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Prakash J, Fay K, Gujrathi R, Rosner B, Nour N, Khurana B. Antepartum Intimate Partner Violence: Development of a Risk Prediction Model. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2024; 33:1259-1266. [PMID: 38770781 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2024.0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To explore socio-behavioral, clinical, and imaging findings associated with antepartum intimate partner violence (IPV) and aid in risk stratification of at-risk individuals. Methods: We analyzed electronic medical records during indexed pregnancies for 108 pregnant patients who self-reported antepartum IPV (cases) and 106 age-matched pregnant patients who did not self-report antepartum IPV (controls). Sociodemographic, clinical, and radiology data were analyzed via chi-squared and Fisher's exact tests with p < 0.05 as the threshold for significance. Stepwise logistic regression was applied to derive a risk prediction model. Results: The proportion of cases reporting emotional IPV (76% vs. 52%) and/or physical IPV (45% vs. 31%) during pregnancy significantly increased from prior to pregnancy. Cases were significantly more likely to report prepregnancy substance use (odds ratio [OR] = 2.60; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.13-5.98), sexually transmitted infections (OR = 3.48; 95%CI: 1.64-7.37), abortion (OR = 3.17; 95%CI: 1.79, 5.59), and preterm birth (OR = 5.97; 95%CI: 1.69-21.15). During pregnancy, cases were more likely to report unstable housing (OR = 5.26; 95%CI: 2.67-10.36), multigravidity (OR = 2.83; 95%CI: 1.44-5.58), multiparity (OR = 3.75; 95%CI: 1.72-8.20), anxiety (OR = 3.35; 95%CI: 1.85-6.08), depression (OR = 5.58; 95%CI: 3.07-10.16), substance use (OR = 2.92; 95%CI: 1.28-6.65), urinary tract infection (UTI) (OR = 3.26; 95%CI: 1.14-9.32), intrauterine growth restriction (OR = 10.71; 95%CI: 1.35-85.25), and cesarean delivery (OR = 2.25; 95%CI: 1.26-4.02). Cases had significantly more OBGYN abnormalities on imaging and canceled more radiological studies (OR = 5.31). Logistic regression found housing status, sexually transmitted infection history, preterm delivery history, abortion history, depression, and antepartum UTI predictive of antepartum IPV. The risk prediction model achieved good calibration with an area under the curve of 0.79. Conclusions: This study identifies significant disparities among patients experiencing antepartum IPV, and our proposed risk prediction model can inform risk assessment in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Prakash
- Trauma Imaging Research and Innovation Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kathryn Fay
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rahul Gujrathi
- Trauma Imaging Research and Innovation Center, Department of Radiology, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Nawal Nour
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bharti Khurana
- Trauma Imaging Research and Innovation Center, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Lima LHMD, Mattar R, Abrahão AR. Domestic Violence in Pregnant Women: A Study Conducted in the Postpartum Period of Adolescents and Adults. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2019; 34:1183-1197. [PMID: 27307354 DOI: 10.1177/0886260516650968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of domestic violence in adolescent and adult mothers who were admitted to obstetrics services centers in Brazil and to identify risk factors of domestic violence and any adverse obstetric and perinatal outcomes. Researchers used standardized interviews, the questionnaire Abuse Assessment Screen, and a review of patients' medical records. Descriptive statistical analyses were also used. The prevalence of domestic violence among all participants totaled 40.1% (38.5% of adolescents, 41.7% of adults). Factors associated with domestic violence during pregnancy were as follows: a history of family violence, a greater number of sexual partners, and being a smoker. No statistically significant association was found for adverse obstetric and perinatal outcomes. Results showed that, in Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil, pregnancy did not protect a woman from suffering domestic violence.
