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Fang R, Wang Z, Wang J, Gu J, Yin G, Chen Q, Xia X, Li Z. Patient-specific pulmonary venous flow characterization and its impact on left atrial appendage thrombosis in atrial fibrillation patients. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2024; 257:108428. [PMID: 39326361 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2024.108428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 08/30/2024] [Accepted: 09/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardioembolic strokes are commonly occurred in non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF) patients, with over 90% of cases originating from clot in left atrial appendage (LAA), which is believed to be greatly related with hemodynamic characters. Numerical simulation is widely accepted in the hemodynamic analysis, and patient-specific boundaries are required for realistic numerical simulations. METHOD This paper firstly proposed a method that maps personalized pulmonary venous flow (PVF) by utilizing the volume changes of the left atrium (LA) over the cardiac cycle. Then we used data from patients with AF to investigate the correlation between PVF patterns and hemodynamics within the LAA. Meanwhile, we conducted a fluid-structure interaction analysis to assess the impact of velocity- and time-related PVF parameters on LAA hemodynamic characters. RESULTS The analysis reveal that the ratio of systolic to diastolic peak velocity (VS/VD), and systolic velocity-time integral (VTI) showed a significant influence on LAA velocity in patients with atrial fibrillation, and the increases of velocity- and time-related parameters were found to be positively correlated with the blood update in the LAA. CONCLUSIONS This study established a method for mapping patient-specific PVF based on LA volume change, and evaluated the relationship between PVF parameters and thrombosis risk. The present work provides an insight from PVF characters to evaluate the risk of thrombus formation within LAA in patients with AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runxin Fang
- Jiangsu Institute of Metrology, Nanjing 210049, China; School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Zidun Wang
- First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jiaqiu Wang
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane QLD4001, Australia; School of Engineering, London South Bank University, London, UK
| | - Jiayu Gu
- Jiangsu Institute of Metrology, Nanjing 210049, China
| | - Geman Yin
- Jiangsu Institute of Metrology, Nanjing 210049, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Xunrong Xia
- Jiangsu Institute of Metrology, Nanjing 210049, China
| | - Zhiyong Li
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane QLD4001, Australia; Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China.
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2
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Jang AY, Kang WC, Park YM, Ha K, Seo J, Oh PC, Lee K, Moon J. The Thromboembolic Predictability of CHA 2DS 2-VASc Scores Using Different Echocardiographic Criteria for Congestive Heart Failure in Korean Patients with Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11020300. [PMID: 35053995 PMCID: PMC8781364 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11020300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The association between congestive heart failure (CHF) of the CHA2DS2-VASc scores and thromboembolic (TE) events in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) is a topic of debate due to conflicting results. As the importance of diastolic impairment in the occurrence of TE events is increasingly recognized, it is crucial to evaluate the predictive power of CHA2DS2-VASc scores with C criterion integrating diastolic parameters. We analyzed 4200 Korean nonvalvular AF patients (71 years of age, 59% men) to compare multiple echocardiographic definitions of CHF. Various guideline-suggested echocardiographic parameters for systolic or diastolic impairment, including left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤ 40%, the ratio of early diastolic mitral inflow velocity to early diastolic velocity of the mitral annulus (E/E’) ≥ 11, left atrial volume index > 34 mL/m2, and many others were tested for C criteria. Multivariate-adjusted Cox regression analysis showed that CHA2DS2-VASc score was an independent predictor for composite thromboembolic events only when CHF was defined as E/E’ ≥ 11 (hazard ratio, 1.26; p = 0.044) but not with other criteria including the original definition (hazard ratio, 1.10; p = 0.359). Our findings suggest that C criterion defined as diastolic impairment, such as E/E’ ≥ 11, may improve the predictive value of CHA2DS2-VASc scores.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Woong Chol Kang
- Correspondence: (W.C.K.); (J.M.); Tel.: +82-32-460-3054 (W.C.K. & J.M.); Fax: +82-32-460-1901 (W.C.K.); +82-32-469-1906 (J.M.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jeonggeun Moon
- Correspondence: (W.C.K.); (J.M.); Tel.: +82-32-460-3054 (W.C.K. & J.M.); Fax: +82-32-460-1901 (W.C.K.); +82-32-469-1906 (J.M.)
