 43 Athens, Greece
| | - Vaia Pliaka
- Protatonce Ltd., Demokritos Science Park, 153 43 Athens, Greece
| | - Leonidas G Alexopoulos
- Protatonce Ltd., Demokritos Science Park, 153 43 Athens, Greece
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 106 82 Athens, Greece
| | - Gerasimos Deftereos
- Department of Cardiology, G. Gennimatas, General Hospital of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Dimitrios Dimitroulis
- Second Department of Propedeutic Surgery, Laiko General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Gerasimos Siasos
- Third Department of Cardiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Verikokos
- Second Department of Propedeutic Surgery, Laiko General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Iliopoulos
- Laboratory for Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research "N.S. Christeas", Athens Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece
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15
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Buki G, Szalai R, Pinter A, Hadzsiev K, Melegh B, Rauch T, Bene J. Correlation between large FBN1 deletions and severe cardiovascular phenotype in Marfan syndrome: Analysis of two novel cases and analytical review of the literature. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2023:e2166. [PMID: 36945115 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.2166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Marfan syndrome (MFS) is a clinically heterogeneous hereditary connective tissue disorder. Severe cardiovascular manifestations (i.e., aortic aneurysm and dissection) are the most life-threatening complications. Most of the cases are caused by mutations, a minor group of which are copy number variations (CNV), in the FBN1 gene. METHODS Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification test was performed to detect CNVs in 41 MFS patients not carrying disease-causing mutations in FBN1 gene. Moreover, the association was analyzed between the localization of CNVs, the affected regulatory elements and the cardiovascular phenotypes among all cases known from the literature. RESULTS A large two-exon deletion (exon 46 and 47) was identified in two related patients, which was associated with a mild form of cardiovascular phenotype. Severe cardiovascular symptoms were found significantly more frequent in patients with FBN1 large deletion compared to our patients with intragenic small scale FBN1 mutation. Bioinformatic data analyses of regulatory elements located within the FBN1 gene revealed an association between the deletion of STAT3 transcription factor-binding site and cardiovascular symptoms in five out of 25 patients. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that large CNVs are often associated with severe cardiovascular manifestations in MFS and the localization of these CNVs affect the phenotype severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergely Buki
- Department of Medical Genetics, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Renata Szalai
- Department of Medical Genetics, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Adrienn Pinter
- Department of Medical Genetics, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Kinga Hadzsiev
- Department of Medical Genetics, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Bela Melegh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Tibor Rauch
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Judit Bene
- Department of Medical Genetics, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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16
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Bergeron A, Hertig V, Villeneuve L, Sirois MG, Demers P, El-Hamamsy I, Calderone A. Structural dysregulation of the pulmonary autograft was associated with a greater density of p16 INK4A-vascular smooth muscle cells. Cardiovasc Pathol 2023; 63:107512. [PMID: 36529416 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2022.107512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study tested the hypothesis that a senescent phenotype of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) may represent the seminal event linked to maladaptive pulmonary autograft remodeling of a small number of patients that underwent the Ross procedure. The diameter of the pulmonary autograft (47±4 mm) of three male patients was significantly greater compared to the pulmonary artery (26±1 mm) excised from bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) patients. The pulmonary autograft was associated with a neointimal region and the adjacent medial region was significantly thinner compared to the pulmonary artery of BAV patients. Structural dysregulation was evident as elastin content of the medial region was significantly reduced in the pulmonary autograft compared to the pulmonary artery of BAV patients. By contrast, collagen content of the medial region of the pulmonary autograft and the pulmonary artery of BAV patients was not significantly different. Reduced medial elastin content of the pulmonary autograft was associated with increased protein levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9. The latter phenotype was not attributed to a robust inflammatory response as the percentage of Mac-2(+)-infiltrating monocytes/macrophages was similar between groups. A senescent phenotype was identified as protein levels of the cell cycle inhibitor p27kip1 were upregulated and the density of p16INK4A/non-muscle myosin IIB(+)-VSMCs was significantly greater in the pulmonary autograft compared to the pulmonary artery of BAV patients. Thus, senescent VSMCs may represent the predominant cellular source of increased matrix metalloproteinase-9 protein expression translating to maladaptive pulmonary autograft remodeling characterized by elastin degradation, medial thinning and neointimal formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Bergeron
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vanessa Hertig
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Louis Villeneuve
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Martin G Sirois
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Université de Montréal, Quebec, Montreal, Canada
| | - Philippe Demers
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Cardiac Surgery, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec Canada
| | - Ismail El-Hamamsy
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Angelino Calderone
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Université de Montréal, Quebec, Montreal, Canada.
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17
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Grewal N, Dolmaci O, Jansen E, Klautz R, Driessen A, Poelmann RE. Thoracic aortopathy in Marfan syndrome overlaps with mechanisms seen in bicuspid aortic valve disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1018167. [PMID: 36844720 PMCID: PMC9949376 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1018167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Thoracic aortopathy is a serious complication which is more often seen in patients with Marfan syndrome (MFS) and patients with a bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) than in individuals with a tricuspid aortic valve (TAV). The identification of common pathological mechanisms leading to aortic complications in non-syndromic and syndromic diseases would significantly improve the field of personalized medicine. Objective This study sought to compare thoracic aortopathy between MFS, BAV, and TAV individuals. Materials and methods Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV; n = 36), TAV (n = 23), and MFS (n = 8) patients were included. Ascending aortic wall specimen were studied for general histologic features, apoptosis, markers of cardiovascular ageing, expression of synthetic and contractile vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), and fibrillin-1 expression. Results The MFS group showed many similarities with the dilated BAV. Both patient groups showed a thinner intima (p < 0.0005), a lower expression of contractile VSMCs (p < 0.05), more elastic fiber thinning (p < 0.001), lack of inflammation (p < 0.001), and a decreased progerin expression (p < 0.05) as compared to the TAV. Other features of cardiovascular ageing differed between the BAV and MFS. Dilated BAV patients demonstrated less medial degeneration (p < 0.0001), VSMC nuclei loss (p < 0.0001), apoptosis of the vessel wall (p < 0.03), and elastic fiber fragmentation and disorganization (p < 0.001), as compared to the MFS and dilated TAV. Conclusion This study showed important similarities in the pathogenesis of thoracic aortic aneurysms in BAV and MFS. These common mechanisms can be further investigated to personalize treatment strategies in non-syndromic and syndromic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimrat Grewal
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands,Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands,*Correspondence: Nimrat Grewal,
| | - Onur Dolmaci
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Evert Jansen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Robert Klautz
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Antoine Driessen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Robert E. Poelmann
- Institute of Biology, Animal Sciences and Health, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands,Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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18
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Liang Q, Zhou Z, Li H, Tao Q, Wang Y, Lin A, Xu J, Zhang B, Wu Y, Min H, Wang L, Song S, Wang D, Gao Q. Identification of pathological-related and diagnostic potential circular RNAs in Stanford type A aortic dissection. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 9:1074835. [PMID: 36712253 PMCID: PMC9880160 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1074835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Stanford type A aortic dissection (TAAD) is one of the lethal macrovascular diseases caused by the invasion of blood into the media layer of ascending aortic wall. Inflammation, smooth muscle dysfunction, and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation were regarded as the major pathology in affected tissue. However, the expression pattern and its regulation especially through circular RNAs (circRNAs) as an overall characteristic of TAAD molecular pathology remain unclear. Methods We employed CIRCexplorer2 to identify circRNAs based on the RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data of human ascending aortic tissues to systematically assess the role of circRNA in the massive alterations of gene expression in TAAD aortas. The key circRNAs were determined by LASSO model and functionally annotated by competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNA) network and co-analysis with mRNA profile. The expression level and diagnostic capability of the 4 key circRNAs in peripheral serum were confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results The 4 key circRNAs, namely circPTGR1 (chr9:114341075-114348445[-]), circNOX4 (chr11:89069012-89106660[-]), circAMN1 (chr12:31854796-31862359[-]) and circUSP3 (chr15:63845913-63855207[+]), demonstrated a high power to discriminate between TAAD and control tissues, suggesting that these molecules stand for a major difference between the tissues at gene regulation level. Functionally, the ceRNA network of circRNA-miRNA-mRNA predicted by the online databases, combining gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and cell component prediction, revealed that the identified circRNAs covered all the aspects of primary TAAD pathology, centralized with increasing inflammatory factors and cells, and ECM destruction and loss of vascular inherent cells along with the circRNAs. Importantly, we validated the high concentration and diagnostic capability of the 4 key circRNAs in the peripheral serum in TAAD patients. Discussion This study reinforces the vital status of circRNAs in TAAD and the possibility of serving as promising diagnostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Liang
