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Hernández-Durán J, López-Gutiérrez LV, Palacio-Mejía MI, Aguilera L, Burgos L, Giraldo CIS. What Do We Know About Heart Failure in Latin American Women? Curr Probl Cardiol 2024; 49:102085. [PMID: 37716539 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.102085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Data about heart failure in Latin America is scarce. Women living in this region of the world are exposed to a mix of traditional risk factors for heart failure, neglected diseases, and social determinants of health. The aim of this review is to present what we know about heart failure in Latin American women and to establish the needs for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Luisa Aguilera
- Puerta de Hierro Cardiovascular Institute, Zapopan, Mexico
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Kuć A, Kubik D, Kościelecka K, Szymanek W, Męcik-Kronenberg T. The Relationship Between Peripartum Cardiomyopathy and Preeclampsia – Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Management. J Multidiscip Healthc 2022; 15:857-867. [PMID: 35496718 PMCID: PMC9045831 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s357872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a condition with an incompletely understood etiology, although many risk factors for this disorder have been mentioned. Preeclampsia (PE) is a rare but undoubtedly very important cause of PPCM. Early recognition and prompt treatment of preeclampsia and peripartum cardiomyopathy are essential to optimize pregnancy outcomes. An extensive manual search of major electronic databases was conducted in November 2021. The following literature review provides a comprehensive discussion of peripartum cardiomyopathy and preeclampsia and quantifies the prevalence of PE in women with PPCM. The authors highlighted aspects such as epidemiology, risk factors, cardiovascular changes, diagnosis and clinical presentation, and management and complications. Accumulating data indicate that both conditions have a similar pathogenesis characterized by vascular abnormalities. In both conditions we can observe an increase in interleukin-6 and gamma interferon, CCL2/MCP1, and decreased SOD activity. sFLT1 (a soluble form of fms-like tyrosine kinase 1), a substance with antiangiogenic and probably cardiotoxic effects, may be important. Preeclampsia and peripartum cardiomyopathy are characterized by recurrence rates that follow a similar pattern in subsequent pregnancies, and mortality remains a concern. Our analysis highlights the need to better understand the co-morbidity of PE and PPCM, and the need to qualify patients for the same clinical trials because of the common origin of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Kuć
- Student Research Group at the Chair and Department of Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
- Correspondence: Aleksandra Kuć, 1E Street, Siedlce, 08-110, Poland, Tel +48 504 188 178, Email
| | - Daria Kubik
- Student Research Group at the Chair and Department of Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Klaudia Kościelecka
- Student Research Group at the Chair and Department of Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Wojciech Szymanek
- Hospital Emergency Department, St. John Paul II Mazovia Regional Hospital in Siedlce, Siedlce, Poland
- Nursing at Collegium Mazovia Innovative University in Siedlce, Siedlce, Poland
| | - Tomasz Męcik-Kronenberg
- Chair and Department of Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
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Abstract
Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a form of heart failure that occurs toward the end of pregnancy or in the months following pregnancy and is marked by left ventricular systolic dysfunction. The cause of PPCM remains unknown and there is no diagnostic test specific to PPCM. Outcomes vary and include complete left ventricular recovery, persistent cardiac dysfunction, transplant, and death. Numerous advances have been made in understanding this disease, but many knowledge gaps remain. This article reviews recent data and recommendations for clinical practice in addition to highlighting the multiple knowledge gaps related to PPCM that warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika J Douglass
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lori A Blauwet
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street Southwest, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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Fett JD. Promoting Full Recovery and Improved Relapse-Free Prognosis in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Peripartum Cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020; 76:2365-2367. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.09.599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Morikawa N, Nakayoshi T, Yoshimura H, Watanabe M, Kumanomido J, Furusho A, Fukui D, Eto K, Nishida N, Nishihara M, A Kamiya C, Fukumoto Y. The Use of Bromocriptine for Peripartum Cardiomyopathy after Twin Delivery via Oocyte Donation. Intern Med 2019; 58:541-544. [PMID: 30568125 PMCID: PMC6421160 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.1537-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is rare but life-threatening. We herein report the case of a 48-year-old woman with PPCM after oocyte donation and delivery of twins. Two weeks after delivery, she suffered from severe symptoms of heart failure [orthopnea, New York Heart Association (NYHA) class IV, pulmonary edema and a reduced left ventricular ejection fraction of 18%]. Although standard heart failure therapy was effective for diminishing the congestion, it was not sufficient to improve her symptoms or left ventricular systolic dysfunction. During admission, we added bromocriptine. A year later after the onset, she was in a good state with an improved left ventricular systolic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagisa Morikawa
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Takaharu Nakayoshi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Hanae Yoshimura
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Megumi Watanabe
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Jun Kumanomido
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Aya Furusho
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Daisuke Fukui
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kazuko Eto
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Norifumi Nishida
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Michihide Nishihara
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Chizuko A Kamiya
- Department of Perinatology and Gynecology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Fukumoto
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Japan
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Parikh P, Blauwet L. Peripartum Cardiomyopathy and Preeclampsia: Overlapping Diseases of Pregnancy. Curr Hypertens Rep 2018; 20:69. [PMID: 29971645 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-018-0868-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) often result in cardiac dysfunction and have been variably included as a risk factor for peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM). However, there is debate regarding the relationship between the two entities. RECENT FINDINGS Diastolic dysfunction appears to be more predominant among gravidas with HDP, while systolic dysfunction predominates in PPCM. However, this finding is not consistent in all studies. Recent examinations of mortality and morbidity associated with PPCM in the setting of HDP do not demonstrate a predominant pattern with a mixture of results. Further, right ventricular dysfunction is identified to be a common theme in both populations. From a basic science perspective, there is evidence to demonstrate a predominantly anti-angiogenic milieu in both PPCM and HDP. PPCM and HDP associated cardiomyopathy overlap significantly. As such, unifying theories for their pathophysiology should be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavan Parikh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street South West, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| | - Lori Blauwet
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Gambahaya ET, Hakim J, Kao D, Munyandu N, Matenga J. Peripartum cardiomyopathy among cardiovascular patients referred for echocardiography at Parirenyatwa Teaching Hospital, Harare, Zimbabwe. Cardiovasc J Afr 2017; 28:8-13. [PMID: 28262909 PMCID: PMC5423423 DOI: 10.5830/cvja-2016-043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The main aim was to evaluate the outcome of patients with peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) within six months of diagnosis. The secondary aim was to describe demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with PPCM in Harare, Zimbabwe. METHODS This was a prospective cohort study in which patients recruited into a detailed PPCM registry were followed up for six months. Echocardiograms were performed at enrolment, and three and six months after diagnosis, to determine left ventricular function. RESULTS From 1 August 2012 to 31 July 2013, 43 patients with a new diagnosis of PPCM were recruited at Parirenyatwa Hospital in Harare. At six months, mean ejection fraction improved from 29.7 ± 9.8 to 44.9 ± 14.9%, p < 0.001 and New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class improved significantly (p < 0.0001). Five (11.6%) patients died. CONCLUSIONS Left ventricular function improved in a substantial number of patients (42.9%) in this Zimbabwean cohort compared to other African cohorts. However the mortality rate remained high.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James Hakim
- College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - David Kao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Colorado, USA
| | - Noleen Munyandu
- College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Jonathan Matenga
- College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
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Peripartum Cardiomyopathy: Do Exosomes Play a Role? ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 998:139-149. [PMID: 28936737 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-4397-0_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) refers to irreversible cardiomyocyte damage that occurs during the last month of pregnancy, or within 5 months after giving birth. It is characterized by systolic heart failure. This life-threatening condition is relatively uncommon, but the incidence has been climbing up. Because of its high mortality, it is crucial for physicians to have high suspicious for the disease. Studies have been done to search into specific lab test and treatment for PPCM. Therapies like anti-viral, anti-inflammatory and immunosuppression regimen have been explored. New regimen like exosomes has also been explored and revealed promising effects.
