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Mierzejewski K, Gerwel Z, Kurzyńska A, Golubska M, Bogacka I. In vitro effects of PPAR gamma ligands on gene expression in corpus luteum explants in non-pregnant pigs - Transcriptome analysis. Theriogenology 2023; 203:69-81. [PMID: 36977370 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
The corpus luteum (CL) is a temporary endocrine structure in the female ovaries that develops cyclically in mature females during luteinization. This study aimed to determine the in vitro effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) ligands on the transcriptomic profile of the porcine CL in the mid- and late-luteal phase of the estrous cycle using RNA-seq technology. The CL slices were incubated in the presence of PPARγ agonist - pioglitazone or antagonist - T0070907. We identified 40 differentially expressed genes after treatment with pioglitazone and 40 after treatment with T0070907 in the mid-luteal phase as well as 26 after pioglitazone and 29 after T0070907 treatment in the late-luteal phase of the estrous cycle. In addition, we detected differences in gene expression between the mid- and late-luteal phase without treatment (409 differentially expressed genes). This study revealed a number of novel candidate genes that may play a role in controlling the function of CL by regulating signaling pathways related to ovarian steroidogenesis, metabolic processes, cell differentiation, apoptosis, and immune responses. These findings become a basis for further studies to explain the mechanism of PPARγ action in the reproductive system.
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Nousbeck J, McAleer MA, Irvine AD. Peripheral Blood Gene Expression Profile of Infants with Atopic Dermatitis. JID INNOVATIONS 2023; 3:100165. [PMID: 36699197 PMCID: PMC9868882 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjidi.2022.100165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
To enhance the understanding of molecular mechanisms and mine previously unidentified biomarkers of pediatric atopic dermatitis, PBMC gene expression profiles were generated by RNA sequencing in infants with atopic dermatitis and age-matched controls. A total of 178 significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (115 upregulations and 63 downregulations) were seen, compared with those in healthy controls. The DEGs identified included IL1β, TNF, TREM1, IL18R1, and IL18RAP. DEGs were validated by real-time RT- qPCR in a larger number of samples from PBMCs of infants with atopic dermatitis aged <12 months. Using the DAVID (Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery) database, functional and pathway enrichment analyses of DEGs were performed. Gene ontology enrichment analysis showed that DEGs were associated with immune responses, inflammatory responses, regulation of immune responses, and platelet activation. Pathway analysis indicated that DEGs were enriched in cytokine‒cytokine receptor interaction, immunoregulatory interactions between lymphoid and nonlymphoid cells, hematopoietic cell lineage, phosphoinositide 3-kinase‒protein kinase B signaling pathway, NK cell‒mediated cytotoxicity, and platelet activation. Furthermore, the protein‒protein interaction network was predicted using the STRING (Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins) database and visualized with Cytoscape software. Finally, on the basis of the protein‒protein interaction network, 18 hub genes were selected, and two significant modules were obtained. In conclusion, this study sheds light on the molecular mechanisms of pediatric atopic dermatitis and may provide diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janna Nousbeck
- National Children's Research Centre, Dublin, Ireland.,Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Maeve A McAleer
- National Children's Research Centre, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Paediatric Dermatology, Children's Health Ireland at Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alan D Irvine
- National Children's Research Centre, Dublin, Ireland.,Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Paediatric Dermatology, Children's Health Ireland at Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
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Acne Vulgaris, Atopic Dermatitis and Rosacea: The Role of the Skin Microbiota-A Review. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102523. [PMID: 36289784 PMCID: PMC9599554 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin harbors a huge number of different microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi and viruses, and it acts as a protective shield to prevent the invasion of pathogens and to maintain the health of the commensal microbiota. Several studies, in fact, have shown the importance of the skin microbiota for healthy skin. However, this balance can be altered by intrinsic and extrinsic factors, leading to the development of skin disease, such as acne vulgaris (AV), atopic dermatitis (AD) and rosacea(RS). Although these diseases are widespread and affect both adolescents and adults, the scientific correlation between these disorders and the skin microbiota and physiological parameters (TEWL, hydration and lipid composition) is still unclear. This review aims to investigate the current literature regarding the correlation between the skin microbiota and its imbalance underlying microbiological aspects, how the skin microbiota changes over the course of the disease and the current possible treatments. The following reported studies show a general imbalance of the bacterial flora. For this reason, more in-depth studies are necessary to explore the different subspecies and strains involved in all three diseases.
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Alsabbagh M, Ismaeel A. The role of cytokines in atopic dermatitis: a breakthrough in immunopathogenesis and treatment. ACTA DERMATOVENEROLOGICA ALPINA PANNONICA ET ADRIATICA 2022. [DOI: 10.15570/actaapa.2022.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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de Bakker E, van der Putten MAM, Heymans MW, Spiekstra SW, Waaijman T, Butzelaar L, Negenborn VL, Beekman VK, Akpinar EO, Rustemeyer T, Niessen FB, Gibbs S. Prognostic tools for hypertrophic scar formation based on fundamental differences in systemic immunity. Exp Dermatol 2021; 30:169-178. [PMID: 32618380 PMCID: PMC7818462 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Unpredictable hypertrophic scarring (HS) occurs after approximately 35% of all surgical procedures and causes significant physical and psychological complaints. Parallel to the need to understanding the mechanisms underlying HS formation, a prognostic tool is needed. The objective was to determine whether (systemic) immunological differences exist between patients who develop HS and those who develop normotrophic scars (NS) and to assess whether those differences can be used to identify patients prone to developing HS. A prospective cohort study with NS and HS groups in which (a) cytokine release by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and (b) the irritation threshold (IT) after an irritant (sodium lauryl sulphate) patch test was evaluated. Univariate regression analysis of PBMC cytokine secretion showed that low MCP-1, IL-8, IL-18 and IL-23 levels have a strong correlation with HS (P < .010-0.004; AUC = 0.790-0.883). Notably, combinations of two or three cytokines (TNF-a, MCP-1 and IL-23; AUC: 0.942, Nagelkerke R2 : 0.727) showed an improved AUC indicating a better correlation with HS than single cytokine analysis. These combination models produce good prognostic results over a broad probability range (sensitivity: 93.8%, specificity 86.7%, accuracy 90,25% between probability 0.3 and 0.7). Furthermore, the HS group had a lower IT than the NS group and an accuracy of 68%. In conclusion, very fundamental immunological differences exist between individuals who develop HS and those who do not, whereas the cytokine assay forms the basis of a predictive prognostic test for HS formation, the less invasive, easily performed irritant skin patch test is more accessible for daily practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik de Bakker
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand SurgeryAmsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdam Movement SciencesAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and ImmunologAmsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdam Movement SciencesAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Mirthe A. M. van der Putten
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand SurgeryAmsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdam Movement SciencesAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Plastic surgeryOLVG HospitalAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Martijn W. Heymans