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3
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Reddy BG, Singh NG, Nagaraja PS, Subhash S, Prabhushankar CG, Manjunatha N, Chintha V. Transesophageal echocardiographic evaluation of pulmonary vein diastolic wave deceleration time - As a predictor of left atrial pressure. Ann Card Anaesth 2020; 23:34-38. [PMID: 31929244 PMCID: PMC7034208 DOI: 10.4103/aca.aca_253_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The deceleration time of the pulmonary venous diastolic flow has been well-correlated with invasive pulmonary capillary wedge pressure in several studies regardless of left ventricular systolic function. This study was conducted to correlate deceleration time of pulmonary venous diastolic wave, DT(D), and left atrial pressure (LAP), obtained noninvasively from mitral early diastolic inflow velocity-to-early diastolic mitral annulus velocity ratio (E/e′), and to assess the ease of each method in patients with coronary artery disease undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB) by transesophageal echocardiography. Methods: Forty-five adult patients with coronary artery disease, with left ventricular ejection fraction of ≥50% posted for elective OPCAB were enrolled in the study. Results: Forty values of LAP and DT(D) were analyzed. A significant linear correlation (r = −0.64) was found between DT(D) and LAP. Area under the curve of DT(D) of ≤183 ms for predicting elevated LAP (>15) was 0.903 (95% confidence interval: 0.767 to 0.974, P < 0.0001). Conclusion: Deceleration time of pulmonary venous flow diastolic waveform, DT(D), feasible promising echocardiographic measure in determining elevated LAP and DT(D) ≤183 ms predicts elevated LAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavya G Reddy
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Sri Jayadeva Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Research, Jayanagar, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Naveen G Singh
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Sri Jayadeva Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Research, Jayanagar, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - P S Nagaraja
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Sri Jayadeva Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Research, Jayanagar, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - S Subhash
- Department of Anaesthesia, Kerala Institute of Medical Sciences, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - C G Prabhushankar
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Sri Jayadeva Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Research, Jayanagar, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - N Manjunatha
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Sri Jayadeva Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Research, Jayanagar, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Vineela Chintha
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Sri Jayadeva Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Research, Jayanagar, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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4
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Liu L, Wu L, Zheng L, Ding L, Chen G, Fan X, Yao Y. Associations Between Multiple Circulating Biomarkers and the Presence of Atrial Fibrillation in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy with or Without Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction. Int Heart J 2019; 60:327-335. [DOI: 10.1536/ihj.18-438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Limin Liu
- Clinical EP Lab & Arrhythmia Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
| | - Lingmin Wu
- Clinical EP Lab & Arrhythmia Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
| | - Lihui Zheng
- Clinical EP Lab & Arrhythmia Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
| | - Ligang Ding
- Clinical EP Lab & Arrhythmia Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
| | - Gang Chen
- Clinical EP Lab & Arrhythmia Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
| | - Xiaohan Fan
- Clinical EP Lab & Arrhythmia Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
| | - Yan Yao
- Clinical EP Lab & Arrhythmia Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
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Park K, Park TH, Kim SJ, Cho YR, Park JS, Kim MH, Kim YD. Changes in mitral annular velocities after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation. Echocardiography 2018; 35:1782-1787. [PMID: 30225938 DOI: 10.1111/echo.14139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The early diastolic mitral annular velocity (e') and mitral E/e' criteria for clinically evaluating diastolic dysfunction in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) are almost the same as in patients with sinus rhythm. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether e' is useful to assess diastolic function in AF patients. METHODS Thirty patients who underwent successful electric cardioversion (EC) due to persistent AF and who maintained sinus rhythm for 1 month after EC were enrolled in this study. Transthoracic echocardiography was performed on all patients before and 1 month after EC. Standard diastolic parameters, the global longitudinal strain (GLS), and left ventricular (LV) twist were measured. RESULTS Conventional Doppler parameters measured before EC were not significantly different from 1 month after EC. However, the lateral and septal e' were significantly decreased 1 month after EC (from 12.8 ± 2.5 to 9.8 ± 2.3 cm/s and from 9.5 ± 1.9 to 7.1 ± 1.5 cm/s, respectively, P < 0.001). Likewise, the lateral and septal E/e' were also significantly increased 1 month after EC (P < 0.001). The GLS was significantly improved from -15.9 ± 2.2% to -19.4 ± 2.4% after EC (P < 0.001), as was the LV twist (from 5.8 ± 1.7° to 9.1 ± 2.4°, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION We demonstrated that e' was significantly higher in AF compared with during sinus rhythm in the same patients. Thus, in AF patients, diastolic dysfunction should be suspected even when e' values are normal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungil Park
