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Dhillon VK, Randolph GW, Stack BC, Lindeman B, Bloom G, Sinclair CF, Woodson G, Brooks JA, Childs LF, Esfandiari NH, Evangelista L, Guardiani E, Quintanilla-Dieck L, Naunheim MR, Shindo M, Singer M, Tolley N, Angelos P, Kupfer R, Banuchi V, Liddy W, Tufano RP. Immediate and partial neural dysfunction after thyroid and parathyroid surgery: Need for recognition, laryngeal exam, and early treatment. Head Neck 2020; 42:3779-3794. [PMID: 32954575 DOI: 10.1002/hed.26472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laryngeal dysfunction after thyroid and parathyroid surgery requires early recognition and a standardized approach for patients that present with voice, swallowing, and breathing issues. The Endocrine Committee of the American Head and Neck Society (AHNS) convened a panel to define the terms "immediate vocal fold paralysis" and "partial neural dysfunction" and to provide clinical consensus statements based on review of the literature, integrated with expert opinion of the group. METHODS A multidisciplinary expert panel constructed the manuscript and recommendations for laryngeal dysfunction after thyroid and parathyroid surgery. A meta-analysis was performed using the literature and published guidelines. Consensus was achieved using polling and a modified Delphi approach. RESULTS Twenty-two panelists achieved consensus on five statements regarding the role of early identification and standardization of evaluation for patients with "immediate vocal fold paralysis" and "partial neural dysfunction" after thyroid and parathyroid surgery. CONCLUSION After endorsement by the AHNS Endocrine Section and Quality of Care Committee, it received final approval from the AHNS Council.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaninder K Dhillon
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University National Capital Region, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Gregory W Randolph
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brendan C Stack
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, USA
| | - Brenessa Lindeman
- Department of General Surgery, Surgical Oncology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Gary Bloom
- ThyCa: Thyroid Cancer Survivors' Association, Inc., Olney, Maryland, USA
| | - Catherine F Sinclair
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Mount Sinai West Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Gayle Woodson
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jennifer A Brooks
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Enhancement, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lesley F Childs
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Nazanene H Esfandiari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes (MEND), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Lisa Evangelista
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Davis Medical Center, California, USA
| | - Elizabeth Guardiani
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lourdes Quintanilla-Dieck
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Oregon, Portland, USA
| | - Matthew R Naunheim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Maisie Shindo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Oregon, Portland, USA
| | - Michael Singer
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Neil Tolley
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Imperial College NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Peter Angelos
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Robbi Kupfer
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Victoria Banuchi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Weill Cornell School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Whitney Liddy
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ralph P Tufano
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Samlan RA, Kunduk M, Ikuma T, Black M, Lane C. Vocal Fold Vibration in Older Adults With and Without Age-Related Dysphonia. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY 2018; 27:1039-1050. [PMID: 29931255 DOI: 10.1044/2018_ajslp-17-0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to identify the extent to which 7 measures of glottal area timing and regularity differ between older adults with and without age-related dysphonia (ARD). METHOD Laryngeal high-speed videoendoscopy was completed at 4,000 frames per second for 42 adults aged 70 years and older (ARD: 9 female, 5 male; control group: 15 female, 13 male). Relative glottal gap, open quotient, speed index, maximum area declination rate, harmonics-to-noise ratio, harmonic richness factor, and standard deviation of fundamental frequency were measured from a 0.5-s segment of the glottal area waveform. Eta squared (η2) was computed to estimate group effect. RESULTS Small effect sizes (η2 = .18-.35) were present for relative glottal gap, open quotient, maximum area declination rate, harmonic richness factor, and standard deviation of fundamental frequency. Speed index and glottal harmonics-to-noise ratio did not explain group membership (η2 = .001 and .05, respectively). CONCLUSION These findings provide evidence that vocal fold vibration in ARD is different than in normal aging, whereas the overlap in values for every measure is consistent with the concept that normal aging and ARD exist as a continuum of health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin A Samlan
- Department of Speech, Language, & Hearing Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson
| | - Melda Kunduk
- Department of Communication Sciences & Disorders, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge
| | - Takeshi Ikuma
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans
| | - Mindy Black
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson
| | - Christianne Lane
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
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3
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Herbst A, Wanagat J, Cheema N, Widjaja K, McKenzie D, Aiken JM. Latent mitochondrial DNA deletion mutations drive muscle fiber loss at old age. Aging Cell 2016; 15:1132-1139. [PMID: 27561813 PMCID: PMC5114866 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
With age, somatically derived mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) deletion mutations arise in many tissues and species. In skeletal muscle, deletion mutations clonally accumulate along the length of individual fibers. At high intrafiber abundances, these mutations disrupt individual cell respiration and are linked to the activation of apoptosis, intrafiber atrophy, breakage, and necrosis, contributing to fiber loss. This sequence of molecular and cellular events suggests a putative mechanism for the permanent loss of muscle fibers with age. To test whether mtDNA deletion mutation accumulation is a significant contributor to the fiber loss observed in aging muscle, we pharmacologically induced deletion mutation accumulation. We observed a 1200% increase in mtDNA deletion mutation-containing electron transport chain-deficient muscle fibers, an 18% decrease in muscle fiber number and 22% worsening of muscle mass loss. These data affirm the hypothesized role for mtDNA deletion mutation in the etiology of muscle fiber loss at old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen Herbst
- Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Sciences University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada
| | - Jonathan Wanagat
- Division of Geriatrics Department of Medicine David Geffen School of Medicine University of California Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Nashwa Cheema
- Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases Department of Biological Sciences University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada
| | - Kevin Widjaja
- Division of Geriatrics Department of Medicine David Geffen School of Medicine University of California Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Debbie McKenzie
- Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases Department of Biological Sciences University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada
| | - Judd M. Aiken
- Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Sciences University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada
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4
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Fujimaki Y, Tsunoda K, Kobayashi R, Tonghyo C, Tanaka F, Kuroda H, Numata T, Ishii T, Kuroda R, Masuda S, Hashimoto S, Misawa H, Shindo N, Mori T, Mori H, Uchiyama N, Kamei Y, Tanaka M, Hamaya H, Funatsuki S, Usui S, Ito I, Hamada K, Shindo A, Tokumaru Y, Morita Y, Ueha R, Nito T, Kikuta S, Sekimoto S, Kondo K, Sakamoto T, Itoh K, Yamasoba T, Matsumoto S. Independent exercise for glottal incompetence to improve vocal problems and prevent aspiration pneumonia in the elderly: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Rehabil 2016; 31:1049-1056. [PMID: 27742752 PMCID: PMC5524188 DOI: 10.1177/0269215516673208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: To evaluate the effect of a self-controlled vocal exercise in elderly people with glottal closure insufficiency. Design: Parallel-arm, individual randomized controlled trial. Methods: Patients who visited one of 10 medical centers under the National Hospital Organization group in Japan for the first time, aged 60 years or older, complaining of aspiration or hoarseness, and endoscopically confirmed to have glottal closure insufficiency owing to vocal cord atrophy, were enrolled in this study. They were randomly assigned to an intervention or a control group. The patients of the intervention group were given guidance and a DVD about a self-controlled vocal exercise. The maximum phonation time which is a measure of glottal closure was evaluated, and the number of patients who developed pneumonia during the six months was compared between the two groups. Results: Of the 543 patients enrolled in this trial, 259 were allocated into the intervention group and 284 into the control; 60 of the intervention group and 75 of the control were not able to continue the trial. A total of 199 patients (age 73.9 ±7.25 years) in the intervention group and 209 (73.3 ±6.68 years) in the control completed the six-month trial. Intervention of the self-controlled vocal exercise extended the maximum phonation time significantly (p < 0.001). There were two hospitalizations for pneumonia in the intervention group and 18 in the control group, representing a significant difference (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The self-controlled vocal exercise allowed patients to achieve vocal cord adduction and improve glottal closure insufficiency, which reduced the rate of hospitalization for pneumonia significantly. ClinicalTrial.govIdentifier-UMIN000015567
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Fujimaki
- 1 Department of Artificial Organs and Medical Device Creation, National Institute of Sensory Organs, Tokyo, Japan.,2 Department of Otolaryngology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Tsunoda
- 1 Department of Artificial Organs and Medical Device Creation, National Institute of Sensory Organs, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rika Kobayashi
- 1 Department of Artificial Organs and Medical Device Creation, National Institute of Sensory Organs, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chong Tonghyo
- 3 Department of General Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fujinobu Tanaka
- 4 Department of Otolaryngology, National Hospital Organization Nagasaki Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kuroda
- 5 Department of Otolaryngology, National Hospital Organization Kobe Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Toyota Ishii
- 7 Department of Otolaryngology, Sagamihara National Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Reiko Kuroda
- 8 Department of Otolaryngology, Hirosaki National Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sawako Masuda
- 9 Department of Otolaryngology, National Mie Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sho Hashimoto
- 10 Department of Otolaryngology, National Sendai Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hayato Misawa
- 11 Department of Otolaryngology, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko Shindo
- 12 Department of Rehabilitation, National Hospital Organization Tokyo National Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Mori
- 3 Department of General Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroko Mori
- 3 Department of General Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Uchiyama
- 3 Department of General Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichirou Kamei
- 3 Department of General Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Tanaka
- 3 Department of General Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hironobu Hamaya
- 3 Department of General Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shingo Funatsuki
- 3 Department of General Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoko Usui
- 9 Department of Otolaryngology, National Mie Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ikuno Ito
- 12 Department of Rehabilitation, National Hospital Organization Tokyo National Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohei Hamada
- 12 Department of Rehabilitation, National Hospital Organization Tokyo National Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihito Shindo
- 13 Department of Otolaryngology, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Tokumaru
- 13 Department of Otolaryngology, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Morita
- 14 Department of Neurology National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rumi Ueha
- 2 Department of Otolaryngology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takaharu Nito
- 2 Department of Otolaryngology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shu Kikuta
- 2 Department of Otolaryngology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sotaro Sekimoto
- 1 Department of Artificial Organs and Medical Device Creation, National Institute of Sensory Organs, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Kondo
- 2 Department of Otolaryngology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Sakamoto
- 2 Department of Otolaryngology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Itoh
- 1 Department of Artificial Organs and Medical Device Creation, National Institute of Sensory Organs, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Yamasoba
- 2 Department of Otolaryngology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sumio Matsumoto
- 1 Department of Artificial Organs and Medical Device Creation, National Institute of Sensory Organs, Tokyo, Japan
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Wanagat J, Hevener AL. Mitochondrial quality control in insulin resistance and diabetes. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2016; 38:118-126. [PMID: 27318536 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is increasingly prevalent and a primary contributor to the major causes of disability and death. Despite the central role of mitochondria in metabolism, the relationship between mitochondrial quality and insulin action remains unclear. An increasing number of genetically-engineered and aging rodent models are shedding additional light on the mitochondrion's role in regulating glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity by modulating mitochondrial morphology, function and quality control pathways. Clarification of the role of mitochondria in regulating key cellular processes including metabolic flux, autophagy, and apoptosis will drive the development of novel therapeutic strategies for maintaining mitochondrial quality and improving human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Wanagat
- UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States.
| | - Andrea L Hevener
- UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States.