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsAmsterdam UMCThe Netherlands
| | - Sander W. Spiekstra
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and ImmunologAmsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdam Movement SciencesAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Taco Waaijman
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and ImmunologAmsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdam Movement SciencesAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Liselotte Butzelaar
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand SurgeryAmsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdam Movement SciencesAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Vera L. Negenborn
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand SurgeryAmsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdam Movement SciencesAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Vivian K. Beekman
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand SurgeryAmsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdam Movement SciencesAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Erman O. Akpinar
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand SurgeryAmsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdam Movement SciencesAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Thomas Rustemeyer
- Department of DermatologyAmsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdam Movement SciencesAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Frank B. Niessen
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand SurgeryAmsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdam Movement SciencesAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Susan Gibbs
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and ImmunologAmsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdam Movement SciencesAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Oral Cell BiologyAcademic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdam Movement SciencesAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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Styrczewska M, Zuk M, Boba A, Zalewski I, Kulma A. Use of Natural Components Derived from Oil Seed Plants for Treatment of Inflammatory Skin Diseases. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:2241-2263. [PMID: 31333096 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190716111700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of inflammatory skin diseases is increasing, so the search for relevant therapeutics is of major concern. Plants are rich in phytochemicals which can alleviate many symptoms. In this review, we concentrate on compounds found in the seeds of widely cultivated plants, regularly used for oil production. The oils from these plants are often used to alleviate the symptoms of inflammatory diseases through synergetic action of unsaturated fatty acids and other phytochemicals most commonly derived from the terpenoid pathway. The knowledge of the chemical composition of oil seeds and the understanding of the mechanisms of action of single components should allow for a more tailored approach for the treatment for many diseases. In many cases, these seeds could serve as an efficient material for the isolation of pure phytochemicals. Here we present the content of phytochemicals, assumed to be responsible for healing properties of plant oils in a widely cultivated oil seed plants and review the proposed mechanism of action for fatty acids, selected mono-, sesqui-, di- and triterpenes, carotenoids, tocopherol and polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Styrczewska
- Department of Genetic Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, Wroclaw University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Zuk
- Department of Genetic Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, Wroclaw University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Boba
- Department of Genetic Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, Wroclaw University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Iwan Zalewski
- Department of Genetic Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, Wroclaw University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Kulma
- Department of Genetic Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, Wroclaw University, Wroclaw, Poland
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Enhanced Expression of IL-18 and IL-18BP in Plasma of Patients with Eczema: Altered Expression of IL-18BP and IL-18 Receptor on Mast Cells. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:3090782. [PMID: 28839348 PMCID: PMC5559929 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3090782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-18 has been found to be associated with eczema. However, little is known of the role of IL-18 binding protein (BP) and IL-18 receptor (R) in eczema. We therefore investigated the expression of IL-18, IL-18BP, and IL-18R on mast cells by using flow cytometry analysis and mouse eczema model. The results showed that plasma free IL-18 and free IL-18BP levels in eczema patients were higher than those in healthy controls. IL-18 provoked up to 3.1-fold increase in skin mast cells. IL-18 induced also an increase in IL-18BP+ mast cells, but a reduction of IL-18R+ mast cells in mouse eczema skin. It was found that house dust mite allergen Der p1 and egg allergen OVA induced upregulation of the expression of IL-18, IL-18BP, and IL-18R mRNAs in HMC-1 cells following 2 and 16 h incubation. In conclusion, correlation of IL-18 and IL-18BP in eczema plasma suggests an important balance between IL-18 and IL-18BP in eczema. The decrease in molar concentration ratio of plasma IL-18BP/IL-18 and allergen-induced upregulated expression of IL-18 and IL-18R in skin mast cells of the patients with eczema suggests that anti-IL-18 including IL-18BP therapy may be useful for the treatment of eczema.
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Hon KL, Tsang KYC, Kung JSC, Leung TF, Lam CWK, Wong CK. Clinical Signs, Staphylococcus and Atopic Eczema-Related Seromarkers. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22020291. [PMID: 28216598 PMCID: PMC6155888 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22020291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood eczema or atopic dermatitis (AD) is a distressing disease associated with pruritus, sleep disturbance, impaired quality of life and Staphylococcus aureus isolation. The pathophysiology of AD is complex and various seromarkers of immunity are involved. We investigated if anti-staphylococcal enterotoxin IgE (anti-SE), selected seromarkers of T regulatory (Treg), T helper (Th) and antigen-presenting cells (APC) are associated with clinical signs of disease severity and quality of life. Disease severity was assessed with the Scoring Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) index, and quality of life with the Children's Dermatology Life Quality Index (CDLQI) in AD patients ≤18 years old. Concentrations of anti-staphylococcus enterotoxin A and B immunoglobulin E (anti-SEA and anti-SEB), selected Treg/Th/APC chemokines, skin hydration and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) were measured in these patients. Forty patients with AD [median (interquartile range) age of 13.1 (7.9) years) were recruited. Backward stepwise linear regression (controlling for age, personal allergic rhinitis and asthma, and other blood markers) showed the serum anti-SEB level was positively associated with S. aureus and S. epidermidis isolations, objective SCORAD, clinical signs and CDLQI. TNF-α (a Th1 cytokine) was positively associated with objective SCORAD (B = 4.935, p = 0.010), TGF-β (a Treg cytokine) negatively with disease extent (B = -0.015, p = 0.001), IL-18 (an APC cytokine) positively with disease extent (B = 0.438, p = 0.001) and with TEWL (B = 0.040, p = 0.010), and IL-23 (an APC cytokine) negatively with disease extent (B = -2.812, p = 0.006) and positively with pruritus (B = 0.387, p = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS Blood levels of anti-SEB, Th1, Treg and APC cytokines are correlated with various clinical signs of AD. AD is a systemic immunologic disease involving Staphylococcus aureus, cellular, humoral, cytokine and chemokine pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kam Lun Hon
- Department of Pediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Kathy Yin Ching Tsang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Jeng Sum C Kung
- Department of Pediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Ting Fan Leung
- Department of Pediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Christopher W K Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China.
| | - Chun Kwok Wong
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China.