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Nesari M, Olson JK, Vandermeer B, Slater L, Olson DM. Does a maternal history of abuse before pregnancy affect pregnancy outcomes? A systematic review with meta-analysis. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2018; 18:404. [PMID: 30326858 PMCID: PMC6192330 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-018-2030-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Evidence relating maternal history of abuse before pregnancy with pregnancy outcomes is controversial. This study aims to examine the association between maternal histories of abuse before pregnancy and the risk of preterm delivery and low birth weight. Methods We searched Subject Headings and keywords for exposure and the outcomes through MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Psycinfo, CINAHL, Scopus, PILOTS, ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global and Web of Science Core Collection in April 2017. We selected original studies that reported associations between maternal histories of abuse of any type and either preterm delivery or low birth weight. Studies that included interventions during pregnancy to lower maternal stress but reported no control data were excluded. We utilized the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scales for observational studies to assess the risk of bias in the primary studies. Two independent reviewers performed the selection of pertinent studies, assessment of risk of bias, and data extraction. Unadjusted pooled odds ratios (OR) with 95% Confidence Interval (CI) were calculated for the two outcomes of preterm delivery and low birth weight in 16 included studies. Results Maternal history of abuse before pregnancy was significantly associated with preterm delivery (OR 1.28, 95% CI: 1.12–1.47) and low birth weight (OR 1.35, 95% CI: 1.14–1.59). A substantial level of heterogeneity was detected within the two groups of studies reporting preterm birth and low birth weight (I2 = 75% and 69% respectively). Subgroup analysis based on the specific time of abuse before pregnancy indicated that childhood abuse increases the risk of low birth weight by 57% (95% CI: 0.99–2.49). When the included studies were categorized based on study design, cohort studies showed the highest effect estimates on preterm delivery and low birth weight (OR: 1.69, 95%CI: 1.19–2.40, OR: 1.56, 95% CI: 1.06–2.3, respectively). Conclusions We recommend that more high quality research studies on this topic are necessary to strengthen the inference. At the practice level, we suggest more attention in detecting maternal history of abuse before pregnancy during antenatal visits and using this information to inform risk assessment for adverse pregnancy outcomes. Trial registration Registration number: PROSPERO (CRD42016033231). Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12884-018-2030-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Nesari
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Joanne K Olson
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Ben Vandermeer
- Alberta Research Centre for Health Evidence, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Linda Slater
- John W. Scott Health Sciences Library, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - David M Olson
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pediatrics and Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2S2, Canada.
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Hill A, Pallitto C, McCleary-Sills J, Garcia-Moreno C. A systematic review and meta-analysis of intimate partner violence during pregnancy and selected birth outcomes. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2016; 133:269-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2015.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Mendez-Figueroa H, Dahlke JD, Vrees RA, Rouse DJ. Trauma in pregnancy: an updated systematic review. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2013; 209:1-10. [PMID: 23333541 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2013.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Revised: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We reviewed recent data on the prevalence, risk factors, complications, and management of trauma during pregnancy. Using the terms "trauma" and "pregnancy" along with specified mechanisms of injury, we queried the PubMed database for studies reported from Jan. 1, 1990, through May 1, 2012. Studies with the largest number of patients for a given injury type and that were population-based and/or prospective were included. Case reports and case series were used only when more robust studies were lacking. A total of 1164 abstracts were reviewed and 225 met criteria for inclusion. Domestic violence/intimate partner violence and motor vehicle crashes are the predominant causes of reported trauma during pregnancy. Management of trauma during pregnancy is dictated by its severity and should be initially geared toward maternal stabilization. Minor trauma can often be safely evaluated with simple diagnostic modalities. Pregnancy should not lead to underdiagnosis or undertreatment of trauma due to unfounded fears of fetal effects. More studies are required to elucidate the safest and most cost-effective strategies for the management of trauma in pregnancy.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective was to estimate the self-reported prevalence of domestic violence in a pregnant military population presenting for emergency care, and to determine the acceptability of domestic violence screening. STUDY DESIGN A prospective observational survey of patients presenting for obstetric emergency care. Women were anonymously screened for domestic violence using the Abuse Assessment Screen. RESULT A total of 499 surveys were distributed, with 26 duplicate surveys. After excluding the 12 blank surveys, a total of 461 surveys were included in the final analysis. The lifetime prevalence of domestic violence (including physical, emotional and sexual abuse) was 22.6% (95% CI=19.0 to 26.4) with 4.1% (95% CI=2.3-6.0) of women reporting physical abuse in the past year and 2.8% (95% CI=1.3-4.3) reporting abuse since becoming pregnant. The majority of women 91.8% (95% CI=88.7-94.2) were not offended by domestic violence screening and 88.8% (95% CI=82.0-88.9) felt that patients should be routinely screened. CONCLUSION The self-reported prevalence of domestic violence in a pregnant military population presenting for emergency care was 22.6%. Most women are not offended by domestic violence screening and support routine screening.
