1
|
Jo A, Choi TG, Han JY, Tabor MH, Kolliputi N, Lockey RF, Cho SH. Age-Related Increase of Collagen/Fibrin Deposition and High PAI-1 Production in Human Nasal Polyps. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:845324. [PMID: 35712705 PMCID: PMC9193225 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.845324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Our previous studies showed an age-related increased prevalence of nasal polyps (NP) and reduced production of S100A8/9 in elderly patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with NP (CRSwNP). In this study, we investigated an unbiased age-related gene expression profile in CRSwNP subjects and healthy controls, and further identified the differences in their tissue remodeling. Methods: Microarrays using NP and uncinate tissues from health controls (elderly, age ≥65 vs. non-elderly, age 18-49) were performed, and differentially regulated genes were analyzed. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), Immunostaining, Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), trichrome staining, Western blot, and ELISA were performed for further investigation. Results: Microarrays identified differentially expressed genes according to disease and age; 278 in NP vs. controls, 75 in non-elderly NP vs. non-elderly controls, and 32 in elderly NP vs. elderly controls. qPCR confirmed that the PLAT gene was downregulated and the SERPINB2 gene upregulated in NP vs. controls. The serous glandular cell-derived antimicrobial protein/peptide-related genes such as BPIFB3, BPIFB2, LPO, and MUC7 were remarkably reduced in NP, regardless of age. SERPINE1 gene (plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, PAI-1) expression was significantly increased in elderly NP versus elderly controls. IHC and western blot confirmed significantly decreased production of MUC7 and LPO in NP versus controls. There was a trend of age-related reduction of submucosal gland cells in normal controls. Trichrome and immunofluorescence staining demonstrated an age-related increase of collagen and fibrin deposition in NP, consistent with increased PAI-1 production. Conclusion: This study demonstrated age-related differential glandular remodeling patterns and fibrosis in NP and normal controls. PAI-1 expression was significantly increased in elderly NP versus elderly controls, suggesting PAI-1 as a potential treatment target in elderly NP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ara Jo
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Tae Gyu Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung Yeon Han
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Mark H. Tabor
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Narasaiah Kolliputi
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Richard F. Lockey
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Seong H. Cho
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, James A. Haley Veterans’ Hospital, Tampa, FL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
The Serpin Superfamily and Their Role in the Regulation and Dysfunction of Serine Protease Activity in COPD and Other Chronic Lung Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126351. [PMID: 34198546 PMCID: PMC8231800 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a debilitating heterogeneous disease characterised by unregulated proteolytic destruction of lung tissue mediated via a protease-antiprotease imbalance. In COPD, the relationship between the neutrophil serine protease, neutrophil elastase, and its endogenous inhibitor, alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) is the best characterised. AAT belongs to a superfamily of serine protease inhibitors known as serpins. Advances in screening technologies have, however, resulted in many members of the serpin superfamily being identified as having differential expression across a multitude of chronic lung diseases compared to healthy individuals. Serpins exhibit a unique suicide-substrate mechanism of inhibition during which they undergo a dramatic conformational change to a more stable form. A limitation is that this also renders them susceptible to disease-causing mutations. Identification of the extent of their physiological/pathological role in the airways would allow further expansion of knowledge regarding the complexity of protease regulation in the lung and may provide wider opportunity for their use as therapeutics to aid the management of COPD and other chronic airways diseases.
Collapse
|
3
|
Popa SC, Shin JA. The Intrinsically Disordered Loop in the USF1 bHLHZ Domain Modulates Its DNA-Binding Sequence Specificity in Hereditary Asthma. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:9862-9871. [PMID: 31670516 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b06719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
USF1, a basic region/helix-loop-helix/leucine zipper (bHLHZ) transcription factor, binds to the E-box in the PAI-1 (plasminogen activator inhibitor) promoter. Two alleles containing the E-box control PAI-1 transcription; these alleles are termed "4G" and "5G" based on the G tract flanking E-box. USF1-governed transcription of PAI-1 is elevated in heritable asthma sufferers: the 4G/4G genotype has the highest plasma levels of PAI-1. While USF1 uses its basic region to bind E-box, we found that it uses its 12 amino-acid loop to recognize the flanking sequence and discern the single-nucleotide difference between the alleles. We used the bacterial one-hybrid and electrophoretic mobility shift assays to assess protein-DNA recognition, and circular dichroism to examine protein secondary structure. We mutated Ser233 and Thr234 in the USF1 bHLHZ loop to Ala to generate S233A and T234A. Interestingly, USF1 bHLHZ, S233A, and T234A prefer the 5G sequence (USF1 bHLHZ Kd values 4.1 ± 0.3 nM and 7.0 ± 0.4 nM for 5G and 4G, respectively), whereas studies in stimulated human mast cells showed a preference for 4G. We replaced the 8 amino-acid loop of transcription factor Max bHLHZ with the 12 amino-acid USF1 loop: this mutant now distinguishes the 4G/5G polymorphism-while Max bHLHZ does not-confirming that USF1 differentiation of the 4G/5G is driven by the loop.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serban C Popa
- Department of Chemistry , University of Toronto , 3359 Mississauga Road , Mississauga , Ontario L5L 1C6 , Canada
| | - Jumi A Shin
- Department of Chemistry , University of Toronto , 3359 Mississauga Road , Mississauga , Ontario L5L 1C6 , Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cho SH, Jo A, Casale T, Jeong SJ, Hong SJ, Cho JK, Holbrook JT, Kumar R, Smith LJ. Soy isoflavones reduce asthma exacerbation in asthmatic patients with high PAI-1-producing genotypes. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 144:109-117.e4. [PMID: 30707970 PMCID: PMC6612283 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 4G4G genotype of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) is associated with increased plasma PAI-1 levels and poor asthma control. Previous studies suggest that soy isoflavones can reduce PAI-1 levels. OBJECTIVE We sought to investigate PAI-1 genotype-specific differences of the soy isoflavone response in asthma outcomes. METHODS A PAI-1 functional polymorphism (rs1799768, 4G5G) was characterized in subjects with poorly controlled asthma enrolled in a randomized clinical trial of soy isoflavones (n = 265). Genotype-specific treatment responses on asthma outcomes were compared between soy isoflavones and placebo. Normal human bronchial epithelial cells were cultured with or without TGF-β1, genistein, or both, and PAI-1 levels were measured. RESULTS The 4G4G/4G5G genotype was associated with a greater risk for allergy-related worsened asthma symptoms and eczema at baseline compared with the 5G5G genotype. There was a significant interaction between the genotype and soy isoflavone intervention on oral corticosteroid use for asthma exacerbation (P = .005). In a subgroup analysis soy isoflavones significantly reduced the use of oral corticosteroids (number of events/person-year) by 4-fold compared with placebo in the 4G4G/4G5G genotype (0.2 vs 0.8; relative risk, 0.28; P < .001) but not in the 5G5G genotype. Soy isoflavones reduced plasma PAI-1 levels compared with placebo. Genistein treatment reduced TGF-β1-induced PAI-1 production in normal human bronchial epithelial cells. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that soy isoflavone treatment provides a significant benefit in reducing the number of severe asthma exacerbations in asthmatic patients with the high PAI-1-producing genotype. PAI-1 polymorphisms can be used as a genetic biomarker for soy isoflavone-responsive patients with asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seong H Cho
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Fla; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Ara Jo
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Fla
| | - Thomas Casale
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Fla
| | - Su J Jeong
- Department of Statistics Support, Medical Science Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Jae Hong
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joong K Cho
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Fla
| | - Janet T Holbrook
- Center for Clinical Trials and Evidence Synthesis Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill
| | - Lewis J Smith
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Carpaij OA, Burgess JK, Kerstjens HAM, Nawijn MC, van den Berge M. A review on the pathophysiology of asthma remission. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 201:8-24. [PMID: 31075356 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition, which is highly prevalent worldwide. Although no cure is currently available, it is well recognized that some asthma patients can spontaneously enter remission of the disease later in life. Asthma remission is characterized by absence of symptoms and lack of asthma-medication use. Subjects in asthma remission can be divided into two groups: those in clinical remission and those in complete remission. In clinical asthma remission, subjects still have a degree of lung functional impairment or bronchial hyperresponsiveness, while in complete asthma remission, these features are no longer present. Over longer periods, the latter group is less likely to relapse. This remission group is of great scientific interest due to the higher potential to find biomarkers or biological pathways that elicit or are associated with asthma remission. Despite the fact that the definition of asthma remission varies between studies, some factors are reproducibly observed to be associated with remitted asthma. Among these are lower levels of inflammatory markers, which are lowest in complete remission. Additionally, in both groups some degree of airway remodeling is present. Still, the pathological disease state of asthma remission has been poorly investigated. Future research should focus on at least two aspects: further characterisation of the small airways and airway walls in order to determine histologically true remission, and more thorough biological pathway analyses to explore triggers that elicit this phenomenon. Ultimately, this will result in pharmacological targets that provide the potential to steer the course of asthma towards remission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Orestes A Carpaij
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Groningen, the Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pulmonology, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Janette K Burgess
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Groningen, the Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Huib A M Kerstjens
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Groningen, the Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pulmonology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn C Nawijn
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Groningen, the Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten van den Berge
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Groningen, the Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pulmonology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Thwaites RS, Gunawardana NC, Broich V, Mann EH, Ahnström J, Campbell GA, Lindsley S, Singh N, Tunstall T, Lane DA, Openshaw PJ, Hawrylowicz CM, Hansel TT. Biphasic activation of complement and fibrinolysis during the human nasal allergic response. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 141:1892-1895.e6. [PMID: 29427640 PMCID: PMC5929461 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan S Thwaites
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Natasha C Gunawardana
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Verena Broich
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth H Mann
- MRC and Asthma UK Centre for Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Josefin Ahnström
- Centre for Haematology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gaynor A Campbell
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Lindsley
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nehmat Singh
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tanushree Tunstall
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David A Lane
- Centre for Haematology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J Openshaw
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine M Hawrylowicz
- MRC and Asthma UK Centre for Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Trevor T Hansel
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; MRC and Asthma UK Centre, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Polymorphism 4G/5G of the plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 gene as a risk factor for the development of allergic rhinitis symptoms in patients with asthma. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2017; 274:2613-2619. [PMID: 28258374 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-017-4502-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is a glycoprotein which has a role in tissue remodelling after inflammatory processes. The objective is to investigate the frequency of PAI-1 gene polymorphism (4G/5G) in patients with a lung ventilation dysfunction in asthma and allergic rhinitis. Genomic DNA was isolated and genotypes of polymorphism of PAI-1 4G/5G and ABO were determined using the methods of RT-PCR and PCR-SSP. Study group includes 145 adult patients diagnosed with chronic asthma, with all clinically relevant parameters and the laboratory markers of pO2, IgE and eosinophils in sputum and nasal swab. In the processing of data, appropriate statistical tests (Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, median, interquartile ranges, χ 2 and Mann-Whitney U tests) were used. Patients with symptoms of allergic rhinitis were significantly younger and had an almost four time higher levels of IgE (P = 0.001), higher pO2 (P = 0.002) and PEF (P = 0.036), compared to those who do not have these symptoms. Genotype PAI 4G/4G is significantly more common in patients with allergic rhinitis (28.1% vs. 16.1%; P = 0.017) compared to the genotype 5G/5G. Carriers of the genotype 4G/5G also have a borderline statistical significance. There were no statistically significant difference in the incidence of allergic rhinitis in the carriers of any ABO genotypes. The frequency of PAI genotype 4G/4G is significantly more common in patients with allergic rhinitis. The results suggest that the carriers of at least one 4G allele are at a higher risk for developing symptoms of allergic rhinitis in asthma.