- Center for Translational Medicine and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zeyi Zhou
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute of Cardiothoracic Vascular Disease, Nanjing University, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Li
- Center for Translational Medicine and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qing Tao
- Center for Translational Medicine and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yali Wang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute of Cardiothoracic Vascular Disease, Nanjing University, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Anqi Lin
- Center for Translational Medicine and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Center for Translational Medicine and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Center for Translational Medicine and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China,Central Laboratory, Nanjing Chest Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongzheng Wu
- Center for Translational Medicine and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haiyan Min
- Central Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangsu Provincial Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shiyu Song
- Center for Translational Medicine and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dongjin Wang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute of Cardiothoracic Vascular Disease, Nanjing University, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China,*Correspondence: Qian Gao ✉
| | - Qian Gao
- Center for Translational Medicine and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China,Dongjin Wang ✉
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19
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Bararu Bojan (Bararu) I, Pleșoianu CE, Badulescu OV, Vladeanu MC, Badescu MC, Iliescu D, Bojan A, Ciocoiu M. Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms Involved in Aortic Wall Aneurysm Development. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13020253. [PMID: 36673063 PMCID: PMC9858209 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13020253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Aortic aneurysms represent a very common pathology that can affect any segment of the aorta. These types of aneurysms can be localized on the thoracic segment or on the abdominal portion, with the latter being more frequent. Though there are similarities between thoracic and abdominal aortic aneurysms, these pathologies are distinct entities. In this article, we undertook a review regarding the different mechanisms that can lead to the development of aortic aneurysm, and we tried to identify the different manners of treatment. For a long time, aortic wall aneurysms may evolve in an asymptomatic manner, but this progressive dilatation of the aneurysm can lead to a potentially fatal complication consisting in aortic rupture. Because there are limited therapies that may delay or prevent the development of acute aortic syndromes, surgical management remains the most common manner of treatment. Even though, surgical management has improved much in the last years, thus becoming less invasive and sophisticated, the morbi-mortality linked to these therapies remains increased. The identification of the cellular and molecular networks triggering the formation of aneurysm would permit the discovery of modern therapeutic targets. Molecular and cellular mechanisms are gaining a bigger importance in the complex pathogenesis of aortic aneurysms. Future studies must be developed to compare the findings seen in human tissue and animal models of aortic aneurysm, so that clinically relevant conclusions about the aortic aneurysm formation and the pharmacological possibility of pathogenic pathways blockage can be drawn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Bararu Bojan (Bararu)
- Department of Pathophysiology, Morpho-Functional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, ‘Grigore T. Popa’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Unirii Street, 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Carmen Elena Pleșoianu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, ‘Grigore T. Popa’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
- Department of Clinical Cardiology, ‘Prof. Dr. George I.M. Georgescu’ Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, 700503 Iași, Romania
- Correspondence: (C.E.P.); (O.V.B.); (M.C.V.)
| | - Oana Viola Badulescu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Morpho-Functional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, ‘Grigore T. Popa’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Unirii Street, 700115 Iași, Romania
- Correspondence: (C.E.P.); (O.V.B.); (M.C.V.)
| | - Maria Cristina Vladeanu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Morpho-Functional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, ‘Grigore T. Popa’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Unirii Street, 700115 Iași, Romania
- Correspondence: (C.E.P.); (O.V.B.); (M.C.V.)
| | - Minerva Codruta Badescu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, ‘Grigore T. Popa’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Dan Iliescu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, ‘Grigore T. Popa’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Andrei Bojan
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, ‘Grigore T. Popa’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Manuela Ciocoiu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Morpho-Functional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, ‘Grigore T. Popa’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Unirii Street, 700115 Iași, Romania
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20
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Chou EL, Chaffin M, Simonson B, Pirruccello JP, Akkad AD, Nekoui M, Cardenas CLL, Bedi KC, Nash C, Juric D, Stone JR, Isselbacher EM, Margulies KB, Klattenhoff C, Ellinor PT, Lindsay ME. Aortic Cellular Diversity and Quantitative Genome-Wide Association Study Trait Prioritization Through Single-Nuclear RNA Sequencing of the Aneurysmal Human Aorta. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2022; 42:1355-1374. [PMID: 36172868 PMCID: PMC9613617 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.122.317953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mural cells in ascending aortic aneurysms undergo phenotypic changes that promote extracellular matrix destruction and structural weakening. To explore this biology, we analyzed the transcriptional features of thoracic aortic tissue. METHODS Single-nuclear RNA sequencing was performed on 13 samples from human donors, 6 with thoracic aortic aneurysm, and 7 without aneurysm. Individual transcriptomes were then clustered based on transcriptional profiles. Clusters were used for between-disease differential gene expression analyses, subcluster analysis, and analyzed for intersection with genetic aortic trait data. RESULTS We sequenced 71 689 nuclei from human thoracic aortas and identified 14 clusters, aligning with 11 cell types, predominantly vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) consistent with aortic histology. With unbiased methodology, we found 7 vascular smooth muscle cell and 6 fibroblast subclusters. Differentially expressed genes analysis revealed a vascular smooth muscle cell group accounting for the majority of differential gene expression. Fibroblast populations in aneurysm exhibit distinct behavior with almost complete disappearance of quiescent fibroblasts. Differentially expressed genes were used to prioritize genes at aortic diameter and distensibility genome-wide association study loci highlighting the genes JUN, LTBP4 (latent transforming growth factor beta-binding protein 1), and IL34 (interleukin 34) in fibroblasts, ENTPD1, PDLIM5 (PDZ and LIM domain 5), ACTN4 (alpha-actinin-4), and GLRX in vascular smooth muscle cells, as well as LRP1 in macrophage populations. CONCLUSIONS Using nuclear RNA sequencing, we describe the cellular diversity of healthy and aneurysmal human ascending aorta. Sporadic aortic aneurysm is characterized by differential gene expression within known cellular classes rather than by the appearance of novel cellular forms. Single-nuclear RNA sequencing of aortic tissue can be used to prioritize genes at aortic trait loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth L. Chou
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery,
Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General
Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute,
Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mark Chaffin
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute,
Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Precision Cardiology Laboratory, The Broad Institute,
Cambridge, MA, USA 02142
| | - Bridget Simonson
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute,
Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Precision Cardiology Laboratory, The Broad Institute,
Cambridge, MA, USA 02142
| | - James P. Pirruccello
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital,
Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General
Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute,
Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Precision Cardiology Laboratory, The Broad Institute,
Cambridge, MA, USA 02142
- Demoulas Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias, Massachusetts
General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amer-Denis Akkad
- Precision Cardiology Laboratory, Bayer US LLC, Cambridge,
MA, USA 02142
| | - Mahan Nekoui
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute,
Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Demoulas Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias, Massachusetts