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6
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Cheema N, Herbst A, McKenzie D, Aiken JM. Apoptosis and necrosis mediate skeletal muscle fiber loss in age-induced mitochondrial enzymatic abnormalities. Aging Cell 2015; 14:1085-93. [PMID: 26365892 PMCID: PMC4693455 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia, the age‐induced loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, results from the contributions of both fiber atrophy and loss of myofibers. We have previously characterized sarcopenia in FBN rats, documenting age‐dependent declines in muscle mass and fiber number along with increased fiber atrophy and fibrosis in vastus lateralis and rectus femoris muscles. Concomitant with these sarcopenic changes is an increased abundance of mitochondrial DNA deletion mutations and electron transport chain (ETC) abnormalities. In this study, we used immunohistological and histochemical approaches to define cell death pathways involved in sarcopenia. Activation of muscle cell death pathways was age‐dependent with most apoptotic and necrotic muscle fibers exhibiting ETC abnormalities. Although activation of apoptosis was a prominent feature of electron transport abnormal muscle fibers, necrosis was predominant in atrophic and broken ETC‐abnormal fibers. These data suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction is a major contributor to the activation of cell death processes in aged muscle fibers. The link between ETC abnormalities, apoptosis, fiber atrophy, and necrosis supports the hypothesis that mitochondrial DNA deletion mutations are causal in myofiber loss. These studies suggest a progression of events beginning with the generation and accumulation of a mtDNA deletion mutation, the concomitant development of ETC abnormalities, a subsequent triggering of apoptotic and, ultimately, necrotic events resulting in muscle fiber atrophy, breakage, and fiber loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nashwa Cheema
- Department of Biological Sciences Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada
| | - Allen Herbst
- Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Sciences Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada
| | - Debbie McKenzie
- Department of Biological Sciences Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada
| | - Judd M. Aiken
- Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Sciences Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada
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7
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Martins RHG, Benito Pessin AB, Nassib DJ, Branco A, Rodrigues SA, Matheus SMM. Aging voice and the laryngeal muscle atrophy. Laryngoscope 2015; 125:2518-21. [DOI: 10.1002/lary.25398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Regina Helena Garcia Martins
- Department of Ophthalmology; Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery; Botucatu Medical School, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista
| | | | - Douglas Jorge Nassib
- Department of Otolaryngology; Botucatu Medical School, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista
| | - Anete Branco
- Department of Otolaryngology; Botucatu Medical School, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista
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8
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Wang H, Listrat A, Meunier B, Gueugneau M, Coudy‐Gandilhon C, Combaret L, Taillandier D, Polge C, Attaix D, Lethias C, Lee K, Goh KL, Béchet D. Apoptosis in capillary endothelial cells in ageing skeletal muscle. Aging Cell 2014; 13:254-62. [PMID: 24245531 PMCID: PMC4331780 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and function (sarcopenia) is a consistent hallmark of ageing. Apoptosis plays an important role in muscle atrophy, and the intent of this study was to specify whether apoptosis is restricted to myofibre nuclei (myonuclei) or occurs in satellite cells or stromal cells of extracellular matrix (ECM). Sarcopenia in mouse gastrocnemius muscle was characterized by myofibre atrophy, oxidative type grouping, delocalization of myonuclei and ECM fibrosis. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labelling (TUNEL) indicated a sharp rise in apoptosis during ageing. TUNEL coupled with immunostaining for dystrophin, paired box protein-7 (Pax7) or laminin-2α, respectively, was used to identify apoptosis in myonuclei, satellite cells and stromal cells. In adult muscle, apoptosis was not detected in myofibres, but was restricted to stromal cells. Moreover, the age-related rise in apoptotic nuclei was essentially due to stromal cells. Myofibre-associated apoptosis nevertheless occurred in old muscle, but represented < 20% of the total muscle apoptosis. Specifically, apoptosis in old muscle affected a small proportion (0.8%) of the myonuclei, but a large part (46%) of the Pax7(+) satellite cells. TUNEL coupled with CD31 immunostaining further attributed stromal apoptosis to capillary endothelial cells. Age-dependent rise in apoptotic capillary endothelial cells was concomitant with altered levels of key angiogenic regulators, perlecan and a perlecan domain V (endorepellin) proteolytic product. Collectively, our results indicate that sarcopenia is associated with apoptosis of satellite cells and impairment of capillary functions, which is likely to contribute to the decline in muscle mass and functionality during ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Wang
- INRA UMR 1019 Unité de Nutrition Humaine CRNH Auvergne F‐63122 Saint Genès Champanelle France
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore Singapore
- INRA‐Vetagro Sup UMR 1213 Unité Mixte de Recherche sur les Herbivores F‐63122Saint Genès Champanelle France
| | - Anne Listrat
- INRA‐Vetagro Sup UMR 1213 Unité Mixte de Recherche sur les Herbivores F‐63122Saint Genès Champanelle France
| | - Bruno Meunier
- INRA‐Vetagro Sup UMR 1213 Unité Mixte de Recherche sur les Herbivores F‐63122Saint Genès Champanelle France
| | - Marine Gueugneau
- INRA UMR 1019 Unité de Nutrition Humaine CRNH Auvergne F‐63122 Saint Genès Champanelle France
- Clermont Université Université d'Auvergne F‐63000Clermont‐Ferrand France
| | - Cécile Coudy‐Gandilhon
- INRA UMR 1019 Unité de Nutrition Humaine CRNH Auvergne F‐63122 Saint Genès Champanelle France
- Clermont Université Université d'Auvergne F‐63000Clermont‐Ferrand France
| | - Lydie Combaret
- INRA UMR 1019 Unité de Nutrition Humaine CRNH Auvergne F‐63122 Saint Genès Champanelle France
- Clermont Université Université d'Auvergne F‐63000Clermont‐Ferrand France
| | - Daniel Taillandier
- INRA UMR 1019 Unité de Nutrition Humaine CRNH Auvergne F‐63122 Saint Genès Champanelle France
- Clermont Université Université d'Auvergne F‐63000Clermont‐Ferrand France
| | - Cécile Polge
- INRA UMR 1019 Unité de Nutrition Humaine CRNH Auvergne F‐63122 Saint Genès Champanelle France
- Clermont Université Université d'Auvergne F‐63000Clermont‐Ferrand France
| | - Didier Attaix
- INRA UMR 1019 Unité de Nutrition Humaine CRNH Auvergne F‐63122 Saint Genès Champanelle France
- Clermont Université Université d'Auvergne F‐63000Clermont‐Ferrand France
| | - Claire Lethias
- UMR5305 Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines CNRS‐Université de Lyon F‐69367Lyon France
| | - Kijoon Lee
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore Singapore
| | - Kheng Lim Goh
- School of Mechanical and Systems Engineering Newcastle University International Singapore Singapore