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Bozkurt B, Colvin M, Cook J, Cooper LT, Deswal A, Fonarow GC, Francis GS, Lenihan D, Lewis EF, McNamara DM, Pahl E, Vasan RS, Ramasubbu K, Rasmusson K, Towbin JA, Yancy C. Current Diagnostic and Treatment Strategies for Specific Dilated Cardiomyopathies: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2016; 134:e579-e646. [PMID: 27832612 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 444] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Peripartum Cardiomyopathy Characteristics and Outcomes in Canadian Aboriginal and Non-Aboriginal Women. Can J Cardiol 2016; 33:471-477. [PMID: 28169090 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a heterogeneous condition characterized by heart failure and left ventricular dysfunction (left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF] < 45%) in the absence of an alternative cause and a previous diagnosis of cardiomyopathy. The Aboriginal population (Inuit, First Nations, Metis) of Canada often has barriers to health care, which can lead to delays in diagnosis and treatment. Our objectives are to describe PPCM in a Canadian population, and to determine if Canadian Aboriginal women have worse clinical outcomes than non-Aboriginal women. METHODS A retrospective study was performed at a single tertiary care centre, between 2008 and 2014. Demographic characteristics, symptoms at presentation, medical history, discharge medications, blood work, echocardiographic parameters, and follow-up information were collected. RESULTS A total of 177 women were screened, and 23 were included in the study (52% were Aboriginal). Aboriginal women were found to have higher rates of gravidity and parity, and higher incidence of tobacco smoking than non-Aboriginal women, and were more likely to be discharged with diuretic medications. At diagnosis, Aboriginal women were more likely to have a lower LVEF (20% [interquartile range (IQR), 15%-23%] vs 40% [IQR, 30%-42%]; P = 0.02) and a more dilated left ventricle (left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, 64 mm [IQR, 57-74 mm] vs 54 mm [IQR, 50-57mm]; P < 0.01). Recovery rate, defined as LVEF > 50%, was similar (46% in Aboriginal patients and 60% in non-Aboriginal patients). CONCLUSIONS Our findings support that Aboriginal women with PPCM are more likely to present with lower LVEF and a more dilated left ventricle, as well, require more symptomatic management. To our knowledge, this is the first description and contrast of PPCM between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal Canadians.
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Malebranche R, Tabou Moyo C, Morisset PH, Raphael NA, Wilentz JR. Clinical and echocardiographic characteristics and outcomes in congestive heart failure at the Hospital of The State University of Haiti. Am Heart J 2016; 178:151-60. [PMID: 27502863 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and epidemiologic profile of congestive heart failure at the principal free-care hospital in Haiti. Cardiovascular disease represents the most prevalent cause of admissions to the medical service of the University Hospital of the State of Haiti. No previous study has examined the demographics of congestive heart failure in urban Haiti. METHODS Two hundred forty-seven patients presented to the inpatient service between May 2011 and May 2013. Evaluation included history and physical, CBC, renal/metabolic profile, serum glucose, anti-HIV antibody, ECG, chest radiograph and echocardiogram. Treatment included angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, furosemide and spironolactone, carvedilol, digoxin and anticoagulation. RESULTS Women (62.4%) outnumbered men; patients were relatively young (mean age 50.1) and from the lowest socio-economic levels of the population. Nearly all (98.8%) presented with NYHA III-IV status, with correspondingly high mortality (23.3%). Echocardiography showed 73% dilated cardiomyopathy; 83% showed moderate to severe LV systolic dysfunction (mean EF 36.5 +/- 15%) and 17% preserved LV systolic function. The three principal etiologies were dilated cardiomyopathy (29%) hypertensive cardiomyopathy (27%) and peripartum cardiomyopathy (20%). Ischemic cardiomyopathy was rare (3.4%). At 27 months follow-up, 76.7% of the patients were alive and well. Among those who died, mean survival time was 113 days. Readmission carried a poor prognosis. CONCLUSIONS This congestive heart failure study from Haiti shows an unusually high proportion of young women, primarily due to peripartum cardiomyopathy. Ischemic cardiomyopathy is rare, as in Africa. Further study is warranted to address the particular problem of the high frequency of peripartum cardiomyopathy in this population.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/therapeutic use
- Adult
- Age Distribution
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Anticoagulants/therapeutic use
- Carbazoles/therapeutic use
- Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/diagnostic imaging
- Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/drug therapy
- Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/epidemiology
- Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/physiopathology
- Cardiotonic Agents/therapeutic use
- Carvedilol
- Cohort Studies
- Digoxin/therapeutic use
- Diuretics/therapeutic use
- Echocardiography
- Electrocardiography
- Female
- Furosemide/therapeutic use
- Haiti
- Heart Failure/diagnostic imaging
- Heart Failure/drug therapy
- Heart Failure/epidemiology
- Heart Failure/physiopathology
- Hospitalization
- Hospitals, University
- Hospitals, Urban
- Humans
- Hypertension/epidemiology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Pregnancy
- Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular/diagnostic imaging
- Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular/drug therapy
- Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular/epidemiology
- Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular/physiopathology
- Propanolamines/therapeutic use
- Prospective Studies
- Puerperal Disorders/diagnostic imaging
- Puerperal Disorders/drug therapy
- Puerperal Disorders/epidemiology
- Puerperal Disorders/physiopathology
- Sex Distribution
- Spironolactone/therapeutic use
- Stroke Volume
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolphe Malebranche
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of the State of Haiti, Port-au-Prince, Haiti; Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of the University of the State of Haiti, Port-au-Prince, Haiti
| | - Christian Tabou Moyo
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of the State of Haiti, Port-au-Prince, Haiti
| | - Paul-Henry Morisset
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of the State of Haiti, Port-au-Prince, Haiti
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Kwan GF, Jean-Baptiste W, Cleophat P, Leandre F, Louine M, Luma M, Benjamin EJ, Mukherjee JS, Bukhman G, Hirschhorn LR. Descriptive epidemiology and short-term outcomes of heart failure hospitalisation in rural Haiti. Heart 2016; 102:140-6. [PMID: 26729609 DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2015-308451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is increasing attention to cardiovascular diseases in low-income countries. However, little is known about heart failure (HF) in rural areas, where most of the populations in low-income countries live. We studied HF epidemiology, care delivery and outcomes in rural Haiti. METHODS Among adults admitted with HF to a rural Haitian tertiary care hospital during a 12-month period (2013-2014), we studied the clinical characteristics and short-term outcomes including length of stay, inhospital death and outpatient follow-up rates. RESULTS HF accounted for 392/1049 (37%) admissions involving 311 individuals; over half (60%) were women. Mean age was 58.8 (SD 16.2) years for men and 48.3 (SD 18.8) years for women; 76 (41%) women were <40 years of age. Median length of stay was 10 days (first and second quartiles 7, 17), and inhospital mortality was 12% (n=37). Ninety nine (36%) of the 274 who survived their primary hospitalisation followed-up at the hospital's outpatient clinic, and 18 (6.6%) were readmitted to the same hospital within 30 days postdischarge. Decreased known follow-up (p<0.01) and readmissions (p=0.03) were associated with increased distance between patient residence and hospital. Among the one-quarter (81) patients with echocardiograms, causes of HF included: non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy (64%), right HF (12%), hypertensive heart disease (7%) and rheumatic heart disease (5%). One-half of the women with cardiomyopathy by echocardiogram had peripartum cardiomyopathy. CONCLUSIONS HF is a common cause of hospitalisation in rural Haiti. Among diagnosed patients, HF is overwhelming due to non-atherosclerotic heart disease and particularly affects young adults. Implementing effective systems to improve HF diagnosis and linkage to essential outpatient care is needed to reduce long-term morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gene F Kwan
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Partners In Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Philip Cleophat
- Zanmi Lasante and Hôpital Universitaire de Mirebalais, Mirebalais, Haiti
| | - Fèrnet Leandre
- Zanmi Lasante and Hôpital Universitaire de Mirebalais, Mirebalais, Haiti