- Department of Cardiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Tae-Ho Park
- Department of Cardiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Soo-Jin Kim
- Department of Cardiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Young-Rak Cho
- Department of Cardiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Jong-Sung Park
- Department of Cardiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Moo-Hyun Kim
- Department of Cardiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Young-Dae Kim
- Department of Cardiology, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea
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Kotecha D, Mohamed M, Shantsila E, Popescu BA, Steeds RP. Is echocardiography valid and reproducible in patients with atrial fibrillation? A systematic review. Europace 2018; 19:1427-1438. [PMID: 28387802 PMCID: PMC5834126 DOI: 10.1093/europace/eux027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Echocardiography is vital in the routine assessment and management of atrial fibrillation (AF). We performed a systematic review of the validity and reproducibility of echocardiographic left ventricular systolic and diastolic function in AF, and optimal acquisition methods. Methods and results Online databases were searched for studies in patients with AF at the time of echocardiography (1960 to August 2015), prospectively registered with PROSPERO (CRD42015025297). The systematic review included 32 studies from 3 066 search results (1 968 patients with AF). Average age was 67 years, 33% were women, mean LVEF 53% (±10%), and average E/e’ 11.7 (±2.7). Data on the validity and reproducibility of systolic indices were extremely limited. In contrast, diastolic parameters demonstrated correlation with invasive filling pressure and adequate reproducibility: E/e’ (n = 444) r = 0.47 to 0.79; IVRT (n = 177) r = –0.70 to –0.95; E/Vp` (n = 55) r = 0.63 and 0.65; pulmonary vein diastolic flow (n = 67) r = –0.80 and –0.91. Elevated E/e’ (>15) was associated with functional capacity, quality of life, and impaired prognosis. For optimal acquisition in AF patients, cardiac cycles with controlled heart rate (<100 beats/min) and similar preceding and pre-preceding RR intervals are required. Cardiac cycle length and equivalence were more important than the number of beats averaged. Conclusion With careful selection of appropriate cardiac cycles, echocardiography is a valid tool to identify diastolic dysfunction in AF, and E/e’ is an independent marker of clinical status and adverse prognosis. However, data on systolic function was extremely limited and requires further prospective study and assessment of variability in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipak Kotecha
- University of Birmingham Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Birmingham, UK.,Centre of Cardiovascular Research and Education in Therapeutics, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Cardiology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Mohamed Mohamed
- Department of Cardiology, East Kent Hospitals University NHS Trust, Ashford, UK
| | - Eduard Shantsila
- University of Birmingham Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Birmingham, UK
| | - Bogdan A Popescu
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy 'Carol Davila'-Euroecolab, and Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases 'Prof. C. C. Iliescu' Bucharest, Romania
| | - Richard P Steeds
- University of Birmingham Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Birmingham, UK.,Department of Cardiology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
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7
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Donal E, Lip GYH, Galderisi M, Goette A, Shah D, Marwan M, Lederlin M, Mondillo S, Edvardsen T, Sitges M, Grapsa J, Garbi M, Senior R, Gimelli A, Potpara TS, Van Gelder IC, Gorenek B, Mabo P, Lancellotti P, Kuck KH, Popescu BA, Hindricks G, Habib G, Cosyns B, Delgado V, Haugaa KH, Muraru D, Nieman K, Cohen A. EACVI/EHRA Expert Consensus Document on the role of multi-modality imaging for the evaluation of patients with atrial fibrillation. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2016; 17:355-83. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jev354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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8
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Shimada S, Maekura S, Ino H, Matsuura M, Masunaga N, Matsumoto T, Hama J. Unusual Case of Cardiac Amyloidosis Preceded by a Twenty-year History of Dilated Cardiomyopathy and Heart Failure. Intern Med 2016; 55:1109-15. [PMID: 27150863 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.55.5835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloidosis is a well-known but uncommon disease, and the physician must maintain a high index of suspicion in order to make a timely diagnosis. The expected survival of patients with cardiac amyloidosis is generally poor. In particular, survival has been reported to be 4-12 months for patients with amyloid light-chain amyloidosis with congestive heart failure. We herein report a rare case of cardiac amyloidosis in which the patient presented with cardiac hypertrophy after a 20-year history of dilated cardiomyopathy and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seijiro Shimada
- Department of Cardiology, Sakai Hospital Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Japan
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9