| | - Daniel Béchet
- INRA UMR 1019 Unité de Nutrition Humaine CRNH Auvergne F‐63122 Saint Genès Champanelle France
- Clermont Université Université d'Auvergne F‐63000Clermont‐Ferrand France
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9
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Suetta C, Frandsen U, Jensen L, Jensen MM, Jespersen JG, Hvid LG, Bayer M, Petersson SJ, Schrøder HD, Andersen JL, Heinemeier KM, Aagaard P, Schjerling P, Kjaer M. Aging affects the transcriptional regulation of human skeletal muscle disuse atrophy. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51238. [PMID: 23284670 PMCID: PMC3526599 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Important insights concerning the molecular basis of skeletal muscle disuse-atrophy and aging related muscle loss have been obtained in cell culture and animal models, but these regulatory signaling pathways have not previously been studied in aging human muscle. In the present study, muscle atrophy was induced by immobilization in healthy old and young individuals to study the time-course and transcriptional factors underlying human skeletal muscle atrophy. The results reveal that irrespectively of age, mRNA expression levels of MuRF-1 and Atrogin-1 increased in the very initial phase (2–4 days) of human disuse-muscle atrophy along with a marked reduction in PGC-1α and PGC-1β (1–4 days) and a ∼10% decrease in myofiber size (4 days). Further, an age-specific decrease in Akt and S6 phosphorylation was observed in young muscle within the first days (1–4 days) of immobilization. In contrast, Akt phosphorylation was unchanged in old muscle after 2 days and increased after 4 days of immobilization. Further, an age-specific down-regulation of MuRF-1 and Atrogin-1 expression levels was observed following 2 weeks of immobilization, along with a slowing atrophy response in aged skeletal muscle. Neither the immediate loss of muscle mass, nor the subsequent age-differentiated signaling responses could be explained by changes in inflammatory mediators, apoptosis markers or autophagy indicators. Collectively, these findings indicate that the time-course and regulation of human skeletal muscle atrophy is age dependent, leading to an attenuated loss in aging skeletal muscle when exposed to longer periods of immobility-induced disuse.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aging/genetics
- Aging/metabolism
- Aging/pathology
- Aging/physiology
- Apoptosis/genetics
- Autophagy/genetics
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/genetics
- Heat-Shock Proteins/genetics
- Humans
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/metabolism
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Muscle Contraction/genetics
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/pathology
- Muscle Proteins/genetics
- Muscle Strength/genetics
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Muscle, Skeletal/physiopathology
- Muscular Disorders, Atrophic/genetics
- Muscular Disorders, Atrophic/metabolism
- Muscular Disorders, Atrophic/pathology
- Muscular Disorders, Atrophic/physiopathology
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Organ Size
- Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription, Genetic/genetics
- Transcriptome
- Tripartite Motif Proteins
- Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/genetics
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Suetta
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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10
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Lee K, Kletzien H, Connor NP, Schultz E, Chamberlain CS, Bless DM. Effects of aging on thyroarytenoid muscle regeneration. Laryngoscope 2012; 122:2800-7. [PMID: 22965923 PMCID: PMC3522788 DOI: 10.1002/lary.23589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2011] [Revised: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Regenerative properties of age-associated changes in the intrinsic laryngeal muscles following injury are unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the regenerative properties of the thyroarytenoid (TA) muscle in an aging rat model. The hypothesis was that following myotoxic injury, old animals would exhibit a decrease in mitotic activities of muscle satellite cells when compared with younger rats, suggesting reduced regenerative potential in the aging rat TA muscle. STUDY DESIGN Animal group comparison. METHODS Regeneration responses following injury to the TA muscle were examined in 18 young adult, middle-aged, and old Fischer 344/Brown Norway rats. TA muscle fiber cross-sectional area (CSA), satellite cell mitosis (number/fiber), and regeneration index (CSA injured side/CSA noninjured side) were measured and compared across age groups. RESULTS Young adult animals had a significantly higher regeneration index than the middle-aged and old groups. Within the lateral region of the TA muscle (LTA), the regeneration index was significantly higher in the young adult animals than in the middle-aged and old animals. The regeneration index of the medial TA was significantly higher than the LTA across all age groups. CONCLUSIONS The regenerative capacity of the TA muscle is impaired with increasing age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungah Lee
- Department of Communicative Disorders University of Wisconsin-Madison
- Department of Surgery, Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Heidi Kletzien
- Department of Surgery, Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Nadine P. Connor
- Department of Communicative Disorders University of Wisconsin-Madison
- Department of Surgery, Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | | | | | - Diane M. Bless
- Department of Surgery, Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery University of Wisconsin-Madison
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11
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Skeletal muscle mitochondria and aging: a review. J Aging Res 2012; 2012:194821. [PMID: 22888430 PMCID: PMC3408651 DOI: 10.1155/2012/194821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is characterized by a progressive loss of muscle mass and muscle strength. Declines in skeletal muscle mitochondria are thought to play a primary role in this process. Mitochondria are the major producers of reactive oxygen species, which damage DNA, proteins, and lipids if not rapidly quenched. Animal and human studies typically show that skeletal muscle mitochondria are altered with aging, including increased mutations in mitochondrial DNA, decreased activity of some mitochondrial enzymes, altered respiration with reduced maximal capacity at least in sedentary individuals, and reduced total mitochondrial content with increased morphological changes. However, there has been much controversy over measurements of mitochondrial energy production, which may largely be explained by differences in approach and by whether physical activity is controlled for. These changes may in turn alter mitochondrial dynamics, such as fusion and fission rates, and mitochondrially induced apoptosis, which may also lead to net muscle fiber loss and age-related sarcopenia. Fortunately, strategies such as exercise and caloric restriction that reduce oxidative damage also improve mitochondrial function. While these strategies may not completely prevent the primary effects of aging, they may help to attenuate the rate of decline.