| | - Martineau Louine
- Zanmi Lasante and Hôpital Universitaire de Mirebalais, Mirebalais, Haiti
| | - Maxo Luma
- Zanmi Lasante and Hôpital Universitaire de Mirebalais, Mirebalais, Haiti
| | - Emelia J Benjamin
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joia S Mukherjee
- Partners In Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gene Bukhman
- Partners In Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Division of Global Health Equity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lisa R Hirschhorn
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Division of Global Health Equity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Ariadne Labs, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Li W, Li H, Long Y. Clinical Characteristics and Long-term Predictors of Persistent Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction in Peripartum Cardiomyopathy. Can J Cardiol 2016; 32:362-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2015.07.733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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Akil MA, Bilik MZ, Yildiz A, Acet H, Ertas F, Simsek H, Polat N, Zengin H, Akilli R, Agacayak E, Kayan F, Ozdemir M, Alan S. Peripartum cardiomyopathy in Turkey: Experience of three tertiary centres. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2016; 36:574-80. [DOI: 10.3109/01443615.2015.1107531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Ata Akil
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey,
| | - Mehmet Zihni Bilik
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey,
| | - Abdulkadir Yildiz
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey,
| | - Halit Acet
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey,
| | - Faruk Ertas
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey,
| | - Hakki Simsek
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Yuzuncu Yıl University, Van, Turkey,
| | - Nihat Polat
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey,
| | - Halit Zengin
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey,
| | - Rabia Akilli
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey, and
| | - Elif Agacayak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Fethullah Kayan
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey,
| | - Mahmut Ozdemir
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Yuzuncu Yıl University, Van, Turkey,
| | - Sait Alan
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey,
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Rulisa S, Umuziranenge I, Small M, van Roosmalen J. Maternal near miss and mortality in a tertiary care hospital in Rwanda. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2015; 15:203. [PMID: 26334634 PMCID: PMC4558640 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-015-0619-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To determine the prevalence and factors associated with severe (‘near miss’) maternal morbidity and mortality in the University Teaching Hospital of Kigali – Rwanda. Methods We performed a cross sectional study of all women admitted to the tertiary care University Hospital in Kigali with severe “near miss” maternal morbidity and mortality during a one year period using the WHO criteria for ‘near miss’ maternal mortality. We assessed maternal demographic characteristics and disease processes associated with severe obstetric morbidity and mortality. Results The prevalence of severe maternal outcomes was 11 per 1000 live births. The maternal near miss ratio was 8 per 1000 live births. The majority of severe obstetric morbidity and mortalities resulted from: sepsis/peritonitis (30.2 %)--primarily following caesarean deliveries, hypertensive disease (28.6 %), and hemorrhage (19.3 %). Majority of our patients were found to be of lower socioeconomic status, refered from district hospitals to the tertiary care center, and resided in the eastern part of the country. Conclusion The main causes associated with MNH were peritonitis, hypertensive disorders and bleeding. The high prevalence of peritonitis may reflect suboptimal intraoperative and intrapartum management of high-risk patients at district hospitals. Direct causes of severe maternal outcome are still the most prevalent. The study identified opportunities for improvement in clinical care to reduce potentially these adverse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Rulisa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda.
| | | | - Maria Small
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Jos van Roosmalen
- Department of Obstetrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands. .,Athena Institute, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Umazume T, Yamada T, Ishikawa S, Yamada T, Koyama T, Furuta I, Morikawa M, Yamada S, Minakami H. Prospective study on changes in blood variables in pregnant women at higher risk of peripartum cardiomyopathy. ESC Heart Fail 2015; 2:208-215. [PMID: 28834676 PMCID: PMC6410548 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.12050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 05/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Echocardiography is necessary for the diagnosis of peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM). Multifetal pregnancies (MFP) and hypertensive disorders (HD) are prominent risk factors for PPCM. To determine which blood variables exhibit greater change in a late stage of pregnancy in women with MFP and/or HD compared with women with normotensive singleton pregnancies. Methods and results Serum levels of six variables—high‐sensitive troponin I (hs‐TnI), N‐terminal fragment of precursor protein brain‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP), myoglobin, creatine kinase‐myocardial band, ferritin, and prolactin—were compared between 29 women with MFP (n = 13) and/or HD (n = 18) and 100 women with normotensive singleton pregnancies (control group). None of 129 women developed PPCM. All variables increased significantly peripartum in both groups. In 29 women with MFP and/or HD, the elevated hs‐TnI and NT‐proBNP levels (median) were significantly higher compared with the control group (5.4 vs. 3.7 pg/mL for hs‐TnI with P = 0.002, 185 vs. 68 pg/mL for NT‐proBNP with P = 0.007), and the prevalence rate of more than 90th percentile value specific for the 129 women was significantly more frequent for hs‐TnI (>12.2 pg/mL; 31% [9/29] vs. 4.0% [4/100], P < 0.001) and tended to be more frequent for NT‐proBNP (>342 pg/mL; 21% [6/29] vs. 7.0%, P = 0.072). Conclusions Both hs‐TnI and NT‐proBNP were likely to increase markedly in women with MFP and/or HD. The combination of hs‐TnI and NT‐proBNP may contribute to better selection of candidates for echocardiography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Umazume
- Department of Obstetrics, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yamada
- Department of Obstetrics, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ishikawa
- Department of Obstetrics, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hokkaido JCHO Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Koyama
- Department of Obstetrics, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Itsuko Furuta
- Department of Obstetrics, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mamoru Morikawa
- Department of Obstetrics, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hisanori Minakami
- Department of Obstetrics, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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Pillarisetti J, Kondur A, Alani A, Reddy M, Reddy M, Vacek J, Weiner CP, Ellerbeck E, Schreiber T, Lakkireddy D. Peripartum Cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014; 63:2831-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2014.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Revised: 03/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Cemin R, Janardhanan R, Donazzan L, Daves M. Peripartum cardiomyopathy: moving towards a more central role of genetics. Curr Cardiol Rev 2014; 9:179-84. [PMID: 23909634 PMCID: PMC3780342 DOI: 10.2174/1573403x113099990029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PCM) is a relatively rare disease with potentially devasting consequences requiring prompt identification and correct treatment. Overall prognosis is good in majority of the cases, although some patients may progress to irreversible heart failure. Early diagnosis is important and effective treatment reduces mortality rates and increases the chance of complete recovery of ventricular systolic function. The aetiology and pathogenesis seems to be multifactorial and poorly understood, with the available literature rather conflicting. In recent years, there has been increased interest in the role played by genetic predisposition in the development of PCM. It probably develops as a result of a complex interaction of pregnancy-associated factors and genetic factors and recently there have been many observations pointing out the central role played by a genetic predisposition. The direct and indirect observations on genetic susceptibility may offer new insights into the pathogenesis of PCM. However, larger studies are needed before advising routine genetic testing in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Cemin
- Department of Cardiology, San Maurizio Regional Hospital of Bolzano, Italy.