Collapse
|
8
|
Liu B, Tang Y, Yi M, Liu Q, Xiong H, Hu G, Yuan X. Genetic variants in the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 gene are associated with an increased risk of radiation pneumonitis in lung cancer patients. Cancer Med 2017; 6:681-688. [PMID: 28211612 PMCID: PMC5345627 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 (PAI‐1) plays a crucial role in the process of lung injury, although its association with radiation pneumonitis (RP) is unclear. We hypothesized that genetic variants in PAI‐1 may influence the risk of RP. In this study, 169 lung cancer patients were genotyped for six single‐nucleotide polymorphisms in PAI‐1 using the Sequenom MassARRAY system. The risk of RP was evaluated by Cox proportional hazards analyses. The cumulative RP probabilities by genotype were assessed using Kaplan–Meier analyses. Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that PAI‐1:rs7242 GT/GG was correlated with an increased occurrence of grade ≥3 RP (crude hazard ratio = 3.331; 95% confidence interval, 1.168–9.497; P = 0.024). Our results indicated that PAI‐1:rs7242 in the 3′‐untranslated region of PAI‐1 can be a predictor of grade ≥3 RP before radiotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yang Tang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Minxiao Yi
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Qingxu Liu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Huihua Xiong
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Guangyuan Hu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xianglin Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Cho SH, Min JY, Kim DY, Oh SS, Torgerson DR, Pino-Yanes M, Hu D, Sen S, Huntsman S, Eng C, Farber HJ, Rodriguez-Cintron W, Rodriguez-Santana JR, Serebrisky D, Thyne SM, Borrell LN, Williams LK, DuPont W, Seibold MA, Burchard EG, Avila PC, Kumar R. Association of a PAI-1 Gene Polymorphism and Early Life Infections with Asthma Risk, Exacerbations, and Reduced Lung Function. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157848. [PMID: 27556405 PMCID: PMC4996454 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is induced in airways by virus and may mediate asthmatic airway remodeling. We sought to evaluate if genetic variants and early life lower respiratory infections jointly affect asthma risk. METHODS We included Latino children, adolescents, and young adults aged 8-21 years (1736 subjects with physician-diagnosed asthma and 1747 healthy controls) from five U.S. centers and Puerto Rico after excluding subjects with incomplete clinical or genetic data. We evaluated the independent and joint effects of a PAI-1 gain of function polymorphism and bronchiolitis / Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) or other lower respiratory infections (LRI) within the first 2 years of life on asthma risk, asthma exacerbations and lung function. RESULTS RSV infection (OR 9.9, 95%CI 4.9-20.2) and other LRI (OR 9.1, 95%CI 7.2-11.5) were independently associated with asthma, but PAI-1 genotype was not. There were joint effects on asthma risk for both genotype-RSV (OR 17.7, 95% CI 6.3-50.2) and genotype-LRI (OR 11.7, 95% CI 8.8-16.4). A joint effect of genotype-RSV resulted in a 3.1-fold increased risk for recurrent asthma hospitalizations. In genotype-respiratory infection joint effect analysis, FEV1% predicted and FEV1/FVC % predicted were further reduced in the genotype-LRI group (β -2.1, 95% CI -4.0 to -0.2; β -2.0, 95% CI -3.1 to -0.8 respectively). Similarly, lower FEV1% predicted was noted in genotype-RSV group (β -3.1, 95% CI -6.1 to -0.2) with a trend for lower FEV1/FVC % predicted. CONCLUSIONS A genetic variant of PAI-1 together with early life LRI such as RSV bronchiolitis is associated with an increased risk of asthma, morbidity, and reduced lung function in this Latino population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seong H. Cho
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Jin-Young Min
- Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Dong Young Kim
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Sam S. Oh
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Dara R. Torgerson
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Maria Pino-Yanes
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Donglei Hu
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Saunak Sen
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Preventive Medicine, UTHSC, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Scott Huntsman
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Celeste Eng
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Harold J. Farber
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pulmonology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | | | | | - Denise Serebrisky
- Pediatric Pulmonary Division, Jacobi Medical Center, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Shannon M. Thyne
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Luisa N. Borrell
- Department of Health Sciences, Lehman College, CUNY, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - L. Keoki Williams
- Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Center for Health Policy and Health Services Research, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - William DuPont
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Max A. Seibold
- Center for Genes, Environment and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Esteban G. Burchard
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Pedro C. Avila
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- The Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kim DY, Cho SH, Takabayashi T, Schleimer RP. Chronic Rhinosinusitis and the Coagulation System. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2015; 7:421-30. [PMID: 26122502 PMCID: PMC4509654 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2015.7.5.421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is one of the most common chronic diseases in adults and severely affects quality of life in patients. Although various etiologic and pathogenic mechanisms of CRS have been proposed, the causes of CRS remain uncertain. Abnormalities in the coagulation cascade may play an etiologic role in many diseases, such as asthma and other inflammatory conditions. While studies on the relationship between asthma and dysregulated coagulation have been reported, the role of the coagulation system in the pathogenesis of CRS has only been considered following recent reports. Excessive fibrin deposition is seen in nasal polyp (NP) tissue from patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyp (CRSwNP) and is associated with activation of thrombin, reduction of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) and upregulation of coagulation factor XIII-A (FXIII-A), all events that can contribute to fibrin deposition and crosslinking. These findings were reproduced in a murine model of NP that was recently established. Elucidation of the mechanisms of fibrin deposition may enhance our understanding of tissue remodeling in the pathophysiology of NP and provide new targets for the treatment of CRSwNP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Young Kim
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.; Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong H Cho
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tetsuji Takabayashi
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.; Division of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Sensory and Locomotor Medicine, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Robert P Schleimer
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Cho SH, Lee SH, Kato A, Takabayashi T, Kulka M, Shin SC, Schleimer RP. Cross-talk between human mast cells and bronchial epithelial cells in plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 production via transforming growth factor-β1. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2015; 52:88-95. [PMID: 24987792 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0399oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous reports suggest that plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) promotes airway remodeling and that human and mouse mast cells (MCs) are an important source of PAI-1. In the present study we investigated MC-epithelial cell (EC) interactions in the production of PAI-1. We stimulated the human MC line LAD2 with IgE-receptor cross-linking and collected the supernatants. We incubated the human bronchial EC line BEAS-2B with the LAD2 supernatants and measured the level of PAI-1. When the supernatants from IgE-stimulated LAD2 were added to BEAS-2B, there was a significant enhancement of PAI-1 production by BEAS-2B. When we treated the MC supernatants with a transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 neutralizing antibody, the MC-derived induction of PAI-1 from BEAS-2B was completely abrogated. Although TGF-β1 mRNA was constitutively expressed in resting LAD2, it was not highly induced by IgE-mediated stimulation. Nonetheless, active TGF-β1 protein was significantly increased in LAD2 after IgE-mediated stimulation. Active TGF-β1 produced by primary cultured human MCs was significantly reduced in the presence of a chymase inhibitor, suggesting a role of MC chymase as an activator of latent TGF-β1. This study indicates that stimulation of human MCs by IgE receptor cross-linking triggers activation of TGF-β1, at least in part via chymase, which in turn induces the production of PAI-1 by bronchial ECs. Our data suggest that human MCs may play an important role in airway remodeling in asthma as a direct source of PAI-1 and by activating bronchial ECs to produce further PAI-1 via a TGF-β1-mediated activation pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seong H Cho