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Zhu SL, Zhao Y, Hu XY, Luo T, Chen ZS, Zhang Y, Yang SH, Zhou L, Li LQ. Genetic polymorphisms -137 (rs187238) and -607 (rs1946518) in the interleukin-18 promoter may not be associated with development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39404. [PMID: 28000712 PMCID: PMC5175127 DOI: 10.1038/srep39404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study meta-analyzed the literature on possible association of polymorphisms -137 (rs187238) and -607 (rs1946518) in the interleukin-18 (IL-18) promoter with risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The analysis included 8 case-control studies on the -137 polymorphism (1,318 cases, 2,254 controls) and 7 case-control studies on the -607 polymorphism (1,262 cases, 1,696 controls). None of the five genetic models suggested a significant association between the -137 polymorphism and HCC risk: allelic model, OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.74-1.34, P = 0.97; recessive model, OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.65-1.46, P = 0.91; dominant model, OR 1.35, 95% CI 0.73-2.52, P = 0.34; homozygous model, OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.65-1.49, P = 0.95; heterozygous model, OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.66-1.48, P = 0.94. Similar results were obtained in subgroup analyses of Asian patients, Chinese patients, or patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related HCC. Similar results were also obtained for the -607 polymorphism across the entire study population as well as in the three subgroups. The available evidence suggests no significant association of the -137 or -607 polymorphisms with risk of HCC in general or specifically of HBV-related HCC. These conclusions should be verified in large, well-designed studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Liang Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- Department of Chemotherapy, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Xue-Ying Hu
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Tao Luo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Zu-Shun Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Shui-Hua Yang
- Department of Ultrasound, Maternal &Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Lu Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Nanning First People's Hospital, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Le-Qun Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
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Changes in gene expression induced by histamine, fexofenadine and osthole: Expression of histamine H 1 receptor, COX-2, NF-κB, CCR1, chemokine CCL5/RANTES and interleukin-1β in PBMC allergic and non-allergic patients. Immunobiology 2016; 222:571-581. [PMID: 27843000 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fexofenadine (FXF) is a third-generation antihistamine drug and osthole is assumed as a natural antihistamine alternative. This paper compares results of histamine, FXF and osthole impact on HRH-1, COX-2, NF-κB-p50, CCR1 mRNA expression. We also measured mRNA expression of IL-1β and CCL5/RANTES in incubated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) to compared how histamine, FXF and osthole had influence on expression level and interacts on product secretion. OBJECTIVE The purpose was to investigate expression pattern in asthma PBMC. METHODS The cultures were treated 72h with FXF and osthole. We measured mRNA expression of histamine HRH-1, COX-2, NF-κB-p50, CCR1, IL-1β and CCL5/RANTES with Real-Time PCR (RT-PCR). RESULTS The present study suggest that osthole may be a potential inhibitor of histamine H1 receptor activity. We also demonstrated that cells cultured with histamine increase COX-2 mRNA expression and osthole reduce it. CONCLUSION Allergy remains one of the most common chronic diseases in Europe and it is rapidly approaching epidemic proportions; with current predictions estimating that the number of allergy-afflicted will equal the healthy population by 2020. It is therefore paramount to find new pharmaceuticals which successfully combat allergic disease.
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Staphlyococcus aureus phenol-soluble modulins stimulate the release of proinflammatory cytokines from keratinocytes and are required for induction of skin inflammation. Infect Immun 2015; 83:3428-37. [PMID: 26077761 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00401-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a human commensal that colonizes the skin. While it is normally innocuous, it has strong associations with atopic dermatitis pathogenesis and has become the leading cause of skin and soft tissue infections in the United States. The factors that dictate the role of S. aureus in disease are still being determined. In this work, we utilized primary keratinocyte culture and an epidermal murine colonization model to investigate the role of S. aureus phenol-soluble modulins (PSMs) in proinflammatory cytokine release and inflammation induction. We demonstrated that many species of Staphylococcus are capable of causing release of interleukin 18 (IL-18) from keratinocytes and that S. aureus PSMs are necessary and sufficient to stimulate IL-18 release from keratinocytes independently of caspase 1. Further, after 7 days of epicutaneous exposure to wild-type S. aureus, but not S. aureus Δpsm, we saw dramatic changes in gross pathology, as well as systemic release of proinflammatory cytokines. This work demonstrates the importance of PSM peptides in S. aureus-mediated inflammatory cytokine release from keratinocytes in vitro and in vivo and further implicates PSMs as important contributors to pathogenesis.
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Karra VK, Gumma PK, Chowdhury SJ, Ruttala R, Polipalli SK, Chakravarti A, Kar P. IL-18 polymorphisms in hepatitis B virus related liver disease. Cytokine 2015; 73:277-82. [PMID: 25802197 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Interleukine-18 (IL-18) was originally called interferon (INF-γ) inducing factor and plays a critical dual role in Th1 polarization and viral clearance. We aimed to explore whether single-nucleotide promoter polymorphisms (SNPs) are associated with the outcome of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. 271 HBV infected patients were recruited in this study out of these 109 were spontaneously recovered and 162 were diagnosed to be having persistent HBV infection which includes 48 chronic hepatitis, 84 liver cirrhosis, 30 HCC cases and were compared with 280 healthy controls. IL-18 promoter genotyping was performed with sequence-specific primers. The results demonstrated the significant involvement of genotype AA at position -607 in healthy controls (38.6%) when compared to cases (26.0%) (OR=0.54 (0.385-0.797)) and also associated with spontaneous clearance (37.6%) compared to persistent HBV infections (17.9%) (OR=2.76 (1.582-4.832)). Whereas, genotype CC at position -607 in cases (18.0%) when compared to healthy controls (6.7%) (OR=3.03 (1.734-5.303)) also associated with persistent HBV infections (24.1%) compared to spontaneous clearance (9.2%) (OR=0.31 (0.151-0.67)). And genotype GC at position -137 in cases (49.5%) compared to healthy controls (38.5%) (OR=1.55 (1.11-2.18)). Whereas, genotype GG at position -137 in healthy controls (56.8%) compared to cases (45.4%) (OR=0.63 (0.451-0.885)). No significant difference at position -137 was observed between spontaneous clearance and persistent HBV infections. These polymorphisms of the IL-18 gene promoter region at position -607 and -137 could be associated with different outcomes of HBV infection. The people with allele A at position -607 may be protected against HBV infection; moreover AA genotype is associated with spontaneous clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar Karra
- PCR Hepatitis Lab, Dept. of Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110002, India
| | - Phani Kumar Gumma
- PCR Hepatitis Lab, Dept. of Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110002, India
| | - Soumya Jyoti Chowdhury
- PCR Hepatitis Lab, Dept. of Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110002, India
| | - Rajesh Ruttala
- PCR Hepatitis Lab, Dept. of Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110002, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Polipalli
- PCR Hepatitis Lab, Dept. of Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110002, India
| | - Anita Chakravarti
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Maulana Azad Medical College, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110002, India
| | - Premashis Kar
- PCR Hepatitis Lab, Dept. of Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110002, India.