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Abstract
Worldwide, the numbers of women who have a pre-existing cardiovascular disease or develop cardiac problems during pregnancy are increasing and, due to the lack of evidenced-based data, this provides challenges for the treating physician. Cardiovascular disease in pregnancy is a complex topic as women can present either pre- or post-partum, due to a pre-existing heart disease such as operated on or unoperated on congenital heart disease, valvular heart disease, chronic hypertension, or familial dilated cardiomyopathy. Women often present with symptoms and signs of acute heart failure. On the other hand, there are diseases which are directly related to pregnancy, such as hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and peripartum cardiomyopathy, or where pregnancy increases risk of a disease as, for example, the risk of myocardial infarction. These diseases can have long-term implications to the life of the affected women and their families. There is, in particular, a paucity of data from developing countries of this unique disease pattern and its presentations. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the incidence and prevalence of pregnancy-related cardiovascular disease in women presenting pre- or post-partum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Sliwa
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa and IIDMM, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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21
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Sliwa K, Hilfiker-Kleiner D, Petrie MC, Mebazaa A, Pieske B, Buchmann E, Regitz-Zagrosek V, Schaufelberger M, Tavazzi L, van Veldhuisen DJ, Watkins H, Shah AJ, Seferovic PM, Elkayam U, Pankuweit S, Papp Z, Mouquet F, McMurray JJ. Current state of knowledge on aetiology, diagnosis, management, and therapy of peripartum cardiomyopathy: a position statement from the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on peripartum cardiomyopathy. Eur J Heart Fail 2014; 12:767-78. [PMID: 20675664 DOI: 10.1093/eurjhf/hfq120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 592] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Karen Sliwa
- Hatter Cardiovascular Research Institute; University of Cape Town; Cape Town South Africa
| | | | - Mark C. Petrie
- Golden Jubilee National Hospital; West of Scotland Regional Heart Centre; Glasgow UK
| | - Alexandre Mebazaa
- Inserm U 942, Hôpital Lariboisière; Université Paris Diderot; Paris France
| | - Burkert Pieske
- Deparment of Cardiologie; Medical University Graz; Graz Austria
| | - Eckhart Buchmann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; University of the Witwatersrand and Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital; Johannesburg South Africa
| | | | - Maria Schaufelberger
- Department of Medicine; Sahlgrenska University Hospital Ostra; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Luigi Tavazzi
- Maria Cecilia Hospital - GVM Care & Research; Ettore Sansavini Health Science Foundation; Cotignola Italy
| | - Dirk J. van Veldhuisen
- Department of Cardiology; University Medical Center Groningen; Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Hugh Watkins
- University of Oxford; John Radcliffe Hospital; Oxford UK
| | - Ajay J. Shah
- BHF Centre of Excellence; UK King's College London; UK
| | | | - Uri Elkayam
- Keck School of Medicine; University of Southern California; Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Sabine Pankuweit
- Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology; Philipp's University Marburg; Marburg Germany
| | - Zoltan Papp
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Cardiology; University of Debrecen, Medical and Health Science Center; Debrecen Hungary
| | - Frederic Mouquet
- Polyclinique du Bois, et Pole des maladies cardiovasculaires; Hoptial Cardiologique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire; Lille France
| | - John J.V. McMurray
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre; University of Glasgow; Glasgow UK
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Samonte VI, Ngalob QG, Mata GDB, Aherrera JAM, Reyes E, Punzalan FER. Clinical and echocardiographic profile and outcomes of peripartum cardiomyopathy: the Philippine General Hospital experience. HEART ASIA 2013; 5:245-9. [PMID: 27326145 DOI: 10.1136/heartasia-2013-010356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Revised: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a rare disease entity of unknown aetiology. High rates of mortality or poor overall clinical outcome are reported in women with this condition. Certain characteristics are risk factors for this disease. In Asia, there are limited data, especially in the Southeast Asian region. In the Philippines, no data exist regarding the prevalence or risk factors. OBJECTIVES To determine the prevalence, profile and outcomes of PPCM in Philippine General Hospital and to describe their echocardiographic findings. METHODS All patients diagnosed with PPCM in the period of 1 January 2009-31 December 2010 were seen and examined. Demographic data and echocardiogram of the patients were reviewed. RESULTS 9 were diagnosed with PPCM during the study period. The prevalence is 1 in 1270 live births. Mean age was 29. 78% presented with moderate to severe heart failure symptoms in the prepartum period. Among purported risk factors for PPCM, obesity, multiparity and pre-eclampsia were seen in most. Conversely, only one patient admitted to having more than a single sexual partner. Only one patient had multifetal pregnancy. None were smokers. 44% underwent caesarean section for maternal indication. No mortality was seen. Fetal outcomes were good with all resulting in live births and most were appropriate for gestational age. Echocardiographic findings showed global wall motion abnormalities in the majority, mean ejection fraction of 34% and mean fractional shortening of 20%. CONCLUSIONS PPCM is rare in the Philippines. Compared with international data, our patients are younger with low percentages of promiscuity, multifetal pregnancy, smoking history and tocolytic use. Similar to previous studies, obesity, multiparity and pre-eclampsia were also present in our PPCM patients. Immediate maternal and fetal outcomes were generally good. Adherence to standard heart failure management is high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vim I Samonte
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine , Philippine General Hospital , Manila , Philippines
| | - Queenie G Ngalob
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine , Philippine General Hospital , Manila , Philippines
| | - Ghea Divina B Mata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Philippine General Hospital , Manila , Philippines
| | - Jaime Alfonso M Aherrera
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine , Philippine General Hospital , Manila , Philippines
| | - Eugene Reyes
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine , Philippine General Hospital , Manila , Philippines
| | - Felix Eduardo R Punzalan
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine , Philippine General Hospital , Manila , Philippines
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Peripartum cardiomyopathy: population-based birth prevalence and 7-year mortality. Obstet Gynecol 2013; 121:382-383. [PMID: 23344299 DOI: 10.1097/aog.0b013e3182805f53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Forster O, Ansari AA, Sliwa K. Current issues in the diagnosis and management of peripartum cardiomyopathy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 2:587-96. [PMID: 19803966 DOI: 10.2217/17455057.2.4.587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Peripartum cardiomyopathy is a form of heart failure that occurs in women within 1 month pre- and 5 months postdelivery. The syndrome carries a high mortality and predisposing factors are not known. The incidence and prevalence of peripartum cardiomyopathy appear to be increasing and this article aims to alert clinicians to consider a possible diagnosis of peripartum cardiomyopathy, outlines the current treatment options, and describes recent advances in the understanding of the pathophysiology of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf Forster
- University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg Division of Cardiology, Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital Soweto Cardiovascular Research Unit, 2013 Soweto, South Africa.