- 1 Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Majoor CJ, van de Pol MA, Kamphuisen PW, Meijers JCM, Molenkamp R, Wolthers KC, van der Poll T, Nieuwland R, Johnston SL, Sterk PJ, Bel EHD, Lutter R, van der Sluijs KF. Evaluation of coagulation activation after rhinovirus infection in patients with asthma and healthy control subjects: an observational study. Respir Res 2014; 15:14. [PMID: 24502801 PMCID: PMC3922343 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-15-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Asthma exacerbations are frequently triggered by rhinovirus infections. Both asthma and respiratory tract infection can activate haemostasis. Therefore we hypothesized that experimental rhinovirus-16 infection and asthmatic airway inflammation act in synergy on the haemostatic balance. Methods 28 patients (14 patients with mild allergic asthma and 14 healthy non-allergic controls) were infected with low-dose rhinovirus type 16. Venous plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL fluid) were obtained before and 6 days after infection to evaluate markers of coagulation activation, thrombin-antithrombin complexes, von Willebrand factor, plasmin-antiplasmin complexes, plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1, endogenous thrombin potential and tissue factor-exposing microparticles by fibrin generation test, in plasma and/or BAL fluid. Data were analysed by nonparametric tests (Wilcoxon, Mann Whitney and Spearman correlation). Results 13 patients with mild asthma (6 females, 19-29 y) and 11 healthy controls (10 females, 19-31 y) had a documented Rhinovirus-16 infection. Rhinovirus-16 challenge resulted in a shortening of the fibrin generation test in BAL fluid of asthma patients (t = -1: 706 s vs. t = 6: 498 s; p = 0.02), but not of controls (t = -1: 693 s vs. t = 6: 636 s; p = 0.65). The fold change in tissue factor-exposing microparticles in BAL fluid inversely correlated with the fold changes in eosinophil cationic protein and myeloperoxidase in BAL fluid after virus infection (r = -0.517 and -0.528 resp., both p = 0.01). Rhinovirus-16 challenge led to increased plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 levels in plasma in patients with asthma (26.0 ng/mL vs. 11.5 ng/mL in healthy controls, p = 0.04). Rhinovirus-16 load in BAL showed a linear correlation with the fold change in endogenous thrombin potential, plasmin-antiplasmin complexes and plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1. Conclusions Experimental rhinovirus infection induces procoagulant changes in the airways of patients with asthma through increased activity of tissue factor-exposing microparticles. These microparticle-associated procoagulant changes are associated with both neutrophilic and eosinophilic inflammation. Systemic activation of haemostasis increases with Rhinoviral load. Trial registration This trial was registered at the Dutch trial registry (http://www.trialregister.nl): NTR1677.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christof J Majoor
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Schuliga M, Westall G, Xia Y, Stewart AG. The plasminogen activation system: new targets in lung inflammation and remodeling. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2013; 13:386-93. [PMID: 23735578 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2013.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Revised: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The plasminogen activation system (PAS) and the plasmin it forms have dual roles in chronic respiratory diseases including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and interstitial lung disease. Whilst plasmin-mediated airspace fibrinolysis is beneficial, interstitial plasmin contributes to lung dysfunction because of its pro-inflammatory and tissue remodeling activities. Recent studies highlight the potential of fibrinolytic agents, including small molecule inhibitors of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), as treatments for chronic respiratory disease. Current data also suggest that interstitial urokinase plasminogen activator is an important mediator of lung inflammation and remodeling. However, further preclinical characterization of uPA as a drug target for lung disease is required. Here we review the concept of selectively targeting the contributions of PAS to treat chronic respiratory disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schuliga
- Department of Pharmacol, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bora E, Soylar R, Arıkan-Ayyıldız Z, Uzuner N, Giray-Bozkaya Ö, Erçal D, Karaman Ö, Ülgenalp A. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and angiotensin converting enzyme gene polymorphisms in Turkish asthmatic children. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2013; 41:11-6. [PMID: 22361338 DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2011.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2011] [Revised: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polymorphisms of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) genes have been implicated in susceptibility to asthma. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether there was any association between childhood asthma and polymorphisms of the PAI-1 and ACE genes. METHODS Two hundred and three Turkish children aged 5-15 years, including 102 asthmatic patients and 101 healthy control subjects were included in this study. The asthma group was divided into two groups as follows: Group I: Asthmatic children with positive family history for atopy (n=53), Group II: Asthmatic children without any family history for atopy (n=49). One hundred and twenty-eight atopic family members were also included in the study. The insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism of the ACE and PAI-1 4G/5G gene polymorphisms was carried out by polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS The prevalence of the PAI-1 4G allele was significantly greater in asthmatic children compared to control group (p<0.05, OR: 1.64 (1.11-2.43)) but there was no significant relation between ACE I/D genotypes and childhood asthma. No significant difference was detected between Groups I and II in terms of these ACE and PAI-1 genotypes and allele frequencies. No significant relationship was found between both gene polymorphisms and total serum IgE and skin prick test results. CONCLUSION It has been established that PAI-1 4G allele may be a genetic risk factor for childhood asthma but ACE gene I/D polymorphisms do not play a role in the development of asthma in the sample of Turkish children.
Collapse
|
15
|
Cho SH, Chen H, Kim IS, Yokose C, Kang J, Cho D, Cai C, Palma S, Busi M, Martini A, Yoo TJ. Association of the 4 g/5 g polymorphism of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 gene with sudden sensorineural hearing loss. A case control study. BMC EAR, NOSE, AND THROAT DISORDERS 2012; 12:5. [PMID: 22672326 PMCID: PMC3431267 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6815-12-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 05/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background The 5 G/5 G genotype of PAI-1 polymorphism is linked to decreased plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) levels and it has been suggested that lower PAI-1 levels may provide protective effects on inflammation, local microcirculatory disturbance, and fibrotic changes, which are likely associated with development of sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL). Methods The association of the 4 G/5 G PAI-1 polymorphism with the development and clinical outcome of SSNHL is evaluated via a case control study. 103 patients with SSNHL and 113 age and sex-matched controls were enrolled at University of Ferrara, Italy and hearing loss outcome was measured at least 3 months after the onset of hearing loss. DNA was isolated from peripheral blood using the QIAamp kit and the 4 G/5 G polymorphism in the −675 promoter region was genotyped with an allele-specific PCR. Genotype distribution was tested in patients and compared to controls by chi-square and odd-ratio analysis. The codominant and recessive models were used for the multiple logistic regression analyses of the PAI-1 gene allele. Results In this population, 5 G/5 G genotype had a two-time lower frequency in SSNHL patients compared to healthy controls (15.5% vs 30.1%) and was associated with decreased odds compared to 4 G/5 G genotype (OR 0.37, 95% CI 0.19-0.75, p = 0.005). In addition, the patients with 5 G/5 G genotype showed a trend of more than 2 times higher ratio of hearing recovery (> 20 dB) after systemic corticosteroid treatment compared to 4 G/5 G genotype (OR 2.3, 95% CI 0.32 - 16.83, p = 0.39), suggesting a better clinical outcome. Conclusions The 5 G/5 G genotype of PAI-1 may be associated with a reduced risk of SSNHL in the Italian population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seong Ho Cho
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 676 N, St Clair street #14028, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
The -675 4G/5G polymorphism in plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 gene is associated with risk of asthma: a meta-analysis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34385. [PMID: 22479620 PMCID: PMC3313978 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A number of studies assessed the association of −675 4G/5G polymorphism in the promoter region of plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 gene with asthma in different populations. However, most studies reported inconclusive results. A meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the association between polymorphism in the PAI-1 gene and asthma susceptibility. Methods Databases including Pubmed, EMBASE, HuGE Literature Finder, Wanfang Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Weipu Database were searched to find relevant studies. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the strength of association in the dominant model, recessive model, codominant model, and additive model. Results Eight studies involving 1817 cases and 2327 controls were included. Overall, significant association between 4G/5G polymorphism and asthma susceptibility was observed for 4G4G+4G5G vs. 5G5G (OR = 1.56, 95% CI 1.12–2.18, P = 0.008), 4G/4G vs. 4G/5G+5G/5G (OR = 1.38, 95% CI 1.06–1.80, P = 0.02), 4G/4G vs. 5G/5G (OR = 1.80, 95% CI 1.17–2.76, P = 0.007), 4G/5G vs. 5G/5G (OR = 1.40, 95% CI 1.07–1.84, P = 0.02), and 4G vs. 5G (OR = 1.35, 95% CI 1.08–1.68, P = 0.008). Conclusions This meta-analysis suggested that the −675 4G/5G polymorphism of PAI-1 gene was a risk factor of asthma.