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12
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Marzetti E, Lees HA, Manini TM, Buford TW, Aranda JM, Calvani R, Capuani G, Marsiske M, Lott DJ, Vandenborne K, Bernabei R, Pahor M, Leeuwenburgh C, Wohlgemuth SE. Skeletal muscle apoptotic signaling predicts thigh muscle volume and gait speed in community-dwelling older persons: an exploratory study. PLoS One 2012; 7:e32829. [PMID: 22389725 PMCID: PMC3289676 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2011] [Accepted: 02/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Preclinical studies strongly suggest that accelerated apoptosis in skeletal myocytes may be involved in the pathogenesis of sarcopenia. However, evidence in humans is sparse. In the present study, we investigated whether apoptotic signaling in the skeletal muscle was associated with indices of muscle mass and function in older persons. Methodology/Principal Findings Community-dwelling older adults were categorized into high-functioning (HF) or low-functioning (LF) groups according to their short physical performance battery (SPPB) summary score. Participants underwent an isokinetic knee extensor strength test and 3-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging of the thigh. Vastus lateralis muscle samples were obtained by percutaneous needle biopsy and assayed for the expression of a set of apoptotic signaling proteins. Age, sex, number of comorbid conditions and medications as well as knee extensor strength were not different between groups. HF participants displayed greater thigh muscle volume compared with LF persons. Multivariate partial least squares (PLS) regressions showed significant correlations between caspase-dependent apoptotic signaling proteins and the muscular percentage of thigh volume (R2 = 0.78; Q2 = 0.61) as well as gait speed (R2 = 0.81; Q2 = 0.56). Significant variables in the PLS model of percent muscle volume were active caspase-8, cleaved caspase-3, cytosolic cytochrome c and mitochondrial Bak. The regression model of gait speed was mainly described by cleaved caspase-3 and mitochondrial Bax and Bak. PLS predictive apoptotic variables did not differ between functional groups. No correlation was determined between apoptotic signaling proteins and muscle strength or quality (strength per unit volume). Conclusions/Significance Data from this exploratory study show for the first time that apoptotic signaling is correlated with indices of muscle mass and function in a cohort of community-dwelling older persons. Future larger-scale studies are needed to corroborate these preliminary findings and determine if down-regulation of apoptotic signaling in skeletal myocytes will provide improvements in the muscle mass and functional status of older persons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Marzetti
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, Institute on Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Institute of Orthopedics, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail: (EM); (CL)
| | - Hazel A. Lees
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, Institute on Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Todd M. Manini
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, Institute on Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Thomas W. Buford
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, Institute on Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Juan M. Aranda
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Riccardo Calvani
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Crystallography, Bari, Italy
- Department of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Physiatrics, Institute of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Capuani
- Department of Chemistry, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Michael Marsiske
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Donovan J. Lott
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Krista Vandenborne
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Roberto Bernabei
- Department of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Physiatrics, Institute of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Pahor
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, Institute on Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Christiaan Leeuwenburgh
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, Institute on Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail: (EM); (CL)
| | - Stephanie E. Wohlgemuth
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, Institute on Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
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13
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Tellis CM, Rosen C, Close JM, Horton M, Yaruss JS, Verdolini-Abbott K, Sciote JJ. Cytochrome c oxidase deficiency in human posterior cricoarytenoid muscle. J Voice 2011; 25:387-94. [PMID: 20685075 PMCID: PMC3917494 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2010.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2009] [Accepted: 03/09/2010] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial alterations occur in skeletal muscle fibers throughout the normal aging process, resulting from increased accumulation of reactive oxide species (ROS). These result in respiratory chain abnormalities, which decrease the oxidative capacity of muscle fibers, leading to decreased contractile force, sarcopenia, or fiber necrosis. Intrinsic laryngeal muscles are a cranial muscle group that possesses some distinctive genotypic, phenotypic, and physiologic properties. Their susceptibility to mitochondrial alterations resulting from biological processes that increase levels of oxidative stress may be one of these distinctive characteristics. OBJECTIVES The incidence of cytochrome c oxidase (COX) deficiency (COX(-)) was determined in human posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA) muscle when compared with the human thyrohyoid (TH) muscle, an extrinsic laryngeal muscle that served as "control" muscle. Ten PCA and 10 TH muscles were harvested postlaryngectomy from 10 subjects ranging in age from 55 to 86 years. Differences in COX(-) were compared within and between muscle types using tissue section staining and standard morphometric analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS COX(-) fibers were identified in both the PCA and TH muscles. The PCA muscle had 10 times as may affected fibers as the TH muscle, with significant differences in COX(-) found between muscle type and fiber type (P=0.003). Almost all of this effect was the result of elevated levels of COX(-) in type I fibers from the PCA muscle (P=0.002) that showed a strong positive correlation with increased age. These results suggest that increased mitochondrial alterations may occur in the PCA muscle during normal aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cari M Tellis
- Speech-Language Pathology Department, Misericordia University, Dallas, Pennsylvania 18612, USA.