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Yount KM, DiGirolamo AM, Ramakrishnan U. Impacts of domestic violence on child growth and nutrition: a conceptual review of the pathways of influence. Soc Sci Med 2011; 72:1534-54. [PMID: 21492979 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2010] [Revised: 02/17/2011] [Accepted: 02/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Domestic violence against women is a global problem, and young children are disproportionate witnesses. Children's exposure to domestic violence (CEDV) predicts poorer health and development, but its effects on nutrition and growth are understudied. We propose a conceptual framework for the pathways by which domestic violence against mothers may impair child growth and nutrition, prenatally and during the first 36 months of life. We synthesize literatures from multiple disciplines and critically review the evidence for each pathway. Our review exposes gaps in knowledge and opportunities for research. The framework also identifies interim strategies to mitigate the effects of CEDV on child growth and nutrition. Given the global burden of child malnutrition and its long-term effects on human-capital formation, improving child growth and nutrition may be another reason to prevent domestic violence and its cascading after-effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M Yount
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Department of Sociology, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Rd. NE, Room 7029, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States.
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Lifetime and During Pregnancy Experience of Violence and the Risk of Low Birth Weight and Preterm Birth. J Midwifery Womens Health 2010; 53:522-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmwh.2008.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2007] [Revised: 07/30/2008] [Accepted: 07/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Shah PS, Shah J. Maternal exposure to domestic violence and pregnancy and birth outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analyses. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2010; 19:2017-31. [PMID: 20919921 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2010.2051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pregnant women who experience domestic violence are at increased risk of adverse outcomes in addition to the risks to themselves. Inadequate prenatal care, higher incidences of high-risk behaviors, direct physical trauma, stress, and neglect are postulated mechanisms. Our objective was to systematically review birth outcomes among women who experienced domestic violence. METHODS Medline, Embase, CINAHL, and bibliographies of identified articles were searched for English language studies. Studies reporting rates of low birth weight, preterm birth, small for gestational age births, birth weight, or gestational age at birth were included. Study quality was assessed for selection, exposure assessment, confounder adjustment, analyses, outcomes assessment, and attrition biases. Unadjusted and adjusted data from included studies were extracted by two reviewers. Summary odds ratio (OR) and confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using the random effects model. Population-attributable risk was calculated. RESULTS Thirty studies of low to moderate risk of biases were included. Low birth weight (adjusted OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.28-1.82) and preterm births (adjusted OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.27-1.67) were increased among women exposed to domestic violence. As the prevalence of reported domestic violence during pregnancy was low, the population-attributable risk was low. Prospective cohort studies provided robust and consistent results. CONCLUSIONS Maternal exposure to domestic violence was associated with significantly increased risk of low birth weight and preterm birth. Underreporting of domestic violence is hypothesized. Effective programs to identify violence and intervene during pregnancy are essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakesh S Shah
- Department of Paediatrics, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada.