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14
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Abstract
Various molecules participate in different phases of allergic reactions. This means that many genes are encoding molecules related to allergic reactions, such as cytokines, chemokines, and their receptors as effect or molecules. The transcriptional repressor BCL6 has emerged as a multifunctional regulator of lymphocyte differentiation and immune responses. BCL6-deficient (BCL6) mice display T helper type 2 (Th2)-type inflammation, which is caused by abnormality of both lymphoid cells and nonlymphoid cells. Thus, BCL6 apparently contributes to negative regulation of various central molecules such as cytokines, in particular Th2 cytokines, CC chemokines, and immunoglobulin E in allergic diseases. Therefore, BCL6 may be a molecular target for Th2-type allergic diseases.
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Kim SH, Son JK, Yang EM, Kim JE, Park HS. A functional promoter polymorphism of the human IL18 gene is associated with aspirin-induced urticaria. Br J Dermatol 2011; 165:976-84. [PMID: 21692767 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2011.10467.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urticaria is the commonest cutaneous reaction caused by aspirin or other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The pathogenesis of aspirin-induced urticaria (AIU) is not fully understood, but appears to involve mast cell activation and neutrophil infiltration. OBJECTIVES To investigate the genetic contribution of interleukin (IL)-18, which can amplify acute inflammation by promoting mast cell activation, neutrophil migration and cytokine production, to the pathogenesis of AIU. METHODS A case-control association study was performed using 275 patients with AIU and 196 normal healthy controls in a Korean population. Two promoter polymorphisms of the IL18 gene (-607A/C and -137G/C) were genotyped using the primer extension method. The functional effect of the IL18 gene promoter polymorphism was investigated through in vitro studies including a luciferase reporter assay and electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) and ex vivo studies involving neutrophil chemotaxis assays. RESULTS A significant association was detected between both AIU in general and the aspirin-intolerant acute urticaria (AIAU) phenotype and the IL18 promoter polymorphism -607A/C. Patients with AIAU showed higher frequencies of the C(-607) G(-137) haplotype, ht1 [CG], compared with controls (P=0·02). Moreover, ht1 [CG] showed a high transcript haplotype by the luciferase activity assay, and EMSAs identified a -607C allele-specific DNA-binding protein as CREB2. Neutrophil chemotactic activity was highest in subjects with AIU exhibiting the high transcript haplotype, ht1 [CG] (P=0·019). CONCLUSIONS The high transcript haplotype ht1 [CG] of the IL18 gene may contribute to the development of acute cutaneous inflammation sensitive to aspirin, leading to the clinical presentation of AIAU.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-H Kim
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Youngtonggu, Suwon 442-721, Korea
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16
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Yang Y, Qiao J, Li R, Li MZ. Is interleukin-18 associated with polycystic ovary syndrome? Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2011; 9:7. [PMID: 21244650 PMCID: PMC3035581 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-9-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2010] [Accepted: 01/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent research show that polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) may have an association with low-grade chronic inflammation, IL-18 is considered as a strong risk marker of inflammation. METHODS To investigate serum IL-18 concentrations in PCOS patients and focus on its relationship between obesity and insulin resistance (IR). Sixty consecutive women with PCOS and thirty controls were recruited. Serum level of IL-18 and fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone (T) were measured. RESULTS Serum levels of IL-18 was significantly higher in the PCOS group than in the control group. Serum level of IL-18 was higher in the PCOS group with IR than in the PCOS group without IR. Serum level of IL-18 was higher in obese PCOS patients than in lean PCOS patients. Serum level of IL-18 was higher in lean PCOS patients than in the lean control group. Serum level of IL-18 in the PCOS group was positively related to BMI, IR index and T. CONCLUSION IL-18 level was increased in PCOS patients, and correlated with insulin resistance, obesity and hyperandrogenism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Qiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mei-Zhi Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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17
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Abstract
IL-1 is a well-characterized proinflammatory cytokine that is involved in host defense and autoimmune diseases. IL-1 can promote activation of T cells, including Th1 cells, Th2 cells and Th17 cells, and B cells, suggesting that IL-1 may contribute to the development of various types of T-cell-mediated diseases. This report reviews and discusses the role of IL-1 in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases based on studies using IL-1-related gene-deficient mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Nambu
- Atopy Research Center, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
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18
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Fonacier LS, Dreskin SC, Leung DYM. Allergic skin diseases. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2009; 125:S138-49. [PMID: 19932921 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2009.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2009] [Revised: 05/28/2009] [Accepted: 05/29/2009] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The skin is one of the largest immunologic organs and is affected by both external and internal factors, as well as innate and adaptive immune responses. Many skin disorders, such as atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, urticaria, angioedema, psoriasis, and autoimmune blistering disorders, are immune mediated. Most of these diseases are chronic, inflammatory, and proliferative, in which both genetic and environmental factors play important roles. These immunologic mechanisms might have implications for potential targets of future therapeutic interventions.