Collapse
|
17
|
Lee SH, Eren M, Vaughan DE, Schleimer RP, Cho SH. A plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 inhibitor reduces airway remodeling in a murine model of chronic asthma. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2012; 46:842-6. [PMID: 22323366 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2011-0369oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 deficiency prevents collagen deposition in the airways of ovalbumin (OVA)-challenged mice. In this study, we explored the therapeutic utility of blocking PAI-1 in preventing airway remodeling, using a specific PAI-1 inhibitor, tiplaxtinin. C57BL/6J mice were immunized with intraperitoneal injections of OVA on Days 0, 3, and 6. Starting on Day 11, mice were challenged with phosphate-buffered saline or OVA by nebulization three times per week for 4 weeks. Tiplaxtinin was mixed with chow and administered orally from 1 day before the phosphate-buffered saline or OVA challenge. Lung tissues were harvested after challenge and characterized histologically for infiltrating inflammatory cells, mucus-secreting goblet cells, and collagen deposition. Airway hyperresponsiveness was measured using whole-body plethysmography. Tiplaxtinin treatment significantly decreased levels of PAI-1 activity in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids, which indicates successful blockage of PAI-1 activity in the airways. The number of infiltrated inflammatory cells was reduced by tiplaxtinin treatment in the lungs of the OVA-challenged mice. Furthermore, oral administration of tiplaxtinin significantly attenuated the degree of goblet cell hyperplasia and collagen deposition in the airways of the OVA-challenged mice, and methacholine-induced airway hyperresponsiveness was effectively reduced by tiplaxtinin in these animals. This study supports our previous findings that PAI-1 promotes airway remodeling in a murine model of chronic asthma, and suggests that PAI-1 may be a novel target of treatment of airway remodeling in asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sun H Lee
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, 676 North St. Clair Street, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic airway disease characterized by paroxysmal airflow obstruction evoked by irritative stimuli on a background of allergic lung inflammation. Currently, there is no cure for asthma, only symptomatic treatment. In recent years, our understanding of the involvement of coagulation and anticoagulant pathways, the fibrinolytic system, and platelets in the pathophysiology of asthma has increased considerably. Asthma is associated with a procoagulant state in the bronchoalveolar space, further aggravated by impaired local activities of the anticoagulant protein C system and fibrinolysis. Protease-activated receptors have been implicated as the molecular link between coagulation and allergic inflammation in asthma. This review summarizes current knowledge of the impact of the disturbed hemostatic balance in the lungs on asthma severity and manifestations and identifies new possible targets for asthma treatment.
Collapse
|
19
|
Concentrations of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) in induced sputum of asthma patients after allergen challenge. Folia Histochem Cytobiol 2011; 48:518-23. [PMID: 21478092 DOI: 10.2478/v10042-010-0075-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and its inhibitor (PAI-1) are involved in tiisue remodeling and repair processes associated with acute and chronic inflammation. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of allergen challenge on concentration of uPA and PAI-1 in induced sputum of house dust mite allergic asthmatics (HDM-AAs). Thirty HDM-AAs and ten healthy persons (HCs)were recruited for the study. In 24 HDM-AAs bronchial challenge with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Dp) and in 6 HDM-AAs sham challenege with saline were performed. In HDM-AAs sputum was induced 24 hours before (T0) and 24 hours (T24) after the challenge. Concentration of uPA and PAI-1 in induced sputum were determined using immunoenzymatic assays. At T0 in HDM-AAs mean sputum uPA (151 ± 96 pg/ml) and PAI-1 (4341 ± 1262 pg/ml) concentrations were higher than in HC (18.8 ± 6.7 pg/ml; p=0.0002 and 596 ± 180 pg/ml; p<0.0001; for uPA and PAI-1 respectively). After allergen challenge further increase in sputum uPA (187 ± 144 pg/ml; p=0.03) and PAI-1 (6252 ± 2323 pg/ml; p<0.0001) concentrations were observed. Moreover, in Dp challenged, but not in saline challenged HDM-AAs the mean uPA/PAI-1 ratio decreased significantly at T24. No significant increase in the studied parameters were found in sham challenged patients. In HDM-AAs allergen exposure leads to activation of the plasmin system in the airways. Greater increase of the PAI-1 concentration than uPA concentration after allergen challenge may promote airway remodeling and play an important role in the development of bronchial hyperreactivity.
Collapse
|
20
|
Evidence of a genetic contribution to lung function decline in asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011; 128:479-84. [PMID: 21752436 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2011] [Revised: 05/25/2011] [Accepted: 05/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
There has been great progress in identifying new asthma susceptibility genes. In asthmatic subjects there is variable airway remodeling that includes features such as smooth muscle hypertrophy/hyperplasia, basement membrane thickening, and increased extracellular matrix deposition. Does airway remodeling have a genetic contribution in asthma? Data from different murine strains suggest there is a genetic contribution to the development and progression of airway remodeling. In human subjects it is important to consider what surrogate markers of remodeling have been used in genetic studies. Baseline FEV(1) and airway hyperresponsiveness are determined by a complex interplay of factors, including nonremodeling mechanisms; however, we consider a decline in FEV(1) as a robust marker of remodeling. To date, single nucleotide polymorphisms spanning ADAM33, ESR1, PLAUR, and VEGF have been associated with an excess decline in lung function in asthmatic subjects carrying the rare alleles (FEV(1), -13.0 to 55.2 mL/y excess). Interestingly these genes have overlapping functions in proteolytic pathways in the airways. There is accumulating evidence that genetic factors are important in the development of airway remodeling in asthmatic subjects, and further longitudinal studies with additional remodeling phenotypes and genome-wide association studies will identify novel susceptibility genes, leading to new approaches to target remodeling in asthmatic subjects.
Collapse
|
21
|
Payne SC, Borish L, Steinke JW. Genetics and phenotyping in chronic sinusitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011; 128:710-20; quiz 721-2. [PMID: 21704364 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2011] [Revised: 05/06/2011] [Accepted: 05/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Chronic sinusitis with nasal polyposis historically has been treated as a single monolithic clinical disorder. Just as asthma is now accepted as numerous heterogeneous diseases, chronic sinusitis should also be viewed as comprising several diseases with varying causes, with each one characterized by distinct histologic and gene and protein expression patterns. This includes recognition of the need to define these diseases based on the presence or absence of an eosinophilic infiltrate but also on additional distinctions based on unique agents that drive their development and perpetuation. As a collection of heterogeneous diseases, proper differential diagnosis is required to delineate appropriate therapeutic intervention. This review will focus on recognized distinct presentations of chronic sinus disease, including distinguishing the clinical presentations, cellular and molecular characteristics, genetic differences, and current treatment options for each.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Spencer C Payne
- Asthma and Allergic Disease Center, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Melén E, Kho AT, Sharma S, Gaedigk R, Leeder JS, Mariani TJ, Carey VJ, Weiss ST, Tantisira KG. Expression analysis of asthma candidate genes during human and murine lung development. Respir Res 2011; 12:86. [PMID: 21699702 PMCID: PMC3141421 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-12-86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Accepted: 06/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the role of most asthma susceptibility genes during human lung development. Genetic determinants for normal lung development are not only important early in life, but also for later lung function. OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of expression patterns of well-defined asthma susceptibility genes during human and murine lung development. We hypothesized that genes influencing normal airways development would be over-represented by genes associated with asthma. METHODS Asthma genes were first identified via comprehensive search of the current literature. Next, we analyzed their expression patterns in the developing human lung during the pseudoglandular (gestational age, 7-16 weeks) and canalicular (17-26 weeks) stages of development, and in the complete developing lung time series of 3 mouse strains: A/J, SW, C57BL6. RESULTS In total, 96 genes with association to asthma in at least two human populations were identified in the literature. Overall, there was no significant over-representation of the asthma genes among genes differentially expressed during lung development, although trends were seen in the human (Odds ratio, OR 1.22, confidence interval, CI 0.90-1.62) and C57BL6 mouse (OR 1.41, CI 0.92-2.11) data. However, differential expression of some asthma genes was consistent in both developing human and murine lung, e.g. NOD1, EDN1, CCL5, RORA and HLA-G. Among the asthma genes identified in genome wide association studies, ROBO1, RORA, HLA-DQB1, IL2RB and PDE10A were differentially expressed during human lung development. CONCLUSIONS Our data provide insight about the role of asthma susceptibility genes during lung development and suggest common mechanisms underlying lung morphogenesis and pathogenesis of respiratory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erik Melén
- Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Cho S, Kang J, Lyttle C, Harris K, Daley B, Grammer L, Avila P, Kumar R, Schleimer R. Association of elevated plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 levels with diminished lung function in patients with asthma. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2011; 106:371-7. [PMID: 21530867 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2010.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2010] [Revised: 12/13/2010] [Accepted: 12/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously reported that plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) was upregulated in human asthmatic airways and promotes airway fibrosis in an allergen-challenged murine model of asthma. OBJECTIVES To examine whether elevated plasma levels of PAI-1 are associated with poor lung function in asthmatic patients. METHODS Five hundred nineteen adults were eligible for the study, and ultimately 353 adults were enrolled and completed the baseline protocol between January 24, 2004, and July 30, 2005. Of these, 231 adults with asthma from the Chicago Initiative to Raise Asthma Health Equity study were randomly selected and the plasma levels of PAI-1 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Asthma burden, medication, smoking status, and body mass index (BMI) were obtained by history and spirometry was performed. A multivariate regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association of PAI-1 levels and lung function and the potential determinant variables that were associated with PAI-1. RESULTS We found associations between PAI-1 and BMI (β = 0.606, P = .002), smoking (β = 7.526, P = .001), and African American race (β = -9.061, P = .01). Obese patients showed a significant increase in PAI-1, and current smokers demonstrated higher levels of PAI-1 compared with nonsmokers. When we evaluated the associations between lung function parameters and PAI-1, we found that PAI-1 was negatively associated with forced vital capacity (FVC) (β = -0.098, P = .011) but not with forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV(1)) or the FEV(1)/FVC ratio. There was a negative association between BMI and FVC, and PAI-1 may mediate some of this association. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests a significant association between PAI-1 and lung function in patients with asthma. The effect of obesity on FVC may in part be mediated by PAI-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seong Cho