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Lutgendorf MA, Busch JM, Doherty DA, Conza LA, Moone SO, Magann EF. Prevalence of Domestic Violence in a Pregnant Military Population. Obstet Gynecol 2009; 113:866-872. [DOI: 10.1097/aog.0b013e31819bdc93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Records K. A Critical Review of Maternal Abuse and Infant Outcomes: Implications for Newborn Nurses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1053/j.nainr.2006.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Silverman JG, Decker MR, Reed E, Raj A. Intimate partner violence victimization prior to and during pregnancy among women residing in 26 U.S. states: associations with maternal and neonatal health. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2006; 195:140-8. [PMID: 16813751 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2005.12.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2005] [Revised: 12/20/2005] [Accepted: 12/22/2005] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To conduct a population-based assessment of associations of intimate partner violence in the year prior to and during pregnancy with maternal and neonatal morbidity. STUDY DESIGN Data from women giving birth in 26 U.S. states and participating in the 2000 to 2003 Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (n = 118,579) were analyzed. RESULTS Women reporting intimate partner violence in the year prior to pregnancy were at increased risk for high blood pressure or edema (adjusted odds ratio 1.37-1.40), vaginal bleeding (adjusted odds ratio 1.54-1.66), severe nausea, vomiting or dehydration (adjusted odds ratio 1.48-1.63), kidney infection or urinary tract infection (adjusted odds ratio 1.43-1.55), hospital visits related to such morbidity (adjusted odds ratio 1.45-1.48), and delivery preterm (adjusted odds ratio 1.37), of a low-birthweight infant (adjusted odds ratio 1.17), and an infant requiring intensive care unit care (adjusted odds ratio 1.31-1.33) compared with those not reporting intimate partner violence. Women reporting intimate partner violence during but not prior to pregnancy experienced higher rates of a subset of these concerns. CONCLUSION Women experiencing intimate partner violence both prior to and during pregnancy are at risk for multiple poor maternal and infant health outcomes, suggesting prenatal risks to children from mothers' abusive partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay G Silverman
- Department of Society, Human Development, and Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Raj A, Santana MC, La Marche A, Amaro H, Cranston K, Silverman JG. Perpetration of intimate partner violence associated with sexual risk behaviors among young adult men. Am J Public Health 2006; 96:1873-8. [PMID: 16670216 PMCID: PMC1586132 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2005.081554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We assessed the association between intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration and sexual risk behaviors and fatherhood (having fathered children) among young men. METHODS Sexually active men aged 18 to 35 years who visited an urban community health center and who reported having sexual intercourse with a steady female partner during the past 3 months (N = 283) completed a brief self-administered survey about sexual risk behaviors, IPV perpetration, and demographics. We conducted logistic regression analyses adjusted for demographics to assess associations between IPV and sexual risk behaviors and fatherhood. RESULTS Participants were predominantly Hispanic (74.9%) and Black (21.9%). Participants who reported IPV perpetration during the past year (41.3%) were significantly more likely to report (1) inconsistent or no condom use during vaginal and anal sexual intercourse, (2) forcing sexual intercourse without a condom, (3) having sexual intercourse with other women, and (4) having fathered 3 or more children. CONCLUSION IPV perpetration was common among our sample and was associated with increased sexual risk behaviors. Urban community health centers may offer an important venue for reaching this at-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Raj
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Boston University School of Public Health, Mass 02118, USA.