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26
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Goeh Akue K, Assou K, Kossidze K, Akpadza K. Peripartum myocardiopathy in Lome (Togo). Int J Cardiol 2012; 157:e12-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2011.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 09/06/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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27
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Cooper LT, Mather PJ, Alexis JD, Pauly DF, Torre-Amione G, Wittstein IS, Dec GW, Zucker M, Narula J, Kip K, McNamara DM. Myocardial recovery in peripartum cardiomyopathy: prospective comparison with recent onset cardiomyopathy in men and nonperipartum women. J Card Fail 2012; 18:28-33. [PMID: 22196838 PMCID: PMC3421073 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2011.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Revised: 08/18/2011] [Accepted: 09/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether myocardial recovery occurs more frequently in peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) than in recent onset cardiomyopathies in men and nonperipartum women has not been prospectively evaluated. This was examined through an analysis of outcomes in the Intervention in Myocarditis and Acute Cardiomyopathy 2 (IMAC2) registry. METHODS AND RESULTS IMAC2 enrolled 373 subjects with recent onset nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was assessed at entry and 6 months, and subjects followed for up to 4 years. Myocardial recovery was compared between men (group 1), nonperipartum women (group 2) and subjects with PPCM (group 3). The cohort included 230 subjects in group 1, 104 in group 2, and 39 in group 3. The mean LVEF at baseline in groups 1, 2, and 3 was 0.23 ± 0.08, 0.24 ± 0.08, and 0.27 ± 0.07 (P = .04), and at 6 months was 0.39 ± 0.12, 0.42 ± 0.11, and 0.45 ± 0.14 (P = .007). Subjects in group 3 had a much greater likelihood of achieving an LVEF >0.50 at 6 months than groups 1 or 2 (19 %, 34%, and 48% respectively, P = .002). CONCLUSIONS Prospective evaluation confirms myocardial recovery is greatest in women with PPCM, poorest in men, and intermediate in nonperipartum women. On contemporary therapy, nearly half of women with PPCM normalize cardiac function by 6 months.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kevin Kip
- University of South Florida, Tampa, Fl
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28
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Horne BD, Rasmusson KD, Alharethi R, Budge D, Brunisholz KD, Metz T, Carlquist JF, Connolly JJ, Porter TF, Lappé DL, Muhlestein JB, Silver R, Stehlik J, Park JJ, May HT, Bair TL, Anderson JL, Renlund DG, Kfoury AG. Genome-wide significance and replication of the chromosome 12p11.22 locus near the PTHLH gene for peripartum cardiomyopathy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 4:359-66. [PMID: 21665988 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.110.959205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peripartum (PP) cardiomyopathy (CM) is a rare condition of unknown etiology that occurs in late pregnancy or early postpartum. Initial evidence suggests that genetic factors may influence PPCM. This study evaluated and replicated genome-wide association of single nucleotide polymorphisms with PPCM. METHODS AND RESULTS Genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms in women with verified PPCM diagnosis (n=41) were compared separately with local control subjects (n=49 postmenopausal age-discordant women with parity ≥1 and no heart failure) and iControls (n=654 women ages 30 to 84 years with unknown phenotypes). A replication study of independent population samples used new cases (PPCM2, n=30) compared with new age-discordant control subjects (local2, n=124) and with younger control subjects (n=89) and obstetric control subjects (n=90). A third case set of pregnancy-associated CM cases not meeting strict PPCM definitions (n=29) was also studied. In the genome-wide association study, 1 single nucleotide polymorphism (rs258415) met genome-wide significance for PPCM versus local control subjects (P=2.06×10(-8); odds ratio [OR], 5.96). This was verified versus iControls (P=7.92×10(-19); OR, 8.52). In the replication study for PPCM2 cases, rs258415 (ORs are per C allele) replicated at P=0.009 versus local2 control subjects (OR, 2.26). This replication was verified for PPCM2 versus younger control subjects (P=0.029; OR, 2.15) and versus obstetric control subjects (P=0.013; OR, 2.44). In pregnancy-associated cardiomyopathy cases, rs258415 had a similar effect versus local2 control subjects (P=0.06; OR, 1.79), younger control subjects (P=0.14; OR, 1.65), and obstetric control subjects (P=0.038; OR, 1.99). CONCLUSIONS Genome-wide association with PPCM was discovered and replicated for rs258415 at chromosome 12p11.22 near PTHLH. This study indicates a role of genetic factors in PPCM and provides a new locus for further pathophysiological and clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D Horne
- Cardiovascular Department, Intermountain Medical Center, Genetic Epidemiology Division, University of Utah, USA.
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Abstract
Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a potentially devastating disease that affects women during the last months of pregnancy or the first months after delivery. The aetiology and pathogenesis of this disease remain unclear, but oxidative stress and the generation of a cardiotoxic fragment of prolactin may play key roles. Diagnosing PPCM remains a challenge, as symptoms may mimic those women experience during normal pregnancy and the peripartum period. A high index of suspicion is thus necessary to make the diagnosis. Patients with PPCM have a varied clinical course, as some patients achieve full recovery while others progress to end-stage heart failure and even death. Standard heart failure treatment is indicated, although special provisions are necessary in pregnant and lactating women. Additional research into the pathophysiology of this disease, including possible genetic contributions, may lead to novel treatment strategies that can improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori A Blauwet
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, MN , USA
| | - Karen Sliwa
- Hatter Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine , Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town , South Africa
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Krul SPJ, van der Smagt JJ, van den Berg MP, Sollie KM, Pieper PG, van Spaendonck-Zwarts KY. Systematic review of pregnancy in women with inherited cardiomyopathies. Eur J Heart Fail 2011; 13:584-94. [PMID: 21482599 DOI: 10.1093/eurjhf/hfr040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy exposes women with inherited cardiomyopathies to increased risk for heart failure and arrhythmias. In this paper, we review the clinical course and management of pregnant women with the following inherited cardiomyopathies: hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy, arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy, and restrictive cardiomyopathy. We also discuss peripartum cardiomyopathy. Pregnancy is generally well tolerated in asymptomatic patients with inherited cardiomyopathies. However, worsening of the clinical condition can occur during pregnancy, despite intensive medical treatment. If prior cardiac events, poor functional class (New York Heart Association class III or IV), or advanced left ventricular systolic dysfunction are present, the risk of maternal cardiac complications during pregnancy are markedly increased. The postpartum condition is generally no worse than the antepartum condition, but no long-term follow-up studies have been reported. Preconception evaluation and counselling are important aspects of managing women with inherited cardiomyopathies. Genetic counselling and DNA testing should be offered to all women following the diagnosis of an inherited cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien P J Krul
- Department of Cardiology and Experimental Cardiology, Heart Failure Research Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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31
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Mandal D, Mandal S, Mukherjee D, Biswas SC, Maiti TK, Chattopadhaya N, Majumdar B, Panja M. Pregnancy and subsequent pregnancy outcomes in peripartum cardiomyopathy. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2010; 37:222-7. [PMID: 21114580 DOI: 10.1111/j.1447-0756.2010.01378.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM To study the clinical profile and management of peripartum cardiomyopathy, and to analyze the pregnancy outcomes of pregnant women with this disorder as well as its effect on subsequent pregnancies. METHODS All patients admitted with peripartum cardiomyopathy from July 2006 to June 2009 by the Departments of Cardiology and Obstetrics and Gynecology from the Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India, were considered for this observational study. Thirty-six women with 42 pregnancies (36 first pregnancies and six second pregnancies in the same patients) were evaluated. RESULTS Primiparas constituted 39% (14/36) of the total study population. Twenty-six women (72%) were clinically improved and in 17 (48%) the left ventricular functional status returned to normal. Five cases (14%) developed persistent cardiomyopathy (persistent left ventricular dysfunction beyond six months of presentation), and five women (14%) presented with thromboembolic events and anticoagulation was used as secondary prophylaxis. Maternal mortality was 14% (5/36). Among all live babies two had intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and another two died during the neonatal period. Of the six women with subsequent pregnancies, the patient with persistent cardiomyopathy died after delivering a stillborn baby. The remaining five cases with normal left ventricular functional status had favorable fetal outcomes; however, the mothers experienced morbidities such as symptoms of heart failure (two cases) and one of them progressed to persistent cardiomyopathy. CONCLUSIONS Subsequent pregnancies should be discouraged as it increases the risk of recurrence of left ventricular dysfunction. Anticoagulation may be considered as a primary prevention of thromboembolism in pregnant mothers with peripartum cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasmita Mandal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India.