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19
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Orfali RL, Sato MN, Takaoka R, Azor MH, Rivitti EA, Hanifin JM, Aoki V. Atopic dermatitis in adults: evaluation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells proliferation response toStaphylococcus aureusenterotoxins A and B and analysis of interleukin-18 secretion. Exp Dermatol 2009; 18:628-33. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2009.00842.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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20
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Kimura T, Kato Z, Ohnishi H, Tochio H, Shirakawa M, Kondo N. Expression, purification and structural analysis of human IL-18 binding protein: a potent therapeutic molecule for allergy. Allergol Int 2008; 57:367-76. [PMID: 18797176 DOI: 10.2332/allergolint.o-08-546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2008] [Accepted: 05/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While interleukin-18 (IL-18) plays an important role in the innate and adaptive immune responses, it can also cause severe allergic inflammatory reactions. Thus it is a molecule currently being targeted for therapy. The natural intrinsic inhibitor of IL-18 receptor activation, IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP), shows a great potential for the treatment of allergy. METHODS Expression and purification of recombinant human IL-18BP (rhIL-18BP) were performed using the baculovirus system to develop a therapeutic molecule for the treatment of IL-18-related diseases and to investigate the structural basis of its inhibitory mechanism. RESULTS Purified rhIL-18BP potently inhibited the production of interferon-gamma by peripheral blood mononuclear cells in the presence of lipopolysaccharide and by human myelomonocytic KG-1 cells in the presence of IL-18 (IC50 = 0.4 nM). Surface plasmon resonance showed a high affinity (Kd = 0.46 nM) for rhIL-18BP in binding hIL-18. Structural analysis indicated that the stoichiometry between IL-18 and IL-18BP is 1 : 1 in solution and the model structure of the complex suggests that the key residues on IL-18 (L5, K53, S55) and the estimated key residues on IL-18BP (F93,Y97, F104) could have interactions. The structural mechanism of IL-18BP inhibition might be a competition for Site 2 on rIL-18 so that IL-18BP can prevent IL-18 receptor alpha from binding to Site 2 and inhibit IL-18 receptor activation. CONCLUSIONS IL-18BP has unique features with respect to its structure, binding mode and inhibitory mechanism. It is a molecule that has a great potential for the therapy of allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Kimura
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
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21
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Kim WK, Cho HJ, Ryu SI, Hwang HR, Kim DH, Ryu HY, Chung JW, Kim TY, Park BC, Bae KH, Ko Y, Lee SC. Comparative proteomic analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from atopic dermatitis patients and healthy donors. BMB Rep 2008; 41:597-603. [PMID: 18755076 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2008.41.8.597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that induces changes in various inflammatory skin cells. The prevalence of AD is as high as 18% in some regions of the world, and is steadily rising. However, the pathophysiology of AD is poorly understood. To identify the proteins involved in AD pathogenesis, a comparative proteomic analysis of protein expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from AD patients and healthy donors was conducted. Significant changes were observed in the expressions of fourteen proteins, including the vinculin, PITPNB, and Filamin A proteins. Among the proteins, alpha-SNAP and FLNA decreased significantly, and PITPNB increased significantly in AD patients compared with control subjects; these findings were further confirmed by real-time PCR and Western blot analysis. The comparative proteome data may provide a valuable clue to further understand AD pathogenesis, and several differentially regulated proteins may be used as biomarkers for diagnosis and as target proteins for the development of novel drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Kon Kim
- Translational Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, Korea
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22
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Shaker OG, El-Komy M, Tawfic SO, Zeidan N, Tomairek RH. Possible role of nerve growth factor and interleukin-18 in pathogenesis of eczematous lesions of atopic dermatitis. J Dermatol Sci 2008; 53:153-4. [PMID: 18922682 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2008.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2008] [Revised: 08/16/2008] [Accepted: 08/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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23
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Lee CC, Lin WY, Wan L, Tsai Y, Tsai CH, Huang CM, Chen CP, Tsai FJ. Association of interleukin-18 gene polymorphism with asthma in Chinese patients. J Clin Lab Anal 2008; 22:39-44. [PMID: 18200581 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.20218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Like other allergic diseases, asthma results from multiple conditions. Asthmatic beginning and severity are mediated by both environmental and genetic factors. In asthma studies, important work is realization of the genetic background and identification of genetic factors resulting in asthma development and phenomena. Here, we investigated whether interleukin (IL)-18 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are involved in Chinese asthma patients. IL-18 (IL-18) SNP was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based restriction analysis in 201 patients with asthma and 60 normal controls. Significant differences were found in the genotype distribution of IL-18 SNP between asthma patients and controls (P=0.000003). Allelic frequency of the IL-18 gene distinguished asthma patients from controls (P=0.000066). The results revealed a significant difference between asthma patients and normal controls in IL-18 SNP and a statistical correlation between IL-18 polymorphisms (105A/C) and asthma formation. We concluded that Chinese who carry the C/C homozygote of the IL-18-105A/C gene polymorphism in coding regions may have a higher risk of developing asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Chun Lee
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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24
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Quantitative real-time RT-PCR measurement of cytokine mRNA expression in the skin of normal cats and cats with allergic skin disease. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2008; 122:216-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2007.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2007] [Revised: 11/19/2007] [Accepted: 11/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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25
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Savolainen J, Nieminen K, Laaksonen K, Laiho T, Jacobsen L, Lahesmaa R, Terho EO, Valovirta E. Allergen-induced in vitro expression of IL-18, SLAM and GATA-3 mRNA in PBMC during sublingual immunotherapy. Allergy 2007; 62:949-53. [PMID: 17620074 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2007.01426.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Signalling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM) and interleukin (IL)-18 induce interferon (IFN)-gamma production from Th1 cells. The allergen-induced SLAM and IL-18 mRNA expressions are increased during subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT), but nothing is known about their role during sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT). Transcription factor GATA-3 is associated with Th2 cells but its role in SCIT and SLIT is yet unexplored. This study was undertaken to analyse the allergen induced in vitro mRNA expression of IL-18, SLAM and GATA-3 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of children with allergic rhinitis (AR) during SLIT. METHODS Ten patients with AR undergoing pollen SLIT with a weekly dose of 200,000 SQ-U, 10 with 24,000 SQ-U of mixture of Betula verrucosa, Corylus avellana and Alnus glutinosa and 10 with placebo were included. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell were stimulated with birch extract prior to, after 1 and 2 years of the treatment. The mRNA expression was assessed using kinetic real-time RT-PCR (TaqMan); Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA). RESULTS The expression of IL-18 mRNA was increased in the high-dose group in comparison to the placebo group after 1 year of therapy (P = 0.028) and had an inverse correlation with the late phase skin reaction after the second study year (r = -0.41, P = 0.041). SLAM mRNA expression increased in the high-dose group from baseline to 1 year (P = 0.028) and correlated with IL-10 (r = 0.96, P < 0.0001) and transforming growth factor-beta (r = 0.80, P = 0.0037) mRNA expression. No significant changes were seen in GATA-3 mRNA expression. CONCLUSIONS During SLIT, IL-18 and SLAM are upregulated, suggesting that the Th2 type inflammatory response is downregulated during SLIT by increased Th1 type response.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Sublingual