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14
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Johnson AM, Connor NP. Effects of electrical stimulation on neuromuscular junction morphology in the aging rat tongue. Muscle Nerve 2011; 43:203-11. [PMID: 21254085 DOI: 10.1002/mus.21819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in neuromuscular junction (NMJ) structure in cranial muscles may contribute to age-related deficits in critical sensorimotor actions such as swallowing. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is used in swallowing therapy, but it is unclear how NMJ structure is affected or if NMJ morphology is best measured in two or three dimensions. Two- and three-dimensional measurements of NMJ morphology in the genioglossus muscle were compared in rats that had undergone 8 weeks of hypoglossal nerve stimulation vs. untreated controls. The relationship between motor endplate volume and nerve terminal volume had a mean positive slope in 90% of the young adult controls, but it was positive in only 50% of the old controls; 89% of NMES old rats had a positive slope. NMJ measurements were more accurate when measured in three dimensions. In the NMJ, aging and NMES are associated with changes in the pre- and post-synaptic relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M Johnson
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53792, USA
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15
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Buford TW, Anton SD, Judge AR, Marzetti E, Wohlgemuth SE, Carter CS, Leeuwenburgh C, Pahor M, Manini TM. Models of accelerated sarcopenia: critical pieces for solving the puzzle of age-related muscle atrophy. Ageing Res Rev 2010; 9:369-83. [PMID: 20438881 PMCID: PMC3788572 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2010.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2010] [Revised: 04/14/2010] [Accepted: 04/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Sarcopenia, the age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass, is a significant public health concern that continues to grow in relevance as the population ages. Certain conditions have the strong potential to coincide with sarcopenia to accelerate the progression of muscle atrophy in older adults. Among these conditions are co-morbid diseases common to older individuals such as cancer, kidney disease, diabetes, and peripheral artery disease. Furthermore, behaviors such as poor nutrition and physical inactivity are well-known to contribute to sarcopenia development. However, we argue that these behaviors are not inherent to the development of sarcopenia but rather accelerate its progression. In the present review, we discuss how these factors affect systemic and cellular mechanisms that contribute to skeletal muscle atrophy. In addition, we describe gaps in the literature concerning the role of these factors in accelerating sarcopenia progression. Elucidating biochemical pathways related to accelerated muscle atrophy may allow for improved discovery of therapeutic treatments related to sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W. Buford
- Institute on Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Stephen D. Anton
- Institute on Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Andrew R. Judge
- Institute on Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | | | | | | | | | - Marco Pahor
- Institute on Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Todd M. Manini
- Institute on Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
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16
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Marzetti E, Privitera G, Simili V, Wohlgemuth SE, Aulisa L, Pahor M, Leeuwenburgh C. Multiple pathways to the same end: mechanisms of myonuclear apoptosis in sarcopenia of aging. ScientificWorldJournal 2010; 10:340-9. [PMID: 20191247 PMCID: PMC4311890 DOI: 10.1100/tsw.2010.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia, the age-related decline in muscle mass and function, represents a significant health issue due to the high prevalence of frailty and disability associated with this condition. Nevertheless, the cellular mechanisms responsible for the loss of muscle mass in old age are still largely unknown. An altered regulation of myocyte apoptosis has recently emerged as a possible contributor to the pathogenesis of sarcopenia. Studies in animal models have shown that the severity of skeletal muscle apoptosis increases over the course of aging and correlates with the degree of muscle mass and strength decline. Several apoptotic pathways are operative in aged muscles, with the mitochondria- and TNF-α-mediated pathways likely being the most relevant to sarcopenia. However, despite the growing number of studies on the subject, a definite mechanistic link between myocyte apoptosis and age-related muscle atrophy has not yet been established. Furthermore, the evidence on the role played by apoptosis in human sarcopenia is still sparse. Clearly, further research is required to better define the involvement of myocyte apoptosis in the pathogenesis of muscle loss at advanced age. This knowledge will likely help in the design of more effective therapeutic strategies to preserve muscle mass into old age, thus fostering independence of the elderly population and reducing the socioeconomic burden associated with sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Marzetti
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, Institute on Aging, Division of Biology of Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA.
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17
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Marzetti E, Carter CS, Wohlgemuth SE, Lees HA, Giovannini S, Anderson B, Quinn LS, Leeuwenburgh C. Changes in IL-15 expression and death-receptor apoptotic signaling in rat gastrocnemius muscle with aging and life-long calorie restriction. Mech Ageing Dev 2009; 130:272-80. [PMID: 19396981 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2008.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
TNF-alpha-mediated apoptosis is enhanced in aged rodent muscles, suggesting that this pathway may be involved in sarcopenia. Interleukin-15 (IL-15), a muscle-derived anabolic cytokine, mitigates muscle wasting and apoptosis in cachectic rats. This effect is thought to occur through inhibition of TNF-alpha-triggered apoptosis. We investigated IL-15 signaling and the TNF-alpha-mediated pathway of apoptosis in the gastrocnemius muscle of Fischer344xBrown Norway rats across the ages of 8, 18, 29 and 37 months, in relation to life-long calorie restriction (CR, 40% calorie intake reduction). Aging caused loss of muscle mass and increased apoptotic DNA fragmentation, which were mitigated by CR. Protein levels of IL-15 and mRNA abundance of IL-15 receptor a-chain decreased in senescent ad libitum (AL) fed rats, but were maintained in CR rodents. Elevations of TNF-alpha, TNF-receptor 1, cleaved caspase-8 and -3 were observed at advanced age in AL rats. These changes were prevented or mitigated by CR. Our results indicate that aging is associated with decreased IL-15 signaling in rat gastrocnemius muscle, which may contribute to sarcopenia partly through enhanced TNF-alpha-mediated apoptosis. Preservation of IL-15 signaling by CR may therefore represent a further mechanism contributing to the anti-aging effect of this dietary intervention in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Marzetti
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, Institute on Aging, Division of Biology of Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0143, USA.
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18
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Lyon MJ, Malmgren LT. Age-related blood flow changes in the rat intrinsic laryngeal muscles. Acta Otolaryngol 2009; 130:145-9. [PMID: 19459074 DOI: 10.3109/00016480902968078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that a deceased laryngeal blood flow (BF) could be one contributing factor to age-related phonatory and airway dysfunction. OBJECTIVE Studies of non-laryngeal muscles suggest that decreased BF may contribute to an age-related decline in muscle performance. We hypothesized that there is an age-related BF decrease to the intrinsic laryngeal muscles. MATERIALS AND METHODS Intrinsic laryngeal muscle BF was measured in young (3-6 months old; n=11) and old (28-30 months old; n=21) male Fischer 344 rats during quiet respiration using the radiolabeled microsphere technique. RESULTS BF to the posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA) was very high even during this submaximal recruitment, consistent with its specialization for oxidative metabolism and fatigue resistance. The results demonstrated significant (p<0.05) age-related BF decreases in the thyroarytenoid (young, 163; old, 64 ml/min/100 g), cricothyroid (young, 104; old, 52 ml/min/100 g), and PCA (young, 404; old, 235 ml/min/100 g).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Lyon
- Otolaryngology and Communication Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA.