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Carlin AJ, Alfirevic Z, Gyte GML. Interventions for treating peripartum cardiomyopathy to improve outcomes for women and babies. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010:CD008589. [PMID: 20824881 PMCID: PMC4170903 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd008589.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM or PCMO) is a rare disease of unknown etiology, characterised by an acute onset of heart failure in women in the late stage of pregnancy or in the early months postpartum. OBJECTIVES To assess the effectiveness and safety of any intervention for the care of women and/or their babies with a diagnosis of peripartum cardiomyopathy. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group's Trials Register (27 July 2010) and the reference lists of identified studies. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised and quasi-randomised controlled trials of any intervention for treating peripartum cardiomyopathy. Such interventions include: drugs; cardiac monitoring and treatment; haemodynamic monitoring and treatments; supportive therapies and heart transplant. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two authors independently assessed the studies for inclusion, assessed risk of bias and carried out data extraction. Data entry was checked. MAIN RESULTS We identified and included one pilot study, involving 20 women, undertaken in South Africa. Women were diagnosed postnatally and included in the study within 24 hours of diagnosis. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS There are insufficient data to draw any firm conclusions. Treatment with bromocriptine appears promising, although women would be unable to breastfeed due to suppression of lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Carlin
- Maternal Fetal Medicine Unit, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, Australia
| | - Zarko Alfirevic
- School of Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, Division of Perinatal and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Gillian ML Gyte
- Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group, School of Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, Division of Perinatal and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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Carlin AJ, Alfirevic Z, Gyte GML. Interventions for treating peripartum cardiomyopathy. THE COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd008589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Morales A, Painter T, Li R, Siegfried JD, Li D, Norton N, Hershberger RE. Rare variant mutations in pregnancy-associated or peripartum cardiomyopathy. Circulation 2010; 121:2176-82. [PMID: 20458009 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.109.931220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The term peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) describes dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) without known cause that occurs during the last month of pregnancy to 5 months postpartum. A related term, pregnancy-associated cardiomyopathy (PACM), refers to DCM onset earlier in pregnancy. Multiple studies have focused on inflammatory, immunologic, and environmental causes. An alternative hypothesis is that PPCM and PACM result, in part, from a genetic cause. In this study, we sought to test the hypothesis that rare DCM-associated mutations underlie a proportion of PACM or PPCM cases. METHODS AND RESULTS A systematic search of our DCM database designed for family-based genetic studies was undertaken for cases associated with pregnancy and the postpartum period; in the identified cases, clinical and molecular genetic data, including exonic and near intron/exon boundaries of DCM genes, were analyzed. Of 4110 women from 520 pedigrees in the Familial Dilated Cardiomyopathy Research Project database, we identified 45 cases of PPCM/PACM. Evidence of familial clustering with DCM was present in 23 unrelated cases. Of the 45 cases, 19 had been resequenced for known DCM genes, and 6 carried mutations. Five had PPCM, of which 3 were familial with mutations found in MYH7, SCN5A, and PSEN2, and 2 were sporadic with mutations in MYH6 and TNNT2. One case had PACM and carried a mutation in MYBPC3. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that a proportion of PPCM/PACM cases results from a genetic cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Morales
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1501 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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Vettori DV, Rohde LE, Clausell N. Asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction in puerperal women: an echocardiographic-based study. Int J Cardiol 2010; 149:353-7. [PMID: 20199817 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2010.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2009] [Revised: 01/22/2010] [Accepted: 01/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peripartum cardiomyopathy is a rare but significant cause of maternal morbidity and mortality. Identification of silent forms of ventricular dysfunction associated with the peripartum period is challenging, yet necessary to establish specific counseling and therapeutic measures to prevent progression to overt heart failure. Our aims were to determine the prevalence of asymptomatic left ventricular systolic dysfunction in puerperium and compare its progression with that of cases of peripartum cardiomyopathy occurring in the same study period. METHODS Cross-sectional study conducted from September 2002 to April 2005 to determine by echocardiography the prevalence of asymptomatic ventricular dysfunction in early puerperium and a nested cohort study from November 2007 to January 2008 to obtain clinical and echocardiography follow-up data of positively screened patients. All clinically diagnosed cases of peripartum cardiomyopathy occurring in the same study period were also examined. RESULTS We screened 1182 puerperal women; ten cases (0.85%) of asymptomatic ventricular dysfunction were detected characterized by either decreased left ventricular systolic function and/or increased end-diastolic diameter. Incidence of peripartum cardiomyopathy was 6 cases/10,866 deliveries (1/1811 live births) in the same period. An echocardiogram-based follow-up study performed after a mean of 4.0years (2.9-5.2years), showed significant and similar improvement in parameters of left ventricular function in both groups (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction in puerperal women shows a high prevalence and a pattern of long term echocardiographic changes similar to those found in overt peripartum cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela V Vettori
- Divisions of Cardiology and Gynecology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Post-Graduate Program on Clinical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul. Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Fett JD, Fristoe KL, Welsh SN. Risk of heart failure relapse in subsequent pregnancy among peripartum cardiomyopathy mothers. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2009; 109:34-6. [PMID: 19945699 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2009.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2009] [Revised: 10/19/2009] [Accepted: 11/06/2009] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To quantify the level of risk for heart failure relapse in a subsequent pregnancy in women who have had peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM), and to test the hypothesis that meeting additional criteria may help lower the risk. METHODS Prospectively-identified PPCM patients volunteering between 2003 and 2009 were identified from the PPCM Registry of Hôpital Albert Schweitzer, Deschapelles, Haiti, and an internet support group. Data were assessed for full adherence to monitoring and diagnostic criteria, clinical data, statistical analysis, and reporting. RESULTS Of 61 post-PPCM pregnancies identified, there were 18 relapses (29.5%) of heart failure. Of 26 pregnancies with a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of less than 0.55 prior to the pregnancy, relapse occurred in 12 (46.2%) pregnancies. Of 35 pregnancies with an LVEF of 0.55 or greater prior to the pregnancy, relapse occurred in 6 (17.1%) (P<0.01). No relapses occurred in 9 women who also demonstrated adequate contractile reserve. CONCLUSION The most important criterion associated with reduced risk for heart failure relapse in a post-PPCM pregnancy is recovery defined by an LVEF 0.55 or greater before the subsequent pregnancy. Exercise stress echocardiography showing adequate contractile reserve may help to identify women at an even lower risk of relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D Fett
- Peripartum Cardiomyopathy Research Project, Department of Adult Medicine, Hôpital Albert Schweitzer, Deschapelles, Haiti.
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Cemin R, Janardhanan R, Daves M. Peripartum cardiomyopathy: an intriguing challenge. Case report with literature review. Curr Cardiol Rev 2009; 5:268-72. [PMID: 21037843 PMCID: PMC2842958 DOI: 10.2174/157340309789317896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2009] [Revised: 03/17/2009] [Accepted: 03/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripartum cardiomyopathy is a relatively rare disease, which can have devasting consequences and should be promptly identified and correctly treated. Overall prognosis is good in majority of the cases, although some patients may progress to irreversible heart failure. Early diagnosis is important and effective treatment reduces mortality rates and increases the chance of complete recovery of ventricular systolic function.We report of an interesting case with a favourable outcome and discuss about the clinical presentation, therapy and outcome of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Cemin
- Department of Cardiology, San Maurizio Regional Hospital, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Rajesh Janardhanan
- Department of Cardiology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Massimo Daves
- Clinical Biochemical Laboratory, San Maurizio Regional Hospital, Bolzano, Italy
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Modi KA, Illum S, Jariatul K, Caldito G, Reddy PC. Poor outcome of indigent patients with peripartum cardiomyopathy in the United States. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2009; 201:171.e1-5. [PMID: 19564021 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2009.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2008] [Revised: 01/29/2009] [Accepted: 04/22/2009] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) patients from Haiti and South Africa have poor survival and poor left ventricular (LV) function recovery compared with patients from the United States. There are no reported studies of PPCM among the African American population in the United States. We evaluated the prognosis of PPCM in a mostly African American population. STUDY DESIGN We analyzed the clinical and echocardiographic data of 44 (39 African American) patients with PPCM over an 11 year period (1992-2003). RESULTS Thirty-nine patients were indigent and 5 had health insurance. During a mean follow-up of 24.0 (range, 0.1-264) months, 7 (15.9%) patients died and LV function returned to normal in 14 (35%). CONCLUSION LV function recovery and survival rates of PPCM patients observed in our study are similar to those reported from Haiti and South Africa and different from what is generally accepted in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalgi A Modi
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Shreveport, LA, USA.