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Schnabel RB, Wild PS, Wilde S, Ojeda FM, Schulz A, Zeller T, Sinning CR, Kunde J, Lackner KJ, Munzel T, Blankenberg S. Multiple biomarkers and atrial fibrillation in the general population. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112486. [PMID: 25401728 PMCID: PMC4234420 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Different biological pathways have been related to atrial fibrillation (AF). Novel biomarkers capturing inflammation, oxidative stress, and neurohumoral activation have not been investigated comprehensively in AF. Methods and Results In the population-based Gutenberg Health Study (n = 5000), mean age 56±11 years, 51% males, we measured ten biomarkers representing inflammation (C-reactive protein, fibrinogen), cardiac and vascular function (midregional pro adrenomedullin [MR-proADM], midregional pro atrial natriuretic peptide [MR-proANP], N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide [Nt-proBNP], sensitive troponin I ultra [TnI ultra], copeptin, and C-terminal pro endothelin-1), and oxidative stress (glutathioneperoxidase-1, myeloperoxidase) in relation to manifest AF (n = 161 cases). Individuals with AF were older, mean age 64.9±8.3, and more often males, 71.4%. In Bonferroni-adjusted multivariable regression analyses strongest associations per standard deviation increase in biomarker concentrations were observed for the natriuretic peptides Nt-proBNP (odds ratio [OR] 2.89, 99.5% confidence interval [CI] 2.14–3.90; P<0.0001), MR-proANP (OR 2.45, 99.5% CI 1.91–3.14; P<0.0001), the vascular function marker MR-proADM (OR 1.54, 99.5% CI 1.20–1.99; P<0.0001), TnI ultra (OR 1.50, 99.5% CI 1.19–1.90; P<0.0001) and. fibrinogen (OR 1.44, 99.5% CI 1.19–1.75; P<0.0001). Based on a model comprising known clinical risk factors for AF, all biomarkers combined resulted in a net reclassification improvement of 0.665 (99.3% CI 0.441–0.888) and an integrated discrimination improvement of >13%. Conclusions In conclusion, in our large, population-based study, we identified novel biomarkers reflecting vascular function, MR-proADM, inflammation, and myocardial damage, TnI ultra, as related to AF; the strong association of natriuretic peptides was confirmed. Prospective studies need to examine whether risk prediction of AF can be enhanced beyond clinical risk factors using these biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renate B. Schnabel
- Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Philipp S. Wild
- Department of Medicine 2, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Germany
- Center of Thrombosis and Hemostasis University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Germany
| | - Sandra Wilde
- Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Francisco M. Ojeda
- Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Andreas Schulz
- Department of Medicine 2, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Germany
| | - Tanja Zeller
- Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Christoph R. Sinning
- Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | | | - Karl J. Lackner
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Munzel
- Department of Medicine 2, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Germany
| | - Stefan Blankenberg
- Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
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Fukui M, Goda A, Komamura K, Nakabo A, Masaki M, Yoshida C, Hirotani S, Lee-Kawabata M, Tsujino T, Mano T, Masuyama T. Changes in collagen metabolism account for ventricular functional recovery following beta-blocker therapy in patients with chronic heart failure. Heart Vessels 2014; 31:173-82. [PMID: 25351137 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-014-0597-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
While beta blockade improves left ventricular (LV) function in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF), the mechanisms are not well known. This study aimed to examine whether changes in myocardial collagen metabolism account for LV functional recovery following beta-blocker therapy in 62 CHF patients with reduced ejection fraction (EF). LV function was echocardiographically measured at baseline and 1, 6, and 12 months after bisoprolol therapy along with serum markers of collagen metabolism including C-terminal telopeptide of collagen type I (CITP) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2. Deceleration time of mitral early velocity (DcT) increased even in the early phase, but LVEF gradually improved throughout the study period. Heart rate (HR) was reduced from the early stage, and CITP gradually decreased. LVEF and DcT increased more so in patients with the larger decreases in CITP (r = -0.33, p < 0.05; r = -0.28, p < 0.05, respectively), and HR (r = -0.31, p < 0.05; r = -0.38, p < 0.05, respectively). In addition, there were greater decreases in CITP, MMP-2 and HR from baseline to 1, 6, or 12 months in patients with above-average improvement in LVEF than in those with below-average improvement in LVEF. Similar results were obtained in terms of DcT. There was no significant correlation between the changes in HR and CITP. In conclusion, improvement in LV systolic/diastolic function was greatest in patients with the larger inhibition of collagen degradation. Changes in myocardial collagen metabolism are closely related to LV functional recovery somewhat independently from HR reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Fukui
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Akiko Goda
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuo Komamura
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan.,Osaka Clinic, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ayumi Nakabo
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Masaki
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Chikako Yoshida
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Shinichi Hirotani
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Masaaki Lee-Kawabata
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tsujino
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Hyogo University of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Mano
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Tohru Masuyama
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan.