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Badr LK, Abdallah B, Mahmoud A. Precursors of Preterm Birth: Comparison of Three Ethnic Groups in the Middle East and the United States. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 2005; 34:444-52. [PMID: 16020412 DOI: 10.1177/0884217505276303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine factors related to preterm birth in three ethnic groups and in three different countries. DESIGN Data were obtained on a convenience sample of 118 Lebanese mothers, 104 Egyptian mothers, 40 Mexican American mothers, and 32 White American mothers from Southern California. About half of each cohort had delivered a preterm newborn and half a full-term newborn. Mothers with premature or full-term newborns completed a questionnaire by interview. Analysis compared ethnic groups and preterm- versus full-term birth groups. Multiple logistic regression determined relatedness to outcome. RESULTS Descriptive factors differed among groups, but not for preterm versus full-term newborn groups. Significant factors for premature birth were vaginal infections, stress, smoking, drug use, and protein intake. Factors significantly related to preterm birth in the Middle-Eastern and American groups were almost identical: social support, stress, and exercise. Smoking was related only in the American group. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest risk factors are similar across nations and ethnic groups. Prenatal counseling and programs should address these four issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Kurdahi Badr
- DNSc, UCLA School of Nursing, 700 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Abstract
After a review of medical literature on domestic violence during pregnancy, this paper shows the results of a survey carried out in 16 European countries. The percentage of women reporting domestic violence during pregnancy varies with the country; it is specially high in Russia, Poland and Czech Republic. Women who live without partner, those whose the couple has been separated during the pregnancy or those living in an overcrowded house have been more often victim of domestic violence. Domestic violence is significantly related to preterm birth risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-J Saurel-Cubizolles
- INSERM Unité 149, Recherches Epidémiologiques en Santé Périnatale et Santé des Femmes, 16, avenue Paul-Vaillant-Couturier, 94807 Villejuif Cedex
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess perinatal outcomes of women hospitalized for assault during pregnancy as a function of timing of delivery. METHODS A retrospective population-based study analyzing maternal discharge records linked to birth/death certificates in California from 1991 to 1999 was performed. International Classifications of Disease, Ninth Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) codes were used to identify injury types and outcomes. External causation codes identified assaults as the mechanism of the injuries. Injury Severity Scores were assessed. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated, and multivariate logistic regression was used for analysis of outcomes. RESULTS A total of 2,070 women were hospitalized during pregnancy after sustaining an assault. Assaulted women were younger, multiparous, and with delayed prenatal care compared with unassaulted controls. Women delivering at the assault hospitalization had high rates of prematurity: 24%, OR 2.4 (95% CI 1.8-3.3), maternal death: 0.71%, OR 19 (95% CI 2.7-144.7), fetal death: 9.3%, OR 8 (95% CI 4.6-14.3), uterine rupture: 0.71%, OR 46 (95% CI 6.5-337.8), and other adverse outcomes compared with unassaulted women. Women discharged after an assault, delivering at a subsequent hospitalization, had increased risks of abruption: 2%, OR 1.8 (95% CI 1.3-2.5), hemorrhage: 3.2%, OR 1.8 (95% CI 1.4-2.5), prematurity: 15%, OR 1.3 (95% CI 1.2-1.5), and low birth weight: 13.4%, OR 1.7 (95% CI 1.5-1.9) at delivery. CONCLUSION Women sustaining an assault during pregnancy experience both immediate (uterine rupture, increased fetal and maternal mortality) and long-term sequelae (prematurity and low birth weight infants), which have significant negative effects on pregnancy outcome. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina El Kady
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California-Davis, 4860 Y Street, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
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McFarlane J. Intimate partner violence and physical health consequences: commentary on Plichta. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2004; 19:1335-1341. [PMID: 15534335 DOI: 10.1177/0886260504269687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Judith McFarlane
- Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Texas Woman's University, College of Nursing, Houston, USA
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Abstract
The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the association between partner physical or emotional abuse during pregnancy and pregnancy outcomes including perinatal death, low birthweight and preterm delivery. Women, aged 18-65, who attended one of two large primary care practices from 1997-98 were recruited for this study. Ever pregnant women were asked the frequency of abuse during each pregnancy and details of the pregnancy outcomes. Information regarding abuse during pregnancy and pregnancy outcomes was available for 755 women surveyed who reported a live birth or late fetal death, 14.7% indicated that an intimate partner was violent or abusive toward them during a pregnancy (274 of 1862 pregnancies). Abuse during pregnancy was significantly associated with an increased risk of perinatal death (adjusted relative risk [aRR] = 2.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3, 3.4) and, among live births, with preterm low birthweight (aRR = 2.4; 95% CI 1.5, 4.0) and term low birthweight (aRR = 1.9; 95% CI 1.0, 3.4). Greater abuse frequency was associated with increased risk. Abuse during pregnancy was associated with perinatal deaths and preterm low birthweight deliveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann L Coker
- University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX 77225, USA.