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Lata I, Gupta R, Sahu S, Singh H. Emergency management of decompensated peripartum cardiomyopathy. J Emerg Trauma Shock 2009; 2:124-8. [PMID: 19561973 PMCID: PMC2700591 DOI: 10.4103/0974-2700.50748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2008] [Accepted: 11/22/2008] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a rare life-threatening cardiomyopathy of unknown cause that occurs in the peripartum period in previously healthy women.[1] the symptomatic patients should receive standard therapy for heart failure, managed by a multidisciplinary team. The diagnosis of PPCM rests on the echocardiographic identification of new left ventricular systolic dysfunction during a limited period surrounding parturition. Diagnostic criteria include an ejection fraction of less than 45%, fractional shortening of less than 30%, or both, and end-diastolic dimension of greater than 2.7 cm/m(2) body surface-area. This entity presents a diagnostic challenge because many women in the last month of a normal pregnancy experience dyspnea, fatigue, and pedal edema, symptoms identical to early congestive heart failure. There are no specific criteria for differentiating subtle symptoms of heart failure from normal late pregnancy. Therefore, it is important that a high index of suspicion be maintained to identify the rare case of PPCM as general examination showing symptoms of heart failure with pulmonary edema. PPCM remains a diagnosis of exclusion. No additional specific criteria have been identified to allow distinction between a peripartum patient with new onset heart failure and left ventricular systolic dysfunction as PPCM and another form of dilated cardiomyopathy. Therefore, all other causes of dilated cardiomyopathy with heart failure must be systematically excluded before accepting the designation of PPCM. Recent observations from Haiti[2] suggest that a latent form of PPCM without clinical symptoms might exist. The investigators identified four clinically normal postpartum women with asymptomatic systolic dysfunction on echocardiography, who subsequently either developed clinically detectable dilated cardiomyopathy or improved and completely recovered heart function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indu Lata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology V.M.M.C and Safdarjung Hospital, N. Delhi, India
| | - Renu Gupta
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, G.S.V.M. Medical College, Kanpur, India
| | - Sandeep Sahu
- Department of Anaesthesiology, G.S.V.M. Medical College, Kanpur, India
| | - Harpreet Singh
- Department of Anaesthesiology, G.S.V.M. Medical College, Kanpur, India
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Ellis JE, Ansari AA, Fett JD, Carraway RD, Randall HW, Mosunjac MI, Sundstrom JB. Inhibition of progenitor dendritic cell maturation by plasma from patients with peripartum cardiomyopathy: role in pregnancy-associated heart disease. Clin Dev Immunol 2009; 12:265-73. [PMID: 16584112 PMCID: PMC2270740 DOI: 10.1080/17402520500304352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) play dual roles in innate and adaptive immunity based on their functional maturity, and both innate and adaptive immune responses have been implicated in myocardial tissue remodeling associated with cardiomyopathies. Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a rare disorder which affects women within one month antepartum to five months postpartum. A high occurrence of PPCM in central Haiti (1 in 300 live births) provided the unique opportunity to study the relationship of immune activation and DC maturation to the etiology of this disorder. Plasma samples from two groups (n = 12) of age- and parity-matched Haitian women with or without evidence of PPCM were tested for levels of biomarkers of cardiac tissue remodeling and immune activation. Significantly elevated levels of GM-CSF, endothelin-1, proBNP and CRP and decreased levels of TGF-beta were measured in PPCM subjects relative to controls. Yet despite these findings, in vitro maturation of normal human cord blood derived progenitor dendritic cells (CBDCs) was significantly reduced (p < 0.001) in the presence of plasma from PPCM patients relative to plasma from post-partum control subjects as determined by expression of CD80, CD86, CD83, CCR7, MHC class II and the ability of these matured CBDCs to induce allo-responses in PBMCs. These results represent the first findings linking inhibition of DC maturation to the dysregulation of normal physiologic cardiac tissue remodeling during pregnancy and the pathogenesis of PPCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane E Ellis
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Bahloul M, Ben Ahmed MN, Laaroussi L, Chtara K, Kallel H, Dammak H, Ksibi H, Samet M, Chelly H, Ben Hamida C, Chaari A, Amouri H, Rekik N, Bouaziz M. [Peripartum cardiomyopathy: incidence, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 28:44-60. [PMID: 19111432 DOI: 10.1016/j.annfar.2008.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2008] [Accepted: 11/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a rare and life-threatening disease of unknown aetiology. The primary objective of this review was to analysed aetiopathogeneses, clinical presentation and diagnosis, as well as pharmacological, perioperative and intensive care management and prognosis of this pathology. METHODS We undertook a systematic review of the literature using Medline, Google Scholar and PubMed searches. RESULTS Unlike other parts of the world in which cardiomyopathy are rare, dilated cardiomyopathy is a major cause of heart failure throughout Africa. Its aetiopathogenesis is still poorly understood, but recent evidence supports inflammation, viral infection and autoimmunity as the leading causative hypotheses. This diagnosis should be limited to previously healthy women who present with congestive heart failure (CHF) and decreased left ventricular systolic function in the last month of pregnancy or within 5 months after delivery. Recently, introduction of echocardiography has made diagnosis of PPCM easier and more accurate. Conventional treatment consists of diuretics, vasodilators, and sometimes digoxin and anticoagulants, usually in combination. Patients who fail to recover may require inotropic therapy. In resistant cases, newer therapeutic modalities such as immunomodulation, immunoglobulin and immunosuppression may be considered. Prognosis is highly related to reversal of ventricular dysfunction. Compared to historically higher mortality rates, recent reports describe better outcome, probably because of advances in medical care. Based on current information, future pregnancy is usually not recommended in patients who fail to recover normal heart function. CONCLUSION PPCM is a rare but serious form of cardiac failure affecting women in the last months of pregnancy or early puerperium. Its aetiopathogenesis is still poorly understood. Introduction of echocardiography has made diagnosis of PPCM easier and more accurate. Prognosis is highly related to reversal of ventricular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bahloul
- Service de réanimation médicale, CHU Habib Bourguiba, route El Ain Km 1, 3029 Sfax, Tunisie.
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Fett JD, Sannon H, Thélisma E, Sprunger T, Suresh V. Recovery from severe heart failure following peripartum cardiomyopathy. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2008; 104:125-7. [PMID: 19036370 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2008.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2008] [Revised: 09/11/2008] [Accepted: 09/30/2008] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Traditional concepts surrounding peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) hold that if recovery does not occur within 6 months of diagnosis, it is unlikely to happen. The purpose of the study was to determine the length of time required for recovery of left ventricular systolic function. METHODS Patients were identified from the Hôpital Albert Schweitzer PPCM Registry over the period 2000-2008. Echocardiography was carried out at diagnosis and every 6 months thereafter. Recovery of systolic heart function was defined as left ventricular ejection fraction greater than 0.50. RESULTS Thirty-two out of 116 (27.6%) PPCM patients reached recovery levels, with 75% of patients taking over 12 months to recover. Shortest time to recovery was 3 months and longest time to recovery was 48 months. CONCLUSION Recovery of left ventricular systolic function in PPCM patients often requires longer than 6-12 months following diagnosis. It is important to continue effective treatment and follow-up for a sufficient period to assure maximum benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D Fett
- Department of Adult Medicine, Hôpital Albert Schweitzer, Deschapelles, Haiti.