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11
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De Gennaro L, Brunetti ND, Montrone D, De Rosa F, Cuculo A, Di Biase M. Inflammatory activation and carbohydrate antigen-125 levels in subjects with atrial fibrillation. Eur J Clin Invest 2012; 42:371-5. [PMID: 21913917 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2011.02592.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation (AF) might be associated with an inflammatory activation and reduced left ventricular (LV) function. Less is known with regard to newly introduced markers of LV dysfunction such as carbohydrate antigen-125 (CA-125) in subjects with AF. The aim of this study was therefore to assess possible associations between AF, inflammatory markers and CA-125. METHODS AND RESULTS Forty-eight consecutive patients with AF and 58 control patients in sinus rhythm were enrolled in this study. Patients with acute heart failure, chronic inflammatory or neoplastic disease were excluded from the study. Circulating levels of hs-C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-8 (IL-8), IL-6, soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2r), TNF-α and CA-125 were assessed; all patients underwent clinical examination with NYHA class assessment and echocardiography. Patients with AF were characterised by higher levels of IL-8 (180 ± 266 vs. 39 ± 43 pg/mL, P < 0·001), sIL-2r (987 ± 1045 vs. 680 ± 336 U/mL, P < 0·05) and TNF-α (26 ± 25 vs. 9 ± 4 pg/mL, P < 0·001). Patients with AF duration < 6 months had higher levels of CRP (54 ± 73 vs. 12 ± 14 mg/dL, P < 0·05) and IL-8 (251 ± 225 vs. 99 ± 123 pg/mL, P < 0·05) when compared with AF duration > 6 months. CA-125 levels were not statistically different if comparing subjects with AF with controls and AF > 6 months with AF < 6 months. Among patients with AF, CA-125 levels were significantly related to NYHA class, (r = 0·33, P < 0·05) as well as IL-6 levels (r = 0·31, P < 0·05). Results remained statistically significant even after multivariable correction for age, gender and LV ejection fraction. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION AF is characterised by an inflammatory activation. Impaired functional class in AF subjects might be associated with increased CA-125 levels and higher inflammatory markers.
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12
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Kim TS, Youn HJ. Role of echocardiography in atrial fibrillation. J Cardiovasc Ultrasound 2011; 19:51-61. [PMID: 21860717 PMCID: PMC3150696 DOI: 10.4250/jcu.2011.19.2.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2011] [Revised: 05/07/2011] [Accepted: 05/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is most common arrhythmia and its prevalence appears to be increasing as the population ages. Echocardiography can play a key role in risk stratification and management of patients with AF. Transthoracic echocardiography allows rapid and comprehensive assessment of cardiac anatomical structure and function. Pulmonary vein flow monitoring using echocardiography has the potential to an increasing role in the evaluation of cardiac function and AF ablation procedures. Transesophageal echocardiography also provides accurate information about the presence of a thrombus in the atria and thromboembolic risk. The novel technique of intracardiac echocardiography has emerged as a popular and useful tool in the everyday practice of interventional electrophysiology. Other imaging modalities, such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging have complementary roles in risk stratification and assessment of patients with AF. Echocardiography continues to be the foundation of clinical evaluation and management of AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Seok Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Motoki H, Koyama J, Tomita T, Aizawa K, Kasai H, Koshikawa M, Izawa A, Kumazaki S, Takahashi M, Ikeda U. Transient Pseudorestrictive Pattern of Transmitral Flow Velocity Curve in Patients with Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation. Echocardiography 2010; 28:289-97. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-8175.2010.01312.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Baba O, Izuhara M, Kadota S, Mitsuoka H, Shioji K, Uegaito T, Mutsuo S, Matsuda M. Determinant factors of plasma B-type natriuretic peptide levels in patients with persistent nonvalvular atrial fibrillation and preserved left ventricular systolic function. J Cardiol 2009; 54:402-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2009.