General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christian Lacks Lino Cardenas
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital,
Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General
Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kenneth C. Bedi
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania,
Philadelphia, PA, USA 19104
| | - Craig Nash
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute,
Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Precision Cardiology Laboratory, The Broad Institute,
Cambridge, MA, USA 02142
| | - Dejan Juric
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston,
Massachusetts, USA
| | - James R. Stone
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General
Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eric M. Isselbacher
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital,
Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General
Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Thoracic Aortic Center, Massachusetts General Hospital,
Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kenneth B. Margulies
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania,
Philadelphia, PA, USA 19104
| | - Carla Klattenhoff
- Precision Cardiology Laboratory, Bayer US LLC, Cambridge,
MA, USA 02142
| | - Patrick T. Ellinor
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital,
Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General
Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute,
Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Precision Cardiology Laboratory, The Broad Institute,
Cambridge, MA, USA 02142
- Demoulas Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias, Massachusetts
General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mark E. Lindsay
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital,
Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General
Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute,
Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Thoracic Aortic Center, Massachusetts General Hospital,
Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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21
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Sawada H, Ohno-Urabe S, Ye D, Franklin MK, Moorleghen JJ, Howatt DA, Mullick AE, Daugherty A, Lu HS. Inhibition of the Renin-Angiotensin System Fails to Suppress β-Aminopropionitrile-Induced Thoracic Aortopathy in Mice-Brief Report. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2022; 42:1254-1261. [PMID: 36004642 PMCID: PMC9492637 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.122.317712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cross-linking of lysine residues in elastic and collagen fibers is a vital process in aortic development. Inhibition of lysyl oxidase by BAPN (β-aminopropionitrile) leads to thoracic aortopathies in mice. Although the renin-angiotensin system contributes to several types of thoracic aortopathies, it remains unclear whether inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system protects against aortopathy caused by the impairment of elastic fiber/collagen crosslinking. METHODS BAPN (0.5% wt/vol) was started in drinking water to induce aortopathies in male C57BL/6J mice at 4 weeks of age for 4 weeks. Five approaches were used to investigate the impact of the renin-angiotensin system. Bulk RNA sequencing was performed to explore potential molecular mechanisms of BAPN-induced thoracic aortopathies. RESULTS Losartan increased plasma renin concentrations significantly, compared with vehicle-infused mice, indicating effective angiotensin II type 1 receptor inhibition. However, losartan did not suppress BAPN-induced aortic rupture and dilatation. Since losartan is a surmountable inhibitor of the renin-angiotensin system, irbesartan, an insurmountable inhibitor, was also tested. Although increased plasma renin concentrations indicated effective inhibition, irbesartan did not ameliorate aortic rupture and dilatation in BAPN-administered mice. Thus, BAPN-induced thoracic aortopathies were refractory to angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockade. Next, we inhibited angiotensin II production by pharmacological or genetic depletion of AGT (angiotensinogen), the unique precursor of angiotensin II. However, neither suppressed BAPN-induced thoracic aortic rupture and dilatation. Aortic RNA sequencing revealed molecular changes during BAPN administration that were distinct from other types of aortopathies in which angiotensin II type 1 receptor inhibition protects against aneurysm formation. CONCLUSIONS Inhibition of either angiotensin II action or production of the renin-angiotensin system does not attenuate BAPN-induced thoracic aortopathies in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Sawada
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
- Saha Aortic Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Satoko Ohno-Urabe
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Dien Ye
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Michael K. Franklin
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
- Saha Aortic Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Jessica J. Moorleghen
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
- Saha Aortic Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Deborah A. Howatt
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
- Saha Aortic Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | | | - Alan Daugherty
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
- Saha Aortic Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Hong S. Lu
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
- Saha Aortic Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
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22
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Expression of TLR4 Is Upregulated in Patients with Sporadic Acute Stanford Type A Aortic Dissection. Cardiol Res Pract 2022; 2022:3806462. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/3806462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sporadic acute Stanford type A aortic dissection (TAAD) is a serious condition that requires urgent treatment to avoid catastrophic consequences. The purpose of the present study was to explore, firstly, whether TLR4-regulated immune signalling molecules were activated in TAAD patients and, secondly, whether TLR4-regulated inflammatory products interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and CC chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5) could be a promising biomarker for diagnosis in patients with TAAD. Full-thickness ascending aortic wall specimens from TAAD patients (n = 12) and control donors (n = 12) were examined for the expression of TLR4 and its major signalling molecules, in terms of immunity and inflammation. Blood samples from TAAD (n = 49) and control patients (n = 53) were collected to detect the circulating plasma cytokine levels of IL-1β and CCL5. We demonstrated that expression levels of TLR4 and its downstream signalling cascade molecules were significantly elevated. Furthermore, receiver operating characteristic curve analyses showed that elevated IL-1β levels and decreased plasma CCL5 may have diagnostic value for TAAD. In summary, this current study suggests a more generalized pattern of inflammation in TAAD. In addition, TLR4-mediated inflammatory product, such as IL-1β and CCL5, could be novel and promising biomarkers with important diagnostic and predictive value in the identification of sporadic TAAD diseases.
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23
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Ito S, Lu HS, Daugherty A, Sawada H. Embryonic Heterogeneity of Smooth Muscle Cells in the Complex Mechanisms of Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13091618. [PMID: 36140786 PMCID: PMC9498804 DOI: 10.3390/genes13091618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) are the major cell type of the aortic wall and play a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAAs). TAAs occur in a region-specific manner with the proximal region being a common location. In this region, SMCs are derived embryonically from either the cardiac neural crest or the second heart field. These cells of distinct origins reside in specific locations and exhibit different biological behaviors in the complex mechanism of TAAs. The purpose of this review is to enhance understanding of the embryonic heterogeneity of SMCs in the proximal thoracic aorta and their functions in TAAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohei Ito
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Saha Aortic Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Hong S. Lu
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Saha Aortic Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Alan Daugherty
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Saha Aortic Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Hisashi Sawada
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Saha Aortic Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(859)-218-1705
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24
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Fibrillin-1 Gene Polymorphisms (rs145233125, rs11070646, rs201170905) Are Associated With the Susceptibility and Clinical Prognosis of DeBakey Type III Aortic Dissection in Chinese Han Population. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2022; 80:118-124. [PMID: 35500095 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT We aim to investigate whether genetic variants of the Fibrillin-1 (FBN1) gene were associated with DeBakey type III aortic dissection (AD) and its clinical prognosis in Chinese Han population. Three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs145233125, rs11070646, rs201170905) in FBN1 were analyzed in patients with DeBakey type III AD (159) and healthy subjects (216). Gene-environment interactions were evaluated to use generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction. Haplotype analysis of the 3 SNPs in the FBN1 gene was performed by Haploview software. Patients were followed up for average 4 years. G carriers of rs11070646 and rs201170905 in FBN1 have an increased risk of DeBakey type III AD. The interaction of FBN1 and environmental factors facilitated to the increased risk of DeBakey type III AD (cross-validation consistency = 10/10, P = 0.001). One of the most common haplotypes revealed an increased risk of DeBakey type III AD (CGG, P = 0.009). Recessive models of rs145233125 CC genotype ( P < 0.05) and rs201170905 GG genotype ( P < 0.001) were associated with an increased risk of death and recurrent chest pain of DeBakey type III AD. In conclusions, FBN1 gene polymorphisms contribute to DeBakey type III AD susceptibility. The interactions of gene and environment are related with the risk of DeBakey type III AD. C carriers of rs145233125 and G carriers of rs201170905 may be the adverse prognostic indicators of death and recurrent chest pain in DeBakey type III AD.