- Adolescent
- Allergens/genetics
- Allergens/immunology
- Allergens/pharmacology
- Alnus/genetics
- Alnus/immunology
- Antigens, CD/biosynthesis
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Betula/genetics
- Betula/immunology
- Cells, Cultured
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Corylus/genetics
- Corylus/immunology
- Desensitization, Immunologic/methods
- Double-Blind Method
- Female
- GATA3 Transcription Factor/biosynthesis
- GATA3 Transcription Factor/genetics
- Gene Expression/genetics
- Gene Expression/immunology
- Humans
- Interleukin-18/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-18/genetics
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/drug effects
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology
- Male
- Pollen/genetics
- Pollen/immunology
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Receptors, Cell Surface/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/immunology
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/therapy
- Signaling Lymphocytic Activation Molecule Family Member 1
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Affiliation(s)
- J Savolainen
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases and Clinical Allergology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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26
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Thompson SR, Humphries SE. Interleukin-18 genetics and inflammatory disease susceptibility. Genes Immun 2007; 8:91-9. [PMID: 17215860 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gene.6364366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
IL18 was mapped to 11q22.2-22.3 in 1998. Owing to interleukin (IL)-18's important and novel role in immunomodulation, the gene itself has been subject to scrutiny, with the aim of discovering variants that may impact on disease susceptibility and/or progression. Despite being sequenced numerous times in different populations, no non-synonymous variants have been found. However, a number of polymorphisms within the proximal promoter have been verified that may interfere with transcription-factor-binding sites. Much of the subsequent association analyses have centred on these variants, but have yielded no consistent results, despite numerous different study populations being genotyped. IL18 has recently been resequenced in its entirety, enabling the tagging-single-nucleotide polymorphism (tSNP) methodology to be adopted. This approach has yielded interesting results, with genetic variation being shown to affect protein levels, and risk. This review aims to compile and reflect on the association data of interest published to date, with a focus on the diseases related to aberrant inflammatory control.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Thompson
- The Department of Cardiovascular Genetics, The Rayne Institute, London, UK
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27
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Tsutsui H, Yoshimoto T, Hayashi N, Mizutani H, Nakanishi K. Induction of allergic inflammation by interleukin-18 in experimental animal models. Immunol Rev 2005; 202:115-38. [PMID: 15546390 DOI: 10.1111/j.0105-2896.2004.00205.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-18 (IL-18) has been regarded as a proinflammatory cytokine because of its potent interferon-gamma-inducing activity. However, mutant mice that release excess amounts of IL-18 spontaneously develop pruritic chronic dermatitis-like atopic dermatitis (AD), suggesting the importance of IL-18 for the development of AD. Intriguingly, depletion of il-18 but not stat6, an essential transcriptional factor for IL-4 signaling, rescues the mice from AD, indicating IL-18-dependent, T-helper 2 (Th2) cell-independent AD. This type of AD is classified as innate-type allergy in contrast to Th2 cell-dependent ordinary allergy. Consistent with the previous studies, mice transferred with antigen-specific Th1 cells exhibit no airway hyperresponsiveness and respiratory eosinophilic inflammation after challenge with antigen alone. However, they suffer from asthma upon challenge with antigen plus IL-18, with comparable levels of both the alterations as in those transferred with Th2 cells following challenge with antigen. The former type of asthma is categorized as Th1-associated allergy. Therefore, it is definitely necessary to evaluate whether individual allergic disorders involve either of these IL-18-mediated pathways or a Th2-mediated one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Tsutsui
- Department of Immunology & Medical Zoology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
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28
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Zhang PA, Wu JM, Li Y, Yang XS. Association of polymorphisms of interleukin-18 gene promoter region with chronic hepatitis B in Chinese Han population. World J Gastroenterol 2005; 11:1594-8. [PMID: 15786533 PMCID: PMC4305937 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v11.i11.1594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the polymorphisms of interleukin-18 (IL-18) gene promoters, and to disclose whether such polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to chronic hepatitis B in Chinese Han population.
METHODS: Using polymerase chain reaction with sequence specific primers (PCR-SSP) method, the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the promoter region of IL-18 gene at position -607 and -137 were detected in 231 patients with chronic hepatitis B and 300 normal controls.
RESULTS: Allele C at position -607 in the promoter of IL-18 gene was detected in 48.7% of normal controls and 51.9% of patients, while allele A at position -607 was detected in 51.3% of normal controls and 48.1% of patients. The frequencies of -607CC, -607 CA and -607AA genotypes in normal controls were 22.0%, 53.3% and 24.7% respectively and in chronic hepatitis B patients were 26.8%, 50.2% and 23.0% respectively. Allele G at position -137 in the promoter of IL-18 gene was detected in 82.3% of normal controls and 88.5% of chronic hepatitis B patients, while allele C at position -137 was detected in 17.7% of normal controls and 11.5% of patients. The frequencies of -137GG, GC and CC genotype were 67.3%, 30.0% and 2.7% in normal controls respectively, while in chronic hepatitis B patients were 78.8%, 19.5% and 1.7% respectively. The frequency of -137GG genotype in chronic hepatitis B groups was significantly higher than that in normal controls (χ2 = 8.55, P = 0.003 <0.05), whereas the frequencies of -607C/-137C and -607A/-137C haplotypes in chronic hepatitis B groups were significantly lower than that in normal controls. The association between genotypes of IL-18 promoter region polymorphisms and HBV copies showed that the frequency of -607AA genotype in high HBV-DNA copies groups was lower than that in low HBV-DNA copies groups (χ2 = 6.03, P = 0.014 <0.05).
CONCLUSION: The polymorphisms of the promoter region of IL-18 gene at position -607 and -137 are closely associated with susceptibility to chronic hepatitis B. The people with allele C at position -137 in the promoter of IL-18 gene may be protected against HBV infection; moreover AA genotype at position -607 may be closely linked to inhibit HBV-DNA replication. These findings give some new clues to the study of pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-An Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Science, Affiliated Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
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29
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Allam JP, Bieber T, Novak N. Recent Highlights in the Pathophysiology of Atopic Eczema. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2005; 136:191-7. [PMID: 15711096 DOI: 10.1159/000083893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic eczema (AE) belongs to the group of atopic diseases that have become increasingly prevalent over the last decades. The pathophysiology of AE has long remained enigmatic, but much scientific effort has been invested in elucidating the genetic background and the immunological mechanisms underlying AE, leading to a better understanding of this complex disease and to new therapeutic strategies. This review provides an update on the scientific progress that has been achieved in clarifying the pathophysiological mechanisms of AE.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-P Allam