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2009] [Revised: 06/10/2009] [Accepted: 06/25/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Maiello M, Sharma RK, Matteo CM, Reddy HK, Palmiero P. Differential Left Atrial Remodeling in LV Diastolic Dysfunction and Mitral Regurgitation. Echocardiography 2009; 26:772-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-8175.2008.00889.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Al-Omari MA, Finstuen J, Appleton CP, Barnes ME, Tsang TS. Echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular diastolic function and filling pressure in atrial fibrillation. Am J Cardiol 2008; 101:1759-65. [PMID: 18549855 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2008.02.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2008] [Revised: 02/13/2008] [Accepted: 02/13/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Diastolic dysfunction has been linked to 2 epidemics: atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure. The presence and severity of diastolic dysfunction are associated with an increased risk for first AF and first heart failure in patients with sinus rhythm. Furthermore, the risk for heart failure is markedly increased once AF develops. The evaluation of diastolic function once AF has developed remains a clinical challenge. The conventional use of Doppler echocardiography for the assessment and grading of diastolic dysfunction relies heavily on evaluating the relation of ventricular and atrial flow characteristics. The mechanical impairment of the left atrium and the variable cycle lengths in AF render the evaluation of diastolic function difficult. A few Doppler echocardiographic methods have been proved clinically useful for the estimation of diastolic left ventricular filling pressures in AF, but these appear to be underutilized. Several innovative methods are emerging that promise to provide greater precision in diastolic function assessment, but their clinical utility in AF remains to be established. In conclusion, this review provides an up-to-date discussion of the evaluation of diastolic function assessment in AF and how it may be important in the clinical management of patients with AF.
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Watanabe T, Iwai-Takano M, Oikawa M, Yamaki T, Yaoita H, Maruyama Y. Optimal Noninvasive Assessment of Diastolic Heart Failure in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: Comparison of Tissue Doppler Echocardiography, Left Atrium Size, and Brain Natriuretic Peptide. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2008; 21:689-96. [PMID: 17904810 DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2007.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the ratio of early diastolic transmitral velocity to early diastolic mitral annular velocity (E/E') can be applied to identify diastolic heart failure (HF) noninvasively rather than using brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) or enlargement of left atrium (LA) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) by comparing the severity of HF symptoms. Moreover, we investigated the relationship between the changes in E/E' and the severity of HF or LA remodeling in the follow-up period. METHODS We examined 73 patients with nonvalvular AF disease and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (>50%), ie, patients with diastolic HF accompanied with New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class I to IV (n = 32, HF group) and those without HF (n = 41, non-HF group). No patients showed dyspnea caused by anemia, renal failure, lung disease, or other disease states except HF. We evaluated E, E', and E/E' by Doppler echocardiography, and the LA area (LAA) by 2-dimensional echocardiography. BNP levels were also examined. A follow-up study was performed in 18 of the 32 patients with HF. RESULTS E/E', LAA, and BNP were higher in the HF group than in the non-HF group (E/E', 15 +/- 5 vs 9 +/- 2; LAA, 24 +/- 6 vs 20 +/- 6 cm(2); and BNP, 321 +/- 200 vs 140 +/- 76 pg/mL, each P < .01). Using the receiver operating characteristic curve for identification of symptomatic diastolic HF with NYHA functional class II to IV, the areas under the curves were: E/E', 0.96 (95% confidence interval 0.91-1.0); LAA, 0.77 (95% confidence interval 0.64-0.89); and BNP, 0.85 (95% confidence interval 0.75-0.95). In the HF group, 18 patients who were re-examined 17 +/- 9 weeks after were divided into two groups, depending on the improvement in NYHA functional class, ie, improved group (n = 10) and unchanged group (n = 8). In the follow-up period, E (112 +/- 20-94 +/- 21 cm/s), E/E' (17.1 +/- 5-13.1 +/- 3), and LAA (28 +/- 5-24 +/- 4) decreased in the improved group (each P < .05), but E' and BNP did not. CONCLUSIONS E/E' could be useful in identifying symptomatic diastolic HF and evaluating the functional state in the process of HF in patients with AF. Moreover, E/E' is able to assess the improvement of diastolic HF in AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Watanabe