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19
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Marzetti E, Groban L, Wohlgemuth SE, Lees HA, Lin M, Jobe H, Giovannini S, Leeuwenburgh C, Carter CS. Effects of short-term GH supplementation and treadmill exercise training on physical performance and skeletal muscle apoptosis in old rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2007; 294:R558-67. [PMID: 18003794 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00620.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) supplementation at old age has been shown to improve body composition, although its effect on muscle performance is still debated. On the other hand, resistance training increases muscle mass and strength even when initiated at advanced age. In the present study, we investigated the effects of short-term GH supplementation and exercise training on physical performance and skeletal muscle apoptosis in aged rats. Old (28 mo) male Fischer 344 x Brown Norway rats were randomized to 4 wk of GH supplementation (300 mug subcutaneous, twice daily) or 4 wk of treadmill running or used as sedentary controls. Eight-month-old rats, sedentary or exercised, were used as young controls. Exercise training improved exercise capacity and muscle strength in old animals. In soleus muscle, age and exercise were not associated with significant changes in the extent of apoptosis. However, we detected an age-related increase of cleaved caspase-8 (+98%), cleaved caspase-3 (+136%), and apoptotic DNA fragmentation (+203%) in the extensor digitorum longus muscle of old sedentary rats, which was attenuated by exercise. GH administration neither ameliorated physical performance nor attenuated apoptosis in extensor digitorum longus and was associated with increased apoptosis in soleus muscle (+206% vs. old controls). Our findings indicate that a short-term program of exercise training started at advanced age reverses age-related skeletal muscle apoptosis and represents an effective strategy to improve physical performance. In contrast, short-term administration of GH late in life does not provide any protection against functional decline or muscle aging and may even accelerate apoptosis in slow-twitch muscles, such as the soleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Marzetti
- Department of Aging and Geriatrics, Institute on Aging, Division of Biology of Aging, University of Florida, 1600 SW Archer Road, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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20
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Abstract
The peripheral nervous system has the intrinsic capacity to regenerate but the reinnervation of muscles is often suboptimal and results in limited recovery of function. Injuries to nerves that innervate complex organs such as the larynx are particularly difficult to treat. The many functions of the larynx have evolved through the intricate neural regulation of highly specialized laryngeal muscles. In this review, we examine the responses of nerves and muscles to injury, focusing on changes in the expression of neurotrophic factors, and highlight differences between the skeletal limb and laryngeal muscle systems. We also describe how artificial nerve conduits have become a useful tool for delivery of neurotrophic factors as therapeutic agents to promote peripheral nerve repair and might eventually be useful in the treatment of laryngeal nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Kingham
- Blond McIndoe Research Laboratories, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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21
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Marzetti E, Leeuwenburgh C. Skeletal muscle apoptosis, sarcopenia and frailty at old age. Exp Gerontol 2006; 41:1234-8. [PMID: 17052879 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2006.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2006] [Accepted: 08/29/2006] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The loss of muscle mass and strength with aging, also referred to as sarcopenia of aging, is a highly prevalent condition among older adults and predicts several adverse outcomes, including disability, institutionalization and mortality. Although the exact mechanisms underlying sarcopenia are far to be unveiled, accumulating preclinical evidence suggests that an age-related acceleration of myocytes loss via apoptosis might represent a key mechanism driving the onset and progression of muscle loss. Furthermore, increased levels of apoptosis have also been reported in old rats undergoing acute muscle atrophy subsequent to muscle unloading, a condition that mimics the muscle loss observed during prolonged bed rest. Notably, preliminary evidence seems to confirm a causative role for apoptosis in age-related muscle loss in human subjects. Several signaling pathways of skeletal muscle apoptosis are currently under intense investigation, with a particular focus on the role played by mitochondria. Here, we will review the most recent evidence regarding various pathways of muscle apoptosis and their modulation by several interventions (caloric restriction, physical exercise, muscle unloading).
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Marzetti
- Department of Aging and Geriatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Division of Biology of Aging, Institute on Aging, Biochemistry of Aging Laboratory, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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22
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Dirks AJ, Hofer T, Marzetti E, Pahor M, Leeuwenburgh C. Mitochondrial DNA mutations, energy metabolism and apoptosis in aging muscle. Ageing Res Rev 2006; 5:179-95. [PMID: 16647308 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2006.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Locomotor functional decline and loss in muscle mass with age is virtually a universal characteristic that has been documented in several species, including worms, fruit flies, rodents, non-human primates and humans. The age-related loss of muscle mass and strength (sarcopenia) represents an important risk factor for disability and mortality in older subjects and has been linked with cellular energy deficit and increased apoptosis at old age. Many key theories on aging describing the mechanisms underlying sarcopenia are now focused on the mitochondria because of their dichotomous role in controlling life and death processes within myocytes. Mitochondria represent the main producers of cellular energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate, but are also considered a key regulatory center of apoptosis. Unknown factors leading to a decrease in aerobic energy efficiency are linked with mitochondrial mutations which may result into apoptosis. Moreover, deregulation of autophagy (degradation and recycling of long-lived protein and organelles, such as the mitochondria) in post-mitotic tissue might also be responsible for the age-associated cellular energy failure. Alterations in specific signaling pathways, such as AMP-activated protein kinases, play a role in both cell survival response and apoptotic response depending on energy depletion. Evidence supports that apoptosis occurring in aging skeletal muscle may be due, in part, to the progressive decline in mitochondrial function and the resulting energy depletion within the cell. In turn, mitochondrial dysfunction is partly due to the accumulation of oxidative damage to macromolecules, including mitochondrial DNA, RNA and proteins, essential components for optimal functioning of mitochondria. Evidence concerning these series of events leading to energy depletion and apoptosis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amie J Dirks
- Wingate University, School of Pharmacy, 316 N. Main Street, Wingate, NC 28174, USA
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23