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25
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Congenital Heart Disease: The State-of-the-Art on Its Pharmacological Therapeutics. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2022; 9:jcdd9070201. [PMID: 35877563 PMCID: PMC9316572 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9070201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart disease is one of the most common causes of death derived from malformations. Historically, its treatment has depended on timely diagnosis and early pharmacological and surgical interventions. Survival rates for patients with this disease have increased, primarily due to advancements in therapeutic choices, but mortality remains high. Since this disease is a time-sensitive pathology, pharmacological interventions are needed to improve clinical outcomes. Therefore, we analyzed the applications, dosage, and side effects of drugs currently used for treating congenital heart disease. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, beta-blockers, and potassium-sparing diuretics have shown a mortality benefit in most patients. Other therapies, such as endothelin receptor antagonists, phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors, prostaglandins, and soluble guanylyl cyclase stimulators, have benefited patients with pulmonary artery hypertension. Likewise, the adjunctive symptomatic treatment of these patients has further improved the outcomes, since antiarrhythmics, digoxin, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have shown their benefits in these cases. Conclusively, these drugs also carry the risk of troublesome adverse effects, such as electrolyte imbalances and hemodynamic compromise. However, their benefits for survival, symptom improvement, and stabilization outweigh the possible complications from their use. Thus, cases must be assessed individually to accurately identify interventions that would be most beneficial for patients.
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26
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Bergeron A, Hertig V, Villeneuve L, Chauvette V, El‐Hamamsy I, Calderone A. The ascending aorta of male hypertensive bicuspid aortic valve patients preferentially associated with a cellular aneurysmal phenotype. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15251. [PMID: 35439345 PMCID: PMC9017972 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Male sex and hypertension represent risk factors in the progression of an aortic aneurysm. The present study examined the morphological/cellular phenotype of the ascending aorta (AA) of male and female patients diagnosed with a bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) to test the hypothesis that hypertension-induced remodeling of male BAV patients preferentially recapitulated the expression of a panel of proteins favoring aneurysm formation. The diameter of the AA of hypertensive male (35 ± 6 mm) and female (39 ± 5 mm) BAV patients was comparable to normotensive patients reflecting an early phase of vessel expansion. Morphological/structural remodeling of the medial region of the AA of male normotensive and hypertensive BAV patients were comparable. Protein levels of non-muscle myosin IIB, the cell cycle inhibitor p27kip1, tumor suppressor p53 and matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 were significantly upregulated in the AA of male hypertensive BAV patients. In female hypertensive BAV patients, collagen content was significantly increased whereas elastin content and medial width of the AA were similar to normotensive BAV patients. In the AA of female hypertensive BAV patients, matrix metalloproteinase-9 and p27kip1 protein levels were unchanged whereas p53 and matrix metalloproteinase-2 protein expression was significantly reduced. Nestin protein levels were diminished in the AA of male and female hypertensive BAV patients. Thus, sexual dimorphic remodeling of the AA was prevalent in hypertensive BAV patients. Moreover, during the early phase of vessel expansion, the AA of male hypertensive BAV patients was preferentially associated with the upregulation of a panel of proteins linked to progressive dilatation and potential aneurysm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Bergeron
- Research CenterMontreal Heart Institute and Université de MontréalMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Vanessa Hertig
- Research CenterMontreal Heart Institute and Université de MontréalMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Louis Villeneuve
- Research CenterMontreal Heart Institute and Université de MontréalMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Vincent Chauvette
- Research CenterMontreal Heart Institute and Université de MontréalMontrealQuebecCanada
- Department of Cardiac SurgeryUniversité de MontréalMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Ismail El‐Hamamsy
- Department of Cardiovascular SurgeryIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiMount Sinai HospitalNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Angelino Calderone
- Research CenterMontreal Heart Institute and Université de MontréalMontrealQuebecCanada
- Department of Pharmacology & PhysiologyUniversité de MontréalQuebecMontrealCanada
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27
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Sun L, Chang Y, Jiang P, Ma Y, Yuan Q, Ma X. Association of gene polymorphisms in FBN1 and TGF-β signaling with the susceptibility and prognostic outcomes of Stanford type B aortic dissection. BMC Med Genomics 2022; 15:65. [PMID: 35307021 PMCID: PMC8935688 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-022-01213-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study is aimed at investigating the association of Fibrillin-1 (FBN1) and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling-related gene polymorphisms with the susceptibility of Stanford type B aortic dissection (AD) and its clinical prognostic outcomes. Methods Five single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) (FBN1rs 145233125, rs201170905, rs11070646, TGFB1rs1800469, and TGFB2rs900) were analyzed in patients with Stanford type B AD (164) and healthy controls (317). Gene–gene and gene–environment interactions were assessed by generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction. A 4-year follow-up was performed for all AD patients. Results G carriers of FBN1 rs201170905 and TGFB1 rs1800469 have an increased risk of Stanford type B AD. The interaction of FBN1, TGFB1, TGFB2 and environmental promoted to the increased risk of type B AD (cross-validation consistency = 10/10, P = 0.001). Dominant models of FBN1rs145233125 TC + CC genotype (P = 0.028), FBN1 rs201170905 AG + GG (P = 0.047) and TGFB1 rs1800469 AG + GG (P = 0.052) were associated with an increased risk of death of Stanford type B AD. The recessive model of FBN1 rs145233125 CC genotype (P < 0.001), FBN1rs201170905 GG (P < 0.001), TGFB1 rs1800469 AG + GG genotype (P = 0.011) was associated with an increased risk of recurrence of chest pain in Stanford type B AD. Conclusions The interactions of gene–gene and gene–environment are related with the risk of Stanford type B AD. C carriers of rs145233125, G carriers of rs201170905 and G carriers of rs1800469 may be the poor clinical outcome indicators of mortality and recurrent chest pain in Stanford type B AD. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12920-022-01213-z.