- Division of Cardiology and Internal Medicine, Health Co-op Watari Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
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Kim BJ, Hwang SJ, Sung KC, Kim BS, Kang JH, Lee MH, Park JR. Assessment of factors affecting plasma BNP levels in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation and preserved left ventricular systolic function. Int J Cardiol 2007; 118:145-50. [PMID: 16959341 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2006.03.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2005] [Revised: 11/18/2005] [Accepted: 03/11/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have reported that plasma brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels are increased in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation (AF). The objective of this study was to assess the factors influencing plasma BNP levels in patients with chronic AF and preserved left ventricular (LV) systolic function. METHODS Transthoracic echocardiography was performed in 104 patients (48 men, 56 women; mean age, 63.9+/-10.7 years) with chronic AF. At the same time, plasma BNP levels were measured with a Triage kit (Biosite, San Diego, CA). RESULTS Women, long duration of AF, and hypertension were more prevalent in the highest quartile group of BNP levels than in the lowest quartile of BNP. Significant correlations were observed between plasma BNP levels and the following: mitral E velocity (r=0.343), mitral annular E' velocity (r=-0.402), ratio of mitral E velocity and mitral annular E' velocity (r=0.487), left atrial(LA) size (r=0.653), LA volume index (r=0.775), right atrial (RA) volume index (r=0.563), maximal velocity (V(max)) of mitral regurgitation (MR) (r=0.448), tricuspid regurgitation (TR) V(max) (r=0.532) and LV mass index (r=0.581). In stepwise multiple linear regression analysis, LA volume index (beta=0.326, p<0.001), LV mass index (beta=0.395, p<0.001) and duration of AF (beta=0.492, p<0.001) independently predicted plasma BNP levels in the study subjects. The patients with increased LA volume index exhibited a longer duration of AF, larger RA volume index and LV mass index, higher MR V(max), TR V(max) and plasma BNP level. CONCLUSIONS LA volume index, LV mass index and duration of AF are independent predictors of plasma BNP levels in patients with chronic AF and preserved LV systolic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Jin Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 108 Pyung-Dong, Jongro-Gu, Seoul 100-634, Korea.
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Okura Y, Ohno Y, Ramadan MM, Suzuki K, Taneda K, Obata H, Tanaka K, Kashimura T, Ishizuka O, Kato K, Hanawa H, Honda Y, Kodama M, Aizawa Y. Characterization of Outpatients With Isolated Diastolic Dysfunction and Evaluation of the Burden in a Japanese Community Sado Heart Failure Study. Circ J 2007; 71:1013-21. [PMID: 17587704 DOI: 10.1253/circj.71.1013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of diastolic heart failure (DHF) is increasing with the aging of the community and identifying patients with isolated diastolic dysfunction (IDD) is important for preventing DHF. However, very little information is available about such patients in the Japanese community. METHODS AND RESULTS The medical information of all outpatients with moderate to severe IDD was extracted from the records of approximately 6,948 individuals who underwent echocardiographic (Echo) examinations during the past 5 years in Sado Island. Of the 284 patients extracted, 272 survived until 2003. In January 2003 the proportion of patients with moderate to severe IDD in the general population sector aged 45-84 years was 0.9% for males and 0.5% for females, and this proportion increased sharply after the age of 65 in both genders, reaching 1.6% for men in their 70 s and 0.8% for women in their 80 s. On Echo, 165 patients (61%) showed hypertrophic left ventricular geometry. The Charlson comorbidity index score was < or = 1 in 63% of patients. The cumulative survival of IDD patients, irrespective of a history of congestive heart failure (HF), was significantly lower than in the general population. CONCLUSIONS Moderate to severe IDD is not uncommon in the elderly and has a poor prognosis. Characteristics of outpatients with IDD should be taken into consideration when establishing a preventive strategy for HF in the Japanese community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Okura
- Division of Cardiology, First Department of Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Asahimachi, Niigata, Japan.