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Armangil D, Yurdakök M, Okur H, Gürgey A. Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor I 4G/5G Polymorphism in Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2010; 17:352-7. [DOI: 10.1177/1076029610369796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrin monomers inhibit surfactant function. 4G/5G insertion/deletion polymorphism plays an important role in the regulation of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) gene expression. To examine the genotype distribution of PAI-1 polymorphism in 60 infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and 53 controls, an allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used. The proportion of 4G/4G, 4G/5G, and 5G/5G genotypes did not differ statistically between the RDS and control groups (P > .05). Having PAI-1 4G/4G genotype polymorphism appears to increase the risk of RDS (odds ratio [OR] =1.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.5-4.3), although it was not statistically significant. No relation was found between the PAI-1 4G/5G polymorphisms and RDS, but there was an increased risk associated with the 4G variant of the PAI-1 gene. We believe that our findings of increased 4G allele of the PAI-1 gene in infants with RDS would also help to clarify the pathogenesis of RDS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Didem Armangil
- Department of Pediatrics, Neonatology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey,
| | - Murat Yurdakök
- Department of Pediatrics, Neonatology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hamza Okur
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara Turkey
| | - Aytemiz Gürgey
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Cosan D, Kurt E, Kurt H, Degirmenci I, Kuçukarabaci B, Metintas M, Kucuk MU, Gunes HV, Colak E. Plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 gene 4G/5G polymorphism in Turkish adult patients with asthma. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2009; 13:543-6. [PMID: 19604112 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2009.0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM This study has been performed on asthmatic patients in the Turkish population to determine the frequency of 4G/5G polymorphism genotypes of plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 gene, and with the aim of examining the role of this polymorphism in asthma development. METHODS Genomic DNA obtained from 165 persons (98 patients with asthma and 67 healthy controls) was used in the study. DNA was multiplied with polymerase chain reaction using 4G and 5G allele-specific primers. Polymerase chain reaction products were assessed with CCD camera by being exposed to 2% agarose gel electrophoresis. Results were evaluated with chi-square test. RESULTS No statistically significant difference between the groups with respect to genotype distribution was found (p > 0.05) in the study. The 4G allele frequency was indicated as 48% and 5G allele was as 52% in patients, whereas this was 50-50% in the control group. CONCLUSION It has been established by this study that 4G/5G polymorphism genotypes of plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 gene do not play a role in the development of asthma in the Turkish population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Didem Cosan
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical Faculty, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
PLAUR polymorphisms are associated with asthma, PLAUR levels, and lung function decline. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2009; 123:1391-400.e17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2009.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2008] [Revised: 03/09/2009] [Accepted: 03/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
27
|
Ma Z, Paek D, Oh CK. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and asthma: role in the pathogenesis and molecular regulation. Clin Exp Allergy 2009; 39:1136-44. [PMID: 19438580 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2009.03272.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 is a major inhibitor of the fibrinolytic system. PAI-1 levels are markedly increased in asthmatic airways, and mast cells (MCs), a pivotal cell type in the pathogenesis of asthma, are one of the main sources of PAI-1 production. Recent studies suggest that PAI-1 may promote the development of asthma by regulating airway remodelling, airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), and allergic inflammation. The single guanosine nucleotide deletion/insertion polymorphism (4G/5G) at -675 bp of the PAI-1 gene is the major genetic determinant of PAI-1 expression. Plasma PAI-1 level is higher in people with the 4G/4G genotype than in those with the 5G/5G genotype. A strong association between the 4G/5G polymorphism and the risk and the severity of asthma has been suggested. Levels of plasma IgE and PAI-1 and severity of AHR are greater in asthmatic patients with the 4G/4G genotype than in those with the 5G/5G genotype. The PAI-1 promoter with the 4G allele renders higher transcription activity than the PAI-1 promoter with the 5G allele in stimulated MCs. The molecular mechanism for the 4G allele-mediated higher PAI-1 expression is associated with greater binding of upstream stimulatory factor-1 to the E-box adjacent to the 4G site (E-4G) than to the E-5G. In summary, PAI-1 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of asthma. Further studies evaluating the mechanisms of PAI-1 action and regulation may lead to the development of a novel prognostic factor and therapeutic target for the treatment and prevention of asthma and other PAI-1-associated diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Torrance, CA, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) in sputum of allergic asthma patients. Folia Histochem Cytobiol 2008; 46:193-8. [PMID: 18519237 DOI: 10.2478/v10042-008-0029-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and its inhibitor (PAI-1) have been associated with asthma. The aim of this study was to evaluate concentration of uPA and PAI-1 in induced sputum of house dust mite allergic asthmatics (HDM-AAs). The study was performed on 19 HDM-AAs and 8 healthy nonatopic controls (HCs). Concentration of uPA and PAI-1 was evaluated in induced sputum supernatants using ELISA method. In HDM-AAs the median sputum concentration of uPA (128 pg/ml; 95% CI 99 to 183 pg/ml) and PAI-1 (4063 pg/ml; 95%CI 3319 to 4784 pg/ml) were significantly greater than in HCs (17 pg/ml; 95%CI 12 to 32 pg/ml; p<0.001 and 626 pg/ml; 95%CI 357 to 961 pg/ml; p<0.001 for uPA and PAI-1 respectively). The sputum concentration of uPA correlated with sputum total cell count (r=0.781; p=0.0001) and with logarithmically transformed exhaled nitric oxide concentration (eNO) (r=0.486; p=0.035) but not with FEV1 or bronchial reactivity to histamine. On the contrary, the sputum PAI-1 concentration correlated with FEV1 (r=-0,718; p=0.0005) and bronchial reactivity to histamine expressed as log(PC20) (r=-0.824; p<0.0001) but did not correlate with sputum total cell count or eNO. The results of this study support previous observations linking PAI-1 with airway remodeling and uPA with cellular inflammation. Moreover, the observed effect of uPA seems to be independent of its fibrynolytic activity.
Collapse
|
29
|
Kucharewicz I, Mogielnicki A, Kasacka I, Buczko W, Bodzenta-Łukaszyk A. Plasmin system regulation in an ovalbumin-induced rat model of asthma. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2008; 147:190-6. [PMID: 18594148 DOI: 10.1159/000142041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2007] [Accepted: 02/19/2008] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND So far studies showing the role of the plasmin system in airway remodelling have been conducted using in vitro models. The aim of the present study was to determine plasmin system regulation in an in vivo rat model of asthma. METHODS Asthma in Wistar rats was induced by ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization followed by an OVA challenge (OVA/OVA, n = 6). Control groups were saline-sensitized challenged with OVA (VEH/OVA, n = 6) and OVA-sensitized challenged with saline (OVA/VEH, n = 6). Plasmin system components were determined in the plasma by ELISA. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) was localized by an immunohistochemical reaction. RESULTS Sensitization and challenge with OVA caused thickening of the airway wall, hypertrophy of smooth muscle cells, infiltration of inflammatory cells, subepithelial fibrosis, epithelial and endothelial lesions. Serum total IgE was significantly higher in OVA-sensitized rats as compared to VEH-sensitized control groups. Tissue plasminogen activator activity was significantly decreased in asthmatic animals (4.48 +/- 0.4 vs. 6.7 +/- 0.3 ng/ml for OVA/OVA and OVA/VEH; p < 0.05), and PAI-1 activity was statistically significantly higher in asthma rats (0.8 +/- 0.05 vs. 0.5 +/- 0.03 ng/ml for OVA/OVA vs. OVA/VEH; p < 0.05). alpha2-Antiplasmin was higher in rats receiving OVA sensitization than in those that were sham sensitized (p < 0.05). Immunohistochemical staining for PAI-1in the lungs of asthmatic animals showed very strong PAI-1 expression in lung inflammatory cells. CONCLUSIONS We have demonstrated for the first time the existence of PAI-1 in lung inflammatory cells of rats with asthma. This finding was consistent with the superiority of plasmin system inhibition over activation in plasma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Kucharewicz
- Department of Allergology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Binding of upstream stimulatory factor 1 to the E-box regulates the 4G/5G polymorphism-dependent plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 expression in mast cells. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2008; 121:1006-1012.e2. [PMID: 18234320 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2007.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2007] [Revised: 11/14/2007] [Accepted: 11/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 is a key regulator of the fibrinolytic system. PAI-1 levels are markedly elevated in the asthmatic airways. The 4G/5G polymorphism of the PAI-1 gene is associated with allergic asthma. OBJECTIVE To characterize the mechanisms of the 4G/5G-dependent PAI-1 expression in mast cells (MCs), a major source of PAI-1 and key effector cells in asthma. METHODS Transcription of PAI-1 was assessed by transiently transfecting human MC line (HMC-1) cells with the luciferase-tagged PAI-1 promoters containing the 4G or 5G allele (4G-PAI-1 or 5G-PAI-1 promoter). Upstream stimulatory factor (USF)-1 and the E-box interactions were studied by electrophoretic mobility shift assays and supershift assays. Expression of USF-1 was determined by Western blot analysis. RESULTS The 4G-PAI-1 promoter has higher promoter activity than the 5G-PAI-1 promoter in stimulated HMC-1 cells, and the E-box adjacent to the 4G/5G site (E-4G/5G) regulates the genotype-specific PAI-1 transcription. USF-1 binds to the E-4G with greater affinity than to the E-5G. USF-1 level is increased in HMC-1 cells after stimulation, and elevated USF-1 enhances PAI-1 transcription. Overexpression of wild-type USF-1 or dominant-negative USF remedies the 4G/5G-dependent PAI-1 transcription. CONCLUSION Binding of USF-1 to the E-4G/5G regulates the 4G/5G polymorphism-dependent PAI-1 expression in MCs.