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28
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Sawada H, Katsumata Y, Higashi H, Zhang C, Li Y, Morgan S, Lee LH, Singh SA, Chen JZ, Franklin MK, Moorleghen JJ, Howatt DA, Rateri DL, Shen YH, LeMaire SA, Aikawa M, Majesky MW, Lu HS, Daugherty A. Second Heart Field-derived Cells Contribute to Angiotensin II-mediated Ascending Aortopathies. Circulation 2022; 145:987-1001. [PMID: 35143327 PMCID: PMC9008740 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.121.058173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: The ascending aorta is a common location for aneurysm and dissection. This aortic region is populated by a mosaic of medial and adventitial cells that are embryonically derived from either the second heart field (SHF) or the cardiac neural crest. SHF-derived cells populate areas that coincide with the spatial specificity of thoracic aortopathies. The purpose of this study was to determine whether and how SHF-derived cells contribute to ascending aortopathies. Methods: Ascending aortic pathologies were examined in patients with sporadic thoracic aortopathies and angiotensin II (AngII)-infused mice. Ascending aortas without overt pathology from AngII-infused mice were subjected to mass spectrometry assisted proteomics, and molecular features of SHF-derived cells were determined by single cell transcriptomic analyses. Genetic deletion of either low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (Lrp1) or transforming growth factor-β receptor 2 (Tgfbr2) in SHF-derived cells was conducted to examine the impact of SHF-derived cells on vascular integrity. Results: Pathologies in human ascending aortic aneurysmal tissues were predominant in outer medial layers and adventitia. This gradient was mimicked in mouse aortas following AngII infusion that was coincident with the distribution of SHF-derived cells. Proteomics indicated that brief AngII infusion, prior to overt pathology, evoked downregulation of SMC proteins and differential expression of extracellular matrix proteins, including several LRP1 ligands. LRP1 deletion in SHF-derived cells augmented AngII-induced ascending aortic aneurysm and rupture. Single cell transcriptomic analysis revealed that brief AngII infusion decreased Lrp1 and Tgfbr2 mRNA abundance in SHF-derived cells and induced a unique fibroblast population with low abundance of Tgfbr2 mRNA. SHF-specific Tgfbr2 deletion led to embryonic lethality at E12.5 with dilatation of the outflow tract and retroperitoneal hemorrhage. Integration of proteomic and single cell transcriptomics results identified plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI1) as the most increased protein in SHF-derived SMCs and fibroblasts during AngII infusion. Immunostaining revealed a transmural gradient of PAI1 in both ascending aortas of AngII-infused mice and human ascending aneurysmal aortas that mimicked the gradient of medial and adventitial pathologies. Conclusions: SHF-derived cells exert a critical role in maintaining vascular integrity through LRP1 and TGF-β signaling associated with increases of aortic PAI1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Sawada
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY; Saha Aortic Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY; Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Yuriko Katsumata
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY; Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Hideyuki Higashi
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Chen Zhang
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX
| | - Yanming Li
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX
| | - Stephanie Morgan
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Lang H Lee
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Sasha A Singh
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jeff Z Chen
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY; Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Michael K Franklin
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Jessica J Moorleghen
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Deborah A Howatt
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Debra L Rateri
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Ying H Shen
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX
| | - Scott A LeMaire
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX
| | - Masanori Aikawa
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Mark W Majesky
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | - Hong S Lu
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY; Saha Aortic Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY; Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Alan Daugherty
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY; Saha Aortic Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY; Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
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Sawada H, Beckner ZA, Ito S, Daugherty A, Lu HS. β-Aminopropionitrile-induced aortic aneurysm and dissection in mice. JVS Vasc Sci 2022; 3:64-72. [PMID: 35141570 PMCID: PMC8814647 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvssci.2021.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanistic basis for the formation of aortic aneurysms and dissection needs to be elucidated to facilitate the development of effective medications. β-Aminopropionitrile administration in mice has been used frequently to study the pathologic features and mechanisms of aortic aneurysm and dissection. This mouse model mimics several facets of the pathology of human aortic aneurysms and dissection, although many variables exist in the experimental design and protocols that must be resolved to determine its application to the human disease. In the present brief review, we have introduced the development of this mouse model and provided insights into understanding its pathologic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Sawada
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Ky
- Saha Aortic Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Ky
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Ky
| | - Zachary A. Beckner
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Ky
- Saha Aortic Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Ky
| | - Sohei Ito
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Ky
- Saha Aortic Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Ky
| | - Alan Daugherty
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Ky
- Saha Aortic Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Ky
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Ky
| | - Hong S. Lu
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Ky
- Saha Aortic Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Ky
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Ky
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30
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Rolf-Pissarczyk M, Wollner MP, Pacheco DRQ, Holzapfel GA. Efficient computational modelling of smooth muscle orientation and function in the aorta. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2021.0592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the mechanical effects of smooth muscle cell (SMC) contraction on the initiation and the propagation of cardiovascular diseases such as aortic dissection is critical. Framed by elastic lamellar sheets in the lamellar unit, there are SMCs in the media with a distinct radial tilt, which indicates their contribution to the radial strength. However, the mechanical effects of this type of anisotropy have not been fully discussed. Therefore, in this study, we propose a constitutive framework that models the passive and active mechanics of the aorta, taking into account the dispersed nature of the aortic constituents by applying the discrete fibre dispersion method. We suggest an isoparametric approach by evaluating various numerical integration methods and introducing a non-uniform discretization of the unit hemisphere to increase its computational efficiency. Finally, the constitutive parameters are fitted to layer-specific experimental data and initial computational results are briefly presented. The radial tilt of SMCs is also analysed, which has a noticeable influence on the mechanical behaviour of the aorta. In the absence of sufficient experimental data, the results indicate that the active contribution of SMCs has a remarkable impact on the mechanics of the healthy aorta.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maximilian P. Wollner
- Institute of Biomechanics, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
- Institute for Solid Mechanics, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Gerhard A. Holzapfel
- Institute of Biomechanics, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
- Department of Structural Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
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31
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Yong-Xin R, Xue-Bin Z, Shu-Xu D, Yongqiang Z, Ying L, Jing L, Ying-Dai G, Hong-Cai S, Eyden B. Histopathological and ultrastructural study of carotid atherosclerotic plaques: a study of four cases. Ultrastruct Pathol 2021; 45:319-334. [PMID: 34459698 DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2021.1968090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
To clarify the characteristics and origin of the cellular components in atherosclerosis, carotid atherosclerotic plaques (CAPs) of four patients were studied by light microscopy using hematoxylin-eosin, Congo red and alpha-smooth-muscle actin stains, and by transmission electron microscopy of different regions of CAPs. By light microscopy, CAPs were composed of 1) a fibrous cap; 2) an atherosclerotic core presenting focal fibrosis, neovascularization, hemorrhage, necrosis, chondrification and ossification; and 3) a basal band composed of a hyperplasic pseudo-media and affected tunica media. Ultrastructurally, the CAPs contained a diversity of cells including fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, osteochondrocytes, vascular smooth-muscle cells, foam cells and other myoid cells characterized by varied features of the above mentioned cells. The results indicated that CAPs were derived from a proliferation of multipotential mesenchymal stem cells, leading to the presence of degenerated foam cells and lipid-laden cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Yong-Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhang Xue-Bin
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dong Shu-Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhang Yongqiang
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Ying
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Liu Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Gao Ying-Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Shang Hong-Cai
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Beijing Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Peking, China
| | - Brian Eyden
- Formerly: Department of Histopathology, Christie Hospital Nhs Trust, Manchester, UK
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32
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Chen Y, Sun Y, Li Z, Li C, Xiao L, Dai J, Li S, Liu H, Hu D, Wu D, Hu S, Yu B, Chen P, Xu P, Kong W, Wang DW. Identification of COL3A1 variants associated with sporadic thoracic aortic dissection: a case-control study. Front Med 2021; 15:438-447. [PMID: 34047934 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-020-0826-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Thoracic aortic dissection (TAD) without familial clustering or syndromic features is known as sporadic TAD (STAD). So far, the genetic basis of STAD remains unknown. Whole exome sequencing was performed in 223 STAD patients and 414 healthy controls from the Chinese Han population (N = 637). After population structure and genetic relationship and ancestry analyses, we used the optimal sequence kernel association test to identify the candidate genes or variants of STAD. We found that COL3A1 was significantly relevant to STAD (P = 7.35 × 10-6) after 10 000 times permutation test (P = 2.49 × 10-3). Moreover, another independent cohort, including 423 cases and 734 non-STAD subjects (N = 1157), replicated our results (P = 0.021). Further bioinformatics analysis showed that COL3A1 was highly expressed in dissected aortic tissues, and its expression was related to the extracellular matrix (ECM) pathway. Our study identified a profile of known heritable TAD genes in the Chinese STAD population and found that COL3A1 could increase the risk of STAD through the ECM pathway. We wanted to expand the knowledge of the genetic basis and pathology of STAD, which may further help in providing better genetic counseling to the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanghui Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanism of Cardiologic Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yang Sun
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanism of Cardiologic Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Zongzhe Li
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanism of Cardiologic Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Chenze Li
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanism of Cardiologic Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Lei Xiao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanism of Cardiologic Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jiaqi Dai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanism of Cardiologic Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Shiyang Li
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanism of Cardiologic Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832008, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanism of Cardiologic Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Dong Hu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanism of Cardiologic Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Dongyang Wu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanism of Cardiologic Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Senlin Hu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanism of Cardiologic Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Bo Yu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanism of Cardiologic Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanism of Cardiologic Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Wei Kong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China. .,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanism of Cardiologic Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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33
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Current pharmacological management of aortic aneurysm. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 78:211-220. [PMID: 33990514 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Aortic aneurysm (AA) remains one of the primary causes of death worldwide. Of the major treatments, prophylactic operative repair is used for AA to avoid potential aortic dissection (AD) or rupture. To halt the development of AA and alleviate its progression into AD, pharmacological treatment has been investigated for years. Currently, β-adrenergic blocking agents, losartan, irbesartan, angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors, statins, antiplatelet agents, doxycycline, and metformin have been investigated as potential candidates for preventing AA progression. However, the paradox between preclinical successes and clinical failures still exists, with no medical therapy currently available for ideally negating the disease progression. This review describes the current drugs used for pharmacological management of AA and their individual potential mechanisms. Preclinical models for drug screening and evaluation are also discussed to gain a better understanding of the underlying pathophysiology and ultimately find new therapeutic targets for AA.