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McMullen CA, Andrade FH. Contractile dysfunction and altered metabolic profile of the aging rat thyroarytenoid muscle. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2005; 100:602-8. [PMID: 16239605 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01066.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The larynx and its muscles are important for ventilation, coughing, sneezing, swallowing, Valsalva's maneuver, and phonation. Because of their functional demands, the intrinsic laryngeal muscles have a unique phenotype: very small and fast fibers with high mitochondrial content. How aging affects their function is largely unknown. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that an intrinsic laryngeal muscle (thyroarytenoid muscle, a vocal fold adductor) would become weaker, slower, and fatigable with age. Muscles from Fischer 344 x Brown Norway F1 hybrid rats (6, 18, and 30 mo of age) were used for in vitro contractile function and histology. Thyroarytenoid muscles generated significantly lower twitch and tetanic forces at 30 mo vs. 6 and 18 mo. Maximal shortening velocity decreased by 20% at 30 mo (vs. 6 mo), and velocity of unloaded shortening was slower at 18 and 30 mo by 19 and 27% vs. 6 mo. There was no histochemical evidence of altered myosin ATPase activity at 18 or 30 mo of age. Fatigue resistance was significantly decreased at 18 and 30 mo. We also found abundant mitochondrial clusters and ragged red fibers in the muscles of 30-mo-old rats, and there was an age-related increase in glycogen-positive fibers. We conclude that rat thyroarytenoid muscles become weaker, slower, and more fatigable with age. These functional changes are not due to alterations in myosin ATPase activity, but a switch in the expression of myosin isoforms remains a possibility. Finally, the alterations in mitochondrial and glycogen content indicate a shift in the metabolic characteristics of these muscles with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen A McMullen
- Department of Physiology, Univ. of Kentucky, MS508 UKMC, 800 Rose St. Lexington, KY 40536-0298, USA
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24
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Abstract
Muscle-fiber loss is a characteristic of many progressive neuromuscular disorders. Over the past decade, identification of a growing number of apoptosis-associated factors and events in pathological skeletal muscle provided increasing evidence that apoptotic cell-death mechanisms account significantly for muscle-fiber atrophy and loss in a wide spectrum of neuromuscular disorders. It became obvious that there is not one specific pathway for muscle fibers to undergo apoptotic degradation. In contrast, certain neuromuscular diseases seem to involve characteristic expression patterns of apoptosis-related factors and pathways. Furthermore, there are some characteristics of muscle-fiber apoptosis that rely on the muscle fiber itself as an extremely specified cell type. Multinucleated muscle fibers with successive muscle-fiber segments controlled by individual nuclei display some specifics different from apoptosis of mononucleated cells. This review focuses on the expression patterns of apoptosis-associated factors in different primary and secondary neuromuscular disorders and gives a synopsis of current knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique S Tews
- Edinger-Institute, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Hospital, Deutschordenstrasse 46, D-60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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25
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Kadi F, Charifi N, Denis C, Lexell J. Satellite cells and myonuclei in young and elderly women and men. Muscle Nerve 2004; 29:120-7. [PMID: 14694507 DOI: 10.1002/mus.10510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The overall aim of this study was to assess the effects of aging on the satellite cell population. Muscle biopsies were taken from the tibialis anterior muscle of healthy, moderately active young (age range, 20-32 years; n = 31) and elderly (age range, 70-83 years; n = 27) women and men with comparable physical activity pattern. Satellite cells and myonuclei were visualized using a monoclonal antibody against neural cell adhesion molecule and counterstained with Mayer's hematoxylin. An average of 211 (range, 192-241) muscle fibers were examined for each individual. Compared with the young women and men, the elderly subjects had a significantly lower (P < 0.011) number of satellite cells per muscle fiber but a significantly higher (P < 0.004) number of myonuclei per muscle fiber. The number of satellite cells relative to the total number of nuclei [satellite cells/(myonuclei + satellite cells)] was significantly lower in the elderly than in the young women and men. These results imply that a reduction in the satellite cell population occurs as a result of increasing age in healthy men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawzi Kadi
- Department of Physical Education and Health, Orebro University, 70182 Orebro, Sweden.
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Hertegård S, Hallén L, Laurent C, Lindström E, Olofsson K, Testad P, Dahlqvist A. Cross-linked hyaluronan used as augmentation substance for treatment of glottal insufficiency: safety aspects and vocal fold function. Laryngoscope 2002; 112:2211-9. [PMID: 12461343 DOI: 10.1097/00005537-200212000-00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine safety aspects and vocal fold function after vocal fold augmentation with a cross-linked hyaluronan derivative (hylan B gel) as compared with bovine collagen. STUDY DESIGN; A prospective, randomized trial. METHODS Eighty-three patients with glottal insufficiency were treated with injection augmentation with hylan B gel and bovine collagen and were examined at 1, 6, and 12 months after treatment. Seventy patients with unilateral vocal fold paresis (n = 35) or atrophy (n = 35) were randomly assigned to receive either hylan B gel (n = 47) or collagen (n = 23) injections into one vocal fold. Thirteen patients with glottal insufficiency caused by scar defects or paresis resulting from malignant disease were included in a nonrandomized group and were treated only with hylan B gel. Evaluations were made from patients' subjective ratings (visual analogue scales), digitized videostroboscopic measurements, phonetograms, maximum phonation time, and phonation quotients. RESULTS Twelve months after injections, the patients' self-ratings were significantly improved for both the hylan B gel and the collagen groups. In addition, the videostroboscopic measurements showed significantly improved glottal closure for both groups. However, for the hylan B gel group, vibration amplitude and glottal area variations were preserved, and this group showed significantly less resorption at the injected vocal fold edge. Furthermore, maximum phonation time had increased significantly for the hylan B gel patients (collagen, nonsignificant). No serious adverse events were observed; three patients injected with hylan B gel had temporary inflammation at the injection site, which resolved without sequelae. CONCLUSIONS The results showed that both hylan B gel and collagen can be safely used for injection treatment of glottal insufficiency. Both treatments resulted in significantly improved voice as rated by the patients. However, the patients treated with hylan B gel showed better vocal fold status and longer maximum phonation time at 12 months after treatment as compared with patients treated with collagen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stellan Hertegård
- Department of Logopedics and Phoniatrics, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Edgerton VR, Roy RR, Allen DL, Monti RJ. Adaptations in skeletal muscle disuse or decreased-use atrophy. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2002; 81:S127-47. [PMID: 12409818 DOI: 10.1097/00002060-200211001-00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Those factors that seem to play some role in inducing adaptations of skeletal muscle in vivo are discussed. The role of myogenesis in maintaining and repairing muscle during atrophic and hypertrophic states is discussed, including pointing out that the modulation of myonuclear number is one means of adapting to varying chronic levels of neuromuscular activity. Finally, we point out the potential consequences of muscle atrophy on the control of movement and the susceptibility to fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Reggie Edgerton
- Brain Research Institute, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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