Collapse
|
31
|
Role of Fibrinolysis in the Nasal System. RECENT ADVANCES IN THROMBOSIS AND HEMOSTASIS 2008 2008. [PMCID: PMC7121017 DOI: 10.1007/978-4-431-78847-8_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this chapter, we show the presence of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA), urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA), and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in nasal mucosa. It is suggested that t-PA synthesized in mucous cells is promptly secreted and modifies the watery nasal discharge in allergic rhinitis and that u-PA activity may help with the passage of large amounts of rhinorrhea by reducing its viscosity. Furthermore, we clarify the relation between fibrinolytic components and the pathology of allergy, particularly during the development of nasal allergy and nasal tissue changes. Wild-type (WT) mice can develop nasal allergy for ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization, but PAI-1-deficient mice (PAI-1-/-) cannot. The production of specific immunoglobulins IgG1 and IgE in the serum and production of interleukins IL-4 and IL-5 in splenocyte culture supernatant increased significantly in WT-OVA mice. In PAI-1-/- mice, these reactions were absent, and specific IgG2a in serum and interferon-γ in splenocyte culture medium increased significantly. Histopathologically, there was marked goblet cell hyperplasia and eosinophil infiltration into the nasal mucosa in WT-OVA mice, but these were absent in PAI-1-/- mice. These results indicate that the immune response in WT-OVA mice can be classified as a dominant Th2 response, which would promote collagen deposition. In contrast, the Th2 response in PAI-1-/- mice was down-regulated and the immune response shifted from Th2-dominant reaction to a Th1-dominant one. Taken together, these findings suggest that PAI-1 plays an important role not only in thrombolysis but also in the immune response.
Collapse
|
32
|
Woodruff PG, Boushey HA, Dolganov GM, Barker CS, Yang YH, Donnelly S, Ellwanger A, Sidhu SS, Dao-Pick TP, Pantoja C, Erle DJ, Yamamoto KR, Fahy JV. Genome-wide profiling identifies epithelial cell genes associated with asthma and with treatment response to corticosteroids. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:15858-63. [PMID: 17898169 PMCID: PMC2000427 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0707413104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 648] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Airway inflammation and epithelial remodeling are two key features of asthma. IL-13 and other cytokines produced during T helper type 2 cell-driven allergic inflammation contribute to airway epithelial goblet cell metaplasia and may alter epithelial-mesenchymal signaling, leading to increased subepithelial fibrosis or hyperplasia of smooth muscle. The beneficial effects of corticosteroids in asthma could relate to their ability to directly or indirectly decrease epithelial cell activation by inflammatory cells and cytokines. To identify markers of epithelial cell dysfunction and the effects of corticosteroids on epithelial cells in asthma, we studied airway epithelial cells collected from asthmatic subjects enrolled in a randomized controlled trial of inhaled corticosteroids, from healthy subjects and from smokers (disease control). By using gene expression microarrays, we found that chloride channel, calcium-activated, family member 1 (CLCA1), periostin, and serine peptidase inhibitor, clade B (ovalbumin), member 2 (serpinB2) were up-regulated in asthma but not in smokers. Corticosteroid treatment down-regulated expression of these three genes and markedly up-regulated expression of FK506-binding protein 51 (FKBP51). Whereas high baseline expression of CLCA1, periostin, and serpinB2 was associated with a good clinical response to corticosteroids, high expression of FKBP51 was associated with a poor response. By using airway epithelial cells in culture, we found that IL-13 increased expression of CLCA1, periostin, and serpinB2, an effect that was suppressed by corticosteroids. Corticosteroids also induced expression of FKBP51. Taken together, our findings show that airway epithelial cells in asthma have a distinct activation profile and identify direct and cell-autonomous effects of corticosteroid treatment on airway epithelial cells that relate to treatment responses and can now be the focus of specific mechanistic studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prescott G. Woodruff
- *Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, and
| | - Homer A. Boushey
- *Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, and
| | | | | | - Yee Hwa Yang
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | - Carlos Pantoja
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - David J. Erle
- *Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and
- **Lung Biology Center, Department of Medicine
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, and
| | - Keith R. Yamamoto
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- To whom correspondence may be addressed at:
University of California at San Francisco, Box 2280, Genentech Hall S572D, 600 16th Street, San Francisco, CA 94158-2517. E-mail:
| | - John V. Fahy
- *Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, and
- To whom correspondence may be addressed at:
University of California at San Francisco, Box 0130, 505 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Kowal K, Bodzenta-Lukaszyk A, Pampuch A, Szmitkowski M, Donati MB, Iacoviello L. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 plasma concentration in allergic asthma patients during allergen challenge. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2007; 144:240-6. [PMID: 17579282 DOI: 10.1159/000103998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2006] [Accepted: 03/28/2007] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The -675 4G/5G plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) polymorphism is linked with asthma and bronchial hyperreactivity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of allergen challenge on plasma PAI-1 concentration in relation to the -675 4G/5G PAI-1 gene polymorphism in house dust mite-allergic asthma patients (HDM-AAs). MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was performed in 54 HDM-AAs and 54 healthy nonatopic controls (HCs). Plasma samples were collected in HDM-AAs before, as well as 30 min, 6 h and 24 h after allergen challenge and at corresponding time points in sham-challenged HCs. RESULTS In subjects carrying the individual PAI-1 genotype, the mean baseline plasma PAI-1 concentration was greater in HDM-AAs than in HCs. At 30 min the mean increase in plasma PAI-1 concentration was significantly greater in HDM-AAs (14.4 +/- 12.9 ng/ml) than in HCs (3.4 +/- 3.2 ng/ml; p < 0.001). At 6 h, plasma PAI-1 concentration greater than before challenge was found in only 4 HCs (7.4%) but in 48 HDM-AAs (88.9%; p < 0.0001). An increase in plasma PAI-1 concentration at 6 h was found in all HDM-AAs carrying the 4G allele but only in 33.3% of the 5G homozygotes (p < 0.0001). The strongest correlation was found between log PC20 and PAI-1 plasma concentration over the period of 24 h (r = -0.507; p = 0.0001). CONCLUSION Changes in plasma PAI-1 concentration associated with allergen-induced bronchoconstriction are modulated by the -675 4G/5G polymorphism of the PAI-1 gene. Allergen-induced upregulation of PAI-1 synthesis may participate in the development of bronchial hyperreactivity in HDM-AAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Kowal
- Department of Allergology and Internal Medicines, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Hizawa N, Maeda Y, Konno S, Fukui Y, Takahashi D, Nishimura M. Genetic polymorphisms at FCER1B and PAI-1 and asthma susceptibility. Clin Exp Allergy 2007; 36:872-6. [PMID: 16839401 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2006.02413.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously detected a promoter polymorphism (- 109C/T) in the gene for the beta-chain of the high-affinity receptor for IgE (FCER1B), which was associated with total serum IgE levels but not with asthma in a Japanese population. A genetic interaction is biologically plausible between FcepsilonRI-beta and the plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), which is highly expressed in mast cells in asthmatics and plays an essential role in airway remodelling. We hypothesized that FCER1B promoter polymorphisms, by modifying the intensity of mast cell activation signals, modulate the genetic effects of a functional 4G/5G polymorphism in the PAI-1 gene on asthma. OBJECTICIVE: To examine whether FCER1B promoter polymorphisms (- 109C/T and - 654C/T) influence the genetic effects of the functional polymorphism (4G/5G) at the PAI-1 promoter region on asthma susceptibility using a case-control analysis. METHODS Subjects (374 asthmatic patients and 374 non-asthmatic controls) were divided into combined genotype groups based on the presence of FCER1B - 109TT and - 654CC genotypes and the PAI-1 4G allele. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios for asthma associated with the different genotype groups. RESULTS Individuals homozygous for the FCER1B - 109T/ - 654C haplotype and the PAI - 1 5G allele had a reduced susceptibility to asthma; the odds ratio for the development of asthma was 0.20 (95% confidence interval, 0.084 - 0.46; P = 0.00015) for them, compared with individuals also homozygous for the - 109T/- 654C haplotype at FCER1B but carrying the 4G allele at PAI-1. The regression model also showed an interaction of the PAI-1 4G/5G genotype with the FCER1B-109C/T (P for interaction = 0.0017) or FCER1B-654C/T (P for interaction = 0.031) on asthma. CONCLUSION The present findings suggest a synergistic interaction between FCER1B and PAI-1 genes in asthma susceptibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Hizawa
- First Department of Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