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34
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Lian R, Zhang G, Yan S, Sun L, Zhang G. Identification of Molecular Regulatory Features and Markers for Acute Type A Aortic Dissection. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2021; 2021:6697848. [PMID: 33953793 PMCID: PMC8057891 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6697848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) is one of the most lethal cardiovascular diseases, and its molecular mechanism remains unclear. METHODS Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between ATAAD and control were detected by limma R package in GSE52093, GSE153434, GSE98770, and GSE84827, respectively. The coexpression network of DEGs was identified by the WGCNA package. Enrichment analysis was performed for module genes that were positively correlated with ATAAD using clusterProfiler R package. In addition, differentially methylated markers between aortic dissection and control were identified by ChAMP package. After comparing with ATAAD-related genes, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was established based on the STRING database. The genes with the highest connectivity were identified as hub genes. Finally, differential immune cell infiltration between ATAAD and control was identified by ssGSEA. RESULTS From GSE52093 and GSE153434, 268 module genes were obtained with consistent direction of differential expression and high correlation with ATAAD. They were significantly enriched in T cell activation, HIF-1 signaling pathway, and cell cycle. In addition, 2060 differentially methylated markers were obtained from GSE84827. Among them, 77 methylation markers were ATAAD-related DEGs. Using the PPI network, we identified MYC, ITGA2, RND3, BCL2, and PHLPP2 as hub genes. Finally, we identified significantly differentially infiltrated immune cells in ATAAD. CONCLUSION The hub genes we identified may be regulated by methylation and participate in the development of ATAAD through immune inflammation and oxidative stress response. The findings may provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets for ATAAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Lian
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Emergency Department, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guochao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shengtao Yan
- Emergency Department, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lichao Sun
- Emergency Department, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guoqiang Zhang
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Emergency Department, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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Ghaghada KB, Ren P, Devkota L, Starosolski Z, Zhang C, Vela D, Stupin IV, Tanifum EA, Annapragada AV, Shen YH, LeMaire SA. Early Detection of Aortic Degeneration in a Mouse Model of Sporadic Aortic Aneurysm and Dissection Using Nanoparticle Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:1534-1548. [PMID: 33535789 PMCID: PMC7990703 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.315210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Ketan B Ghaghada
- Edward B. Singleton Department of Radiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston (K.B.G., L.D., Z.S., I.V.S., E.A.T., A.V.A.)
- Department of Radiology (K.B.G., Z.S., E.A.T., A.V.A.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Cardiovascular Research Institute (K.B.G., A.V.A., Y.H.S., S.A.L.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Pingping Ren
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery (P.R., C.Z., Y.H.S., S.A.L.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Laxman Devkota
- Edward B. Singleton Department of Radiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston (K.B.G., L.D., Z.S., I.V.S., E.A.T., A.V.A.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology (L.D.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Zbigniew Starosolski
- Edward B. Singleton Department of Radiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston (K.B.G., L.D., Z.S., I.V.S., E.A.T., A.V.A.)
- Department of Radiology (K.B.G., Z.S., E.A.T., A.V.A.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Chen Zhang
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery (P.R., C.Z., Y.H.S., S.A.L.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Deborah Vela
- Department of Cardiovascular Pathology Research (D.V.), Texas Heart Institute, Houston
| | - Igor V Stupin
- Edward B. Singleton Department of Radiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston (K.B.G., L.D., Z.S., I.V.S., E.A.T., A.V.A.)
| | - Eric A Tanifum
- Edward B. Singleton Department of Radiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston (K.B.G., L.D., Z.S., I.V.S., E.A.T., A.V.A.)
- Department of Radiology (K.B.G., Z.S., E.A.T., A.V.A.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Ananth V Annapragada
- Edward B. Singleton Department of Radiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston (K.B.G., L.D., Z.S., I.V.S., E.A.T., A.V.A.)
- Department of Radiology (K.B.G., Z.S., E.A.T., A.V.A.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Cardiovascular Research Institute (K.B.G., A.V.A., Y.H.S., S.A.L.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Ying H Shen
- Cardiovascular Research Institute (K.B.G., A.V.A., Y.H.S., S.A.L.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery (P.R., C.Z., Y.H.S., S.A.L.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (Y.H.S., S.A.L.), Texas Heart Institute, Houston
| | - Scott A LeMaire
- Cardiovascular Research Institute (K.B.G., A.V.A., Y.H.S., S.A.L.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery (P.R., C.Z., Y.H.S., S.A.L.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (Y.H.S., S.A.L.), Texas Heart Institute, Houston
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36
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Creamer TJ, Bramel EE, MacFarlane EG. Insights on the Pathogenesis of Aneurysm through the Study of Hereditary Aortopathies. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12020183. [PMID: 33514025 PMCID: PMC7912671 DOI: 10.3390/genes12020183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAA) are permanent and localized dilations of the aorta that predispose patients to a life-threatening risk of aortic dissection or rupture. The identification of pathogenic variants that cause hereditary forms of TAA has delineated fundamental molecular processes required to maintain aortic homeostasis. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) elaborate and remodel the extracellular matrix (ECM) in response to mechanical and biochemical cues from their environment. Causal variants for hereditary forms of aneurysm compromise the function of gene products involved in the transmission or interpretation of these signals, initiating processes that eventually lead to degeneration and mechanical failure of the vessel. These include mutations that interfere with transduction of stimuli from the matrix to the actin-myosin cytoskeleton through integrins, and those that impair signaling pathways activated by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). In this review, we summarize the features of the healthy aortic wall, the major pathways involved in the modulation of VSMC phenotypes, and the basic molecular functions impaired by TAA-associated mutations. We also discuss how the heterogeneity and balance of adaptive and maladaptive responses to the initial genetic insult might contribute to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J. Creamer
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (T.J.C.); (E.E.B.)
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Emily E. Bramel
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (T.J.C.); (E.E.B.)
- Predoctoral Training in Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Elena Gallo MacFarlane
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (T.J.C.); (E.E.B.)