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Ito S, Murai S, Takada N, Ozasa A, Hanada M, Sugiyama M, Suzuki K, Nagae Y, Inagaki T, Takeda Y, Fukutomi T, Joh T. Relationship between Doppler transmitral flow velocity pattern and plasma atrial and brain natriuretic peptide concentrations in anuric patients on maintenance hemodialysis. Int Heart J 2006; 47:401-8. [PMID: 16823246 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.47.401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Plasma atrial (ANP) and brain (BNP) natriuretic peptide levels were compared to determine if transmitral flow velocity pattern is an instantaneous marker of body fluid balance in anuric patients on hemodialysis (HD). We measured plasma ANP and BNP levels and performed Doppler echocardiography in 38 anuric patients before and after HD. Patients with valvular disease, left ventricular systolic dysfunction having a fractional shortening < 0.3, arrhythmia, or left ventricular hypertrophy were excluded. The relationships between plasma ANP or BNP levels and the transmitral flow velocity pattern were evaluated. We also determined if the magnitude of the decrease in plasma ANP level was related to that in the early peak of transmitral flow velocity (peak E). The mean age of the subjects was 61.1 +/- 9.7 years. The ANP level of 213.6 +/- 146.1 pg/mL was related to peak E of 61 +/- 15 cm/s before HD (R = 0.504, P < 0.001), but not after HD. Plasma ANP level was not related to peak late transmitral flow velocity (peak A) or peak E/peak A before or after HD. BNP level was not related to the transmitral flow velocity pattern. The magnitude of decrease in hANP level during HD was significantly related to that in peak E (R = 0.342, P < 0.05). Before HD, peak E was related to the plasma ANP level, reflecting volume overload. Change in peak E showed a weak relationship with that of plasma ANP level in the same HD patient. The measurement of peak E during a HD session may potentially enable the assessment of hydration status during HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigenori Ito
- Division of Internal Medicine, Nagoya City Moriyama Municipal Hospital, Japan
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Pieri B, Roux E, Gélisse R, Arquès S. [Novel Doppler indexes of estimation of pulmonary capillary pressure: influence of age, feasibility in the acute setting and reproducibility]. Ann Cardiol Angeiol (Paris) 2005; 53:314-9. [PMID: 15603173 DOI: 10.1016/j.ancard.2004.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Doppler indexes E/Vp, E/Ea, 1000/(2 x IRT + Vp), 1000/(2 x IRT + Ea) and DTd (E: peak E mitral velocity; Vp: flow propagation velocity by color M-mode; Ea: peak early diastolic velocity at lateral mitral annulus by tissue Doppler; IRT: isovolumic relaxation time; DTd: deceleration time of the pulmonary venous diastolic wave) have been proposed for the non-invasive prediction of left ventricular filling pressures. However, the influence of age, the feasibility in acute setting and the reproducibility of these Doppler indexes have never been simultaneously investigated. OBJECTIVE The present study was conducted to evaluate the influence of age in 56 healthy subjects (57 +/- 20 years of age), the feasibility in 40 critically ill patients (72 +/- 13 years of age; 21 with decompensated heart failure) and the reproducibility in 15 patients. RESULTS Only the indexes E/Vp (R = 0.37, P = 0.005) and E/Ea (R = 0.72, P < 0.001) were correlated with age. The feasibility was 92, 90, 72, 72 and 45% for E/Ea, 1000/(2 x IRT + Ea), E/Vp, 1000/(2 x IRT +Vp) and DTd, respectively. The best reproducibility was observed for the Doppler parameters E and Ea. CONCLUSION Despite it is influenced by age, E/Ea appears to be the most useful index for predicting left ventricular filling pressures routinely.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Pieri
- Service de cardiologie, centre hospitalier d'Aubagne, avenue des Soeurs-Gastine, 13400 Aubagne, France
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Tabata T, Klein AL. Reply. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2003.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Arques S, Roux E. Pulmonary venous flow by Doppler echocardiography: usefulness of diastolic wave deceleration time in predicting filling pressures. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004; 43:925-6; author reply 926. [PMID: 14998640 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2003.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Abstract
Although heart failure may be diagnosed readily in its advanced stages, it may be difficult to diagnose clinically in its early stages.Thus, there is a critical need for an inexpensive, simple, rapid,and objective test for heart failure. This article discusses the role and assessment of ventricular natriuretic peptides and related pep-tides in heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- William E Winter
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Box 100275, Gainesville, FL 32610-0275, USA.
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Zhang H, Otsuji Y, Matsukida K, Hamasaki S, Yoshifuku S, Kumanohoso T, Kisanuki A, Minagoe SI, Tei C. Noninvasive Estimation of Left Ventricular Diastolic Filling Pressure From Doppler Tei Index. J Echocardiogr 2003. [DOI: 10.2303/jecho.1.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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