de Alarcón A, Steinke JW, Caughey R, Barekzi E, Hise K, Gross CW, Han JK, Borish L. Expression of leukotriene C4 synthase and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 gene promoter polymorphisms in sinusitis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 20:545-9. [PMID: 17063752 DOI: 10.2500/ajr.2006.20.2934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have described polymorphisms in genes involved with both leukotriene synthesis and remodeling. Leukotriene C4 synthase (LTC4S) is the critical terminal pathway enzyme involved in regulation of cysteinyl leukotriene (CysLT) synthesis. An A-to-C base exchange in the promoter region of the LTC4S gene influences its expression. The plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) 1 gene is associated with tissue fibrosis. The presence of either 4G or 5G residues in the promoter region has been associated with altered transcription. The role of these polymorphisms was investigated in patients with sinusitis and polyps. We performed a prospective study of patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery at a university hospital between 1996 and 2004. METHODS Demographic data and sinus tissue were collected from patients. Patients were classified into four groups: controls, chronic hyperplastic eosinophilic sinusitis (CHES), aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD), and chronic inflammatory sinusitis (CIS). DNA was analyzed for the LTC4S and the PAI-1 promoter polymorphisms using standard PCR techniques. RESULTS There were 133 patients with 76 women and 57 men (mean age, 42 years). Sixty-six people were in the control group, 16 people were in the CIS group, 51 people were in the CHES group, and 22 people were in the AERD group. The LTC4S allelic frequencies were controls, A = 0.81 and C = 0.19; CIS, A = 0.73 and C = 0.27; CHES, A = 0.69 and C = 0.31; AERD, A = 0.67 and C = 0.33. The C allele was more frequent in CHES versus controls (p = 0.04). The PAI-1 allele frequencies were controls, 5G = 0.55 and 4G = 0.45; CIS, 5G = 0.47 and 4G = 0.53; CHES, 5G = 0.56 and 4G = 0.44; AERD, 5G = 0.54 and 4G = 0.46. Increased expression of the 4G allele of the PAI-1 gene was observed in CIS; however, this genetic variance between the four groups was not statistically different (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION There appears to be a genetic component that contributes to nasal polyp formation in sinusitis. Although the LTC4S polymorphism has previously been associated with aspirin-sensitive asthma, this is the first demonstration that the polymorphism is associated with CHES and this is independent of aspirin sensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro de Alarcón
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Virginia Health Sciences System, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
This paper reviews four serine protease inhibitors and three protease gene defects that are associated with allergic conditions, suggesting an important role for these genes and their products in the development of allergy. Serine protease inhibitors may have a therapeutic potential in the treatment of allergy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P K Smith
- Bond University Medical School, Robina, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
The past decade has confronted us with a striking abundance of novel findings regarding the roles of mast cells in immune responses in health and disease. Newly developed models and techniques have enabled clear-cut dissection of the mast cell contribution in these settings. We now understand that mast cells possess critical effector functions not only within the traditional context of allergic reactions. It is likely that mast cells played pivotal roles in primitive immune systems, yet these functions have been masked in the recent eras by newer immune functions, such as adaptive immunity. Conceivably, mast cells should be refocused on so as to obtain new insights about diverse pathologic conditions, ultimately leading to novel therapeutic approaches targeting these fascinating cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ido Bachelet
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, The Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Ein-Kerem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Chang LC, Tseng JC, Hua CC, Liu YC, Shieh WB, Wu HP. Gene polymorphisms of fibrinolytic enzymes in coal workers' pneumoconiosis. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 2006; 61:61-6. [PMID: 17649957 DOI: 10.3200/aeoh.61.2.61-66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The authors assessed the gene polymorphisms of missense C/T polymorphism in exon 6 of the urokinase-plasminogen activator (PLAU) gene (PLAU P141L), Alu-repeat in intron 8 of the tissue-type plasminogen activator (PLAT) gene (PLAT TPA25 Alu insertion), and 4G/5G in the promoter region of the serine proteinase inhibitor, clade E (SERPINE) or plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 gene (SERPINE1 -675 4G/5G) in 153 healthy volunteers and 154 retired coal miners with coal miners' pneumoconiosis (CWP). The CWP subjects included 94 individuals with simple pneumoconiosis and 60 individuals with progressive massive fibrosis presenting with worse pulmonary function. The distributions of genotypes of these three genes did not differ between the control and CWP subjects or between subjects with simple pneumoconiosis and those with progressive massive fibrosis. However, by assessing duration of work and its interaction with genotypes by means of logistic regression, the authors found the missense C/T polymorphism in exon 6 of the PLAU gene to be an effect modifier of the association between work duration and the development of progressive massive fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Che Chang
- Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung and Chang Gung University, Keelung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Pampuch A, Kowal K, Bodzenta-Lukaszyk A, Di Castelnuovo A, Chyczewski L, Donati MB, Iacoviello L. The -675 4G/5G plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 promoter polymorphism in house dust mite-sensitive allergic asthma patients. Allergy 2006; 61:234-8. [PMID: 16409202 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2005.00948.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 plays an important role in inflammation and tissue remodeling. Recently, the -675 4G/5G PAI-1 polymorphism has been linked with asthma. OBJECTIVE This study was undertaken to evaluate associations of the -675 4G/5G PAI-1 polymorphism with functional and immunologic parameters of newly diagnosed house dust mite-sensitive allergic asthmatics (HDM-AAs). METHODS This study was performed in 127 HDM-AAs, who responded with at least 20% fall of forced expiratory volume during the first second (FEV(1)) to a bronchial challenge with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus allergen and during the follow up observation fulfilled GINA criteria for mild-moderate asthma. About 89 healthy control nonatopic subjects (HCs) were used as controls. RESULTS The frequency of 4G allele was greater in HDM-AAs (0.69; 95% CI: 0.62-0.76) than in HCs (0.55; 95% CI: 0.48-0.62; P = 0.0034). The PAI-1 polymorphism was associated with an increased risk of HDM-AA; adjusted for sex and age odds ratio was 2.62; (95% CI: 1.16-5.92) for 4G/5G genotype and 3.48 (95% CI: 1.54-7.89) for 4G/4G genotype compared with 5G/5G genotype. Total serum immunoglobulin E (tsIgE) level in 4G/4G homozygotes (557 +/- 343 kU/l) was significantly greater than in 5G/5G homozygotes (241 +/- 288 kU/l; P < 0.001). Both nonspecific and allergen-specific bronchial reactivities were greater in 4G/4G homozygotes than in 5G/5G homozygotes. 4G/4G genotype was associated with significantly higher morning plasma PAI-1 concentration in HDM-AAs and HCs. Morning plasma PAI-1 concentration correlated significantly with log(PC20) (r = -0.39; P = 0.0001) and with log(tsIgE) (r = 0.247; P = 0.0117). CONCLUSION These results support the hypothesis linking the 4G/4G PAI-1 genotype with an increased risk of allergic asthma, bronchial hyperreactivity, and increased tsIgE levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Pampuch
- Department of Allergology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Sejima T, Madoiwa S, Mimuro J, Sugo T, Okada K, Ueshima S, Matsuo O, Ishida T, Ichimura K, Sakata Y. Protection of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1-deficient mice from nasal allergy. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2005; 174:8135-43. [PMID: 15944322 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.174.12.8135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study was performed to clarify the relationship between fibrinolytic components and the pathology of allergy, particularly that during the development of nasal allergy and nasal tissue changes. Intranasal OVA challenge after sensitization by i.p. administration of OVA induced a higher level of excess subepithelial collagen deposition in wild-type (WT) C57BL/6J mice than in plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1-deficient (PAI-1(-/-)) mice. The excess PAI-1 induction in the nasal mucosa and higher level of active PAI-1 in the nasal lavage fluid of WT-OVA mice compared with those in WT-control mice suggested that the decrease of proteolytic activity inhibits the removal of subepithelial collagen. The frequency of sneezing, nasal rubbing, nasal hyperresponsiveness, production of specific IgG1 and IgE in the serum, and production of IL-4 and IL-5 in splenocyte culture supernatant increased significantly in WT-OVA mice. In PAI-1(-/-) mice, these reactions were absent, and specific IgG2a in serum and IFN-gamma in splenocyte culture medium increased significantly. Histopathologically, there were marked goblet cell hyperplasia and eosinophil infiltration into the nasal mucosa in WT-OVA mice, but these were absent in PAI-1(-/-) mice. These results indicate that the immune response in WT-OVA mice can be classified as a dominant Th2 response, which would promote collagen deposition. In contrast, the Th2 response in PAI-1(-/-) mice was down-regulated, and the immune response shifted from Th2-dominant reaction to a Th1-dominant one. Taken together, these findings suggest that PAI-1 plays an important role not only in thrombolysis but also in immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Sejima
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, and Division of Cell and Molecular Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical School, International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Tochigi, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
In several clinical disorders, there are interactions between inflammation-dependent tissue injury and thrombin formation, fibrin deposition, and impaired fibrinolysis. New evidence generated from a mouse model of allergic airway hyperreactivity suggests that disordered coagulation and fibrinolysis may contribute to the pathogenesis of asthma. The inflammatory mechanisms that lead to airway smooth muscle contraction and airway hyperresponsiveness may be associated with accumulation of extravascular fibrin, plasma exudates, and inflammatory cells that can lead to airway closure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Matthay