- Department of Dermatology, Friedrich Wilhelm University, Bonn, Germany
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30
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31
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Suzuki M, Cheng L, Yamasaki A, Ono N, Mao XQ, Shirakawa T. Recent Developments in Genetic Study of Allergic Disease in the Japanese Population. Allergol Int 2005. [DOI: 10.2332/allergolint.54.359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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32
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Hon KLE, Leung TF, Ma KC, Wong CK, Wan H, Lam CWK. Serum concentration of IL-18 correlates with disease extent in young children with atopic dermatitis. Pediatr Dermatol 2004; 21:619-22. [PMID: 15575842 DOI: 10.1111/j.0736-8046.2004.21600.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-18 is a pleiotropic cytokine that plays an important role in both type 1 (Th1) and type 2 (Th2) helper T lymphocyte-mediated immunity. Previous studies have suggested that IL-18 may be an inflammatory marker for atopic dermatitis (AD). The purpose of our study was to test whether the serum concentration of IL-18 is a useful inflammatory marker for assessing AD severity in young children. Nineteen AD patients with a median age of 2.2 years (interquartile range 0.7-4.6 years) were recruited. The severity of AD was clinically determined using the Scoring Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) index. Their SCORAD score was 23.9 (range 18.6-34.8). Serum IL-18 levels were determined by sandwich enzyme immunoassay. The median serum concentration of IL-18 was 394 pg/ml (interquartile range 204-612 pg/ml). Serum IL-18 levels correlated with SCORAD scores (r = 0.502, p = 0.029) and their extent component (r = 0.633, p = 0.004). When compared with mild disease with low SCORAD scores, the serum concentration in moderate to severe disease was significantly higher (p = 0.014). We concluded that serum IL-18 concentration is elevated in young children with AD. It may be a useful inflammatory marker that correlates with the extent component of AD in particular, and differentiates mild disease from more severe disease when used for assessing AD severity in young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kam Lun Ellis Hon
- Department of Pediatrics, 6/F, Clinical Sciences Building, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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33
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Leung DYM, Nicklas RA, Li JT, Bernstein IL, Blessing-Moore J, Boguniewicz M, Chapman JA, Khan DA, Lang D, Lee RE, Portnoy JM, Schuller DE, Spector SL, Tilles SA. Disease management of atopic dermatitis: an updated practice parameter. Joint Task Force on Practice Parameters. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2004; 93:S1-21. [PMID: 15478395 DOI: 10.1016/s1081-1206(10)61385-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/therapeutic use
- Administration, Cutaneous
- Administration, Oral
- Adrenal Cortex Hormones/administration & dosage
- Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use
- Adult
- Algorithms
- Anti-Allergic Agents/administration & dosage
- Anti-Allergic Agents/therapeutic use
- Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/administration & dosage
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use
- Calcineurin Inhibitors
- Case Management
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Dermatitis, Atopic/diagnosis
- Dermatitis, Atopic/drug therapy
- Dermatitis, Atopic/therapy
- Dermatitis, Irritant/complications
- Dermatitis, Irritant/therapy
- Emollients/administration & dosage
- Emollients/therapeutic use
- Food Hypersensitivity/complications
- Food Hypersensitivity/diet therapy
- Humans
- Infant
- Phototherapy
- Skin Diseases, Infectious/drug therapy
- Skin Diseases, Infectious/etiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald Y M Leung
- Division of Pediatric Allergy-Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Medical and Research Center and University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado, USA
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Kowal K, Osada J, Zukowski S, Dabrowska M, Dubuske L, Bodzenta-Lukaszyk A. Expression of interleukin 4 receptors in bronchial asthma patients who underwent specific immunotherapy. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2004; 93:68-75. [PMID: 15281474 DOI: 10.1016/s1081-1206(10)61449-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin (IL) 4 and IL-13 are crucial cytokines for the development of allergic reactions and have been shown to modulate the function of monocytes and macrophages. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the expression of IL-4Rs on peripheral blood monocytes and in the serum of patients with bronchial asthma who underwent specific immunotherapy (SIT). METHODS The study was performed on 17 asthma patients with a typical clinical history and positive skin prick test results to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus allergens. Five asthma patients who declined SIT were used as a comparator control group. Ten healthy persons served as negative controls. Flow cytometry analysis was performed on the whole blood samples using labeled monoclonal antibodies against CD14 and CD36 monocyte markers and against the CD124 alpha chain of IL-4R. The serum levels of soluble IL-4R were evaluated using an immunoenzymatic assay. RESULTS Compared with controls, bronchial asthma patients before SIT had a higher mean +/- SD percentage of CD14-positive cells that coexpressed CD124 (3.5% +/- 1.8% vs 18.6% +/- 7.9%; P < .01). After SIT, the mean +/- SD percentage of CD14 cells coexpressing CD124 decreased to 8.1% +/- 5.1%, which was significantly lower than before SIT (P < .01) but still significantly higher than in controls (P = .01). Changes in CD124 expression were associated with up-regulation of CD14 and down-regulation of CD36 expression on peripheral blood monocytes, suggesting that IL-4/IL-13-mediated signaling may be important for regulation of monocyte phenotype and function in asthma patients receiving SIT. CONCLUSIONS Even short courses of SIT are associated with a decrease in IL-4R expression on peripheral blood monocytes, which may cause decreased IL-4/IL-13-mediated effects in patients who undergo SIT.
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Heinzmann A, Gerhold K, Ganter K, Kurz T, Schuchmann L, Keitzer R, Berner R, Deichmann KA. Association study of polymorphisms within interleukin-18 in juvenile idiopathic arthritis and bronchial asthma. Allergy 2004; 59:845-9. [PMID: 15230817 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2004.00538.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin-18 (IL-18) plays an important role in the regulation of TH1 as well as TH2 immunologic responses and thus in the development of chronic inflammatory diseases. Positive association studies of polymorphisms in IL-18 with different diseases have underlined the involvement of IL-18 in the pathogenetics processes. Our interest was to test polymorphisms of IL-18 for association with a typical TH1-mediated disease--juvenile idiopathic arthritis--and the TH2-mediated disease bronchial asthma in Caucasian children. METHODS We genotyped five polymorphisms that were in association with chronic inflammatory diseases (-607C, -137C, 113G, 127T, and -133G). This was performed by restriction fragment length polymorphism in populations of asthmatic children, control individuals, and children with antinuclear antibodies (ANA)-positive juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Statistical analysis was performed by the Armitage trend test; haplotypes were calculated by the Arlequine program. RESULTS No significant association was found between any single nucleotide polymorphism or any haplotype and bronchial asthma or ANA-positive juvenile idiopathic arthritis. CONCLUSION We conclude that the effect of IL-18 in the immunologic context of diseases like bronchial asthma or juvenile arthritis might be too complex to be reflected in a simple one-way association study. Furthermore, the polymorphisms under investigation might be nonfunctional.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Heinzmann
- University Children's Hospital, University of Freiburg, Mathildenstrasse 1, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