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Correspondence:
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37
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Li Y, Ren P, Dawson A, Vasquez HG, Ageedi W, Zhang C, Luo W, Chen R, Li Y, Kim S, Lu HS, Cassis LA, Coselli JS, Daugherty A, Shen YH, LeMaire SA. Single-Cell Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Dynamic Cell Populations and Differential Gene Expression Patterns in Control and Aneurysmal Human Aortic Tissue. Circulation 2020; 142:1374-1388. [PMID: 33017217 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.120.046528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ascending thoracic aortic aneurysm (ATAA) is caused by the progressive weakening and dilatation of the aortic wall and can lead to aortic dissection, rupture, and other life-threatening complications. To improve our understanding of ATAA pathogenesis, we aimed to comprehensively characterize the cellular composition of the ascending aortic wall and to identify molecular alterations in each cell population of human ATAA tissues. METHODS We performed single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of ascending aortic tissues from 11 study participants, including 8 patients with ATAA (4 women and 4 men) and 3 control subjects (2 women and 1 man). Cells extracted from aortic tissue were analyzed and categorized with single-cell RNA sequencing data to perform cluster identification. ATAA-related changes were then examined by comparing the proportions of each cell type and the gene expression profiles between ATAA and control tissues. We also examined which genes may be critical for ATAA by performing the integrative analysis of our single-cell RNA sequencing data with publicly available data from genome-wide association studies. RESULTS We identified 11 major cell types in human ascending aortic tissue; the high-resolution reclustering of these cells further divided them into 40 subtypes. Multiple subtypes were observed for smooth muscle cells, macrophages, and T lymphocytes, suggesting that these cells have multiple functional populations in the aortic wall. In general, ATAA tissues had fewer nonimmune cells and more immune cells, especially T lymphocytes, than control tissues did. Differential gene expression data suggested the presence of extensive mitochondrial dysfunction in ATAA tissues. In addition, integrative analysis of our single-cell RNA sequencing data with public genome-wide association study data and promoter capture Hi-C data suggested that the erythroblast transformation-specific related gene(ERG) exerts an important role in maintaining normal aortic wall function. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides a comprehensive evaluation of the cellular composition of the ascending aortic wall and reveals how the gene expression landscape is altered in human ATAA tissue. The information from this study makes important contributions to our understanding of ATAA formation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanming Li
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery (Yanming Li, P.R., A. Dawson, H.G.V., W.A., C.Z., W.L., J.S.C., Y.H.S., S.A.L.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Texas Heart Institute, Houston (Yanming Li, P.R., A. Dawson, H.G.V., W.A., C.Z., W.L., J.S.C., Y.H.S., S.A.L.)
| | - Pingping Ren
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery (Yanming Li, P.R., A. Dawson, H.G.V., W.A., C.Z., W.L., J.S.C., Y.H.S., S.A.L.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Texas Heart Institute, Houston (Yanming Li, P.R., A. Dawson, H.G.V., W.A., C.Z., W.L., J.S.C., Y.H.S., S.A.L.)
| | - Ashley Dawson
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery (Yanming Li, P.R., A. Dawson, H.G.V., W.A., C.Z., W.L., J.S.C., Y.H.S., S.A.L.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Texas Heart Institute, Houston (Yanming Li, P.R., A. Dawson, H.G.V., W.A., C.Z., W.L., J.S.C., Y.H.S., S.A.L.)
| | - Hernan G Vasquez
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery (Yanming Li, P.R., A. Dawson, H.G.V., W.A., C.Z., W.L., J.S.C., Y.H.S., S.A.L.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Texas Heart Institute, Houston (Yanming Li, P.R., A. Dawson, H.G.V., W.A., C.Z., W.L., J.S.C., Y.H.S., S.A.L.)
| | - Waleed Ageedi
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery (Yanming Li, P.R., A. Dawson, H.G.V., W.A., C.Z., W.L., J.S.C., Y.H.S., S.A.L.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Texas Heart Institute, Houston (Yanming Li, P.R., A. Dawson, H.G.V., W.A., C.Z., W.L., J.S.C., Y.H.S., S.A.L.)
| | - Chen Zhang
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery (Yanming Li, P.R., A. Dawson, H.G.V., W.A., C.Z., W.L., J.S.C., Y.H.S., S.A.L.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Texas Heart Institute, Houston (Yanming Li, P.R., A. Dawson, H.G.V., W.A., C.Z., W.L., J.S.C., Y.H.S., S.A.L.)
| | - Wei Luo
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery (Yanming Li, P.R., A. Dawson, H.G.V., W.A., C.Z., W.L., J.S.C., Y.H.S., S.A.L.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Texas Heart Institute, Houston (Yanming Li, P.R., A. Dawson, H.G.V., W.A., C.Z., W.L., J.S.C., Y.H.S., S.A.L.)
| | - Rui Chen
- Human Genome Sequencing Center (R.C., Yumei Li, S.K.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Yumei Li
- Human Genome Sequencing Center (R.C., Yumei Li, S.K.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Sangbae Kim
- Human Genome Sequencing Center (R.C., Yumei Li, S.K.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Hong S Lu
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (H.S.L., A. Daugherty), University of Kentucky, Lexington.,Department of Physiology (H.S.L., A. Daugherty), University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | - Lisa A Cassis
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (L.A.C.), University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | - Joseph S Coselli
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery (Yanming Li, P.R., A. Dawson, H.G.V., W.A., C.Z., W.L., J.S.C., Y.H.S., S.A.L.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.,Cardiovascular Research Institute (J.S.C., Y.H.S., S.A.L.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Texas Heart Institute, Houston (Yanming Li, P.R., A. Dawson, H.G.V., W.A., C.Z., W.L., J.S.C., Y.H.S., S.A.L.)
| | - Alan Daugherty
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (H.S.L., A. Daugherty), University of Kentucky, Lexington.,Department of Physiology (H.S.L., A. Daugherty), University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | - Ying H Shen
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery (Yanming Li, P.R., A. Dawson, H.G.V., W.A., C.Z., W.L., J.S.C., Y.H.S., S.A.L.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.,Cardiovascular Research Institute (J.S.C., Y.H.S., S.A.L.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Texas Heart Institute, Houston (Yanming Li, P.R., A. Dawson, H.G.V., W.A., C.Z., W.L., J.S.C., Y.H.S., S.A.L.)
| | - Scott A LeMaire
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery (Yanming Li, P.R., A. Dawson, H.G.V., W.A., C.Z., W.L., J.S.C., Y.H.S., S.A.L.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.,Cardiovascular Research Institute (J.S.C., Y.H.S., S.A.L.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (S.A.L.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Texas Heart Institute, Houston (Yanming Li, P.R., A. Dawson, H.G.V., W.A., C.Z., W.L., J.S.C., Y.H.S., S.A.L.)