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Nelson DB, Grisso JA, Joffe MM, Brensinger C, Ness RB, McMahon K, Shaw L, Datner E. Violence does not influence early pregnancy loss. Fertil Steril 2003; 80:1205-11. [PMID: 14607576 DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(03)01180-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between physical violence, controlling behavior, and spontaneous abortion (SAB). DESIGN Nested case-control study. SETTING Emergency department of a university hospital. PATIENT(S) One thousand one hundred ninety-nine pregnant women. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENT(S) Physical violence and controlling behavior. RESULT(S) Cases experienced a SAB (n = 392) and controls maintained their pregnancy through 22 weeks (n = 807). Fifteen percent of women reported violence during the pregnancy, and 49% had reported one or more past episodes of violence. We found no relationship between any measure of physical violence (past, current, or by perpetrator) and the risk of SAB. CONCLUSION(S) Although physical violence was very prevalent in the study population, exposure to violence did not influence the risk of SAB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah B Nelson
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6021, USA.
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Rodgers CS, Lang AJ, Twamley EW, Stein MB. Sexual Trauma and Pregnancy: A Conceptual Framework. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2003; 12:961-70. [PMID: 14709184 DOI: 10.1089/154099903322643884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we propose that a history of sexual traumatization is associated with pregnancy complications and poor pregnancy-related outcomes. We further hypothesize that this relationship is mediated by the sequelae of trauma (psychopathology, health problems, and increased negative health behaviors). We review the literature linking sexual trauma with psychopathology, health, and health behavior and then outline the impact of these variables on pregnancy. Based on this review, we draw conclusions about the potential impact of sexual trauma on pregnancy outcomes. We suggest future directions for this area of research and discuss the clinical implications of this association, including the development of prenatal intervention and prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carie S Rodgers
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California 92108, USA.
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Janssen PA, Holt VL, Sugg NK, Emanuel I, Critchlow CM, Henderson AD. Intimate partner violence and adverse pregnancy outcomes: a population-based study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2003; 188:1341-7. [PMID: 12748509 DOI: 10.1067/mob.2003.274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to measure the prevalence of exposure to intimate partner violence during pregnancy and to determine whether such exposure is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. STUDY DESIGN We measured the prevalence of exposure to intimate partner violence and fear of a partner during pregnancy among 4750 residents of Vancouver, British Columbia, who gave birth between January 1999 and December 2000. We undertook a multivariate analysis to examine the associations with second- or third-trimester hemorrhage, preterm labor and delivery, intrauterine growth restriction, and perinatal death. RESULTS We report a prevalence rate of 1.2% for exposure to physical violence by an intimate partner during pregnancy and 1.5% for fear of a partner. Physical violence was associated with an increased risk of antepartum hemorrhage (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 3.79, 95% CI 1.38-10.40), intrauterine growth restriction (OR: 3.06, 95% CI 1.02-9.14), and perinatal death (OR: 8.06, 95% CI 1.42-45.63). Fear of a partner in the absence of physical violence was not associated with an elevated risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. CONCLUSION Our study confirms prior work reporting an association of physical abuse during pregnancy with intrauterine growth retardation and, in addition, reports an association with antepartum hemorrhage and perinatal death.
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Abstract
The critical care aspects of obstetrics and pregnancy are varied and demand that critical care practitioners have a thorough knowledge of fetal and maternal changes in physiology as pregnancy progresses. Pregnancy can affect every organ system; and organ-specific conditions as well as syndromes that span multiple organ systems were described. Care of the critically ill, pregnant patient requires a true multidisciplinary approach for optimal outcomes. A review of the current concepts and suggestions for therapy were presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas F Naylor
- Department of Surgery, Michigan State University, College of Human Medicine, 3280 North Elms Road, Suite A, Flushing, MI 48433, USA.
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Women's health LiteratureWatch. JOURNAL OF WOMEN'S HEALTH & GENDER-BASED MEDICINE 2000; 9:691-5. [PMID: 10957757 DOI: 10.1089/15246090050118215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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