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Savolainen J, Laaksonen K, Rantio-Lehtimäki A, Terho EO. Increased expression of allergen-induced in vitro interleukin-10 and interleukin-18 mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of allergic rhinitis patients after specific immunotherapy. Clin Exp Allergy 2004; 34:413-9. [PMID: 15005735 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2004.01823.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During specific pollen immunotherapy (SIT) there is a local mucosal shift from Th2- to Th1- type cytokine predominance, with IL-12 having a major role in this shift. IL-10-induced tolerance is supposed to be a key phenomenon in venom immunotherapy (VIT). However, the role of Th1-promoting cytokines, on the one hand, and the role of regulatory cytokines, on the other hand, have not been studied in parallel during SIT. OBJECTIVE This study was undertaken to analyse the allergen-induced in vitro mRNA expression of Th1-type effector cytokine IL-18 and regulatory cytokines IL-10 and TGF-beta during SIT in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of allergic rhinitis (AR) patients. METHODS Thirty patients with AR undergoing pollen SIT and 10 patients with AR who were not treated with SIT were included in the study. The symptoms and medications were registered post-seasonally before the beginning of SIT and after 1 year of therapy. PBMC samples were collected and stimulated with pollen allergen extract prior to the treatment, at the maintenance phase in 12 patients and after 1 year of the treatment. The cytokine mRNA expression was assessed using kinetic real-time RT-PCR (TaqMan). RESULTS There was a clear increase in the treated AR patients, in comparison with untreated AR patients, in the expression of both IL-10 (mean change from baseline (SEM): 3.1 (0.8) vs. -0.3 (0.3), P<0.002, Mann-Whitney U-test) and IL-18 (2.7 (0.9) vs. -0.2 (0.6), P<0.03) mRNA after 1 year. The clearest increase in IL-10 mRNA expression was seen in patients who did not benefit at all (6.0 (2.3), P<0.001 vs. untreated) and the least increase in patients that had the greatest reduction of symptoms (0.8 (0.6), n.s. vs. untreated) at 1 year. The clearest increase in IL-18 mRNA expression was seen in patients with moderate outcome (3.4 (1.6), P<0.04 vs. untreated). In intermediate samples, taken when the maintenance dose was reached, the peak expression of allergen-induced IL-10 mRNA was associated with the most favourable outcome of SIT (P=0.01, Fisher exact test). A similar trend was seen in IL-18 mRNA expression. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that an early and transient increase in allergen-specific IL-10 and IL-18 mRNA expression in PBMC is essential for the therapeutic outcome after 1 year of SIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Savolainen
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases and Clinical Allergology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease commonly seen in children, but it also occurs in adults. This skin disease is often triggered by bacterial, fungal, or viral skin infections. The mechanisms resulting in this increased propensity for skin infections have been an area of active investigation. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies suggest that the skin of patients with atopic dermatitis has increased avidity for binding to Staphylococcus aureus and is deficient in its ability to generate antimicrobial peptides needed to eradicate infectious agents. SUMMARY The current review will examine recent literature on the etiology and pathogenesis of infection in atopic dermatitis. These observations are likely to have importance implications for management of atopic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald Y M Leung
- Division of Pediatric Allergy-Immunology, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver, Colorado 80206, USA.
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Higa S, Hirano T, Mayumi M, Hiraoka M, Ohshima Y, Nambu M, Yamaguchi E, Hizawa N, Kondo N, Matsui E, Katada Y, Miyatake A, Kawase I, Tanaka T. Association between interleukin-18 gene polymorphism 105A/C and asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 2003; 33:1097-102. [PMID: 12911784 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2222.2003.01739.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IL-18 has been shown to exert anti-allergic or allergy-promoting activities, but the existence of genetic polymorphisms in the coding regions of IL-18 gene has not been demonstrated. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate whether polymorphism is present in the coding regions of the IL-18 gene and, if so, to further analyse the association between polymorphism and asthma in a case-control study. METHODS We screened the coding regions of the IL-18 gene for polymorphisms by using PCRsingle-stranded conformation polymorphism and direct sequencing of PCR products, followed by analysis of the association between polymorphism and asthma. RESULTS We identified one polymorphism (105A/C) in the coding regions. The frequency of the 105A allele was significantly higher in asthmatic patients than in controls (P<0.01; odds ratio (OR)=1.83 (1.37-2.26)). Significant linkage disequilibrium was observed between the 105A/C and -137G/C polymorphisms in the 5' flanking region of the IL-18 gene (D=0.58, P<0.0001). However, in asthmatic patients the 105A allele was not associated with either total serum IgE or IL-18 levels. CONCLUSION The 105A/C polymorphism of the IL-18 gene may be associated with the pathogenesis of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Higa
- Department III of Internal Medicine, Osaka University Medical School, Osaka Department of Pediatrics, Fukui Medical University School of Medicine, Fukui, Japan
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Abstract
During the past year there have been significant advances in our understanding of the mechanisms underlying allergic skin diseases. This article reviews some of these advances in atopic dermatitis and urticaria. The introduction of a new class of topical anti-inflammatory medications, topical calcineurin inhibitors, has significantly increased our treatment options and led to a rethinking of potential management approaches in atopic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald Y M Leung
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver, CO 80206, USA
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Abstract
Atopic dermatitis is a highly pruritic chronic inflammatory skin disorder affecting 10-20% of children worldwide. Symptoms can persist or begin in adulthood. It is also the most common cause of occupational skin disease in adults. This disease results from an interaction between susceptibility genes, the host's environment, pharmacological abnormalities, skin barrier defects, and immunological factors. New management approaches have evolved from advances in our understanding of the pathobiology of this common skin disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald Y M Leung
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver, CO 80206, USA.
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Engler RJM, Kenner J, Leung DYM. Smallpox vaccination: Risk considerations for patients with atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2002; 110:357-65. [PMID: 12209080 DOI: 10.1067/mai.2002.128052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
As the threat of bioterrorism with pathogenic microbes such as smallpox virus (Variola major) increases, the question of widespread voluntary vaccination with smallpox (vaccinia) vaccines is being carefully considered. A major challenge lies in the ability to protect the population from the disease while minimizing the considerable side effects from the vaccine. Individuals with active or quiescent atopic dermatitis are at increased risk for vaccinia complications. The nature of these complications and other considerations are summarized in this rostrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata J M Engler
- Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Allergy-Immunology Department, Washington, DC, USA
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Abstract
Atopic disorders are complex traits with a significant contribution of heritability. Several mouse models for atopic phenotypes such as allergen-induced and intrinsic asthma, atopic dermatitis and immediate cutaneous hypersensitivity have been used to systematically dissect the genetics of these diseases. Many of the chromosomal regions identified in genome-wide screens colocalize with linkage regions of autoimmune phenotypes suggesting common regulatory genes in combination (or addition) to disease-specific genes. Moreover, many of these regions correspond to regions found in the human system, thus strengthening the likelihood of a gene contributing to the phenotype. The role of individual candidate genes has been vigorously pursued in genetically modified mice by destruction or overexpression of the candidate gene. The complex interactions of multiple contributing genes may further be elucidated in randomly mutated mouse strains. Thus mouse models can contribute largely to the elucidation of disease genes.
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