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Bhakta P, Biswas BK, Banerjee B. Peripartum cardiomyopathy: review of the literature. Yonsei Med J 2007; 48:731-47. [PMID: 17963329 PMCID: PMC2628138 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2007.48.5.731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2007] [Accepted: 07/31/2007] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a rare but serious form of cardiac failure affecting women in the last months of pregnancy or early puerperium. Clinical presentation of PPCM is similar to that of systolic heart failure from any cause, and it can sometimes be complicated by a high incidence of thromboembolism. Prior to the availability of echocardiography, diagnosis was based only on clinical findings. Recently, inclusion of echocardiography has made diagnosis of PPCM easier and more accurate. Its etiopathogenesis is still poorly understood, but recent evidence supports inflammation, viral infection and autoimmunity as the leading causative hypotheses. Prompt recognition with institution of intensive treatment by a multidisciplinary team is a prerequisite for improved outcome. Conventional treatment consists of diuretics, beta blockers, vasodilators, and sometimes digoxin and anticoagulants, usually in combination. In resistant cases, newer therapeutic modalities such as immunomodulation, immunoglobulin and immunosuppression may be considered. Cardiac transplantation may be necessary in patients not responding to conventional and newer therapeutic strategies. The role of the anesthesiologist is important in perioperative and intensive care management. Prognosis is highly related to reversal of ventricular dysfunction. Compared to historically higher mortality rates, recent reports describe better outcome, probably because of advances in medical care. Based on current information, future pregnancy is usually not recommended in patients who fail to recover heart function. This article aims to provide a comprehensive updated review of PPCM covering etiopathogeneses, clinical presentation and diagnosis, as well as pharmacological, perioperative and intensive care management and prognosis, while stressing areas that require further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradipta Bhakta
- Registrar, Department of Anesthesiology, Sultan Quaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Binay K Biswas
- Teaching Instructor, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Basudeb Banerjee
- Professor and Head, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
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Lamparter S, Pankuweit S, Maisch B. Clinical and immunologic characteristics in peripartum cardiomyopathy. Int J Cardiol 2007; 118:14-20. [PMID: 16904777 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2006.04.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2005] [Revised: 03/24/2006] [Accepted: 04/01/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a rare disorder of dilated cardiomyopathy and left ventricular dysfunction occurring in the last month of pregnancy or within 5 months postpartum. Outcome of PPCM is highly variable, comprising clinical improvement and rapid deterioration unresponsive to medical treatment requiring heart transplantation or even death. In this study, we report the clinicopathologic findings of 10 patients with PPCM who were retrospectively identified in our cardiomyopathy registry. During a follow-up of 69+/-27 months, no patient died or required orthotopic heart transplantation. Left ventricular ejection fraction was 38+/-7% at the time of diagnosis and 53+/-7% during follow-up. While all patients had sinus rhythm at the time of diagnosis, three patients presented with left bundle branch block. We found no evidence of viral infection in endomyocardial biopsy samples of seven patients by PCR. Histopathologic findings revealed the presence borderline myocarditis in two of seven patients (29%). Circulating autoantibodies to cardiac tissue of any kind were observed in all patients. In conclusion, in our retrospective observational study, no patient diagnosed with PPCM died or received orthotopic heart transplantation. Improvement of left ventricular ejection fraction was present in eight patients (80%), while LV dysfunction persisted in four patients. Our findings support the hypothesis of an underlying autoimmune pathomechanism in this rare disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Lamparter
- Diakonie Krankenhaus Wehrda, Internal Medicine, Hebronberg 5, D-35041 Marburg-Wehrda, Germany.
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Abboud J, Murad Y, Chen-Scarabelli C, Saravolatz L, Scarabelli TM. Peripartum cardiomyopathy: a comprehensive review. Int J Cardiol 2007; 118:295-303. [PMID: 17208320 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2006.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2006] [Revised: 07/17/2006] [Accepted: 08/03/2006] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a rare disorder in which left ventricular dysfunction and symptoms of heart failure occur in the peripartum period in previously healthy women. Incidence of PPCM ranges from 1 in 1300 to 1 in 15,000 pregnancies. The etiology of PPCM is unknown, but viral, autoimmune, and idiopathic causes may contribute. The diagnostic criteria are onset of heart failure in the last month of pregnancy or in first 5 months postpartum, absence of determinable cause for cardiac failure, and absence of a demonstrable heart disease before the last month of pregnancy. Risk factors for PPCM include advanced maternal age, multiparity, African race, twinning, gestational hypertension, and long-term tocolysis. The clinical presentation of patients with PPCM is similar to that of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. Early diagnosis and initiation of treatment are essential to optimize pregnancy outcome. Treatment is similar to medical therapy for other forms of dilated cardiomyopathy. About half the patients of PPCM recover without complications. The prognosis is poor in patients with persistent cardiomyopathy. Persistence of disease after 6 months indicates irreversible cardiomyopathy and portends worse survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Abboud
- Center for Heart and Vessel Preclinical Studies, Division of Cardiology, St John Hospital and Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48236, USA
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47
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Fett JD. Inflammation and virus in dilated cardiomyopathy as indicated by endomyocardial biopsy. Int J Cardiol 2006; 112:125-6. [PMID: 16364467 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2005.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2005] [Accepted: 11/04/2005] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing of "quick-freeze" endomyocardial biopsy tissue for identification of evidence of viral presence is an important new tool in the investigation of unexplained dilated cardiomyopathy patients; and particularly those who are not improving with conventional treatment. Alternate therapeutic measures, including anti-viral treatment and immunosuppressive therapy, offer promise in contributing to left ventricular systolic function improvement. It is important to include PCR testing for a broad spectrum of cardiotropic viruses prior to the application of immunosuppressive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D Fett
- Hosiptal Albert Schweitzer, Deschapelles, Haiti, Department Adult Medicine, Deschapelles, Haiti
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48
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Mishra TK, Swain S, Routray SN. Peripartum cardiomyopathy. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2006; 95:104-9. [PMID: 16935289 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2006.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2006] [Revised: 06/19/2006] [Accepted: 06/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the clinical and echocardiographic profiles of women with peripartum cardiomyopathy and ascertain the natural course of the disease. METHODS Fifty-six women with peripartum cardiomyopathy were followed up for a mean period of 6.1 years and their clinical and echocardiographic profiles were studied as well as their outcomes. RESULTS The mean+/-SD age at presentation was 31+/-5 years and mean parity was 2.6+/-1. Of the 56 patients, 18 (32.1%) had NYHA Class II, 24 (42.9%) had NYHA Class III, and 14 (25%) had NYHA Class IV symptoms, and 21 (37.5%) and 35 (62.5%), respectively, presented with features of heart failure during pregnancy and the postpartum. During follow-up, the left ventricular ejection fraction improved from 31%+/-7.2% to 43%+/-8% (P</=0.05). Nine patients (16.1%) became pregnant, with a mortality of 55.5% during pregnancy and 23.2% during follow-up. CONCLUSION Women with peripartum cardiomyopathy present with severe left ventricular dysfunction late in the pregnancy or early in the puerperium. A considerable number of women still die from this condition despite the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and beta-blockers. A subsequent pregnancy carries a very high risk of mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- T K Mishra
- Department of Cardiology, SCB Medical College, Cuttack, Orissa, India
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Abstract
Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a disorder in which initial left ventricular systolic dysfunction and symptoms of heart failure occur between the late stages of pregnancy and the early postpartum period. It is common in some countries and rare in others. The causes and pathogenesis are poorly understood. Molecular markers of an inflammatory process are found in most patients. Clinical presentation includes usual signs and symptoms of heart failure, and unusual presentations relating to thromboembolism. Clinicians should consider PPCM in any peripartum patient with unexplained disease. Conventional heart failure treatment includes use of diuretics, beta blockers, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. Effective treatment reduces mortality rates and increases the number of women who fully recover left ventricular systolic function. Outcomes for subsequent pregnancy after PPCM are better in women who have first fully recovered heart function. Areas for future research include immune system dysfunction, the role of viruses, non-conventional treatments such as immunosuppression, immunoadsorption, apheresis, antiviral treatment, suppression of proinflammatory cytokines, and strategies for control and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Sliwa
- Soweto Cardiovascular Research Unit, Department of Cardiology, Chris-Hani-Baragwanath Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, P O Bertsham 2013, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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Fett JD, Murphy JG. Infant survival in Haiti after maternal death from peripartum cardiomyopathy. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2006; 94:135-6. [PMID: 16828765 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2006.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2006] [Revised: 05/03/2006] [Accepted: 05/11/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J D Fett
- Department of Adult Medicine, Hôpital Albert Schweitzer, Deschapelles, Haiti.
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