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, 94143-0130, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Wagers SS, Norton RJ, Rinaldi LM, Bates JHT, Sobel BE, Irvin CG. Extravascular fibrin, plasminogen activator, plasminogen activator inhibitors, and airway hyperresponsiveness. J Clin Invest 2004; 114:104-11. [PMID: 15232617 PMCID: PMC437962 DOI: 10.1172/jci19569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2003] [Accepted: 04/20/2004] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms underlying airway hyperresponsiveness are not yet fully elucidated. One of the manifestations of airway inflammation is leakage of diverse plasma proteins into the airway lumen. They include fibrinogen and thrombin. Thrombin cleaves fibrinogen to form fibrin, a major component of thrombi. Fibrin inactivates surfactant. Surfactant on the airway surface maintains airway patency by lowering surface tension. In this study, immunohistochemically detected fibrin was seen along the luminal surface of distal airways in a patient who died of status asthmaticus and in mice with induced allergic airway inflammation. In addition, we observed altered airway fibrinolytic system protein balance consistent with promotion of fibrin deposition in mice with allergic airway inflammation. The airways of mice were exposed to aerosolized fibrinogen, thrombin, or to fibrinogen followed by thrombin. Only fibrinogen followed by thrombin resulted in airway hyperresponsiveness compared with controls. An aerosolized fibrinolytic agent, tissue-type plasminogen activator, significantly diminished airway hyperresponsiveness in mice with allergic airway inflammation. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that leakage of fibrinogen and thrombin and their accumulation on the airway surface can contribute to the pathogenesis of airway hyperresponsiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scott S Wagers
- Vermont Lung Center, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont 05405-0075, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
|
44
|
Wagers SS, Norton RJ, Rinaldi LM, Bates JH, Sobel BE, Irvin CG. Extravascular fibrin, plasminogen activator, plasminogen activator inhibitors, and airway hyperresponsiveness. J Clin Invest 2004. [DOI: 10.1172/jci200419569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
|
45
|
Kucharewicz I, Kowal K, Buczko W, Bodzenta-Łukaszyk A. The plasmin system in airway remodeling. Thromb Res 2004; 112:1-7. [PMID: 15013265 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2003.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2003] [Revised: 10/14/2003] [Accepted: 10/15/2003] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that the plasmin system plays an active role in tissue remodeling. Plasmin degrades the extracellular matrix (ECM), either directly removing glycoproteins from ECM or by activating matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). PAI-1 blocking MMPs may prevent ECM degradation, but inhibiting fibrinolysis leads to fibrin accumulation and fibrosis. Components of the plasmin system including tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), urokinase plasminogen activator (u-PA), and plasminogen activator inhibitors PAI-1 and PAI-2 are synthesised by airway cells, and inflammatory mediators affect their expression. The plasmin system, in turn, actively influences the production of inflammatory mediators and growth factors, extending pathological structural changes in the airway. Modulation of the plasmin system might be a new pharmacological strategy that could inhibit the development of airway remodeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Kucharewicz
- Department of Allergology and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Sklodowska-Curie Street 24a, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Cho SH, Ryu CH, Oh CK. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in the pathogenesis of asthma. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2004; 229:138-46. [PMID: 14734792 DOI: 10.1177/153537020422900202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 is the main inhibitor of the fibrinolytic system and is known to play an essential role in tissue remodeling. Recent evidence indicates that chronic asthma may lead to tissue remodeling such as subepithelial fibrosis and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition in the airways. However, the role of PAI-1 in asthma is unknown. Recently the mast cell (MC), which plays a major role in asthma, was found as a novel source of PAI-1, and a large number of MCs expressing PAI-1 are infiltrated in the airways of patients with severe asthma. Furthermore, PAI-1-deficient mice show reduced ECM deposition in the airways of a murine model of chronic asthma by inhibiting MMP-9 activity and fibrinolysis. In a human study, the 4G allele frequency was significantly higher in the asthmatic patients than in the control group. In view of the findings that the 4G allele is associated with elevated plasma PAI-1 level, elevated PAI-1 level in the lung may contribute to the development of asthma. In summary, PAI-1 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of asthma and further studies evaluating the mechanisms of PAI-1 action may lead to the development of a novel therapeutic target for the treatment and prevention of asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seong H Cho
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles School of Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 90509, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Savov JD, Brass DM, Berman KG, McElvania E, Schwartz DA. Fibrinolysis in LPS-induced chronic airway disease. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2003; 285:L940-8. [PMID: 12818888 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00102.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
To examine the role of the fibrinolytic system in LPS-induced airway disease, we compared the effect of a chronic LPS challenge in plasminogen activator inhibitor-deficient (C57BL/6JPAI-1-/-) mice and wild-type (WT) C57BL/6J mice. Physiological and biological assessments were performed, immediately after, and 4 wk after an 8-wk exposure to LPS or saline. Immediately after the LPS exposure, WT mice had increased estimates of airway reactivity to methacholine compared with C57BL/6JPAI-1-/- mice; however, airway inflammation was similar in both LPS-exposed groups. Significant increases in both active transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 and active matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 was detected after LPS exposure in WT but not C57BL/6JPAI-1-/- mice. C57BL/6JPAI-1-/- mice showed significantly less TGF-beta1 in the lavage and higher MMP-9 in the lung tissue than WT mice at the end of exposure and 4 wk later. After LPS exposure, both WT and C57BL/6JPAI-1-/- mice had substantial expansion of the subepithelial area of the medium [diameter (d) = 90-129 microm]- and large (d > 129 microm)-size airways when compared with saline-exposed mice. Subepithelial fibrin deposition was prevalent in WT mice but diminished in C57BL/6JPAI-1-/-. PAI-1 expression by nonciliated bronchial epithelial cells was enhanced in LPS-exposed WT mice compared with the saline-exposed group. Four weeks after LPS inhalation, airway hyperreactivity and the expansion of the subepithelial area in the medium and large airways persisted in WT but not C57BL/6JPAI-1-/- mice. We conclude that an active fibrinolytic system can substantially alter the development and resolution of the postinflammatory airway remodeling observed after chronic LPS inhalation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan D Savov
- Duke Univ. Medical Center, P. O. Box 2629, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Marshall LJ, Ramdin LSP, Brooks T, DPhil PC, Shute JK. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 supports IL-8-mediated neutrophil transendothelial migration by inhibition of the constitutive shedding of endothelial IL-8/heparan sulfate/syndecan-1 complexes. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2003; 171:2057-65. [PMID: 12902511 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.171.4.2057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The endothelium is the primary barrier to leukocyte recruitment at sites of inflammation. Neutrophil recruitment is directed by transendothelial gradients of IL-8 that, in vivo, are bound to the endothelial cell surface. We have investigated the identity and function of the binding site(s) in an in vitro model of neutrophil transendothelial migration. In endothelial culture supernatants, IL-8 was detected in a trimolecular complex with heparan sulfate and syndecan-1. Constitutive shedding of IL-8 in this form was increased in the presence of a neutralizing Ab to plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), indicating a role for endothelial plasminogen activator in the shedding of IL-8. Increased shedding of IL-8/heparan sulfate/syndecan-1 complexes was accompanied by inhibition of neutrophil transendothelial migration, and aprotinin, a potent plasmin inhibitor, reversed this inhibition. Platelets, added as an exogenous source of PAI-1, had no effect on shedding of the complexes or neutrophil migration. Our results indicate that IL-8 is immobilized on the endothelial cell surface through binding to syndecan-1 ectodomains, and that plasmin, generated by endothelial plasminogen activator, induces the shedding of this form of IL-8. PAI-1 appears to stabilize the chemoattractant form of IL-8 at the cell surface and may represent a therapeutic target for novel anti-inflammatory strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay J Marshall
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, Hampshire, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Kim KK, Flaherty KR, Long Q, Hattori N, Sisson TH, Colby TV, Travis WD, Martinez FJ, Murray S, Simon RH. A Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Promoter Polymorphism and Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonia. Mol Med 2003. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03402107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
|
50
|
Oh CK, Ariue B, Alban RF, Shaw B, Cho SH. PAI-1 promotes extracellular matrix deposition in the airways of a murine asthma model. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2002; 294:1155-60. [PMID: 12074598 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(02)00577-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and ineffective fibrinolysis are associated with the deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM). We hypothesized that elevated plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 promotes ECM deposition in the asthmatic airway by inhibiting MMP-9 activity and fibrinolysis. Degree of airway inflammation was similar in PAI-1(-/-) and wild type (WT) mice after ovalbumin (OVA) challenge. PAI-1 production, deposition of collagen and fibrin, and MMP-9 activity in the lung tissue or airways were greater after OVA challenge compared with saline challenge. However, in PAI-1(-/-) mice, collagen deposition was 2-fold less, fibrin deposition was 4-fold less, and MMP-9 activity was 3-fold higher. This is the first direct evidence that the plasmin system regulates ECM deposition in the airways of a murine asthma model, independently of the effect of PAI-1 on inflammatory cells. The results suggest that the PAI-1-dependent inhibition of MMP-9 activity and fibrinolysis is a major mechanism by which ECM deposition occurs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chad K Oh
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, UCLA School of Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, School of Medicine, University of California, Bldg. N25, 1000 W. Carson St., Los Angeles, Torrance, CA 90509, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|