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38
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Nam JS, Jeon SB, Jo JY, Joung KW, Chin JH, Lee EH, Chung CH, Choi IC. Perioperative rupture risk of unruptured intracranial aneurysms in cardiovascular surgery. Brain 2020; 142:1408-1415. [PMID: 30851103 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Although unruptured intracranial aneurysms are increasingly being diagnosed incidentally, perioperative rupture risk of unruptured intracranial aneurysm in patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery remains unclear. Therefore, we conducted an observational study to assess the prevalence and perioperative rupture risk of unruptured intracranial aneurysm in patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery. Adult patients (n = 4864) who underwent cardiovascular surgery between January 2010 and December 2016 were included. We assessed the prevalence of unruptured intracranial aneurysms in these patients using preoperative neurovascular imaging. The incidence of postoperative 30-day subarachnoid haemorrhage from aneurysmal rupture was investigated in patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery with unruptured intracranial aneurysm. Postoperative outcomes were compared between patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysm and those without unruptured intracranial aneurysm. Of the 4864 patients (39.6% females; mean ± standard deviation age, 62.3 ± 11.3 years), 353 patients had unruptured intracranial aneurysms (prevalence rate, 7.26%; 95% confidence interval, 6.52-8.06%). Of these, eight patients received surgical or endovascular treatment before surgery and 345 patients underwent cardiovascular surgery with unruptured intracranial aneurysms. Within 30 days postoperatively, subarachnoid haemorrhage occurred only in one patient, and the cumulative postoperative 30-day subarachnoid haemorrhage incidence was 0.29% (95% confidence interval, 0.01% to 1.61%). The Kaplan-Meier estimated subarachnoid haemorrhage probabilities according to the unruptured intracranial aneurysm rupture risk scores were not higher than the previously reported risk in the general population. There were no significant differences in postoperative subarachnoid haemorrhage-free survival, haemorrhagic stroke-free survival, in-hospital mortality, and hospital length of stay between patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysm and those without unruptured intracranial aneurysm. In conclusion, the prevalence of unruptured intracranial aneurysm in patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery is higher than in the general population. However, incidentally detected unruptured intracranial aneurysms are not linked to an increased risk of subarachnoid haemorrhage or adverse postoperative outcomes. These findings may help determine the optimal management of unruptured intracranial aneurysms before cardiovascular surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Sik Nam
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Laboratory for Perioperative Outcomes Analysis and Research, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Beom Jeon
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun-Young Jo
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Laboratory for Perioperative Outcomes Analysis and Research, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Woon Joung
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Laboratory for Perioperative Outcomes Analysis and Research, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Chin
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Laboratory for Perioperative Outcomes Analysis and Research, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Ho Lee
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Laboratory for Perioperative Outcomes Analysis and Research, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Cheol Hyun Chung
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - In-Cheol Choi
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Laboratory for Perioperative Outcomes Analysis and Research, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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39
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Shen YH, LeMaire SA, Webb NR, Cassis LA, Daugherty A, Lu HS. Aortic Aneurysms and Dissections Series. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:e37-e46. [PMID: 32101472 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.313991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The aortic wall is composed of highly dynamic cell populations and extracellular matrix. In response to changes in the biomechanical environment, aortic cells and extracellular matrix modulate their structure and functions to increase aortic wall strength and meet the hemodynamic demand. Compromise in the structural and functional integrity of aortic components leads to aortic degeneration, biomechanical failure, and the development of aortic aneurysms and dissections (AAD). A better understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of AAD will facilitate the development of effective medications to treat these conditions. Here, we summarize recent findings on AAD published in ATVB. In this issue, we focus on the dynamics of aortic cells and extracellular matrix in AAD; in the next issue, we will focus on the role of signaling pathways in AAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying H Shen
- From the Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (Y.H.S., S.A.L.).,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Texas Heart Institute, Houston (Y.H.S., S.A.L.)
| | - Scott A LeMaire
- From the Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (Y.H.S., S.A.L.).,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Texas Heart Institute, Houston (Y.H.S., S.A.L.)
| | - Nancy R Webb
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (N.R.W., L.A.C.), University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | - Lisa A Cassis
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (N.R.W., L.A.C.), University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | - Alan Daugherty
- Department of Physiology and Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (A.D., H.S.L.), University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | - Hong S Lu
- Department of Physiology and Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (A.D., H.S.L.), University of Kentucky, Lexington
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40
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Expression profiles of circRNAs and the potential diagnostic value of serum circMARK3 in human acute Stanford type A aortic dissection. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219013. [PMID: 31251793 PMCID: PMC6599129 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
CircRNAs are involved in a variety of human diseases, however, the expression profiles and the potential diagnostic value of circRNAs in human acute Stanford type A aortic dissection (AAAD) remains largely unknown. In this study, high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) was used to investigate the differentially expressed circRNAs, microRNAs (miRs) and mRNAs in human AAAD tissues (n = 10) compared with normal aortic tissues (n = 10). The results of RNA-Seq revealed that 506 circRNAs were significantly dysregulated (P<0.05, false discovery rate, FDR<0.05, fold change>2). The subsequent weighted gene correlation network analysis and the following co-expression network analysis revealed that tyrosine-protein kinase Fgr might play important roles in the occurrence and development of AAAD. According to the circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network, we found that the upstream regulatory molecule of Fgr is circMARK3. Finally, a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic value of the serum circMARK3 as biomarkers for AAAD (cutoff value = 1.497, area under the curve = 0.9344, P < 0.0001, sensitivity = 90.0%, specificity = 86.7%). These results provided a preliminary landscape of circRNAs expression profiles and indicated that circMARK3 was a potential biomarker for AAAD diagnosis.
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41
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Abnormal Ribosome Biogenesis Partly Induced p53-Dependent Aortic Medial Smooth Muscle Cell Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:7064319. [PMID: 31210846 PMCID: PMC6532287 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7064319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Ribosome biogenesis is a crucial biological process related to cell proliferation, redox balance, and muscle contractility. Aortic smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) show inhibition of proliferation and apoptosis, along with high levels of oxidative stress in aortic dissection (AD). Theoretically, ribosome biogenesis should be enhanced in the ASMCs at its proliferative state but suppressed during apoptosis and oxidative stress. However, the exact status and role of ribosome biogenesis in AD are unknown. We therefore analyzed the expression levels of BOP1, a component of the PeBoW complex which is crucial to ribosome biogenesis, in AD patients and a murine AD model and its influence on the ASMCs. BOP1 was downregulated in the aortic tissues of AD patients compared to healthy donors. In addition, overexpression of BOP1 in human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) inhibited apoptosis and accumulation of p53 under hypoxic conditions, while knockdown of BOP1 decreased the protein synthesis rate and motility of HASMCs. The RNA polymerase I inhibitor cx-5461 induced apoptosis, ROS production, and proliferative inhibition in the HASMCs, which was partly attenuated by p53 knockout. Furthermore, cx-5461 aggravated the severity of AD in vivo, but a p53-/- background extended the life-span and lowered AD incidence in the mice. Taken together, decreased ribosome biogenesis in ASMCs resulting in p53-dependent proliferative inhibition, oxidative stress, and apoptosis is one of the underlying mechanisms of AD.
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42
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Syed MBJ, Fletcher AJ, Dweck MR, Forsythe R, Newby DE. Imaging aortic wall inflammation. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2018; 29:440-448. [PMID: 30611605 PMCID: PMC6853180 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation affects the aortic wall through complex pathways that alter its biomechanical structure and cellular composition. Inflammatory processes that predominantly affect the intima cause occlusive disease whereas medial inflammation and degeneration cause aneurysm formation. Aortic inflammatory pathways share common metabolic features that can be localized by smart contrast agents and radiolabelled positron emission tomography (PET) tracers. 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) is a non-specific marker of metabolism and has been widely used to study aortic inflammation in various diseased aortic states. Although useful in detecting disease, 18F-FDG has yet to demonstrate a reliable link between vessel wall disease and clinical progression. 18F-Sodium fluoride (18F-NaF) is a promising biological tracer that detects microcalcification related to active disease and cellular necrosis within the vessel wall. 18F-NaF shows a high affinity to bind to diseased arterial tissue irrespective of the underlying inflammatory process. In abdominal aortic aneurysms, 18F-NaF PET/CT predicts increased rates of growth and important clinical end-points, such as rupture or the requirement for repair. Much work remains to be done to bridge the gap between detecting aortic inflammation in at-risk individuals and predicting adverse clinical events. Novel radiotracers may hold the key to improve our understanding of vessel wall biology and how this relates to patients. Combined with established clinical and morphological assessment techniques, PET imaging promises to improve disease detection and clinical risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaz B J Syed
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom.
| | - Alexander J Fletcher
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Marc R Dweck
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Rachael Forsythe
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - David E Newby
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
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